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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Attention. Distraction (Psychology)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Attention. Distraction (Psychology)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Attention. Distraction (Psychology)"

1

Watanabe, Katsumi, and Shinsuke Shimojo. "Attentional Modulation in Perception of Visual Motion Events." Perception 27, no. 9 (September 1998): 1041–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p271041.

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Identical visual targets moving across each other with equal and constant speed can be perceived either to bounce off or to stream through each other. This bistable motion perception has been studied mostly in the context of motion integration. Since the perception of most ambiguous motion is affected by attention, there is the possibility of attentional modulation occurring in this case as well. We investigated whether distraction of attention from the moving targets would alter the relative frequency of each percept. During the observation of the streaming/bouncing motion event in the peripheral visual field, visual attention was disrupted by an abrupt presentation of a visual distractor at various timings and locations (experiment 1; exogenous distraction of attention) or by the demand of an additional discrimination task (experiments 2 and 3; endogenous distraction of attention). Both types of distractions of attention increased the frequency of the bouncing percept and decreased that of the streaming percept. These results suggest that attention may facilitate the perception of object motion as continuing in the same direction as in the past.

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Annerer-Walcher, Sonja, Christof Körner, Roger E. Beaty, and Mathias Benedek. "Eye behavior predicts susceptibility to visual distraction during internally directed cognition." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 7 (June 4, 2020): 3432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02068-1.

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Abstract When we engage in internally directed cognition (e.g., planning or imagination), our eye behavior decouples from external stimuli and couples to internal representations (e.g., internal visualizations of ideas). Here, we investigated whether eye behavior predicts the susceptibility to visual distraction during internally directed cognition. To this end, participants performed a divergent thinking task, which required internally directed attention, and we measured distraction in terms of attention capture by unrelated images. We used multilevel mixed models to predict visual distraction by eye behavior right before distractor onset. In Study 1 (N = 38), visual distraction was predicted by increased saccade and blink rate, and higher pupil dilation. We replicated these findings in Study 2 using the same task, but with less predictable distractor onsets and a larger sample (N = 144). We also explored whether individual differences in susceptibility to visual distraction were related to cognitive ability and task performance. Taken together, variation in eye behavior was found to be a consistent predictor of visual distraction during internally directed cognition. This highlights the relevance of eye parameters as objective indicators of internal versus external attentional focus and distractibility during complex mental tasks.

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Giancola, Peter R., and Michelle D. Corman. "Alcohol and Aggression." Psychological Science 18, no. 7 (July 2007): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01953.x.

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This article presents the first systematic test of the attention-allocation model for alcohol-related aggression. According to this model, alcohol has a “myopic” effect on attentional capacity that presumably facilitates aggression by focusing attention on more salient provocative, rather than less salient inhibitory, cues in hostile situations. Aggression was assessed using a laboratory task in which mild electric shocks were received from, and administered to, a fictitious opponent. Study 1 demonstrated that a moderate-load cognitive distractor suppressed aggression in intoxicated subjects (to levels even lower than those exhibited by a placebo control group). Study 2 assessed how varying the magnitude of a distracting cognitive load affected aggression in the alcohol and placebo conditions. Results indicated that the moderate-load distraction used in Study 1 (i.e., holding four elements in sequential order in working memory) suppressed aggression best. Cognitive loads of larger and smaller magnitudes were not successful in attenuating aggression.

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Watson, Poppy, Daniel Pearson, Michelle Chow, Jan Theeuwes, Reinout W. Wiers, Steven B. Most, and Mike E. Le Pelley. "Capture and Control: Working Memory Modulates Attentional Capture by Reward-Related Stimuli." Psychological Science 30, no. 8 (July 3, 2019): 1174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619855964.

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Physically salient but task-irrelevant distractors can capture attention in visual search, but resource-dependent, executive-control processes can help reduce this distraction. However, it is not only physically salient stimuli that grab our attention: Recent research has shown that reward history also influences the likelihood that stimuli will capture attention. Here, we investigated whether resource-dependent control processes modulate the effect of reward on attentional capture, much as for the effect of physical salience. To this end, we used eye tracking with a rewarded visual search task and compared performance under conditions of high and low working memory load. In two experiments, we demonstrated that oculomotor capture by high-reward distractor stimuli is enhanced under high memory load. These results highlight the role of executive-control processes in modulating distraction by reward-related stimuli. Our findings have implications for understanding the neurocognitive processes involved in real-life conditions in which reward-related stimuli may influence behavior, such as addiction.

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Parmentier, Fabrice B. R., and Pilar Andrés. "The Involuntary Capture of Attention by Sound." Experimental Psychology 57, no. 1 (October 1, 2010): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000009.

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The presentation of auditory oddball stimuli (novels) among otherwise repeated sounds (standards) triggers a well-identified chain of electrophysiological responses: The detection of acoustic change (mismatch negativity), the involuntary orientation of attention to (P3a) and its reorientation from the novel. Behaviorally, novels reduce performance in an unrelated visual task (novelty distraction). Past studies of the cross-modal capture of attention by acoustic novelty have typically discarded from their analysis the data from the standard trials immediately following a novel, despite some evidence in mono-modal oddball tasks of distraction extending beyond the presentation of deviants/novels (postnovelty distraction). The present study measured novelty and postnovelty distraction and examined the hypothesis that both types of distraction may be underpinned by common frontally-related processes by comparing young and older adults. Our data establish that novels delayed responses not only on the current trial and but also on the subsequent standard trial. Both of these effects increased with age. We argue that both types of distraction relate to the reconfiguration of task-sets and discuss this contention in relation to recent electrophysiological studies.

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Gaspar, John M., and John J. McDonald. "High Level of Trait Anxiety Leads to Salience-Driven Distraction and Compensation." Psychological Science 29, no. 12 (November 2, 2018): 2020–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618807166.

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Individuals with high levels of anxiety are hypothesized to have impaired executive control functions that would otherwise enable efficient filtering of irrelevant information. Pinpointing specific deficits is difficult, however, because anxious individuals may compensate for deficient control functions by allocating greater effort. Here, we used event-related-potential indices of attentional selection (the N2pc) and suppression (the PD) to determine whether high trait anxiety is associated with a deficit in preventing the misallocation of attention to salient, but irrelevant, visual search distractors. Like their low-anxiety counterparts ( n = 19), highly anxious individuals ( n = 19) were able to suppress the distractor, as evidenced by the presence of a PD. Critically, however, the distractor was found to trigger an earlier N2pc in the high-anxiety group but not in the low-anxiety group. These findings indicate that, whereas individuals with low anxiety can prevent distraction in a proactive fashion, anxious individuals deal with distractors only after they have diverted attention.

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Haensly, Patricia. "Balancing a Culture of Distraction with Guided Attention for Gifted Exploration and Reflection." Gifted Child Today 26, no. 4 (October 2003): 30–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4219/gct-2003-117.

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As I was looking for relevant material for the Adolescent Psychology course I teach, my attention was drawn to a book by Thomas Cottle, Mind Fields: Adolescent Consciousness in a Culture of Distraction (2001). Frost's quotation is in the frontispiece, and his words seemed so relevant to the topic I intended to develop in this issue's parent column and is stated with so much elegance, that I couldn't resist using it to initiate an exploration of the roles of distraction, attention, exploration, and reflection in our attempts, as both parents and teachers, to foster the development of gifted potential in our children.

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Godwin, Karrie E., Lucy C. Erickson, and Rochelle S. Newman. "Insights From Crossing Research Silos on Visual and Auditory Attention." Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 1 (November 16, 2018): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721418807725.

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Many learning tasks that children encounter necessitate the ability to direct and sustain attention to key aspects of the environment while simultaneously tuning out irrelevant features. This is challenging for at least two reasons: (a) The ability to regulate and sustain attention follows a protracted developmental time course, and (b) children spend much of their time in environments not optimized for learning—homes and schools are often chaotic, cluttered, and noisy. Research on these issues is often siloed; that is, researchers tend to examine the relationship among attention, distraction, and learning in only the auditory or the visual domain, but not both together. We provide examples in which auditory and visual aspects of learning each have strong implications for the other. Research examining how visual information and auditory information are distracting can benefit from cross-fertilization. Integrating across research silos informs our understanding of attention and learning, yielding more efficacious guidance for caregivers, educators, developers, and policymakers.

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SanMiguel, Iria, David Linden, and Carles Escera. "Attention capture by novel sounds: Distraction versus facilitation." European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 22, no. 4 (June 2010): 481–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541440902930994.

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Li, Biqin, Fabrice B. R. Parmentier, and Ming Zhang. "Behavioral Distraction by Auditory Deviance Is Mediated by the Sound’s Informational Value *Li and Parmentier share the first authorship of this study." Experimental Psychology 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000196.

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Sounds deviating from an otherwise repetitive background in some task-irrelevant respect (deviant sounds among standard sounds) capture attention in an obligatory fashion and result in behavioral distraction in an ongoing task. Traditionally, such distraction has been considered as the ineluctable consequence of the deviant sound’s low probability of occurrence relative to that of the standard. Recent evidence from a cross-modal oddball task challenged this idea by showing that deviant sounds only yield distraction in a visual task when auditory distractors (standards and deviants) announce with certainty the imminent presentation of a target stimulus (event information), regardless of whether they predict the target’s temporal onset (temporal information). The present study sought to test for the first time whether this finding may be generalized to a purely auditory oddball task in which distractor and target information form part of the same perceptual stimulus. Participants were asked to judge whether a sound starting from a central location moved left or right while ignoring rare and unpredictable changes in the sound’s identity. By manipulating the temporal and probabilistic relationship between sound onset and movement onset, we disentangled the roles of event and temporal information and found that, as in the auditory-visual oddball task, deviance distraction is mediated by the extent to which distractor information harbingers the presentation of the target information (event information). This finding suggests that the provision of event information by auditory distractors is a fundamental prerequisite of behavioral deviance distraction.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attention. Distraction (Psychology)"

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Hirsh, Adam Harrison. "Visual Attention and Distraction: Contribution of Orexins." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626672.

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Vatterott, Daniel Brown. "Learning to overcome distraction." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1784.

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Complex behaviors require selectively attending to task-relevant items, and ignoring conspicuous, irrelevant items. For example, driving requires selectively attending to other cars on the road while ignoring flashing billboards. Dominant models of attentional control posit that we avoid distraction by biasing attention towards task-relevant items, and our ability to avoid distraction depends on the strength and specificity of this bias. I find that a strong, specific bias towards task-relevant items is insufficient for preventing distraction. Instead, preventing distraction also requires past experience ignoring distractors. I also find that long-term memory systems, rather than visual short-term memory or priming memory systems, maintain this experience. Based upon these findings, I propose that effective attentional control not only demands a strong, specific bias towards task-relevant items, but also requires that observers learn to ignore conspicuous, irrelevant items.

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Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, Brenda J. Salley, and Andrea D. Clements. "Temperament, Distraction, and Learning in Toddlerhood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4900.

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The word- and nonword-learning abilities of toddlers were tested under various conditions of environmental distraction, and evaluated with respect to children's temperamental attentional focus. Thirty-nine children and their mothers visited the lab at child age 21-months, where children were exposed to fast-mapping word-learning trials and nonlinguistic sequential learning trials. It was found that both word- and nonword-learning were adversely affected by the presentation of environmental distractions. But it was also found that the effect of the distractions sometimes depended on children's level of attentional focus. Specifically, children high in attentional focus were less affected by environmental distractions than children low in attentional focus when attempting to learn from a model, whereas children low in attentional focus demonstrated little learning from the model. Translationally, these results may be of use to child health-care providers investigating possible sources of cognitive and language delay.

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Kyle, Brandon N. "Effect of acceptance, distraction, and sensory monitoring on acute pain and attention." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5171.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 105 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-63).

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Leever, William J. "The Effects of Attention Control on Emotion Regulation." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1459345217.

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Jardine, Nicole. "Surface structure and saccadic control." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6147.

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Saccadic eye movements are guided by attention. Indeed, some saccade trajectory effects serve as an index the attentional strength of visual objects in the map of visual space used to plan a saccade. One approach to understanding saccade planning relies on simple tasks in sparse displays (containing a single target and distractor object) to develop neurophysiologically plausible models of saccade behavior. Under tightly controlled conditions, saccade trajectories can be well predicted by representing displays of objects with simple visual features and their relative salience. But the world in which the saccade system typically operates is not sparse, and observer eye movements are guided by more than just salience. As such, another approach has been to examine saccadic behavior in complex scenes and complicated goals. Such scene context can drastically affect saccades in ways that are not well predicted by a context-free and expectation-free representation of visual salience. This dissertation starts to bridge this gap between these literatures by focusing on object surfaces. Covert shifts of attention operate on representations informed not just by stimulus salience and location-based expectations, but also by the perceptual organization of object surfaces. Covert attention can be guided by surface context, such that targets and distractors are processed differently as a function of whether they are on the same or different surface. These effects are fragile, however, and have previously only been demonstrated in relatively engaging tasks and with strong perceptions of objecthood. The present work tested the strength of the relationship between attention and saccades by testing whether surface context guides orienting eye movements. Observers made saccades to objects that could be organized with different surface structure. In four experiments (Chapters 2 and 3) I found no evidence that the saccade map encoded surface context. But in two experiments (Chapters 4 and 5) I demonstrate saccade trajectories are sensitive to surface context, independently of low or high task engagement. This demonstrates that object surface-based representations are not necessarily fragile and can affect the oculomotor map even for simple saccadic orienting for which the surface is task-irrelevant. This lends evidence to the theory that the nature of the representation of vision is one of object surfaces, and suggests that the strength of object encoding is stronger than has been previously demonstrated.

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Anderson, Brian A. "Explaining variations in the magnitude of attentional capture new tests of a two-process model /." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1707419901&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Hutcheon, Thomas Gordon. "Assessing the Durablity and Time Course of Stimulus-driven Control." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51840.

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The term cognitive control refers to a variety of mental processes that support goal-directed behavior. In the current dissertation, I focus on the role of cognitive control in situations where a weaker (but task-relevant) source of information must be selected over a stronger (but task-irrelevant) source of information. The efficiency with which individuals select information in the face of distraction has classically been viewed as a function of static control settings tied to task instructions. Recent evidence suggests, however, that variations in the efficiency of cognitive control can be induced by variations in stimulus experience and that multiple control settings may be maintained for a single task. To date, little is known about the mechanisms that support this more flexible form of control. Across six experiments, I find evidence for the formation of multiple control settings that are relatively long lasting but fragile. Multiple control settings can be maintained within a single experiment and can last over relatively long periods of time, however, without the proper contextual support these control settings fall apart. These results emphasize the important role of stimulus experience in studies of cognitive control.

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Babcock, Elizabeth Ann Heider. "Controlling distraction on the Internet an investigation into the mechanisms involved in minimizing the influence of Internet ads on an information searching task /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Oliver, Jason A. "Visual Search for Smoking Stimuli: Detection and Distraction." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3268.

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Extensive research has shown that the attentional systems of addicted individuals are biased towards drug-related stimuli, but despite several decades of effort these results have frequently been inconsistent. Though commonly believed to result from addiction and dependence, cognitive research would suggest that frequent exposure to drug-related stimuli could affect the attentional processing of drug-related cues even if no actual drug use occurs. The present investigation examined attentional bias for smoking cues using a novel visual search paradigm amongst smokers currently in nicotine withdrawal and fully satiated smokers, as well as a non-smoker control group. Variables related to smoking behavior, as well as exposure to smoking stimuli independent of drug use were examined as predictors of task performance. Results revealed that participants were faster to detect smoking cues amongst a grid of distracting images relative to neutral cues, but that this effect was not specific to smokers. No consistent pattern emerged when smoking cues were used as distractors, indicating that attentional bias mainly operated to facilitate initial orienting to smoking cues on this task. Smoking-behavior variables were not associated with task performance. However, the amount of environmental exposure to smoking stimuli was strongly associated with performance, independent of smoking status. As environmental exposure has not been directly assessed in prior research on attentional bias, this raises questions about the interpretation of previous findings including the notion that it accurately taps constructs directly related to drug dependence. Future research should determine if exposure serves as an equally powerful predictor across traditional measures of attentional bias. If so, theoretical work should be reformulated to account for the notion that attentional bias may not develop as a result of addiction, though may still play a role in maintaining addictive behavior.

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Books on the topic "Attention. Distraction (Psychology)"

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Distraction. Durham: Acumen, 2010.

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name, No. Attraction, distraction and action: Multiple perspectives on attentional capture. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.

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Pat, Williams. Extreme focus: Harnessing the life-changing power to achieve your dreams. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc., 2011.

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Aurence, Philippe. Améliorer sa concentration. Outremont, Québec: Québecor, 2007.

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Hallowell, Edward M. Driven to distraction. New York: Pantheon Books, 1994.

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Consider: Harnessing the power of reflective thinking in your organization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Bregman, Peter. 18 minutes: Find your focus, master distraction, and get the right things done. New York: Business Plus, 2011.

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Hallowell, Edward M. Driven to distraction: Recognizing and coping with attention deficit disorder from childhood through adulthood. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

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Hallowell, Edward M. Driven to distraction: The experience and treatment of attention deficit disorder in children and adults. New York: Pantheon Books, 1994.

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Jackson, Maggie. Distracted: The erosion of attention and the coming Dark Age. Amherst, N.Y: Prometheus Books, 2008.

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