Relevant bibliographies by topics / Attentional enhancement of activity

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Attentional enhancement of activity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Attentional enhancement of activity"

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Quek, Genevieve, Dan Nemrodov, Bruno Rossion, and Joan Liu-Shuang. "Selective Attention to Faces in a Rapid Visual Stream: Hemispheric Differences in Enhancement and Suppression of Category-selective Neural Activity." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 3 (2018): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01220.

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In daily life, efficient perceptual categorization of faces occurs in dynamic and highly complex visual environments. Yet the role of selective attention in guiding face categorization has predominantly been studied under sparse and static viewing conditions, with little focus on disentangling the impact of attentional enhancement and suppression. Here we show that attentional enhancement and suppression exert a differential impact on face categorization supported by the left and right hemispheres. We recorded 128-channel EEG while participants viewed a 6-Hz stream of object images (buildings, animals, objects, etc.) with a face image embedded as every fifth image (i.e., OOOOFOOOOFOOOOF…). We isolated face-selective activity by measuring the response at the face presentation frequency (i.e., 6 Hz/5 = 1.2 Hz) under three conditions: Attend Faces, in which participants monitored the sequence for instances of female faces; Attend Objects, in which they responded to instances of guitars; and Baseline, in which they performed an orthogonal task on the central fixation cross. During the orthogonal task, face-specific activity was predominantly centered over the right occipitotemporal region. Actively attending to faces enhanced face-selective activity much more evidently in the left hemisphere than in the right, whereas attending to objects suppressed the face-selective response in both hemispheres to a comparable extent. In addition, the time courses of attentional enhancement and suppression did not overlap. These results suggest the left and right hemispheres support face-selective processing in distinct ways—where the right hemisphere is mandatorily engaged by faces and the left hemisphere is more flexibly recruited to serve current tasks demands.
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Johnson, Matthew R., and Marcia K. Johnson. "Top–Down Enhancement and Suppression of Activity in Category-selective Extrastriate Cortex from an Act of Reflective Attention." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 12 (2009): 2320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21183.

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Recent research has demonstrated top–down attentional modulation of activity in extrastriate category-selective visual areas while stimuli are in view (perceptual attention) and after they are removed from view (reflective attention). Perceptual attention is capable of both enhancing and suppressing activity in category-selective areas relative to a passive viewing baseline. In this study, we demonstrate that a brief, simple act of reflective attention (“refreshing”) is also capable of both enhancing and suppressing activity in some scene-selective areas (the parahippocampal place area [PPA]) but not others (refreshing resulted in enhancement but not in suppression in the middle occipital gyrus [MOG]). This suggests that different category-selective extrastriate areas preferring the same class of stimuli may contribute differentially to reflective processing of one's internal representations of such stimuli.
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van den Berg, Berry, Marlon de Jong, Marty G. Woldorff, and Monicque M. Lorist. "Caffeine Boosts Preparatory Attention for Reward-related Stimulus Information." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 1 (2021): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01630.

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The intake of caffeine and the prospect of reward have both been associated with increased arousal, enhanced attention, and improved behavioral performance on cognitive tasks, but how they interact to exert these effects is not well understood. To investigate this question, we had participants engage in a two-session cued-reward cognitive task while we recorded their electrical brain activity using scalp electroencephalography. The cue indicated whether monetary reward could be received for fast and accurate responses to a color–word Stroop stimulus that followed. Before each session, participants ingested decaffeinated coffee with either caffeine (3-mg/kg bodyweight) or placebo (3-mg/kg bodyweight lactose). The behavioral results showed that both caffeine and reward-prospect improved response accuracy and speed. In the brain, reward-prospect resulted in an enlarged frontocentral slow wave (contingent negative variation, or CNV) and reduced posterior alpha power (indicating increased cortical activity) before stimulus presentation, both neural markers for preparatory attention. Moreover, the CNV enhancement for reward-prospect trials was considerably more pronounced in the caffeine condition as compared to the placebo condition. These interactive neural enhancements due to caffeine and reward-prospect were mainly visible in preparatory attention activity triggered by the cue (CNV). In addition, some interactive neural enhancements in the processing of the Stroop target stimulus that followed were also observed. The results suggest that caffeine facilitates the neural processes underlying attentional preparation and stimulus processing, especially for task-relevant information.
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Martinovic, Jasna, Thomas Gruber, Kathrin Ohla, and Matthias M. Müller. "Induced Gamma-band Activity Elicited by Visual Representation of Unattended Objects." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 1 (2009): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21004.

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Object recognition is achieved through neural mechanisms reliant on the activity of distributed neural assemblies that are thought to be coordinated by synchronous firing in the gamma-band range (>20 Hz). An outstanding question focuses on the extent to which the role of gamma oscillations in object recognition is dependent on attention. Attentional mechanisms determine the allocation of perceptual resources to objects in complex scenes biasing the outcome of their mutual competitive interactions. Would object-related enhancements in gamma activity also occur for unattended objects when perceptual resources are traded off to the processing of concurrent visual material? The present electroencephalogram study investigated event-related potentials and evoked (time- and phase-locked) and induced (non-time- and phase-locked to stimulus onset) gamma-band activity (GBA) using a visual discrimination task of low or high perceptual load at fixation. The task was performed while task-irrelevant familiar or unfamiliar objects coappeared in the surrounding central area. Attentional focus was kept at fixation by varying perceptual load between trials; in such conditions, only holistic object processing or low-level perceptual processing, requiring little or no attention, are thought to occur. Although evoked GBA remained unmodulated, induced GBA enhancements, specific to familiar object presentations, were observed, thus providing evidence for cortical visual representation of unattended objects. In addition, the effect was mostly driven by object-specific activity under low load, implying that, in cluttered or complex scenes, attentional selection likely plays a more significant role in object representation.
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D'Angiulli, Amedeo, Dao Anh Thu Pham, Gerry Leisman, and Gary Goldfield. "Evaluating Preschool Visual Attentional Selective-Set: Preliminary ERP Modeling and Simulation of Target Enhancement Homology." Brain Sciences 10, no. 2 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10020124.

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We reanalyzed, modeled and simulated Event-Related Potential (ERP) data from 13 healthy children (Mean age = 5.12, Standard Deviation = 0.75) during a computerized visual sustained target detection task. Extending an ERP-based ACT–R (Adaptive Control of Thought–Rational) neurocognitive modeling approach, we tested whether visual sustained selective-set attention in preschool children involves the enhancement of neural response to targets, and it shows key adult-like features (neurofunctional homology). Blinded automatic peaks analysis was conducted on vincentized binned grand ERP averages. Time-course and distribution of scalp activity were detailed through topographic mapping and paths analysis. Reaction times and accuracy were also measured. Adult Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based mapping using ACT–R dipole source modeling and electric-field spiking simulation provided very good fit with the actual ERP data (R2 > 0.70). In most electrodes, between 50 and 400 ms, ERPs concurrent with target presentation were enhanced relative to distractor, without manual response confounds. Triangulation of peak analysis, ACT–R modeling and simulation for the entire ERP epochs up to the moment of manual response (~700 ms, on average) suggested converging evidence of distinct but interacting processes of enhancement and planning for response release/inhibition, respectively. The latter involved functions and structures consistent with adult ERP activity which might correspond to a large-scale network, implicating Dorsal and Ventral Attentional Networks, corticostriatal loops, and subcortical hubs connected to prefrontal cortex top-down working memory executive control. Although preliminary, the present approach suggests novel directions for further tests and falsifiable hypotheses on the origins and development of visual selective attention and their ERP correlates.
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Fenker, Daniela B., Julietta U. Frey, Hartmut Schuetze, Dorothee Heipertz, Hans-Jochen Heinze, and Emrah Duzel. "Novel Scenes Improve Recollection and Recall of Words." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 7 (2008): 1250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20086.

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Exploring a novel environment can facilitate subsequent hippocampal long-term potentiation in animals. We report a related behavioral enhancement in humans. In two separate experiments, recollection and free recall, both measures of hippocampus-dependent memory formation, were enhanced for words studied after a 5-min exposure to unrelated novel as opposed to familiar images depicting indoor and outdoor scenes. With functional magnetic resonance imaging, the enhancement was predicted by specific activity patterns observed during novelty exposure in parahippocampal and dorsal prefrontal cortices, regions which are known to be linked to attentional orienting to novel stimuli and perceptual processing of scenes. Novelty was also associated with activation of the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area of the midbrain and the hippocampus, but these activations did not correlate with contextual memory enhancement. These findings indicate remarkable parallels between contextual memory enhancement in humans and existing evidence regarding contextually enhanced hippocampal plasticity in animals. They provide specific behavioral clues to enhancing hippocampus-dependent memory in humans.
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Smith, A. T., P. L. Cotton, A. Bruno, and C. Moutsiana. "Dissociating Vision and Visual Attention in the Human Pulvinar." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 2 (2009): 917–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90963.2008.

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The pulvinar region of the thalamus has repeatedly been linked with the control of attention. However, the functions of the pulvinar remain poorly characterized, both in human and in nonhuman primates. In a functional MRI study, we examined the relative contributions to activity in the human posterior pulvinar made by visual drive (the presence of an unattended visual stimulus) and attention (covert spatial attention to the stimulus). In an event-related design, large optic flow stimuli were presented to the left and/or right of a central fixation point. When unattended, the stimuli robustly activated two regions of the pulvinar, one medial and one dorsal with respect to the lateral geniculate. The activity in both regions shows a strong contralateral bias, suggesting retinotopic organization. Primate physiology suggests that the two regions could be two portions of the same double map of the visual field. In our paradigm, attending to the stimulus enhanced the response by about 20%. Thus attention is not necessary to activate the human pulvinar and the degree of attentional enhancement matches, but does not exceed, that seen in the cortical regions with which the posterior pulvinar connects.
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Wauschkuhn, Bernd, Rolf Verleger, Edmund Wascher, et al. "Lateralized Human Cortical Activity for Shifting Visuospatial Attention and Initiating Saccades." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 6 (1998): 2900–2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.2900.

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Wauschkuhn, Bernd, Rolf Verleger, Edmund Wascher, Wolfgang Klostermann, Marcel Burk, Wolfgang Heide, and Detlef Kömpf. Lateralized human cortical activity for shifting visuospatial attention and initiating saccades. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2900–2910, 1998. The relation between shifts of visual attention and saccade preparation was investigated by studying their electrophysiological correlates in human scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG). Participants had to make saccades either to a saliently colored or to a gray circle, simultaneously presented in opposite visual hemifields, under different task instructions. EEG was measured within the short interval between stimulus onset and saccade, focusing on lateralized activity, contralateral either to the side of the relevant stimulus or to the direction of the saccade. Three components of lateralization were found: 1) activity contralateral to the relevant stimulus irrespective of saccade direction, peaking 250 ms after stimulus onset, largest above lateral parietal sites, 2) activity contralateral to the relevant stimulus if the stimulus was also the target of the saccade, largest 330–480 ms after stimulus onset, widespread over the scalp but with a focus again above lateral parietal sites, and 3) activity contralateral to saccade direction, beginning about 100 ms before the saccade, largest above mesial parietal sites, with some task-dependent fronto–central contribution. Because of their sensitivity to task variables, component 1 is interpreted as the shifting of attention to the relevant stimulus, component 2 is interpreted as reflecting the enhancement of the attentional shift if the relevant stimulus is also the saccade target, and component 3 is interpreted as the triggering signal for saccade execution. Thus human neurophysiological data provided evidence both for independent and interdependent processes of saccade preparation and shifts of visual attention.
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Woldorff, Marty G., Chad J. Hazlett, Harlan M. Fichtenholtz, Daniel H. Weissman, Anders M. Dale, and Allen W. Song. "Functional Parcellation of Attentional Control Regions of the Brain." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 1 (2004): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892904322755638.

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Recently, a number of investigators have examined the neural loci of psychological processes enabling the control of visual spatial attention using cued-attention paradigms in combination with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Findings from these studies have provided strong evidence for the involvement of a fronto-parietal network in attentional control. In the present study, we build upon this previous work to further investigate these attentional control systems. In particular, we employed additional controls for nonattentional sensory and interpretative aspects of cue processing to determine whether distinct regions in the fronto-parietal network are involved in different aspects of cue processing, such as cue-symbol interpretation and attentional orienting. In addition, we used shorter cue-target intervals that were closer to those used in the behavioral and event-related potential cueing literatures. Twenty participants performed a cued spatial attention task while brain activity was recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found functional specialization for different aspects of cue processing in the lateral and medial subregions of the frontal and parietal cortex. In particular, the medial subregions were more specific to the orienting of visual spatial attention, while the lateral subregions were associated with more general aspects of cue processing, such as cue-symbol interpretation. Additional cue-related effects included differential activations in midline frontal regions and pretarget enhancements in the thalamus and early visual cortical areas.
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Kim, Dae-wook, Oi Lun Li, and Nagahiro Saito. "Enhancement of ORR catalytic activity by multiple heteroatom-doped carbon materials." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 1 (2015): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03868a.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attentional enhancement of activity"

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Hahn, Britta. "Mechanisms of nicotine-induced attentional enhancement." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400578.

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Kovalenko, Lyudmyla. "The temporal interplay of vision and eye movements." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17507.

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Das visuelle System erreicht enorme Verarbeitungsmengen, wenn wir unsere Augen auf ein Objekt richten. Mehrere Prozesse sind aktiv bevor unser Blick das neue Objekt erreicht. Diese Arbeit erforscht die räumlichen und zeitlichen Eigenschaften drei solcher Prozesse: 1. aufmerksamkeitsbedingte Steigerung der neuronalen Aktivität und sakkadische Suppression; 2. aufmerksamkeitsbasierte Auswahl des Zielreizes bei einer visuellen Suchaufgabe; 3. zeitliche Entwicklung der Detektiongenauigkeit bei der Objekt-Substitutionsmaskierung. Wir untersuchten diese Prozesse mit einer Kombination aus humaner Elektroenzephalografie (EEG), eye tracking und psychophysischen Verhaltensmessungen. Zuerst untersuchten wir, wie die neuronale Repräsentation eines Reizes von seiner zeitlichen Nähe zur Sakkade geprägt wird. Wir zeigten, dass direkt vor der Sakkade erscheinende Reize am meisten durch Aufmerksamkeit und Suppression geprägt sind. In Studie 2 wurde die Sichtbarkeit des Reizes mit der Objekt-Substitutionsmaskierung verringert, und wir analysierten das Verhältnis zwischen sakkadischen Reaktionszeiten und ihrer Genauigkeit. Dazu erfassten wir neuronale Marker der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung zum Zielreiz und eine subjektive Bewertung seiner Wahrnehmbarkeit. Wir stellten fest, dass schnelle Sakkaden der Maskierung entgingen und Genauigkeit sowie subjektive Wahrnehmbarkeit erhöhten. Dies zeigt, dass bereits in frühen Verarbeitungsstadien eine bewusste und korrekte Wahrnehmung des Reizes entstehen kann. Wir replizierten diesen Befund für manuelle Antworten, um eine Verfälschung der Ergebnisse durch sakkadenspezifische Prozesse auszuschließen. Neben ihrer theoretischen Bedeutung liefern diese Studien einen methodischen Beitrag zum Forschungsgebiet der EEG-Augenbewegung: Entfernung sakkadischer Artefakte aus dem EEG bzw. Erstellung eines künstlichen Vergleichsdatensatzes. Die Arbeit stellt mehrere Ansätze zur Untersuchung der Dynamik visueller Wahrnehmung sowie Lösungen für zukünftige Studien dar.
The visual system achieves a tremendous amount of processing as soon as we set eyes on a new object. Numerous processes are active already before eyes reach the object. This thesis explores the spatio-temporal properties of three such processes: attentional enhancement and saccadic suppression that accompany saccades to target; attentional selection of target in a visual search task; the timecourse of target detection accuracy under object-substitution masking. We monitored these events using a combination of human electrophysiology (EEG), eye tracking and behavioral psychophysics. We first studied how the neural representation of a visual stimulus is affected by its temporal proximity to saccade onset. We show that stimuli immediately preceding a saccade show strongest effects of attentional enhancement and saccadic suppression. Second, using object-substitution masking to reduce visibility, we analyzed the relationship between saccadic reaction times and response accuracy. We also collected subjective visibility ratings and observed neural markers of attentional selection, such as the negative, posterior-contralateral deflection at 200 ms (N2pc). We found that fast saccades escaped the effects of masking, resulted in higher response accuracy and higher awareness ratings. This indicates that early visual processing can trigger awareness and correct behavior. Finally, we replicated this finding with manual responses. Discovering a similar accuracy timecourse in a different modality ruled out saccade-specific mechanisms, such as saccadic suppression and retinal shift, as a potential confound. Next to their theoretical impact, all studies make a methodological contribution to EEG-eye movement research, such as removal of large-scale saccadic artifacts from EEG data and composition of matched surrogate data. In sum, this work uses multiple approaches to describe the dynamics of visual perisaccadic perception and offers solutions for future studies in this field.
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Wang, Xiaowei. "Enhancement of antitumour activity and structure-activity study of bioreductive agents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35088.pdf.

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Baeten, Kim Marieke. "Enhancement of single-chain urokinase activity by platelets." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25495.

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Rolfs, Martin, Reinhold Kliegl, and Ralf Engbert. "Microsaccade orientation supports attentional enhancement opposite to a peripheral cue: Commentary on Tse, Sheinberg, and Logothetis." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5708/.

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Régis, Nicolas. "Toward the real time estimation of the attentional state through ocular activity analysis." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2685/.

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L'analyse d'incidents aéronautiques et d'expériences en laboratoire a montré que la tunnélisation attentionnelle amène les pilotes à négliger des alarmes critiques. Une piste intéressante pour répondre à ce problème s'appuie sur les systèmes adaptatifs qui pourraient assister l'opérateur en temps réel (en changeant le comportement du pilote automatique par exemple). Ce type de systèmes adaptatifs requiert l'état de l'opérateur en entrée. Pour cela, des méthodes d'inférence de l'état de l'opérateur doublées de métriques de la tunnélisation attentionnelle doivent être proposées. Le but de cette thèse de doctorat est d'apporter la preuve que la détection de la tunnélisation attentionnelle est possible en temps réel. Pour cela une méthode adaptative neuro-floue utilisant les métriques de la tunnélisation attentionnelle sera proposée, ainsi que de nouvelles métriques de la tunnélisation attentionnelle qui ne dépendent pas du contexte de l'opérateur, et qui sont calculables en temps réel. L'algorithme d'identification des états de l'oeil (ESIA) est proposé en ce sens. Les métriques attentionnelles en sont dérivées et testées dans le contexte d'une expérience robotique dont le design favorise la tunnélisation attentionnellle. Nous proposons également une nouvelle définition du ratio exploitation/exploration d'information dont la pertinence en tant que marqueur de la tunnélisation attentionnelle est démontrée statistiquement. Le travail est ensuite discuté et appliqué sur divers cas d'étude en aviation et robotique
The analysis of aerospace incidents and laboratory experiments have shown that attentional tunneling leads pilots to neglect critical alarms. One interesting avenue to deal with this issue is to consider adaptive systems that would help the operator in real time (for instance: switching the auto-pilot mode). Such adaptive systems require the operator's state as an input. Therefore, both attentional tunneling metrics and state inference techniques have to be proposed. The goal of the PhD Thesis is to provide attentional tunneling metrics that are real-time and context independent. The Eye State Identification Algorithm (ESIA) that analyses ocular activity is proposed. Metrics are then derived and tested on a robotic experiment meant for favouring attentional tunneling. We also propose a new definition of the explore/exploit ratio that was proven statistically to be a relevant attentional tunneling marker. This work is then discussed and applied to different case studies in aviation and robotics
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Gupta, Manish. "Retention and enhancement of biomolecule activity on quantum dots." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28169.

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Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles which have emerged as powerful fluorescent probes for biological imaging applications due to their unique size-dependent optical and electrical properties. QDs have several advantages over small organic dyes and fluorescent proteins such as size-tunable photoluminescence, wide excitation-narrow emission properties, improved brightness and high resistance to photobleaching and degradation. So far QDs have been used to track individual biomolecules, but for this application a widespread concern is that biomolecules can lose activity when they are attached to QDs because these are multivalent and large. Thus, recent attention has turned toward labelling strategies which enable site-specific recognition and controlling the number of molecules that can be attached to a single QD down to a single molecule with retention of activity. Apart from showing ability to recognise appropriate biological partners, relatively little is known about the biological activity of biomolecules attached to QDs. In this thesis various strategies for preserving and enhancing the activity of biomolecules on QDs were developed to address and investigate these aspects and to extend the biological applications of QDs. Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-modified QDs were used for site specific labelling of a hexahistidine (His6)-tagged Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST). GSTs catalyse nucleophilic substitution reactions between glutathione and a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic electrophiles, which makes them important detoxifying enzymes and anticancer targets. The hydrophobic CdSe-ZnS (core-shell) QDs were made water soluble by ligand exchange with dihydrolipoic acid and coupled to NTA-Ni via an amide bond. Ni-NTA capped QD were capable of binding recombinant S. japonicum His6-GST selectively. As a result of the His6 tag's ability to provide a docking site for the QD away from the active site, the GST molecules bound to these QDs retained their catalytic activity. In contrast, the non specific binding which takes place in the absence of the His6 tag leads to loss of catalytic activity. Hydrophobic interactions were used to functionalize CdSe-ZnS QDs with Kdo2-lipid A -the lipopolysaccahride (LPS) present in the outer membrane of E.coli. These constructs were used as pathogen models to investigate how pathogens and pathogen associated molecular patterns (e.g. LPS) interact and are processed by the immune system. The ability of QDs to enhance the biological activity of a biomolecule was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo for the first time. QD-LPS micelles were able to induce stronger production of cytokines in macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro and a model antigen (DNP-OVA) in vivo than control LPS. Also presented in this thesis is the first attempt to exploit the multivalency and site specific labelling properties of NTA-Ni-decorated QDs to mimic the surface of a parasite. The focus here was on the Plasmodium falciparum malaria merozoite, which has MSP 1 as major component of its surface. Conjugation of a recombinant form of His6-MSP-l hybrid to three different types of NTA-Ni-decorated QDs was accomplished. Morever, by changing the linker units separating the QDs and Ni-NTA complexes it was possible to control the number of MSP 1 molecules attached to each QD.
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Chan, Yuen-kee Karen, and 陳婉琪. "The enhancement of physical activity in primary school students through an individualized physical activity programme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31962816.

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Chan, Yuen-kee Karen. "The enhancement of physical activity in primary school students through an individualized physical activity programme." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25751979.

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Kageyama, Noa J. "Attentional focus as a mediator in the anxiety-performance relationship the enhancement of music performance quality under stress /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297078.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Counseling and Educational Psychology, 2007.
Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 26, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 1329. Adviser: Thomas L. Sexton.
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Books on the topic "Attentional enhancement of activity"

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A. Barakat, Mohamed, and Rajeev Kumar. Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24271-2.

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Wyzga, Marilyn C. Homes for wildlife: A planning guide for habitat enhancement on school grounds. The Dept., 1995.

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Clark, Kelsey L., Behrad Noudoost, Robert J. Schafer, and Tirin Moore. Neuronal Mechanisms of Attentional Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.010.

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Covert spatial attention prioritizes the processing of stimuli at a given peripheral location, away from the direction of gaze, and selectively enhances visual discrimination, speed of processing, contrast sensitivity, and spatial resolution at the attended location. While correlates of this type of attention, which are believed to underlie perceptual benefits, have been found in a variety of visual cortical areas, more recent observations suggest that these effects may originate from frontal and parietal areas. Evidence for a causal role in attention is especially robust for the Frontal Eye Field, an oculomotor area within the prefrontal cortex. FEF firing rates have been shown to reflect the location of voluntarily deployed covert attention in a variety of tasks, and these changes in firing rate precede those observed in extrastriate cortex. In addition, manipulation of FEF activity—whether via electrical microstimulation, pharmacologically, or operant conditioning—can produce attention-like effects on behaviour and can modulate neural signals within posterior visual areas. We review this evidence and discuss the role of the FEF in visual spatial attention.
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Krauzlis, Richard J. Attentional Functions of the Superior Colliculus. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.014.

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The superior colliculus (SC) plays an important role in both overt and covert attention. In primates, the SC is well known to be a central component of the motor pathways that orient the eyes and head to important objects in the environment. Accordingly, neurons in the SC show enhanced responses that will be the target of orienting movements, compared to stimuli that will be ignored. Single-neuron recordings in the SC have revealed a variety of attention-related effects, including changes in activity related to bottom-up and top-down attention, attention capture, and inhibition of return. These findings support the view of the SC as a priority map that represents the location of important objects in the visual environment. Manipulation of SC activity by electrical microstimulation and chemical inactivation shows that the SC is not simply a recipient of attention-related effects, but plays a causal role in these processes. In particular, activity in the SC plays a major role in the selection of targets for saccades, and also for pursuit eye movements and movements of the hand. Moreover, activity in the SC is important not only for the control of overt attention, but also plays a crucial role in covert attention—the processing of visual signals for perceptual judgements even in the absence of orienting movements. The mechanisms mediating the role of the SC in the control of covert attention are not yet known, but current models emphasize interactions between the SC and areas of the cerebral cortex.
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Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), and M.-Marsel Mesulam. Large-scale Networks for Attentional Biases. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.035.

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Selective attention is essential for all aspects of cognition. Using the paradigmatic case of visual spatial attention, we present a theoretical account proposing the flexible control of attention through coordinated activity across a large-scale network of brain areas. It reviews evidence supporting top-down control of visual spatial attention by a distributed network, and describes principles emerging from a network approach. Stepping beyond the paradigm of visual spatial attention, we consider attentional control mechanisms more broadly. The chapter suggests that top-down biasing mechanisms originate from multiple sources and can be of several types, carrying information about receptive-field properties such as spatial locations or features of items; but also carrying information about properties that are not easily mapped onto receptive fields, such as the meanings or timings of items. The chapter considers how selective biases can operate on multiple slates of information processing, not restricted to the immediate sensory-motor stream, but also operating within internalized, short-term and long-term memory representations. Selective attention appears to be a general property of information processing systems rather than an independent domain within our cognitive make-up.
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Barakat, Mohamed A., and Rajeev Kumar. Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Degradation of Pollutants in Wastewater. Springer, 2015.

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International trade: Activity under the export enhancement program : fact sheet for congressional requesters. The Office, 1990.

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Office, General Accounting. International trade: Activity under the Export Enhancement Program : fact sheet for congressional requesters. GAO, 1990.

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Buzzeo, Toni. Read! Perform! Learn!: 10 Reader's Theater Programs for Literacy Enhancement. Upstart Books, 2006.

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Umoja wa Watu wenye Ulemavu Zanzibar., ed. Final report of the project on enhancement of disabled peoples' participation in the year 2005 Tanzania/Zanzibar general elections. Zanzibar Association for the Disabled, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Attentional enhancement of activity"

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Eggert, J., and J. L. van Hemmen. "Activity—Gating Attentional Networks." In Models of Neural Networks IV. Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21703-1_7.

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Viskoper, J. R. "Physical Activity Enhancement." In Manual of Nonpharmacological Control of Hypertension. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74720-5_8.

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Brick, Noel, Tadhg MacIntyre, and Linda Schücker. "Attentional focus and cognitive strategies during endurance activity." In Endurance Performance in Sport. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315167312-9.

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Menn, Fu-Min, James P. Easter, and Gary S. Sayler. "Bacterial Activity Enhancement and Soil Decontamination." In Biotechnology. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620951.ch20.

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Bomford, R., and R. Aston. "Enhancement of Hormone Activity by Monoclonal Antibodies." In Targeting of Drugs 2. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9001-5_5.

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Shapiro, Martin. "Radiation Protection and Activity Enhancement of Viruses." In Biorational Pest Control Agents. American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0595.ch010.

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Barakat, Mohamed A., and Rajeev Kumar. "Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles." In SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24271-2_1.

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Pertilä, Pasi, Alessio Brutti, Piergiorgio Svaizer, and Maurizio Omologo. "Multichannel Source Activity Detection, Localization, and Tracking." In Audio Source Separation and Speech Enhancement. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119279860.ch4.

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Kobayashi, Taira, Asahi Ishiyama, and Osamu Hoshino. "Enhancement of Neuronal Activity by Receptor-Mediated Gliotransmission." In Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2017. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59081-3_56.

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Kanikkannan, Narayan, and R. Jayachandra Babu. "Structure-Activity Relationship of Chemical Penetration Enhancers." In Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47039-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Attentional enhancement of activity"

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Chen, Kaixuan, Lina Yao, Dalin Zhang, Bin Guo, and Zhiwen Yu. "Multi-agent Attentional Activity Recognition." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/186.

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Multi-modality is an important feature of sensor based activity recognition. In this work, we consider two inherent characteristics of human activities, the spatially-temporally varying salience of features and the relations between activities and corresponding body part motions. Based on these, we propose a multi-agent spatial-temporal attention model. The spatial-temporal attention mechanism helps intelligently select informative modalities and their active periods. And the multiple agents in the proposed model represent activities with collective motions across body parts by independently selecting modalities associated with single motions. With a joint recognition goal, the agents share gained information and coordinate their selection policies to learn the optimal recognition model. The experimental results on four real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
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CHENNU, SRIVAS, PATRICK CRASTON, BRAD WYBLE, and HOWARD BOWMAN. "TRANSIENT ATTENTIONAL ENHANCEMENT DURING THE ATTENTIONAL BLINK: EEG CORRELATES OF THE ST2 MODEL." In Proceedings of the Tenth Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812797322_0010.

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Andreini, A., G. Caciolli, R. Da Soghe, B. Facchini, and L. Mazzei. "Numerical Investigation on the Heat Transfer Enhancement due to Coolant Extraction on the Cold Side of Film Cooling Holes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25460.

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Film cooling represents one the most widely-used cooling techniques for hot gas path components. In particular, effusion cooling has recently become an important focus of attention in the context of aero-engine design due to its high cooling performance. Notwithstanding the huge amount of work dedicated to the heat transfer on the hot side of effusion cooling plates, it has been demonstrated that up to 30 % of the total cooling effectiveness of a typical effusion cooling configuration can be ascribed to cold side convective cooling. Nevertheless, in open literature it is possible to notice a lack of knowledge as far as this topic is concerned. This paper describes a numerical activity aimed at investigating the phenomenology of the heat transfer at the entrance of film cooling holes. First of all the accuracy of the numerical approach has been validated through a comparison of enhancement factor measurements on a test case available in literature. Steady state RANS simulations have been performed, modeling turbulence by means of the k–ω SST model. The use of a transition model has been taken into account, since in these configurations the transitional behavior of the boundary layer has been highlighted in literature. Subsequently, the attention has been turned to the comprehension of the phenomena involved in the heat transfer augmentation, focusing the attention to the influence of fluid dynamic parameters such as suction ratio and Reynolds number. A good agreement has been highlighted with experimental data, therefore this work provides a starting point for future investigations on more representative configurations.
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Kong, Jiangtao, Rongchao Xu, Junliang Xing, Kai Li, and Wei Ma. "Spatial Temporal Attentional Glimpse for Human Activity Classification in Video." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803586.

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Iguchi, Yukihiro, and Masami Kato. "Risk-Informed Approach for the Regulation of Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75082.

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During decommissioning of nuclear facilities, it is generally thought that the risk is relatively low after high activity inventory such as the spent fuel is removed. However, dismantlement works may be carried out with non-multiple barriers with a non-regular process depending mainly on human activities. Moreover, fire or gas incidents caused by conventional industry methods may lead to accidents with radioactivity release. This means more attention is necessary for safer dismantlement especially for nuclear reactors with high activity. Therefore, utilization of risk information based on risk assessment of the decommissioning was proposed. A method of risk assessment for decommissioning was developed and applied for the dismantlement of typical reactor facilities and nuclear fuel facilities (a uranium enrichment plant and a reprocessing plant). The results show that the consequences of such troubles are low, but their occurrences are still not negligible. This fact is supported by past trouble cases. Taking into account of the risk assessment results, a methodology to secure the safety of decommissioning was proposed. It consists of four steps i.e. 1) risk-informed approach, 2) graded approach, 3) phased approach and 4) layered approach and the results can be reflected to the management and regulation. The regulation means are for example, review of the decommissioning plan or the fitness-for-safety, the periodic safety inspections and usual monitoring. The methodology can evaluate the risk level of decommissioning more objectively and enable reasonable regulation based on the risk level. This leads to the appropriate distribution of resources with safety enhancement.
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Gundel, Paul, Martin C. Schubert, Friedemann D. Heinz, and Wilhelm Warta. "Recombination activity enhancement by stress in silicon." In 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2010.5616094.

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Dasgupta, Aurobindo, and Ramesh Karri. "Electromigration reliability enhancement via bus activity distribution." In the 33rd annual conference. ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/240518.240585.

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Bolivar, Loyalda T. "Rain or Shine Shield: Language and Ropes of Sadok Making." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.6-4.

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A sadok or salakot is a farmer’s cherished possession, protecting him from the sun or rain. The Sadok, persisting up to the present, has many uses. The study of Sadok making was pursued to highlight an important product, as a cultural tradition in the community as craft, art, and part of indigenous knowledge in central Antique in the Philippines. Despite that this valuable economic activity needs sustainability, it is given little importance if not neglected, and seems to be a dying economic activity. The qualitative study uses ethnophenomenological approaches to gather data using interviews and participant observation, which aims to describe the importance of Sadok making. It describes how the makers learned the language of Sadok making, especially terms related to materials and processes. The study revealed that the makers of Sadok learned the language from their ancestors. They have lived with them and interacted with them since they were young. Sadok making is a way of life and the people observe their parents work and assist in the work which allows them to learn Sadok making. They were exposed to this process through observations and hands-on activities or ‘on-the-job’ informal training. They were adept with the terms related to the materials and processes involved in the making of Sadok as they heard these terms from them. They learned the terms bamboo, rattan, tabun-ak (leaves used) and nito (those creeping vines) as materials used in Sadok making. The informants revealed that the processes involved in the making of Sadok are long and tedious, starting from the soaking, curing and drying of the bamboo, cleaning and cutting these bamboo into desired pieces, then with the intricacies in arranging the tabun-ak or the leaves, and the weaving part, until the leaves are arranged, up to the last phase of decorating the already made Sadok. In summary, socialization is one important factor in learning the language and a cultural practice such as Sadok making. It is an important aspect of indigenous knowledge that must be communicated to the young for it to become a sustainable economic activity, which could impact on the economy of the locality. Local government units should give attention to this indigenous livelihood. Studies that would help in the enhancement of the products can likewise be given emphasis.
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Sanchez, C., J. J. Rieta, C. Vaya, et al. "Atrial activity enhancement by blind sparse sequential separation." In Computers in Cardiology 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cic.2005.1588262.

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Golmohammadi, M., A. A. Sabbagh Alvani, H. Sameie, R. Salimi, and D. Poelman. "Enhancement of Visible-Light Photo-Activity of BiVO4." In Optical Devices and Materials for Solar Energy and Solid-state Lighting. OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pvled.2020.jtu4c.13.

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Reports on the topic "Attentional enhancement of activity"

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Vannice, M. A. Enhancement of activity and selectivity by Metal-Support Interactions (MSI). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7281568.

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Dray, Eloise, Julia Etchin, Claudia Wiese, et al. Enhancement of the RAD51 Recombinase Activity by the Tumor Suppressor PALB2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993859.

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Vannice, M. A. Enhancement of activity and selectivity by Metal-Support Interactions (MSI). Progress report, September 1, 1988--June 30, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10159594.

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Solaun, Kepa, Chiquita Resomardono, Katharina Hess, Helena Antich, Gerard Alleng, and Adrián Flores. State of the Climate Report: Suriname: Summary for Policy Makers. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003415.

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Several factors contribute to Surinames particular vulnerability to the effects of climate change. It is dependent on fossil fuels, has forests liable to decay, fragile ecosystems, and its low-lying coastal area accounts for 87% of the population and most of the countrys economic activity. Many sectors are at risk of suffering losses and damage caused by gradual changes and extreme events related to climate change. For Suriname to develop sustainably, it should incorporate climate change and its effects into its decision-making process based on scientific- evidence. The State of the Climate Report analyzes Surinames historical climate (1990-2014) and provides climate projections for three time horizons (2020-2044, 2045-2069, 2070-2094) through two emissions scenarios (intermediate/ SSP2-4.5 and severe/ SSP5-8.5). The analysis focuses on changes in sea level, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and winds for the seven subnational locations of Paramaribo, Albina, Bigi Pan MUMA, Brokopondo, Kwamalasamutu, Tafelberg Natural Reserve, and Upper Tapanahony. The Report also analyzes climate risk for the countrys ten districts by examining the factors which increase their exposure and vulnerability on the four most important sectors affected by climate change: infrastructure, agriculture, water, and forestry, as well as examining the effects across the sectors. The State of the Climate provides essential inputs for Suriname to develop and update its climate change policies and targets. These policies and targets should serve as enablers for an adequate mainstreaming of climate change adaptation and resilience enhancement into day-to-day government operations.
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Saillant, Eric, Jason Lemus, and James Franks. Culture of Lobotes surinamensis (Tripletail). Mississippi Department of Marine Resources, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/ose.001.

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The Tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis, is a pelagic fish found in tropical and sub-tropical waters of all oceans. Tripletails are often associated with floating debris and make frequent incursions in bays and estuaries where they are targeted by recreational fishermen. In Mississippi waters the species is typically present during the late spring and summer season that also correspond to the period of sexual maturation and spawning (Brown-Peterson and Franks 2001). Tripletail is appreciated as a gamefish but is also prized for its flesh of superior quality. The fast growth rate of juveniles in captivity documented by Franks et al. (2001) and the excellent quality of Tripletail flesh both contribute to the potential of this species for marine aquaculture. In addition, the production of cultured juveniles would be precious to develop a better understanding of the biology, early life history and habitat use of Tripletail larvae and juveniles, a topic largely undocumented to date, through experimental releases and controlled studies. The culture of tripletail thus supports the Tidelands Trust Fund Program through improved conservation of natural resources, potential enhancement of fisheries productivity and potential development of a new economic activity on the Gulf coast producing tripletail via aquaculture. The Objective of this project was to initiate development of methods and techniques needed to spawn captive held tripletail broodfish and raise their offspring to evaluate their growth and development in captivity. In this report we will present the results of studies aiming to develop methods and protocols for captive spawning of tripletail and the first data obtained on the early development of tripletail larvae. A major issue that was encountered with tripletail broodstock development during the project lied in the difficulties associated with identifying the sex of adults caught in the wild and candidates for being incorporated in mating sets for spawning. This issue was addressed during the course of the project by examining the potential of a non-lethal method of hormonal sexing. The results of these preliminary investigations are presented in the third part of this report. All protocols used in the project were determined with the guidance of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the University of Southern Mississippi (USM IACUC protocol number 10100108).
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