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Journal articles on the topic 'Attentional control functions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Mackie, Melissa-Ann, Nicholas T. Van Dam, and Jin Fan. "Cognitive control and attentional functions." Brain and Cognition 82, no. 3 (2013): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2013.05.004.

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Drigas, Athanasios, and Maria Karyotaki. "Attentional Control and other Executive Functions." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 12, no. 03 (2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i03.6587.

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Current article aims to shed light on the reciprocal relation between attentional control and emotional regulation. More specifically, there is a verified relation between attention and cognitive, metacognitive and emotional processes, such as memory, perception, reasoning as well as inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, self-monitoring and positive moods. In addition, positive mood has been already reciprocally related to a broad attentional scope as well as to an increased cognitive flexibility. Future research should focus on the effects of attentional control on cognitive control proc

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KOSCHACK, J., H. J. KUNERT, G. DERICHS, G. WENIGER, and E. IRLE. "Impaired and enhanced attentional function in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 3 (2003): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702007067.

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Background. The symptom domain of inattention in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggests that there are neuropsychological fields of attention in which subjects with ADHD express deficits. However, studies using differentiated neuropsychological attentional tests in ADHD are lacking.Method. A consecutive series of 35 subjects with ADHD aged 9–12 years were assessed on a computer-driven neuropsychological test battery for attentional functions. Their performance was classified according to the data of a normative sample of 187 healthy subjects aged 9–12 years, and compared with

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Oosterman, Joukje M., Laura C. Derksen, Albert JM van Wijck, Roy PC Kessels, and Dieuwke S. Veldhuijzen. "Executive and Attentional Functions in Chronic Pain: Does Performance Decrease with Increasing Task Load?" Pain Research and Management 17, no. 3 (2012): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/962786.

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BACKGROUND: Diminished executive function and attentional control has been reported in chronic pain patients. However, the precise pattern of impairment in these aspects of cognition in chronic pain remains unclear. Moreover, a decline in psychomotor speed could potentially influence executive and attentional control performance in pain patients.OBJECTIVE: To examine different aspects of executive and attentional control in chronic pain together with the confounding role of psychomotor slowing.METHODS: Neuropsychological tests of sustained attention, planning ability, inhibition and mental fle

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Salomone, Simona, Grainne R. Fleming, Jessica Bramham, Redmond G. O’Connell, and Ian H. Robertson. "Neuropsychological Deficits in Adult ADHD: Evidence for Differential Attentional Impairments, Deficient Executive Functions, and High Self-Reported Functional Impairments." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 10 (2016): 1413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715623045.

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Objective: This study is aimed to investigate neuropsychological deficits in adult ADHD. Method: Neuropsychological deficits in terms of executive functions, divided, selective, and sustained attention, were investigated in a group of adults with ADHD using a series of neuropsychological tests as well as electroencephalography (EEG). Subjective ratings of everyday life attention and memory problems were also collected. Results: Adults with ADHD showed impairments in executive functions, divided attention and sustained attention, compared with adult controls. Performance on selective attention

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Sylvain-Roy, Stéphanie, Ovidiu Lungu, and Sylvie Belleville. "Normal Aging of the Attentional Control Functions That Underlie Working Memory." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 70, no. 5 (2014): 698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt166.

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SOVERI, ANNA, MATTI LAINE, HEIKKI HÄMÄLÄINEN, and KENNETH HUGDAHL. "Bilingual advantage in attentional control: Evidence from the forced-attention dichotic listening paradigm." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14, no. 3 (2010): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728910000118.

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It has been claimed that due to their experience in controlling two languages, bilinguals exceed monolinguals in certain executive functions, especially inhibition of task-irrelevant stimuli. Here we investigated the effects of bilingualism on an executive phonological task, namely the forced-attention dichotic listening task with syllabic stimuli. In the standard non-forced (NF) condition, the participants reported all syllables they heard, be it from the right or the left ear. In the forced-right (FR) and forced-left (FL) attention conditions, they had to direct their attention to either the

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Albrecht, B., D. Brandeis, H. Uebel, et al. "Familiality of neural preparation and response control in childhood attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 9 (2012): 1997–2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171200270x.

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BackgroundPatients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit difficulties in multiple attentional functions. Although high heritability rates suggest a strong genetic impact, aetiological pathways from genes and environmental factors to the ADHD phenotype are not well understood. Tracking the time course of deviant task processing using event-related electrophysiological brain activity should characterize the impact of familiality on the sequence of cognitive functions from preparation to response control in ADHD.MethodPreparation and response control were assessed using beh

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Healy, Brian, Aaron Treadwell, and Mandy Reagan. "Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions." Journal of Psychophysiology 25, no. 4 (2011): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000053.

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The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that

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Chevalier, Nicole, Véronique Parent, Mélanie Rouillard, France Simard, Marie-Claude Guay, and Claudia Verret. "The Impact of a Motor-Cognitive Remediation Program on Attentional Functions of Preschoolers With ADHD Symptoms." Journal of Attention Disorders 21, no. 13 (2012): 1121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054712468485.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the motor-cognitive remediation program (MCRP) that uses sensorimotor and visual-motor imagery techniques on attentional functions in preschoolers with ADHD symptoms. Method: A total of 15 high-risk preschoolers were selected based on high ADHD symptoms. An experimental group participated in the MCRP and was compared with a control group. The MCRP consisted of 30 activities, 3 times a week, during 12 weeks. Results: Children in the experimental group improved significantly for orienting (selective attention) and executive contro

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Lu, Hanna, Sandra S. M. Chan, Ada W. T. Fung, and Linda C. W. Lam. "Efficiency of Attentional Components in Elderly with Mild Neurocognitive Disorders Shown by the Attention Network Test." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 41, no. 1-2 (2016): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441350.

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Aims: Complex attention, serving as a main diagnostic item of mild neurocognitive disorders (NCD), has been reported to be susceptible to pathological ageing. This study aimed to evaluate the attention network functions in older adults with subtypes of NCD. Methods: 36 adults with NCD due to Alzheimer's disease (NCD-AD), 31 adults with NCD due to vascular disease (NCD-vascular) and 137 healthy controls were recruited. Attention Network Test (ANT) was conducted to assess the efficiency of alerting, orienting and executive control. Results: Significant between-group differences were found in exe

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Richard, Geneviève, Anders Petersen, Kristine Moe Ulrichsen, et al. "TVA-based modeling of short-term memory capacity, speed of processing and perceptual threshold in chronic stroke patients undergoing cognitive training: case-control differences, reliability, and associations with cognitive performance." PeerJ 8 (October 28, 2020): e9948. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9948.

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Attentional deficits following stroke are common and pervasive, and are important predictors for functional recovery. Attentional functions comprise a set of specific cognitive processes allowing to attend, filter and select among a continuous stream of stimuli. These mechanisms are fundamental for more complex cognitive functions such as learning, planning and cognitive control, all crucial for daily functioning. The distributed functional neuroanatomy of these processes is a likely explanation for the high prevalence of attentional impairments following stroke, and underscores the importance

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Kam, Julia W. Y., Elizabeth Dao, Maria Stanciulescu, Hamish Tildesley, and Todd C. Handy. "Mind Wandering and the Adaptive Control of Attentional Resources." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 6 (2013): 952–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00375.

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Mind wandering is a natural, transient state wherein our neurocognitive systems become temporarily decoupled from the external sensory environment as our thoughts drift away from the current task at hand. Yet despite the ubiquity of mind wandering in everyday human life, we rarely seem impaired in our ability to adaptively respond to the external environment when mind wandering. This suggests that despite widespread neurocognitive decoupling during mind wandering states, we may nevertheless retain some capacity to attentionally monitor external events. But what specific capacities? In Experime

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Van den Driessche, Charlotte, Mikaël Bastian, Hugo Peyre, et al. "Attentional Lapses in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Blank Rather Than Wandering Thoughts." Psychological Science 28, no. 10 (2017): 1375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617708234.

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People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties sustaining their attention on external tasks. Such attentional lapses have often been characterized as the simple opposite of external sustained attention, but the different types of attentional lapses, and the subjective experiences to which they correspond, remain unspecified. In this study, we showed that unmedicated children (ages 6–12) with ADHD, when probed during a standard go/no-go task, reported more mind blanking (a mental state characterized by the absence of reportable content) than did control participan

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Casagrande, Maria, Francesca Agostini, Francesca Favieri, et al. "Age-Related Changes in Hemispherical Specialization for Attentional Networks." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091115.

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Many cognitive functions face a decline in the healthy elderly. Within the cognitive domains, both attentional processes and executive functions are impaired with aging. Attention includes three attentional networks, i.e., alerting, orienting, and executive control, showing a hemispheric lateralized pattern in adults. This lateralized pattern could play a role in modulating the efficiency of attentional networks. For these reasons, it could be relevant to analyze the age-related change of the hemispheric specialization of attentional networks. This study aims to clarify this aspect with a late

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Timarová, Šárka, Ivana Čeňková, Reine Meylaerts, Erik Hertog, Arnaud Szmalec, and Wouter Duyck. "Simultaneous interpreting and working memory executive control." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 16, no. 2 (2014): 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.16.2.01tim.

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Working memory is a complex cognitive component responsible for maintenance of information during processing. Interpreting research has so far focused on working memory capacity rather than on the central executive functions. In the study described here, 28 professional interpreters completed a battery of four central executive tasks and three simultaneous interpretations (from English into Czech or Dutch ‘A’). The results show that: (a) certain measurable features of simultaneous interpreting are related to the central executive functions of working memory; (b) one working memory function (in

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Wang, Hongbin, and Jin Fan. "Human Attentional Networks: A Connectionist Model." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 10 (2007): 1678–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.10.1678.

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Recent evidence in cognitive neuroscience has suggested that attention is a complex organ system subserved by at least three attentional networks in the brain, for alerting, orienting, and executive control functions. However, how these different networks work together to give rise to the seemingly unitary mental faculty of attention remains unclear. We describe a connectionist model of human attentional networks to explore the possible interplays among the networks from a computational perspective. This model is developed in the framework of leabra (local, error-driven, and associative, biolo

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Fajkowska, Małgorzata, and Douglas Derryberry. "Psychometric properties of Attentional Control Scale: The preliminary study on a Polish sample." Polish Psychological Bulletin 41, no. 1 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10059-010-0001-7.

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Psychometric properties of Attentional Control Scale: The preliminary study on a Polish sample The presented study was focused primarily on a psychometric analysis of the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), but they also enhanced the understanding of the role of effortful attentional skills in determining the individual well-being, general adaptation or emotional disorders. The analyses included basic item and scale descriptions as well as convergent and discriminant validity. 218 Polish undergraduate students completed the battery of the self-report techniques and two paper —pencil attentional t

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Huertas, Florentino, Javier Zahonero, Daniel Sanabria, and Juan Lupiáñez. "Functioning of the Attentional Networks at Rest vs. During Acute Bouts of Aerobic Exercise." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 33, no. 5 (2011): 649–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.5.649.

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The present study explored the effects of three different activity conditions on three attentional functions: alerting, orienting, and executive control. A group of highly experienced cyclists performed the Attention Network Test–Interactions (Callejas, Lupiáñez, & Tudela, 2004) at rest, during moderate aerobic exercise, and during intense aerobic exercise. Results indicated that aerobic exercise accelerated reaction time and reduced the alerting effect compared with the rest condition. However, aerobic exercise did not modulate the functioning of either the orienting or the executive cont

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Wascher, Edmund, and Stephan Getzmann. "Rapid Mental Fatigue Amplifies Age-Related Attentional Deficits." Journal of Psychophysiology 28, no. 3 (2014): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000127.

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Deficient information processing with increasing age has been assigned to reduced efficiency in frontal executive control functions. Dopamine has been assumed to play a central role for this decline. Dopamine, however, is also essential for the maintenance of motivation for a longer period of time and is therefore a core factor for mental fatigue. Combining these two findings, we tested to what degree older adults are more prone to performance loss due to increasing time on task than younger adults. Twelve younger and twelve older participants performed an inhibition of return task for 80 min.

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Urbanek, Carsten, Nicholetta Weinges-Evers, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, et al. "Attention Network Test reveals alerting network dysfunction in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 16, no. 1 (2009): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458509350308.

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Attention is one of the cognitive domains typically affected in multiple sclerosis. The Attention Network Test was developed to measure the function of the three distinct attentional networks, alerting, orienting, and executive control. The Attention Network Test has been performed in various neuropsychiatric conditions, but not in multiple sclerosis. Our objective was to investigate functions of attentional networks in multiple sclerosis by means of the Attention Network Test. Patients with relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis (n = 57) and healthy controls (n = 57) matched for age, sex, and

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Föcker, Julia, Matin Mortazavi, Wayne Khoe, Steven A. Hillyard, and Daphne Bavelier. "Neural Correlates of Enhanced Visual Attentional Control in Action Video Game Players: An Event-Related Potential Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 3 (2019): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01230.

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Action video game players (AVGPs) outperform non–action video game players (NAVGPs) on a range of perceptual and attentional tasks. Although several studies have reported neuroplastic changes within the frontoparietal networks of attention in AVGPs, little is known about possible changes in attentional modulation in low-level visual areas. To assess the contribution of these different levels of neural processing to the perceptual and attentional enhancements noted in AVGPs, visual event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 14 AVGPs and 14 NAVGPs during a target discrimination task that

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Wiegand, Iris, Natan Napiórkowski, Thomas Töllner, et al. "Event-related Electroencephalographic Lateralizations Mark Individual Differences in Spatial and Nonspatial Visual Selection." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 4 (2018): 482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01221.

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Selective attention controls the distribution of our visual system's limited processing resources to stimuli in the visual field. Two independent parameters of visual selection can be quantified by modeling an individual's performance in a partial-report task based on the computational theory of visual attention (TVA): (i) top–down control α, the relative attentional weighting of relevant over irrelevant stimuli, and (ii) spatial bias wλ, the relative attentional weighting of stimuli in the left versus right hemifield. In this study, we found that visual event-related electroencephalographic l

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von Bueren Jarchow, Astrid, Bogdan P. Radanov, and Lutz Jäncke. "Pain Influences Several Levels of Attention." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 16, no. 4 (2005): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.16.4.235.

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Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine to what extent chronic pain has an impact on various attentional processes. To measure these attention processes a set of experimental standard tests of the “Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung” (TAP), a neuropsychological battery testing different levels of attention, were used: alertness, divided attention, covert attention, vigilance, visual search, and Go-NoGo tasks. 24 chronic outpatients and 24 well-matched healthy control subjects were tested. The control subjects were matched for age, gender, and education. The group of chronic

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Pedron, Ana Cristina, Ygor Arzeno Ferrão, Léia Gonçalves Gurgel, and Caroline Tozzi Reppold. "Relations Between Executive Functions and Different Symptomatic Dimensions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 25, no. 61 (2015): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272561201511.

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There is no consensus in the literature as to neuropsychological functioning, the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and the definitions of the OCS dimensions. We conducted a cross-sectional study investigating the relationship between executive function and OCS severity in the various dimensions, according to the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale criteria. We evaluated 28 patients with OCS, using eight neuropsychological instruments to evaluate executive function. We found that OCS severity in the contamination/cleaning dimension correlates negatively with executi

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FILOTEO, J. VINCENT, DEAN C. DELIS, DAVID P. SALMON, THERESA DEMADURA, MARY J. ROMAN, and CLIFFORD W. SHULTS. "An examination of the nature of attentional deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease: Evidence from a spatial orienting task." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 3, no. 4 (1997): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617797003378.

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Endogenous and exogenous shifts of attention were examined in nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In the endogenous condition, an arrow was used to cue participants' attention to the possible location of an impending target, whereas in the exogenous condition, a brightened box was used to cue attention. Cues were either valid (i.e., the target appeared in the cued location) or invalid (i.e., the target appeared in a noncued location). The time between cue onset and target onset (stimulus onset asynchrony or SOA) was varied in each condition. The results indicated that PD patien

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Hagström, Kati, Outi Saarenpää-Heikkilä, Sari-Leena Himanen, Anna-Maria Lampinlampi, and Kati Rantanen. "Neurobehavioral Outcomes in School-Aged Children with Primary Snoring." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 4 (2019): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz053.

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Abstract Objective We assess behavioral and attentional problems and neurocognitive functioning in school-aged children with primary snoring (PS). Methods Seventeen children with PS and 27 non-snoring peers aged 6–10 years took part in the study. All children underwent a polysomnography (PSG) at the Sleep Laboratory. Snoring was defined by parents and with PSG. Children with obstructive sleep apnea were excluded. The parents completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Parents and teachers assessed behavioral and attentional problems with the Child Behavior Checklist and the Conners’ Ra

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Liang, Chi-Wen. "Attentional control deficits in social anxiety: Investigating inhibition and shifting functions using a mixed antisaccade paradigm." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 60 (September 2018): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.03.004.

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Matusz, Pawel J., Nora Turoman, Ruxandra I. Tivadar, Chrysa Retsa, and Micah M. Murray. "Brain and Cognitive Mechanisms of Top–Down Attentional Control in a Multisensory World: Benefits of Electrical Neuroimaging." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 3 (2019): 412–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01360.

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In real-world environments, information is typically multisensory, and objects are a primary unit of information processing. Object recognition and action necessitate attentional selection of task-relevant from among task-irrelevant objects. However, the brain and cognitive mechanisms governing these processes remain not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that attentional selection of visual objects is controlled by integrated top–down audiovisual object representations (“attentional templates”) while revealing a new brain mechanism through which they can operate. In multistimulus (visual)

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Johnsen, Grethe E., Pushpa Kanagaratnam, and Arve E. Asbjørnsen. "Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Show Decreased Cognitive Control: Evidence from Dichotic Listening." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 17, no. 2 (2011): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710001736.

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AbstractThe influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on cognitive control and auditory attention modulation was examined with the use of a dichotic-listening (DL) task. The participants were 45 war-exposed refugees. The PTSD group comprised 22 participants meeting the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and the Control group comprised 23 war-exposed participants without PTSD. Both groups were tested with a consonant–vowel syllables DL task under three different attentional instructions. The two groups did not differ in the non-forced and forced-right conditions and showed, as expected, right-ea

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Sano, Mary, Wilma Rosen, Yaakov Stern, Jeffrey Rosen, and Richard Mayeux. "Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1, no. 1 (1995): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700000102.

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AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive decline in memory, language and other cognitive functions. Deficits in attentional processes have also been suggested. A simple reaction time (RT) task was used to assess global attention in AD. The length and consistency of a warning signal given prior to the response stimulus were manipulated to determine if patients with AD and age-matched controls benefit from predictability in RT tasks. Overall reaction time was slower in the AD group than in the and control group. Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in RT with

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André, Nathalie, Claude Ferrand, Cédric Albinet, and Michel Audiffren. "Cognitive Strategies and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Discriminant Analysis." Journal of Aging Research 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8917535.

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Background. Although a number of studies have examined sociodemographic, psychosocial, and environmental determinants of the level of physical activity (PA) for older people, little attention has been paid to the predictive power of cognitive strategies for independently living older adults. However, cognitive strategies have recently been considered to be critical in the management of day-to-day living. Methods. Data were collected from 243 men and women aged 55 years and older living in France using face-to-face interviews between 2011 and 2013. Results. A stepwise discriminant analysis sele

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Yannick, Fogang Fogoum, Kamgang Fogoum Alain, Ndiaye Moustapha, Diop Amadou Gallo, and Ndiaye Mouhamadou Mansour. "Selective Attention and Mental Flexibility are Reduced during the Interictal Period in Migraine." European Neurological Review 10, no. 2 (2015): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2015.10.02.204.

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Background:Headache patients frequently complain about difficulties in attention and concentration, even when they are headache free, and psychometric studies concerning attentional deficits in migraine patients between attacks are scarce.Objective:To evaluate selective attention of migraine patients interictally and compare them with healthy volunteers.Patients and Methods:We performed, between February 2011 and July 2011, a case-control study including 45 university students suffering from migraine matched with 45 healthy students as controls. Migraine patients were evaluated in an intericta

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Ueber, Ralph, Tobias Stegmann, Zâine Brockmeyer, Matthias Berger, and Hans M. Olbrich. "Selective Memory Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Comparison with that Observed in Alcoholism." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 12, no. 1 (2001): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1016-264x.12.1.15.

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Abstract: This study assessed the pattern of memory performance both in working memory components and episodic long-term memory in a sample of 30 schizophrenic patients, showing intact intellectual and attentional functions. The patients were compared with 30 alcoholics and 30 normal control subjects, matched for age, sex and estimated premorbid IQ. Intellectual functions, assessed using a short form of WAIS, showed no deficits in estimated Full-Scale IQ between the three groups. Attention, working memory, verbal and visual long-term memory were assessed by the subtests of WMS-R. Schizophrenic

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Scala, Iris, Maria Pia Riccio, Maria Marino, Carmela Bravaccio, Giancarlo Parenti, and Pietro Strisciuglio. "Large Neutral Amino Acids (LNAAs) Supplementation Improves Neuropsychological Performances in Adult Patients with Phenylketonuria." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (2020): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041092.

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Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism diagnosed by newborn screening and treated early with diet. Although diet prevents intellectual disability, patients often show impairment of executive functions, working memory, sustained attention, and cognitive flexibility. Large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) have been proposed as a dietary supplement for PKU adults. Few studies show that LNAAs may help in improving metabolic control as well as cognitive functions. In this study, 10 adult PKU patients with poor metabolic control were treated for 12 months with LNAAs (MovisCo

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Wang, Lingxiao, Yifen Zhang, Xiao Lin, Hongli Zhou, Xiaoxia Du, and Guangheng Dong. "Group independent component analysis reveals alternation of right executive control network in Internet gaming disorder." CNS Spectrums 23, no. 5 (2017): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852917000360.

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ObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) showed attentional bias toward gaming-related cues and exhibited impaired executive functions. The purpose of this study was to explore the alternations in related functional brain networks underlying attentional bias in IGD subjects.MethodsEighteen IGD subjects and 19 healthy controls (HC) were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they were performing an addiction Stroop task. Networks of functional connectivity were identified using group independent component analysis (ICA).R

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Nazarboland, N. "Executive Functioning Impairments in Adolescents with Early Diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S217—S218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2200.

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Despite the neuropsychology literature provide reliable evidence of impaired executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it has not been determined whether these deficits are prior to onset of the disorder or they begin to appear as consequence. To investigate whether recent onset of OCD in adolescence is characterized by executive functioning difficulties in behavioral inhibition, attentional flexibility, and decision-making. Executive functions were compared in adolescents with recent (past year) appearance of OCD symptoms (n = 40) and control group (n = 40). Three computeriz

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Lu, Hanna, Ada W. T. Fung, Sandra S. M. Chan, and Linda C. W. Lam. "Disturbance of attention network functions in Chinese healthy older adults: an intra-individual perspective." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 2 (2015): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215001556.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Intra-individual variability (IIV) and the change of attentional functions have been reported to be susceptible to both healthy ageing and pathological ageing. The current study aimed to evaluate the IIV of attention and the age-related effect on alerting, orienting, and executive control in cognitively healthy older adults.Method:We evaluated 145 Chinese older adults (age range of 65–80 years, mean age of 72.41 years) with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and the Attention network test (ANT). A two-step strategy of analytical methods was used: Firstly, the IIV of

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Müller, Sandra Verena, Sönke Johannes, Berdieke Wieringa, et al. "Disturbed Monitoring and Response Inhibition in patients with Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome and Co-Morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder." Behavioural Neurology 14, no. 1-2 (2003): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/832906.

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Objective:Fronto-striatal dysfunction has been discussed as underlying symptoms of Tourette syndrome (TS) with co-morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This suggests possible impairments of executive functions in this disorder, which were therefore targeted in the present study.Results:A comprehensive series of neuropsychological tests examining attention, memory and executive functions was performed in a group of 14 TS/OCD in co-occurrence with OCD patients and a matched control group.Results:While attentional and memory mechanisms were not altered, TS/OCS patients showed deficits in ex

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Gaspar, John M., and John J. McDonald. "High Level of Trait Anxiety Leads to Salience-Driven Distraction and Compensation." Psychological Science 29, no. 12 (2018): 2020–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618807166.

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Individuals with high levels of anxiety are hypothesized to have impaired executive control functions that would otherwise enable efficient filtering of irrelevant information. Pinpointing specific deficits is difficult, however, because anxious individuals may compensate for deficient control functions by allocating greater effort. Here, we used event-related-potential indices of attentional selection (the N2pc) and suppression (the PD) to determine whether high trait anxiety is associated with a deficit in preventing the misallocation of attention to salient, but irrelevant, visual search di

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Lin, Hsiang-Yuan, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng, Meng-Chuan Lai, Kayako Matsuo, and Susan Shur-Fen Gau. "Altered Resting-State Frontoparietal Control Network in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 21, no. 4 (2015): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771500020x.

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AbstractThe frontoparietal control network, anatomically and functionally interposed between the dorsal attention network and default mode network, underpins executive control functions. Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly exhibit deficits in executive functions, which are mainly mediated by the frontoparietal control network. Involvement of the frontoparietal control network based on the anterior prefrontal cortex in neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD has yet to be tested. We used resting-state functional MRI and seed-based correlation analyses to investi

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Rushmore, R. J., J. A. McGaughy, A. C. Amaral, et al. "The neural basis of attentional alterations in prenatally protein malnourished rats." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 1 (2020): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa239.

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Abstract Protein malnutrition during gestation alters brain development and produces specific behavioral and cognitive changes that persist into adulthood and increase the risks of neuropsychiatric disorders. Given evidence for the role of the prefrontal cortex in such diseases, it is significant that studies in humans and animal models have shown that prenatal protein malnutrition specifically affects functions associated with prefrontal cortex. However, the neural basis underlying these changes is unclear. In the current study, prenatally malnourished and control rats performed a sustained a

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Duggan, Emily C., Mauricio A. Garcia-Barrera, and Ulrich Müller. "Derivation, Replication, and Validity Analyses of a Screener for the Behavioral Assessment of Executive Functions in Young Adults." Assessment 25, no. 7 (2016): 867–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116670511.

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Ecologically valid indicators of executive functions are designed to capture dysfunction not easily measured in a lab setting. Here, we present two studies on the development and validity analyses of a behavioral screener for executive functions among young adults. In Study 1, we derived a four-factor (problem solving, attentional control, behavioral control, and emotional control) behavioral screener using a sample of 765 individuals. We used invariance analyses to evaluate the screener’s measurement reliability across sex. In Study 2, we replicated the screener derivation analyses using an i

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Garland, Eric L. "Trait Mindfulness Predicts Attentional and Autonomic Regulation of Alcohol Cue-Reactivity." Journal of Psychophysiology 25, no. 4 (2011): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000060.

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The trait of mindfulness varies among meditation-naïve individuals and is associated with attentional and autonomic regulation, two neurocognitive functions that become impaired in addiction. It was hypothesized that alcohol dependent inpatients with comparatively high levels of trait mindfulness would exhibit significant autonomic recovery from stress-primed alcohol cues mediated by greater attentional disengagement from such cues. Fifty-eight alcohol dependent inpatients participated in affect-modulated psychophysiological cue-reactivity protocol and a spatial cueing task designed to assess

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Tommasi, Giorgio, Mirta Fiorio, Jérôme Yelnik, et al. "Disentangling the Role of Cortico-Basal Ganglia Loops in Top–Down and Bottom–Up Visual Attention: An Investigation of Attention Deficits in Parkinson Disease." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 6 (2015): 1215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00770.

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It is solidly established that top–down (goal-driven) and bottom–up (stimulus-driven) attention mechanisms depend on distributed cortical networks, including prefrontal and frontoparietal regions. On the other hand, it is less clear whether the BG also contribute to one or the other of these mechanisms, or to both. The current study was principally undertaken to clarify this issue. Parkinson disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the BG, has proven to be an effective model for investigating the contribution of the BG to different brain functions; therefore, we set out t

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Cepeda-Freyre, Héctor A., Gregorio Garcia-Aguilar, and J. Jacobo Oliveros-Oliveros. "Bayesian Modeling of Working Memory and Inhibitory Control." International Journal of Psychological Studies 10, no. 4 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v10n4p53.

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In cognitive science, working memory is a core cognitive ability that might be functionally related to other capacities, such as perceptual processes, inhibitory control, memory and attention processes and executive functions. The mathematical study of working memory has been explored before. However, there is not enough research aiming to study the relationship between working memory and inhibitory control. This is the objective of the present report. Bayesian hypothesis testing is often more robust than traditional p-value null hypothesis testing. Yet, the number of studies using this approa

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Yan, Lirong, Tiantian Wen, Jiawen Zhang, et al. "An Evaluation of Executive Control Function and Its Relationship with Driving Performance." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051763.

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The driver’s attentional state is a significant human factor in traffic safety. The executive control process is a crucial sub-function of attention. To explore the relationship between the driver’s driving performance and executive control function, a total of 35 healthy subjects were invited to take part in a simulated driving experiment and a task-cuing experiment. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their driving performance (aberrant driving behaviors, including lapses and errors) by the clustering method. Then the performance efficiency and electroencephalogram (EEG)

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YANG, HWAJIN, and SUJIN YANG. "Are all interferences bad? Bilingual advantages in working memory are modulated by varying demands for controlled processing." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20, no. 1 (2015): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000632.

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We investigated bilingual advantages in general control abilities using three complex-span tasks of working memory (WM). An operation-span task served as a baseline measure of WM capacity. Additionally, two modified versions of the Stroop-span task were designed to place varying attentional-control demands during memoranda encoding by asking participants either to read the to-be-remembered item aloud (lower cognitive control; i.e., Stroop-span task) or to name the font color of the to-be-remembered item while still encoding the word for later recall (greater cognitive control; i.e., attention-

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Zagaria, Tommasa, Gabriella Antonucci, Serafino Buono, Marilena Recupero, and Pierluigi Zoccolotti. "Executive Functions and Attention Processes in Adolescents and Young Adults with Intellectual Disability." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010042.

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(1) Background: We made a comprehensive evaluation of executive functions (EFs) and attention processes in a group of adolescents and young adults with mild intellectual disability (ID). (2) Methods: 27 adolescents and young adults (14 females and 13 males) with ID, aged between 15.1 and 23 years (M = 17.4; SD = 2.04), were compared to a control group free of cognitive problems and individually matched for gender and age. (3) Results: As for EFs, individuals with ID were severely impaired on all subtests of the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) battery. However, we also fou

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Brazo, P., R. M. Marié, I. Halbecq, et al. "Cognitive patterns in subtypes of schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 17, no. 3 (2002): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00648-x.

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SummaryAimBecause of the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, this study researched different cognitive patterns in distinct subtypes of schizophrenic patients.MethodsThirty-five Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV) schizophrenic patients and 35 healthy controls were included. Patients were categorized into deficit, disorganized and positive subtypes with the schedule for the deficit syndrome (SDS) and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Executive/attentional functions were assessed with the modified card sorting test (MCST), a test of verbal fluency, the trail making test (T

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