To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Attentional Network Theory.
Books on the topic 'Attentional Network Theory'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 books for your research on the topic 'Attentional Network Theory.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse books on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Astrahancevaa, Irina, Sergey Bobkov, Vadim Mizonov, and Sergey Boykov. Modeling of systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1831624.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook discusses general issues of system modeling, analytical, empirical and simulation approaches to modeling. Typical mathematical schemes used in the analytical approach, methods and tools of simulation modeling of systems are given. Attention is also paid to network and agent-based alternative approaches to modeling.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for undergraduate students studying in the direction of 09.03.02 "Information systems and technologies", whose working curricula include the discipline "Systems Modeling". It is assumed that the training plans also include training courses "Discrete Mathematics", "Mathematical logic and theory of algorithms", "System analysis". The manual will also be useful for master's degree students studying in the direction 09.04.02 "Information systems and technologies" (discipline "Models of information processes and systems").
2
Gaputina, Violetta. Mediadiscourse of fashion: processes, phenomena, effects. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02079-1.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph is devoted to the study of the Russian-language discourse
of fashion, actualized in the space of modern mass media: in television broadcasts and glossy magazines, blogs and social networks.
The main attention is paid to the processes of hybridization of fashion discourse
and media discourse and their linguistic and speech manifestations, reflecting
the intersection of fashion discourse with other types of discourse.
The book is addressed to specialists in the field of media linguistics and journalism, students, teachers and researchers, employees of the fashion industry, as well as all those who are interested
in fashion and style issues.
3
Vavrenyuk, Aleksandr, Viktor Makarov, and Stanislav Kutepov. Operating systems. UNIX bases. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11186.
Full textAbstract:
In the manual basics command interfey-are covered
са operating systems of UNIX family. Much attention is paid
to practical use of teams of system and opportunities of language
programming, shell provided by a cover. In a grant vklyu-
Chena also some sections devoted to bases administrirova-
niya and to network means of OS. At the end of each section there are questions
for self-checking, the appendix contains a large number at -
mayors of writing of shell-procedures.
The manual is addressed to the students studying the modern
information technologies according to programs of a bachelor degree, and also all,
who wants to master the OS command interface of family independently
UNIX in the shortest possible time.
The edition can also be used as the short reference book on wasps -
new UNIX OS.
4
Domhoff, G. William. Dreaming Is an Intensified Form of Mind-Wandering, Based in an Augmented Portion of the Default Network. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.7.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter argues that dreaming is an intensified form of mind-wandering that makes use of embodied simulation. It further hypothesizes that the neural network that enables dreaming is very likely an augmented portion of the default network. This network is activated whenever there is (1) a mature and intact neural substrate that can support the cognitive process of dreaming; (2) an adequate level of cortical activation; (3) an occlusion of external stimuli; (4) a cognitively mature imagination system (a necessity indicated by the virtual lack of dreaming in preschoolers and its relative paucity until ages 8–9); and (5) the loss of conscious self-control, which may be neurologically mediated in the final step in a complex process by the decoupling of the dorsal attentional network from the anterior portions of the default network. If this testable theory proves to be correct, then dreaming may be the quintessential cognitive simulation.
5
Posner, Michael I., Mary K. Rothbart, and M. Rosario Rueda. Developing Attention and Self-Regulation in Childhood. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.023.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter views attention as an organ system consisting of three brain networks with their own unique anatomy, connectivity, neuromodulators, and functions. These networks underlie the functions of attention including: obtaining and maintaining the alert state, orienting to sensory events, and voluntary control of responses. It traces the development of these attentional networks from infancy to adulthood. All three networks are present in infancy, but their functions and connectivity change in development. The change of control from the orienting to the executive network that takes place between infancy and childhood underlies the increasing role of voluntary control of emotions and thoughts. It examines how genes and environment influence this development and suggests avenues for further understanding of how attention develops.
6
Bramoullé, Yann, Andrea Galeotti, and Brian W. Rogers, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Networks. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948277.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This handbook represents the frontier of research into the economics of networks: how and why they form, how they influence behavior, how they help govern outcomes in an interactive world, and how they shape collective decision making, opinion formation, and diffusion dynamics. From a methodological perspective, the authors devote attention to theory, field experiments, laboratory experiments, and econometrics. Theoretical work in network formation, games played on networks, repeated games, and the interaction between linking and behavior are synthesized. A number of chapters are devoted to studying social processes mediated by networks. Topics here include opinion formation, diffusion of information and disease, and learning. There are also chapters devoted to financial contagion and systemic risk. Next, the handbook includes a section that discusses communities more generally, with applications including social trust, favor exchange, and social collateral; the importance of communities for migration patterns, and the role that networks and communities play in the labor market. A prominent role of networks, from an economic perspective, is that they mediate trade. Several chapters cover bilateral trade in networks, strategic intermediation, and the role of networks in international trade. The handbook also discusses the role of networks for organizations. One chapter discusses the role of networks for the performance of organizations, while two other chapters discuss managing networks of consumers and pricing in the presence of network-based spillovers. Finally, the handbook covers the Internet as a network, with attention to the issue of net neutrality.
7
Theodoulou, Stella Z., and Ravi K. Roy. 7. Globalization and the rise of network governance. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198724230.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
The forces of globalization are compelling public administrators to direct their attention increasingly towards transnational forms of governance. ‘Globalization and the rise of network governance’ shows that in network governance-type systems, power and authority tend to be decentralized and dispersed among a variety of autonomous stakeholders operating beyond the scope and control of national governments. They are organized around values, concerns, issues, and problems ranging from global climate change to human security. Flexible and fluid in their organizational structure, they allow participants to flow in and out of a network as circumstances change. Examples of how governing networks have been particularly influential in addressing the climate change crisis are provided.
8
Berardo, Ramiro, Isabella Alcañiz, Jennifer Hadden, and Lorien Jasny. Networks and the Politics of the Environment. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.26.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter surveys recent research that utilizes the measures and techniques of social network analysis (SNA) to explain socioecological outcomes. The chapter focuses on the role of key characteristics of networks—including density and fragmentation, bonding and bridging social capital, brokerage and leadership—in promoting adaptive governance and co-management, and in turn, successful environmental management outcomes. It argues that network structures affect the ability of actors to coordinate their behavior, cooperate with one another, share information, and adapt their behavior to new circumstances. The chapter concludes by discussing limitations and future directions for research, drawing attention to the need for more work integrating ecological and social networks, comparative SNA, and analyses of network formation and evolution.
9
Bianconi, Ginestra. Synchronization, Non-linear Dynamics and Control. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter is entirely devoted to characterizing non-linear dynamics on multilayer networks. Special attention is given to recent results on the stability of synchronization that extend the Master Stability Function approach to the multilayer networks scenario. Discontinous synchronization transitions on multiplex networks recently reported in the literature are also discussed, and their application discussed in the context of brain networks. This chapter also presents an overview of the major results regarding pattern formation in multilayer networks, and the proposed characterization of multivariate time series using multiplex visibility graphs. Finally, the chapter discusses several approaches for multiplex network control where the dynamical state of a multiplex network needs to be controlled by eternal signals placed on replica nodes satisfying some structural constraints.
10
Murdie, Amanda, and Marc Polizzi. Human Rights and Transnational Advocacy Networks. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.31.
Full textAbstract:
Human rights advocates have been argued to be working as part of a larger “network” of actors supporting the respect and security of individuals. However, until recently, much scholarship in this area has used “network” as a synonym for “connected actors” instead of examining the network characteristics of advocacy actors and the ways in which the nature of the advocacy network could influence human rights outcomes. This chapter examines the growing literature that focuses on human rights advocacy using network theory and methodologies. It outlines both global and local data collection efforts and the state of the literature and addresses how this literature has drawn on the larger political networks literature. It concludes with a call for future work on how the network characteristics of advocacy actors influences both which human rights issues receive international attention and whether this attention translates into improvements in human rights practices on the ground.
11
Heaney, Michael T., and James M. Strickland. A Network Approach to Interest Group Politics. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.17.
Full textAbstract:
Interest groups often serve as intermediaries or brokers between formal decision-making institutions and organized subgroups of society. Due to this positioning, key functions of interest groups can be understood in network terms. This chapter addresses five questions about interest groups to which network analysis offers answers: (1) What are the origins of interest groups?; (2) How do they develop, maintain, and change their identities over time?; (3) Under what conditions do groups work together, and how?; (4) How do interest groups relate to other political institutions?; and (5) What influence do they have on politics generally? The discussion highlights various effects of networks on interest group politics, including how new groups are born out of preexisting networks, how they use connections to access information and influence policy, and how they maintain long-term relationships with policymakers. Future research could benefit from greater attention to multiplexity, content analysis, and longitudinal network analysis.
12
Razo, Armando. Bringing Networks into Comparative Politics. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.34.
Full textAbstract:
How do comparativists incorporate networks into their studies? What is the utility of network analysis to the subfield of comparative politics? These are timely questions, because the subfield of comparative politics has long recognized the importance of various relational phenomena but is only beginning to pay systematic attention to political networks proper. To answer these questions, this chapter reviews network-related approaches embedded in studies of collective action and contentious politics, political economy, and clientelism. It offers a prospective review of major themes in comparative politics that are essentially relational and hence ripe for network analysis. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of methodological challenges to enable comparative analysis across countries, which is an ultimate goal to bring a truly comparative dimension to relational perspectives on domestic politics.
13
Rubia, Katya. ADHD brain function. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
ADHD patients appear to have complex multisystem impairments in several cognitive-domain dissociated inferior, dorsolateral, and medial fronto-striato-parietal and frontocerebellar neural networks during inhibition, attention, working memory, and timing functions. There is emerging evidence for abnormalities in motivation and affect control regions, most prominently in ventral striatum, but also orbital/ventromedial frontolimbic areas. Furthermore, there is an immature interrelationship between hypoengaged task-positive cognitive control networks and a poorly ‘switched off’ default mode network, both of which impact performance. Stimulant medication enhances the activation of inferior frontostriatal systems, while atomoxetine appears to have more pronounced effects on the dorsal attention network. More studies are needed to understand the neurofunctional correlates of the effects of age, gender, ADHD subtypes, and comorbidities with other psychiatric conditions. The use of pattern recognition analyses applied to imaging to make individual diagnostic or prognostic predictions are promising and will be the challenge over the next decade.
14
McClurg, Scott D., Casey A. Klofstad, and Anand Edward Sokhey. Discussion Networks. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.21.
Full textAbstract:
While political network research is often a holistic enterprise, the network paradigm can also be used to study individual behavior. Specifically, rather than focusing on full network structures, a well-established area of research considers individuals’ “core” networks, their perceptions of interpersonal connections, and the consequences of said micro-social environments for myriad political outcomes and processes. This chapter examines this research tradition, tracing the history of its use in the study of political behavior. It begins with discussion of network research, paying specific attention to “egocentric” network name generator techniques. It then outlines several challenges to this research paradigm: (1) the difficulty of making causal inferences, (2) debates over concept and measurement, and (3) questions about mechanisms of influence. The chapter concludes by reviewing advances in the field that have developed from these challenges and points toward next steps in this research agenda, focused on the connected citizenry.
15
Manohar, Sanjay, Valerie Bonnelle, and Masud Husain. Neurological Disorders of Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.027.
Full textAbstract:
Attention deficits are a frequent and particularly disabling consequence of many neurological disorders, from patients with focal brain lesions through to individuals with traumatic brain injury or neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease. They are often associated with apparent confusion, fatigue, irritability, and increased time and effort to perform even simple everyday tasks, and constitute a real challenge for rehabilitation. In many cases, attention deficits may be crucial factors underlying failures of memory and higher cognitive functions, contributing to difficulties in resuming previous activities and independent daily living. Here the authors first consider four aspects of attention—selective, sustained, executive, and divided—together with brain regions and networks considered to underpin normal attention and disorders of attention. The authors focus on focal brain lesions, traumatic brain injury and Parkinson’s disease as important examples illustrating the effects of different brain pathologies on attention function.
16
Scerif, Gaia, and Rachel Wu. Developmental Disorders. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.030.
Full textAbstract:
Tracing the development of attentional deficits and their cascading effects in genetically and functionally defined disorders allows an understanding of intertwined developing systems on three levels. At the cognitive level, attention influences perception, learning, and memory. Attention and other cognitive processes interact to produce cascading effects across developmental time. At a systems neuroscience level, developmental disorders can reveal the systems and mechanisms necessary to attain adults’ efficient attentional processes. At the level of cellular neuroscience and functional genomics, disorders of known genetic aetiology provide inroads into cellular pathways and protein networks leading to attentional deficits across development. This chapter draws from both genetically defined and functionally defined disorders to delineate the complexities and necessity of studying attentional deficits and their neural correlates. Studying developmental disorders highlights the need to study attentional processes and other cognitive processes (e.g. memory and learning) in tandem, given their inseparable nature.
17
Shrestha, Manoj K., and Richard C. Feiock. Local Government Networks. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.22.
Full textAbstract:
Local governments frequently network with other local governments or other entities for efficient or effective delivery of local services. Networks enable local governments to discover ways to address externalities and diseconomies of scale produced by political fragmentation, functional interconnection, and uneven distribution of knowledge and resources. Local government networking can be informal or formal and bilateral or multilateral, in the form of deliberative forums or mutual aid agreements. This chapter uses the institutional collective action framework to underscore the link between problems of coordination and credibility of commitment that local governments face as they seek self-organizing solutions and the bridging and bonding networks they create in response to these problems. It then reviews the current state of scholarship in local government networks (LGNs) and shows that much progress has been made in both egocentric and whole LGN studies. Finally, it highlights important areas needing attention to advance LGN scholarship.
18
Winckles, Andrew O., and Angela Rehbein, eds. Women's Literary Networks and Romanticism. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940605.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The eighteenth century witnessed the rapid expansion of social, political, religious, and literary networks in Great Britain. The increased availability of and access to print, combined with the ease with which individuals could correspond across distance, ensured that it was easier than ever before for writers to enter into the marketplace of ideas. However, we still lack a complex understanding of how literary networks functioned, what the term ‘network’ means in context, and how women writers in particular adopted and adapted to the creative possibilities of networks. The essays in this volume address these issues from a variety of perspectives, arguing that networks not only provided women with access to the literary marketplace, but fundamentally altered how they related to each other, to their literary production, and to the broader social sphere. By examining the texts and networks of authors as diverse as Sally Wesley, Elizabeth Hamilton, Susanna Watts, Elizabeth Heyrick, Joanna Baillie, Mary Berry, Mary Russell Mitford, Mary Shelley, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, this volume demonstrates that attention to the scope and influence of women’s literary networks upends long standing assumptions about gender, literary influence, and authorial formation during the Romantic period. Furthermore, this volume suggests that we must rethink what counts as literature in the Romantic period, how we read it, and how we draw the boundaries of Romanticism.
19
Gisborne, Nikolas, and Andrew Hippisley, eds. Defaults in Morphological Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712329.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Default-based analyses of linguistic data are most prevalent in morphological descriptions because morphology is pervaded by idiosyncrasy and irregularity, and defaults allow for a representation of the facts by construing regularity not as all or nothing but as a matter of degree. Defaults manifest themselves in a variety of ways in a group of morphological theories that have received much attention in the last few years, and whose main ideas and claims have been recently consolidated as important monographs. In May 2012 a workshop was convened at the University of Kentucky in Lexington to show-case default usage in four prominent theories of morphology. The presenters were key proponents of the theories, in most cases a theory’s author. The role of defaults was outlined in Construction Morphology, Network Morphology, Paradigm Function Morphology, and Word Grammar. With reference to these theories, as well as the lexical syntactic framework of HPSG, this book addresses questions about the role of defaults in the lexicon, including: (1) Does a defaults-based account of language have implications for the architecture of the grammar, particularly the proposal that morphology is an autonomous component? (2) How does a default differ from the canonical or prototypical in morphology? (3) Do defaults have a psychological basis? (4) How do defaults help us understand language as a sign-based system that is flawed, where the one to one association of form and meaning breaks down in the morphology?
20
Lehman, Frank. Neo-Riemannian Theory at the Movies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190606398.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter is dedicated to explaining the methodology of neo-Riemannian theory (NRT) and analysis. The historical background of NRT is introduced, and an inventory of transformations, including the well-known neo-Riemannian operators (L, P, and R) is laid out in a user-friendly manner. Important issues for NRT, including harmonic combinatoriality, parsimony, tonal agnosticism, and spatiality, are all introduced and connected to the analysis of film music. Special attention is given to the associative content of triadic relationships, with two progressions of particular interest to film composers—T6 and S—explored in depth. A pair of step-by-step model analyses from Waltz with Bashir and Batman: Mask of the Phantasm are presented as straightforward and difficult cases for neo-Riemannian techniques, respectively. The chapter concludes with the introduction of tonal space visualizations, such as the Tonnetz and transformation networks, and demonstrations through analysis of themes from The Da Vinci Code and Scott of the Antarctic.
21
Dorogovtsev, Sergey N., and José F. F. Mendes. The Nature of Complex Networks. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695119.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The researchers studying complex networks will acquire from this advanced modern book a number of new issues and ideas, not yet touched upon in other reference volumes. The book considers a wide range of networks and processes taking place on them, paying particular attention to the recently developed directions, methods, and techniques. It proposes a statistical mechanics view of random networks based on the concept of statistical ensembles, but approaches and methods of modern graph theory, concerning random graphs, overlap strongly with statistical physics. Hence mathematicians have a good chance to discover interesting things in this book, even though it does not contain mathematical proofs and trades off rigour for comprehension, brevity, and relevance. The book combines features of an advanced textbook, a reference book and a detailed review of the current state of the art. This book will be useful for undergraduate, master, and PhD students and young researchers from physics, multidisciplinary studies, computer science, and applied mathematics wishing to gain a serious insight into the principles of complex networks. The book can be used as a text in university courses on complex networks. It proposes to determined students not only a brief trip to the land of complex networks but an option to stay there forever.
22
Belogurova, Anna. Communism in South East Asia. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.013.
Full textAbstract:
In South East Asia the Marxist message came primarily to address issues of nation-building. The article traces the development of communist parties from their early diasporic networks and engagement with the Comintern, to their relations with the colonial powers, to the establishment of communist-ruled states after the Second World War, through to the Cold War and US efforts to contain communism. The article looks at the various forms that communism took in the region, from hybrid Chinese associations in British Malaya and Hồ Chí Minh’s Indochina network, to the constitutional party of Sukarno’s Indonesia, to the semi-Buddhist Burmese Way to Socialism of Ne Win, to the neo-dynastic communism of Pol Pot. Special attention is paid to the interplay between nationalism, internationalism, and communism.
23
Soto, David, and Glyn W. Humphreys. Working Memory Biases in Human Vision. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.038.
Full textAbstract:
The current conceptualization of working memory highlights its pivotal role in the cognitive control of goal-directed behaviour, for example, by keeping task-priorities and relevant information ‘online’. Evidence has accumulated, however, that working memory contents can automatically misdirect attention and observers can only exert little intentional control to overcome irrelevant contents held in memory that are known to be misleading for behaviour. The authors discuss extant evidence on this topic and argue that obligatory functional coupling between working memory and attentional selection reflects a default property of the brain which is hardwired in overlapping substrates for memory and perception. They further argue that the neuroanatomical substrates for working memory biases in vision are distinct from the classical fronto-parietal networks involved in attentional control and distinct from the mechanisms that mediate attention biases from long-term memory. Finally the authors present emerging evidence that working memory ‘guiding’ processes may operate outside conscious awareness.
24
Holder, Christen M., and Nicole Shay. Imaging the Networks of Executive Functions. Edited by Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.17.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the different theoretical conceptualizations of executive functions and how neuroimaging can reveal their neuroanatomical mechanisms. After briefly considering various definitions and descriptions of executive function, it discusses the results of lesion studies that look into specific executive functions; namely, attention, working memory, inhibition, decision-making, planning and organization, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility or shifting. It also evaluates measures that are used to capture the executive functions just cited, along with the advances that have been achieved with the help of neuroimaging studies. On the basis of neuroimaging evidence, the authors show that the right prefrontal cortex, as well as the parietal and temporal lobes, plays an important role in executive function.
25
Kharchenko, Sergey, Nikita Zhizhin, and Dmitry Kucher. RISKS AND PROBLEMS OF 5G NETWORKS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2574.978-5-317-06740-3.
Full textAbstract:
The authors describe the advantages and the adverse consequences of 5G networks development. They propose their own classification of the advantages, dividing them into explicit, implicit and hidden. The hidden advantages are determined to be decisive. Special attention is paid to the potential of 5G networks to provide police functions, in particular, to ensure all issues of total surveillance of any person. The risk-cost-benefit analysis is carried out, allowing us to draw conclusions about the justification for the 5G networks development. The analysis makes us doubt the justification of spending trillions of rubles for the development of 5G networks in the Russian Federation. The book is intended for specialists in the field of ecology, environmental protection and for students studying and specializing in these areas.
26
Kaup, Monika. New Ecological Realisms. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474483094.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
What is the singular reality of humanistic objects of study? New Ecological Realism argues that our contemporary moment after the exhaustion of postmodernism presents an unprecedented opportunity to pursue this question. It proposes that the answer is found in a new concept of the real that hinges on, instead of denying, context, organization and form. New Ecological Realism showcases a context-based concept of the real, arguing that new realisms of complex and embedded wholes, actor-networks, and ecologies, rather than old realisms of isolated parts and things, represent the most promising escape from the impasses of constructivism and positivism. To achieve this, this study devotes equal attention to literature and theory. By pairing post-apocalyptic novels by Margaret Atwood, José Saramago, Octavia Butler, and Cormac McCarthy with new realist theories, this study shows that, just as new realist theories can illuminate post-apocalyptic fiction, post-apocalyptic fiction also embeds new theories of the real. Reassessing the recent revival of interest in ontology in contemporary theory, this study brings together four contemporary theories that formulate context-based realisms: Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory; Chilean neurophenomenologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela’s theories of autopoiesis and enactivism; German philosopher Markus Gabriel’s new ontology of fields of sense; French philosopher Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology of givenness and American philosopher Alphonso Lingis’s writings on passionate identification. Their shared emphasis on interconnectedness over individuation has gone unnoticed because these theories have never been considered together before.
27
Schmitz, Hans Peter. Transnational Human Rights Networks: Significance and Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.354.
Full textAbstract:
Transnational human rights networks refer to a form of cross-border collective action that seeks to promote compliance with universally accepted norms. Principled transnational activism began to draw sustained scholarly attention after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the creation of a new type of information-driven and impartial transnational activism, embodied in organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. Scholarship on transnational human rights networks emerged during the 1990s within the subfield of International Relations and as a challenge to the state-centric and materialist bias of the field. In their 1998 book Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink describe the key role that transnational human rights groups play in global affairs. Focusing on rights-based activism, Keck and Sikkink show how transnational advocacy networks (TANs) can influence domestic politics. The concept of TANs is dominated by the purposeful activism of nongovernmental organizations and driven by shared principles, not professional standards. A number of studies have challenged the core assumptions about the effectiveness of principled human rights activism, arguing that international support plays no significant role compared to the autonomous efforts of domestic activists. One way to overcome these challenges and criticisms is for the transnational activist sector, as well as other types of non-state actors, to move beyond the principles/interests dichotomy and take a closer look at the internal dynamics of participant NGOs.
28
Galvin, Daniel J. Political Parties in American Politics. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.18.
Full textAbstract:
Political parties are closely associated with pivotal turning points in American political development. Surprisingly little attention, however, has been given to how the parties, themselves, change over time. Whether they are conceptualized as formal organizations or as networks of groups, studying parties from a historical-institutional perspective directs attention to their structural arrangements and the processes through which those arrangements change. Identifying mechanisms of change and specifying the conditions under which different types of change may occur, the historical-institutional approach promises to elucidate the relationship between party change and political change more broadly.
29
Trobia, Alberto, and Fabio M. Lo Verde. Italian Amateur Pop-Rock Musicians on Facebook. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.8.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter investigates how and why amateur musicians use social networking sites, employing a mixed-methods approach. Attention is focused on four big Italian Facebook communities of pop-rock musicians: drums, bass, guitar, and keyboard players (overall, 2,101 active users), analyzing the relational and textual data extracted from the web. The chapter analyzes the network structures emerging from the interactions among the users. It also identifies and maps the main areas of discussion (sound shaping, studio recording, marketplace, musical references, computer production, and relations) and the latent semantic dimension characterizing Facebook users’ activities, through social network analysis and lexical correspondence analysis. Meanings, values, aesthetics, and representations of amateur music making, emerging from the data, are framed within two orthogonal dimensions: theory versus praxis, and competence versus music production. The Italian singularity is then explained with respect to this space. Some theoretical conclusions are finally drawn.
30
Farb, Norman, Philip A. Desormeau, and Le-anh Dinh-Williams. The Neuroscience of Hypo-Egoic Processes. Edited by Kirk Warren Brown and Mark R. Leary. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.8.
Full textAbstract:
The term “hypo-egoic” can refer to a variety of cognitive states, ranging from internal experiences of meditation, hypnosis, or spirituality, to overt acts of forgiveness or altruism. This chapter reviews the nascent literature on the neuroscience supporting such states, aiming to provide a more unified neural account. For parsimony, research findings are framed in terms of implicated brain networks, with particular attention as to whether networks are modulated to directly inhibit of egoic processes, or to generate competing, experientially salient, hypo-egoic states. The chapter concludes that hypo-egoic processing is not purely inhibitory in its neural architecture but often incorporates generative neural representations, enhancing sensory awareness in meditation and hypnosis, the theory of another’s mind in love and forgiveness, and vicarious enjoyment in altruistic acts. These generative processes may anchor attention and attenuate prepotent tendencies toward egoic thinking, allowing for the transcendence of self-concern in favor of some greater good.
31
Butyrskiy, Evgeniy, and Alexandr Matveev. Mathematical modeling of systems and processes. Strategy of the Future, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/book_011222.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph considers the fundamentals of systems theory and mathematical modeling using the principles of the systems approach. In the monograph, much attention is paid to set-theoretic, dynamic, as well as aggregative and combined models. Based on the group-theoretical approach, a generalization of the theory of signals, their characteristics are considered, their classification and some theorems are carried out. A separate chapter is devoted to mathematical models of signal interaction with the propagation medium. The monograph also considers mathematical models of stochastic signal processing and control systems based on spline filtering, artificial intelligence models and neural networks. The monograph can be useful for a wide range of specialists in various fields of knowledge dealing with mathematical modeling in their research, and can also be used as a teaching aid for conducting both classroom and independent theoretical and practical classes with bachelors, masters, graduate students in the discipline "System Theory and System Analysis", "Mathematical Modeling" and "Optimal and Suboptimal Estimation of Random Processes and Systems".
32
Makse, Todd, Scott Minkoff, and Anand Sokhey. Politics on Display. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190926311.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Political yard signs are one of the most conspicuous features of American political campaigns, yet they have received little attention as a form of political communication or participation. In a climate in which the American public is highly polarized, these symbols are more than simple campaign tools—they are literal markers of partisan identity. As public cues that push into private life, they affect individuals and their neighborhoods, coloring perceptions of social spaces and impacting social networks. In Politics on Display we answer a series of questions about this familiar feature of electoral politics: Why do people put their preferences out there for the world to see? Do neighborhoods become political battlegrounds? And what are the consequences of displaying yard signs in these spaces where we spend most of our time? We answer these questions with an innovative research design, documenting political life in neighborhoods with complementary data sources: street-level observation of the placement of signs and neighborhood-specific survey research that delves into the attitudes, behavior, and social networks of residents. Integrating these data into a geo-database that also includes demographic and election data—and supplementing these data with nationally representative studies—we bring together insights from political communication, political psychology, and political geography. Against a backdrop of today’s political environment of conflict and division, we advance a new understanding of how citizens experience campaigns, why many still insist on airing their views in public, and what happens when social spaces become political spaces.
33
Vertovec, Steven, and Darrell A. Posey, eds. Globalization, Globalism, Environments, and Environmentalism. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199264520.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
In both scientific research and public interest over the past two decades there has been a growing attention to environmental matters. This volume presents the views of a number of leading figures concerning the nature of environmental consciousness and the emergence of connections linking globalization (processes of intensifying social, political, and economic networks), globalism (our sense of the world as a whole), specific environments (such as rainforests or cities), and environmentalism (expressed in the activities of social movement organizations).
34
Blyth, Mark, Oddny Helgadottir, and William Kring. Ideas and Historical Institutionalism. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.8.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter traces the evolution of the ideational research agenda in historical institutionalism. The relationship between ideas as an analytical concept and historical institutionalism as a body of work has varied over time. While there was an opening to ideas in historical institutionalism in the mid- to late 1990s, less attention was paid to ideas as core analytic variables in the decades that followed. The chapter points to the materialist ontology employed by the majority of historical institutionalist scholars, their engagement with rational choice scholars, and the work of ideational scholars themselves as the major sources behind an ‘unconscious uncoupling’ between ideationalists and materialists within historical institutionalism. Following a network analysis of citation patterns, the chapter suggests that a ‘conscious re-coupling’ of ideational and institutional research agendas holds great promise for future historical institutional work.
35
Nakissa, Aria. The Anthropology of Islamic Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932886.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book shows how hermeneutic theory and practice theory can be brought together to analyze cultural, legal, and religious traditions. These ideas are developed through an analysis of the Islamic legal tradition, which examines both Islamic legal doctrine and religious education. In terms of disciplinary orientation, the book combines anthropology and Islamicist history, utilizing both ethnography and in-depth analysis of Arabic religious texts. The book focuses on higher religious learning in contemporary Egypt, examining its intellectual, ethical, and pedagogical dimensions. Data is drawn from over two years of fieldwork inside al-Azhar University, Cairo University’s Dār al-ʿUlūm, and the network of traditional study circles associated with the al-Azhar mosque. Together these sites constitute the most important venue for the transmission of religious learning in the contemporary Muslim world. Although the book gives special attention to contemporary Egypt, it provides a broader analysis relevant to Islamic legal doctrine and religious education throughout history.
36
Naiden, F. S. Military Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386844.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 4 explores the ways in which communication determined the outcome of battles in classical Greece—encounters where an army’s victory would depend upon its continued cohesion and its soldiers’ ability to remain in effective communication with one another. Neither Thucydides nor Xenophon (our principal sources for the battles in question) draws specific attention to these two vital needs, let alone their synergy, but Naiden demonstrates how readily identifiable they are. He draws a distinction between networks of “horizontal” communication among an army’s mass of soldiers on the one hand, and officers’ top-down “vertical” communication on the other, the latter form conveyed by symbolic gestures as well as by verbal instruction.
37
Altman, Michael J. The Business of Asian Religions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190280192.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
As historians of religion in America have turned their attention to the role of markets and money in religious history, their focus has rarely moved beyond American Christianity. Taking the business turn in the study of Asian religions in America means taking a global view of networks and circulation. Using the examples of Swami Vivekananda and Sathya Sai Baba, this chapter argues that these Asian CEO gurus collapse the distinction between business and religion. Through global flows of money and media, Asian religions in America offer an example of why the dichotomy between religion and business needs to be deconstructed.
38
Folino, Antonietta, and Roberto Guarasci, eds. Knowledge Organization and Management in the Domain of Environment and Earth Observation (KOMEEO). Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956508752.
Full textAbstract:
The volume contains the proceedings of the KOMEEO (Knowledge Organization and Management in the domain of Environment and Earth Observation) international conference, organized in the field of the European ERA-PLANET (The European Network for observing our changing Planet) H2020 program. Papers present research projects and experiences related to different aspects of organizing knowledge in the environmental domain, which nowadays is receiving great attention from the European Union. In particular, they address topics related to Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs), to their application in specific contexts, to the extraction of metadata, to the achievement of semantic interoperability. With contributions by Richard Absalom, Prof. Stefano Allegrezza, Dr. Giovanna Aracri, Armando Bartucci, Dr. Assunta Caruso, Prof. Eugenio Casario, Dr. Maria Teresa Chiaravalloti, Sergio Cinnirella, Martin Critelli, Sabina Di Franco, Prof. Antonietta Folino, Dr. Claudia Lanza, Francesca M.C. Messiniti, Prof. Alexander Murzaku, Dr. Anna Perri, Dr. Erika Pasceri, Paolo Plini, Prof. Anna Rovella and Rosamaria Salvatori.
39
Paulus, Paul B., and Bernard A. Nijstad, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Group Creativity and Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190648077.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Much creative work takes place in groups or teams, but also individual creative efforts cannot be seen as separate from a social context. In recent decades, the questions “What makes groups and teams creative?” and “How is creativity shaped by the social context?” have therefore received increasing research attention. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this work and is organized into five sections. After an introductory section, a second section (individuals and groups) discusses issues of group composition, diversity, newcomers, and conflict. The third section, on basic processes and theoretical approaches, discusses cognitive, motivational, and affective processes in groups as they relate to group creativity and provides theoretical approaches to group creativity based on information-processing theory, social identity theory, network theories, and decision-making theories. The fourth section focuses on the (social) context in which group creativity takes place and examines the role of norms and culture, the organizational context, and technology. The final section offers practical applications in terms of effective brainstorming, the role of leadership, and how group creativity plays a role in industry, science, and the arts. This Handbook of Group Creativity not only summarizes the state-of-the-science in group creativity research but also offers many suggestions on how this blossoming field may further develop and on how group creativity may be stimulated in practice.
40
Betancourt, Theresa S., William Beardslee, Catherine Kirk, Katrina Hann, Moses Zombo, Christine Mushashi, Fredrick Kanyanganzi, Morris Munyana, and Justin I. Bizimana. Working with vulnerable populations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199680467.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
We discuss key issues to consider when conducting clinical trials with vulnerable children, youths, and families, with particular attention to groups affected by communal violence/war and families affected by HIV/AIDS. Across these settings, there is an overlap of several forms of adversity and vulnerability which require careful research attention. We also discuss ethical practices with vulnerable groups, including the use of qualitative methods to enhance understanding of local perspectives and language around mental health problems and resilience, planning for risk of harm referral networks, and applications of community-based participatory research (CBPR) techniques. Such approaches can raise community awareness and increase engagement for addressing mental health in vulnerable populations while also informing and promoting practice and policy change. Drawing from examples of work in Sub-Saharan Africa and with refugees in the US, we conclude with a series of recommendations for advancing sensitive research practices with vulnerable populations.
41
Luis, Roniger. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693961.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
This book has explored how the transformed cultural domains of Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay have been affected by postexilic relocations and transnational migrant displacements. By analyzing the role, work, public standing, and institutional insertion of those intellectuals, cultural, and political actors, and by incorporating their direct testimonial statements, the book drew attention to the relevance of studying postauthoritarian developments through the lens of individual and collective participation in public life. It empirically documented the impact of many intellectuals, academics, artists, and political and social activists who left primarily due to political circumstances and the different trajectories they followed. The analysis also stressed the development of the new diasporas as bridges, reflecting the irreversibility of historical events that opened these societies, at varying degrees, to global forces and networks to an extent unknown in the not-too-distant past.
42
Gorlizki, Yoram, and Oleg Khlevniuk. Substate Dictatorship. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300230819.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
How do local leaders govern in a large dictatorship? What resources do they draw on? This book examines these questions by looking at one of the most important authoritarian regimes of the twentieth century. Starting in the early years after the Second World War and taking the story through to the 1970s, the book charts the strategies of Soviet regional leaders, paying particular attention to the forging and evolution of local trust networks. The book begins with an explanation of what dictatorship is and how it works, and it analyzes how countries move from one form of dictatorship to another. It also looks at the most important dictatorships of the modern era in a new perspective. It focuses on the personal dictatorship that formed in the Soviet Union from the 1930s that center on the supreme leader, Joseph Stalin, and talks about substate dictators that were nested in Stalin's statewide dictatorship. The book builds on recent developments in the theory of dictatorship, such as the distinction between the dictator's problem of controlling threats from the masses, the problem of authoritarian control, and the problem of authoritarian power sharing. It discusses the challenges that substate leaders faced after the war and the party-based tools they used to forge networks. The book moves on to examine the stabilization of hierarchies and the changing balance between co-optation and political exclusion after the war, and explores the various ways in which substate leaders responded to new impulses at a regional level. It looks at the succession struggle in Moscow and its effects on the environment in which substate leaders operated. The book's conclusion suggests how a public discursive framework can help provide a benchmark for comparing the Soviet Union with other regimes, including that of contemporary post-communist Russia. It summarizes how substate leaders and their strategies can shed light on dictatorship and on how it changes over time. It also explains that the Soviet case falls into two broad categories, one empirical and historical, the other comparative and theoretical. The chapter draws attention to a parallel act of delegation at the regional level. It also recounts how Joseph Stalin handed over power on a provisional basis to regional leaders due to his inability to penetrate the inner recesses of local administration.
43
McDougal, Topher L. Stateless State-Led Industrialization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792598.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
What befalls economies that descend into violence? This chapter suggests that the splintered trade networks described in Chapter 2 effectively forced firms in Liberia to localize many of their inputs and to internalize many of the functions that would otherwise be external—imitating the effects of import-substitution and state-led industrialization policies. Specifically, the war economy in Liberia mimicked import tariffs, localized the staffs of many companies, raised local content in products, and even spurred technical learning and knowledge accumulation. In calling attention to ways in which violence localized supply chains, this chapter suggests that the interplay between violent predation is itself a reaction to the structure of global value chains.
44
Mehta, Vaishali, Dolly Sharma, Monika Mangla, Anita Gehlot, Rajesh Singh, and Sergio Márquez Sánchez, eds. Challenges and Opportunities for Deep Learning Applications in Industry 4.0. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150360601220101.
Full textAbstract:
The competence of deep learning for the automation and manufacturing sector has received astonishing attention in recent times. The manufacturing industry has recently experienced a revolutionary advancement despite several issues. One of the limitations for technical progress is the bottleneck encountered due to the enormous increase in data volume for processing, comprising various formats, semantics, qualities and features. Deep learning enables detection of meaningful features that are difficult to perform using traditional methods. The book takes the reader on a technological voyage of the industry 4.0 space. Chapters highlight recent applications of deep learning and the associated challenges and opportunities it presents for automating industrial processes and smart applications. Chapters introduce the reader to a broad range of topics in deep learning and machine learning. Several deep learning techniques used by industrial professionals are covered, including deep feedforward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, convolutional networks, sequence modeling, and practical project methodology. Readers will find information on the value of deep learning in applications such as natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, online recommendation systems, bioinformatics, and videogames. The book also discusses prospective research directions that focus on the theory and practical applications of deep learning in industrial automation. Therefore, the book aims to serve as a comprehensive reference guide for industrial consultants interested in industry 4.0, and as a handbook for beginners in data science and advanced computer science courses.
45
Teller, Adam. Rescue the Surviving Souls. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161747.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
A refugee crisis of huge proportions erupted as a result of the mid-seventeenth-century wars in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Tens of thousands of Jews fled their homes, or were captured and trafficked across Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. This is the first book to examine this horrific moment of displacement and flight, and to assess its social, economic, religious, cultural, and psychological consequences. The book traces the entire course of the crisis, shedding fresh light on the refugee experience and the various relief strategies developed by the major Jewish centers of the day. It pays particular attention to those thousands of Jews sent for sale on the slave markets of Istanbul and the extensive transregional Jewish economic network that coalesced to ransom them. It also explores how Jewish communities rallied to support the refugees in central and western Europe, as well as in Poland–Lithuania, doing everything possible to help them overcome their traumatic experiences and rebuild their lives. The book offers an intimate study of an international refugee crisis, from outbreak to resolution, which is profoundly relevant today.
46
Sharlet, Jocelyn. Educated Slave Women and Gift Exchange in Abbasid Culture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622183.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
The chapter argues that although educated slave women played a significant role in Abbasid-era sources, their portrayal has received less attention than that of their free male counterparts. Using stories of gift exchange that feature two slave women, Utba and Inan, it demonstrates how enslaved women participated in the negotiation of their evolving status in the context of patriarchy in general, and educated female slavery in particular. The chapter uses two stories of the participation of such women in episodes of gift exchange to investigate the dynamics of the slave woman’s subjective agency and objectification in accounts of elite male competition. As a theme of Abbasid literature, the exchange of material gifts contributes to a reconstruction of elite networks and hierarchies. The slave woman may be objectified as a gift, but she may also display subjective agency by interfering with her exchange or by giving a gift herself.
47
Higginson, Irene J. Palliative care delivery models. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Palliative care is not integrated into health care in many countries, with a network of services, a medical speciality or sub-speciality, and academic departments. A common distinction exists between generalist and specialist palliative care. Specialist service are dedicated to palliative care, have staff trained in it, and in addition to providing clinical care, engage in education, research, and the measurement of outcomes. Moreover, the patients they care for have more complex needs. Models of service delivery include inpatient palliative care units and hospices, consultation teams (at home, in the community, and in hospitals), day care units, and outpatient services. New models include short-term palliative care services, working in an integrated way with other services. Principles common to all services include a holistic approach (physical, emotional, social, and spiritual), considering the patient and family as the unit of care, and with impeccable attention to listening, communication, and individualized care.
48
Levie-Bernfeld, Tirtsah. Poverty and Welfare Among the Portuguese Jews in Early Modern Amsterdam. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113577.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Early modern Amsterdam was a prosperous city renowned for its relative tolerance, and many people hoping for a better future, away from persecution, wars, and economic malaise, chose to make a new life there. Conversos and Jews from many countries were among them, attracted by the reputed wealth and benevolence of the Portuguese Jews who had settled there. Behind the facade of prosperity, however, poverty was a serious problem. It preoccupied the leadership of the Portuguese Jewish community and influenced its policy on admitting newcomers. This book looks at poverty and welfare from the perspective of both benefactors and recipients. The book analyses benefactors' motives for philanthropy and charts its dimensions; it also examines the decision-making processes of communal bodies and private philanthropists, identifying the cultural influences that shaped their commitment to welfare. At the same time the book succeeds in bringing the poor to life: it examines what brought them to Amsterdam, aspects of their daily life in the petitions they sent to the different welfare institutions, and the survival strategies offered by work, education, and charity. The book also considers the related questions of social mobility and the motivation of the poor for joining the Amsterdam Portuguese community, and finally, to the small but active groups of Sephardi bandits who formed their own clandestine networks. Special attention is paid to poor women, who were often singled out for relief. In this way the book makes a much-needed contribution to the study of gender, in Jewish society and more generally.
49
Baecker, Ronald M. Computers and Society. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827085.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The last century has seen enormous leaps in the development of digital technologies, and most aspects of modern life have changed significantly with their widespread availability and use. Technology at various scales - supercomputers, corporate networks, desktop and laptop computers, the internet, tablets, mobile phones, and processors that are hidden in everyday devices and are so small you can barely see them with the naked eye - all pervade our world in a major way. Computers and Society: Modern Perspectives is a wide-ranging and comprehensive textbook that critically assesses the global technical achievements in digital technologies and how are they are applied in media; education and learning; medicine and health; free speech, democracy, and government; and war and peace. Ronald M. Baecker reviews critical ethical issues raised by computers, such as digital inclusion, security, safety, privacy,automation, and work, and discusses social, political, and ethical controversies and choices now faced by society. Particular attention is paid to new and exciting developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning, and the issues that have arisen from our complex relationship with AI.
50
Cottrell, Stephen, and Angela Impey. Community Music and Ethnomusicology. Edited by Brydie-Leigh Bartleet and Lee Higgins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219505.013.12.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter reflects on the similarities and differences between community music and applied ethnomusicology. We argue that to describe a particular study as belonging to one or the other of these sub-disciplines is often as much a reflection of scholarly networks and frameworks as it is evidence of differences in methodology or approach. The chapter introduces a number of case studies from South Africa, and focuses in particular on a community archiving project in the iSimangaliso Wetlands Park. These case studies are used to illustrate the different inflections that may pertain to the terms ‘community music’ or ‘applied ethnomusicology’, while also demonstrating the overlaps between them. Finally, attention is drawn to the risks that are always involved in cultural interventions, regardless of from where they may emanate.