To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Attentional refreshing.
Journal articles on the topic 'Attentional refreshing'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Attentional refreshing.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rey, Amandine E., Rémy Versace, and Gaën Plancher. "When a Reactivated Visual Mask Disrupts Serial Recall." Experimental Psychology 65, no. 5 (September 2018): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000414.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. To prevent forgetting in working memory, the attentional refreshing is supposed to increase the level of activation of memory traces by focusing attention. However, the involvement of memory traces reactivation in refreshing relies in the majority on indirect evidence. The aim of this study was to show that refreshing relies on the reactivation of memory traces by investigating how the reactivation of an irrelevant trace prevents the attentional refreshing to take place, and (2) the memory traces reactivated are sensorial in nature. We used a reactivated visual mask presented during the encoding (Experiment 1) and the refreshing (Experiment 2) of pictures in a complex span task. Results showed impaired serial recall performance in both experiments when the mask was reactivated compared to a control stimulus. Experiment 3 confirmed the refreshing account of these results. We proposed that refreshing relies on the reactivation of sensory memory traces.
2
Camos, Valérie, Matthew Johnson, Vanessa Loaiza, Sophie Portrat, Alessandra Souza, and Evie Vergauwe. "What is attentional refreshing in working memory?" Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1424, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13616.
Full text
3
Oftinger, Anne-Laure, and Valerie Camos. "Maintenance Mechanisms in Children’s Verbal Working Memory." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v6n1p16.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Previous research in adults has indicated two maintenance mechanisms of verbal information in working memory, i.e., articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing. However, only three studies have examined their joint contribution to children’s verbal working memory. The present study aimed at extending this line of research by investigating the developmental changes occurring from 6 to 9 years old. In two experiments using complex span tasks, children of three different age groups maintained letters or words while performing a concurrent task. The opportunity for attentional refreshing was manipulated by varying the attentional demand of the concurrent task. Moreover, this task was performed either silently by pressing keys or aloud, the latter inducing a concurrent articulation. As expected, recall performance increased strongly with age. More interestingly, concurrent articulation had a detrimental effect on recall even in 6-year-old children. Similarly, introducing a concurrent attention-demanding task impaired recall performance at all ages. Finally, the effect of the availability of rehearsal and of attentional refreshing never interacted at any age. This suggested an independence of the two mechanisms in the maintenance of verbal information in children’s working memory. Implications for the development of rehearsal use and for the role of attention in working memory are discussed.</p>
4
Nees, Michael A., Ellen Corrini, Peri Leong, and Joanna Harris. "Maintenance of memory for melodies: Articulation or attentional refreshing?" Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 24, no. 6 (March 23, 2017): 1964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1269-9.
Full text
5
Oftinger, Anne-Laure, and Valérie Camos. "Developmental improvement in strategies to maintain verbal information in working memory." International Journal of Behavioral Development 42, no. 2 (November 16, 2016): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025416679741.
Full textAbstract:
Although it has been proposed that maintenance of verbal information in adults’ working memory relies on two strategies, articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing, little is known about the interplay of these strategies in children. To examine strategy changes around the age of seven, children were asked to maintain digits during a retention interval introduced between encoding and recall. In Experiment 1, this interval was either unfilled in a delayed span task or filled with an attention-demanding task in a Brown-Peterson task. This concurrent task was either silent or aloud to vary the availability of rehearsal. Experiment 2 introduced variation in the attentional demand of the concurrent task, and an independent concurrent articulation. As predicted, recall performance was better in older children, but was reduced under concurrent articulation or when attention was less available, bringing further evidence in favor of two maintenance strategies. Moreover, the measure of the availability of attention for refreshing was correlated with recall performance in eight- and seven-year-olds, though only when rehearsal was impeded for seven-year-olds, but it did not correlate with six-year-olds’ recall. This could suggest that rehearsal is the default strategy in young children who can adaptively switch to refreshing when articulatory processes are unavailable.
6
Lemaire, Benoît, Aurore Pageot, Gaën Plancher, and Sophie Portrat. "What is the time course of working memory attentional refreshing?" Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1282-z.
Full text
7
Johnson, Matthew R., and Marcia K. Johnson. "Top–Down Enhancement and Suppression of Activity in Category-selective Extrastriate Cortex from an Act of Reflective Attention." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 12 (December 2009): 2320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21183.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research has demonstrated top–down attentional modulation of activity in extrastriate category-selective visual areas while stimuli are in view (perceptual attention) and after they are removed from view (reflective attention). Perceptual attention is capable of both enhancing and suppressing activity in category-selective areas relative to a passive viewing baseline. In this study, we demonstrate that a brief, simple act of reflective attention (“refreshing”) is also capable of both enhancing and suppressing activity in some scene-selective areas (the parahippocampal place area [PPA]) but not others (refreshing resulted in enhancement but not in suppression in the middle occipital gyrus [MOG]). This suggests that different category-selective extrastriate areas preferring the same class of stimuli may contribute differentially to reflective processing of one's internal representations of such stimuli.
8
Portrat, Sophie, and Benoît Lemaire. "Is Attentional Refreshing in Working Memory Sequential? A Computational Modeling Approach." Cognitive Computation 7, no. 3 (July 23, 2014): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12559-014-9294-8.
Full text
9
Camos, Valérie, Gerome Mora, and Klaus Oberauer. "Adaptive choice between articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing in verbal working memory." Memory & Cognition 39, no. 2 (November 18, 2010): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-010-0011-x.
Full text
10
Loaiza, Vanessa M., Kayla A. Duperreault, Matthew G. Rhodes, and David P. McCabe. "Long-term semantic representations moderate the effect of attentional refreshing on episodic memory." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 22, no. 1 (June 14, 2014): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0673-7.
Full text
11
Li, Jie, Lauri Oksama, and Jukka Hyönä. "Close coupling between eye movements and serial attentional refreshing during multiple-identity tracking." Journal of Cognitive Psychology 30, no. 5-6 (May 27, 2018): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2018.1476517.
Full text
12
Abadie, Marlène, and Valérie Camos. "Attentional refreshing moderates the word frequency effect in immediate and delayed recall tasks." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1424, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13847.
Full text
13
Vergauwe, Evie, and Naomi Langerock. "Attentional refreshing of information in working memory: Increased immediate accessibility of just-refreshed representations." Journal of Memory and Language 96 (October 2017): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2017.05.001.
Full text
14
AuBuchon, Angela M., William G. Kronenberger, Lindsay Stone, and David B. Pisoni. "Strategy Use on Clinical Administrations of Short-Term and Working Memory Tasks." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 38, no. 8 (July 15, 2020): 954–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282920930924.
Full textAbstract:
Experimental measures of working memory that minimize rehearsal and maximize attentional control best predict higher-order cognitive abilities. These tasks fundamentally differ from clinically administered span tasks, which do not control strategy use. Participants engaged in concurrent articulation (to limit rehearsal) or concurrent tapping (to limit attentional refreshing) during forward and backward serial recall with each of three distinct stimulus sets: digits, line drawings of common objects, and images of nonsense symbols. The span tasks used common clinical stopping and scoring procedures. Scores were highest for digits and lowest for novel symbols in all combinations of direction and concurrent task. Furthermore, concurrent articulation and concurrent tapping interfered with backward recall to the same degree. Together, these findings indicate that clinically administered immediate serial recall tasks depend on both rehearsal and long-term lexical knowledge making it difficult to use these tasks to separate problems in language ability from problems in attention.
15
Loaiza, Vanessa M., Matthew G. Rhodes, and Julia Anglin. "The Influence of Age-Related Differences in Prior Knowledge and Attentional Refreshing Opportunities on Episodic Memory." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 70, no. 5 (December 3, 2013): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt119.
Full text
16
Bayliss, Donna M., Jade Bogdanovs, and Christopher Jarrold. "Consolidating working memory: Distinguishing the effects of consolidation, rehearsal and attentional refreshing in a working memory span task." Journal of Memory and Language 81 (May 2015): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2014.12.004.
Full text
17
Loaiza, Vanessa M., and David P. McCabe. "The influence of aging on attentional refreshing and articulatory rehearsal during working memory on later episodic memory performance." Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 20, no. 4 (July 2013): 471–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2012.738289.
Full text
18
Popov, Vencislav, Ivan Marevic, Jan Rummel, and Lynne M. Reder. "Forgetting Is a Feature, Not a Bug: Intentionally Forgetting Some Things Helps Us Remember Others by Freeing Up Working Memory Resources." Psychological Science 30, no. 9 (July 30, 2019): 1303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619859531.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, we used an item-method directed-forgetting paradigm to test whether instructions to forget or remember one item affect memory for subsequently studied items. In two experiments ( Ns = 138 and 33, respectively), recall was higher when a word pair was preceded during study by a to-be-forgotten word pair. This effect was cumulative: Performance increased when more preceding study items were to be forgotten. The effect decreased when memory was conditioned on instructions for items appearing farther back in the study list. Experiment 2 used a dual-task paradigm that suppressed, during encoding, verbal rehearsal or attentional refreshing. Neither task removed the effect, ruling out that rehearsal or attentional borrowing is responsible for the advantage conferred from previous to-be-forgotten items. We propose that memory formation depletes a limited resource that recovers over time and that to-be-forgotten items consume fewer resources, leaving more resources available for storing subsequent items. A computational model implementing the theory provided excellent fits to the data.
19
Johnson, Matthew R., Gregory McCarthy, Kathleen A. Muller, Samuel N. Brudner, and Marcia K. Johnson. "Electrophysiological Correlates of Refreshing: Event-related Potentials Associated with Directing Reflective Attention to Face, Scene, or Word Representations." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 9 (September 2015): 1823–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00823.
Full textAbstract:
Refreshing is the component cognitive process of directing reflective attention to one of several active mental representations. Previous studies using fMRI suggested that refresh tasks involve a component process of initiating refreshing as well as the top–down modulation of representational regions central to refreshing. However, those studies were limited by fMRI's low temporal resolution. In this study, we used EEG to examine the time course of refreshing on the scale of milliseconds rather than seconds. ERP analyses showed that a typical refresh task does have a distinct electrophysiological response as compared to a control condition and includes at least two main temporal components: an earlier (∼400 msec) positive peak reminiscent of a P3 response and a later (∼800–1400 msec) sustained positivity over several sites reminiscent of the late directing attention positivity. Overall, the evoked potentials for refreshing representations from three different visual categories (faces, scenes, words) were similar, but multivariate pattern analysis showed that some category information was nonetheless present in the EEG signal. When related to previous fMRI studies, these results are consistent with a two-phase model, with the first phase dominated by frontal control signals involved in initiating refreshing and the second by the top–down modulation of posterior perceptual cortical areas that constitutes refreshing a representation. This study also lays the foundation for future studies of the neural correlates of reflective attention at a finer temporal resolution than is possible using fMRI.
20
Káldi, Tamás, and Anna Babarczy. "Linguistic focus guides attention during the encoding and refreshing of Working Memory content." Journal of Memory and Language 116 (February 2021): 104187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2020.104187.
Full text
21
Fortney, Mark. "Unity in the Scientific Study of Intellectual Attention." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 50, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 444–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/can.2019.45.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractI argue that using information from a cognitive representation to guide the performance of a primary task is sufficient for intellectual attention, and that this account of attention is endorsed by scientists working in the refreshing, n-back, and retro-cue paradigms. I build on the work of Wayne Wu (2014), who developed a similarly motivated account, but for perceptual attention rather than intellectual attention. The way that I build on Wu’s account provides a principled way of responding to Watzl’s (2011a, 2017) challenge to Wu, according to which Wu’s style of account is unintuitively broad. The fact that I find unity in the practice of science puts us in a position to resist the claim that scientists studying intellectual attention are frequently failing to study the same thing.
22
Yu, Tian Tian, and Wei Ping Hu. "Study on Application of Membrane Materials in Home Decoration Design." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1551.
Full textAbstract:
the application of membrane materials in construction and interior design did not attract much attention until the application of membrane in Water Cube. By applying new building materials to home decoration design, we can make interior design more brilliant and meet high-end pursuits. Membrane materials are lightweight, tensile, pliable and highly resistant to UV and chemicals. They have long useful life, self-cleaning ability, translucence and high melting point. The application of these materials will make villa design refreshing. Besides meeting people’s needs for a comfortable living, they are also more environment-friendly.
23
Kringlen, Einar. "Theory of Schizophrenia: Comments." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, S23 (April 1994): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000292751.
Full textAbstract:
Since Gregory Bateson and his co-workers presented their double-blind theory of the aetiology of schizophrenia in the 1950s, no grand comprehensive theory of the disorder has appeared. The double-blind theory was never accepted by the worldwide psychiatric community, and empirical research during the 1970s gave no support to it. In recent years, psychiatrists have focused attention on limited aspects of the illness, and mini-theories have flourished, but this tendency has been typical for the social sciences in general. Therefore, it is refreshing to have two attempts to integrate biological, psychological, and social viewpoints. But have these succeeded?
24
Heggart, Keith, Rick Flowers, Nina Burridge, and James Arvanitakis. "Refreshing critical pedagogy and citizenship education through the lens of justice and complexity pedagogy." Global Studies of Childhood 8, no. 4 (December 2018): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043610618814846.
Full textAbstract:
Maximal citizenship educators are committed to advancing an approach to citizenship learning with the following staple features: learner-centred; experiential; problem- and action-oriented; racialised, classed and gendered analysis of power; and strengthening the public sphere and democracy. This type of approach to education shares many similarities with the principles of critical pedagogy. However, there have been valid arguments that Frankfurt School Critical Theory inspired pedagogy still tends to focus on class, at the expense of gender and race, analyses. This article seeks ways to refresh and extend the language and theoretical frameworks used by critical pedagogues. To do so, it will deploy the terms justice pedagogy and complexity pedagogy. The adjective ‘justice’ does the same work as ‘critical’ in signalling the commitment to using education as a means to bring about a more socially just world. The recent rise in scholarship in complexity thinking lends itself to conceptualising critical pedagogy in necessarily fresh ways. This article draws attention to the kindred nature of guiding concepts in complexity thinking and critical pedagogy, including grassroots organising, distributed decision-making and emergent learning, before presenting a description of how such approaches might refresh critical pedagogy through a critical citizenship education programme using justice pedagogy. This example illustrates the way that justice pedagogy can inform decisions about appropriate teaching and learning strategies for children and young people today growing up in an increasingly globalised world.
25
Vergauwe, Evie, Kyle O. Hardman, Jeffrey N. Rouder, Emily Roemer, Sara McAllaster, and Nelson Cowan. "Searching for serial refreshing in working memory: Using response times to track the content of the focus of attention over time." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 23, no. 6 (April 11, 2016): 1818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1038-1.
Full text
26
Hirschl, Ran. "The Courts." Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, no. 1 (March 2007): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423907070254.
Full textAbstract:
The Courts, Ian Greene, The Canadian Democratic Audit Series; Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2006, pp. xvii, 182.This book is another welcome addition to the Canadian Democratic Audit Series. It sets out to assess the democratic credentials of Canada's judiciary—a most significant branch of government in post-1982 Canada. The book's approach is refreshing in several respects. Instead of the traditional focus on the well-rehearsed debate over the questionable democratic credentials of judicial review, the book attempts to evaluate the adequacy of the Canadian court system in relation to three basic tenets of democracy: participation, inclusiveness, and responsiveness. Unlike most accounts of Canadian political institutions, it pays due attention to elements of the court system beyond the Supreme Court of Canada. In so doing, Greene is able to assess more accurately whether the Canadian judiciary as a whole is living up to that set of reasonable democratic expectations.
27
MOHR, BARBARA A. R. "THE PRUSSIAN GEOSCIENTIST, ENGINEER AND PAINTER AUGUST VON HEYDEN (1827–1897): AN ARTISTIC CHRONICLER OF THE WORLD OF MINING DURING THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY." Earth Sciences History 37, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-37.2.403.
Full textAbstract:
August von Heyden's (1827–1897) life was exceptional in several ways. His first career as a geologist and mining engineer gave him inspirations for his second career as a painter. Partly he found the themes for his oeuvre in his immediate surrounding, namely in- and outside of mines, which made him a chronicler of mining activities for his times. The work of this Prussian painter was highly appreciated during the last third of the nineteenth century, also known as the Wilhelminian era. Today his book illustrations, paintings and frescos are usually seen as those of an artist of late romanticism and realism based on some of the mythological scenes and the ‘glory of the Middle Age’ which he depicted on canvas. His paintings have received little attention from art historians, even though he might be considered to have been the forerunner of several different styles that were in vogue during the first third of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, his unusual abilities to catch moments of everyday life in his drawings are very refreshing.
28
Carvalho, João, and Célio Sousa. "Is Psychological Value a Missing Building Block in Societal Sustainability?" Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 4550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124550.
Full textAbstract:
Value creation is a constitutive and defining aspect in organizational ventures. This is unsurprising, as it is required for organizational survival and sustainability. Approaches based on the creation of economic, social and ecological value draw attention to the multiple and multiplicative nature of value creation. While academia still acknowledges the conceptual value of such approaches, a framework that add a psychological dimension to the established Elkington’s triple-bottom line model seems particularly refreshing and inspiring. Relying on the concepts of psychological value and sustainability, this paper presents the outcomes of an exploratory empirical study involving managers and users/customers of four organizations in the social sector in Portugal. This study discusses how managers and users/customers of these organizations make sense of and value psychological value. The outcomes of the interviews with both managers and users/customers shed light into the unexplored, hazy and neglected analytical links that may exist between psychological value and broader perspectives on sustainability. We conclude that this novel approach enhances our understanding about the impact that a social product can have in societal sustainability.
29
Puccinelli, Ellen. "Like Sustenance for the Masses: Genre Resistance, Cultural Identity, and the Achievement of Like Water for Chocolate." Ethnic Studies Review 19, no. 2-3 (June 1, 1996): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.1996.19.2-3.209.
Full textAbstract:
Laura Esquivel's 1989 Mexican novel Like Water for Chocolate, neither translated into English nor published in the United States until 1992, was both an American bestseller and the basis for an acclaimed motion picture. Interestingly, though, Esquivel's work also seems to be receiving glimmers of the type of critical attention generally reserved for less “popular” works. Two particular critical studies composed in English, one by Kathleen Glenn and the other by Cecelia Lawless, have been devoted entirely to Chocolate, and both of the scholar/authors grace the faculties of reputable American institutions of higher learning. As a student whose academic experience has been replete with elitist attitudes and expressions of disdain for anything that smacks of an appeal to the masses, I was intrigued by Chocolate for this very reason; in a world where scholarly boundaries seem unalterably fixed, a work that appears capable of crossing these rigid lines is, in my opinion, both rare and admirably refreshing. In my studies, I have often hoped for more communication between “popular” and “scholarly” literature; Esquivel's novel provides not only opportunities for this dialogue but for other cross-genre discussions as well.
30
Chiu, Hsiao-Hui, Lee-Ing Tsao, and Mei-Hsiang Lin. "Suffering Exhausted Life Like Burning at Both Ends of a Candle - Women With Menopausal Fatigue." International Journal of Studies in Nursing 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v5i1.722.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Fatigue is a common complaints for perimenopausal or menopausal women. It is a subjective feeling and deeply affect women's lives. Studies evaluating it as a marker for diseases or the transition of menopause among menopausal women are lacking.Aims: To explore the life experiences among women with menopausal fatigue.Methods: In- depth interview were conducted with 17 Taiwanese women with a mean age of 52.2years, who perceived themselves as getting tired or exhausted life but have no major or serious diseases were invited by in-depth interviewed. Data were analyzed by constant comparative method.Results: “Suffering exhausted life like burning at both ends of a candle” was the core category for describing and guiding the process of women with menopausal fatigue. During this process, “Energy Exhaustion” was identified as the antecedent condition. Once the woman became aware, she would begin the process of “Suffering exhausted life like burning at both ends of a candle”. This process would be marked by action and interaction among the categories of “Need refreshing or diverting attention”, “Seeking family or significance others help and supports”, and “Arranging leisure activities and exercise”. Throughout this process women viewed their fatigue life by acceptance by “Slowing and modifying my life paces” or retrieval it but felt frustration and recycling the process of Energy Exhaustion.Conclusion: Menopausal fatigue was viewed as suffering exhausted life like burning at both ends of a candle instead of a silent life message. It is like menopausal symptoms needing to attention.
31
Sanborn, Lura. "Information Literacy and Instruction: The Future of Academic Librarianship: MOOCs and the Robot Revolution." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n2.97.
Full textAbstract:
Many aspects of a librarian’s job require so much attention to detail that we forget to take a moment to sit back and imagine the possibilities of the information world. Lura Sanborn offers you that respite here as she ponders the future of libraries . . . with robots. She describes the features of a variety of existing technologies—including a robot currently working for a Connecticut public library—and poses many questions about how digitization and artificial intelligence might affect librarian employment in the future. She combines a refreshingly light style with copious quotes from popular and academic literature. Ultimately, she urges readers to consider possibilities, what those possibilities mean for librarians as a profession, and how our information needs might be met in the future.—Editor
32
Marni, Erna, and Rani Lisa Indra. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION (STRESS) OF NURSES IN CARING FOR COVID-19 PATIENTS." Jurnal Keperawatan Abdurrab 5, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jka.v5i1.1837.
Full textAbstract:
The nursing profession is a health profession that has an important influence on health services, during the Covid-19 pandemic, nurses are the most vulnerable profession, both the risk of infection from the patient being treated and the recession of psychological disorders such as stress, considering that nurses are facing patients 24 hours will have the greatest impact both physically and psychologically. This study aims to see the psychological picture (stress) of nurses caring for Covid-19 patients. The research method used is a type of quantitative research with analytic descriptions, with a survey method. The population of this study was all nurses who served in the Covid-19 room in Riau province with a total sample of 50 nurses. The sampling technique used a survey method, using a questionnaire via Google Form. The results obtained were normal 43 respondents (86%), light stress 5 respondents (10%), and moderate stress 2 respondents (4%). From these results, it is known that 14% of respondents experienced mild and moderate stress. It is hoped that the hospital can pay attention to the psychological condition of nurses by facilitating/giving nurses time for relaxation or making refreshing programs to reduce the risk of stress on nurses.
33
Sonjak, Marko. "A CROSS-CURRICULAR APPROACH TO SPORT AND MATHEMATICS BY MEANS OF ICT." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 18, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/21.18.29.
Full textAbstract:
Students are usually more motivated to work in a sport class than in a math class. This research combined both subjects into one class. A combined class with a cross-curricular approach was introduced in the 6th year of primary school. Three teachers, who teach sport and math in the 6th grade, jointly planned a lesson for refreshing the students' knowledge of basic geometrical concepts. To raise students' motivation for work, tablet computers were used in the class, and the Geogebra, Actionbound and Socrative applications. In the combined class, students had to use their bodies to illustrate different geometric notions. A symbol was chosen, and the students had to use sporting equipment to, by means of a relay, act out this symbol using their interrelationships. They had to pay attention to all the little details which are also important when drawing in a notebook. It was anticipated that recognizing geometric notions after that lesson would be at a higher level than before. The Socrative application was used at the end of the lesson to get a feedback on better understanding of the subject and to identify the positive effects of the cross-curricular approach. Keywords: cross-curricular approach, ICT, primary school, useful knowledge
34
Sedgwick, Mitchell W. "Complicit Positioning: Anthropological Knowledge and Problems of ‘Studying Up’ for Ethnographer-Employees of Corporations." Journal of Business Anthropology 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/jba.v6i1.5317.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary work by ‘corporate ethnographers’, as employees of businesses, offers a refreshing perspective on Anthropology’s ‘crisis of representation’ and its extensions—from neo-colonial concerns and reflexivity, to para-ethnographic and recursive approaches—that are increasingly characterized by complicit relations between ethnographers and their informants/‘collaborators’. This article focusses on the history and politics of ethnographers’ positionality in field research and the analytic products of, and audiences for, their work. It contrasts the often confounded labor of ‘anthropologists of business’ with that of ‘corporate ethnographers’, who work for businesses, while highlighting that, for both, the ‘studying up’ (Nader 1974 [1969]) methodology required for research at business sites disrupts assumptions surrounding the politics of traditional ethnographic fieldwork. Tracing shifts in core interests across general Anthropology, it is argued that close attention to new sitings and circumstances of fieldwork—including studying up in businesses—could productively drive reconsiderations of methodology, ethics and, therefore, epistemology in Anthropology.In this context, corporate ethnographers, who are often formally trained in Anthropology, are specifically encouraged to analytically engage with the problematics of their perhaps-awkward complicities with their employers. It is suggested that, alongside the work of anthropologists of business, corporate ethnographers—should they choose to do so—are well-positioned to assist in exposing the black box of the culture(s) of secrecy through which the work of corporations intimately penetrates modern life.
35
Mészáros, Péter, and Dorottya Molnár-Kovács. "Homes of Crimes Social Stratification as Location Strategy in the Hungarian Family Crime Drama Aranyélet ‘Golden Life’." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2019-0025.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHBO Hungary’s original series, Aranyélet, proves to be an interesting case study in terms of location strategies in Eastern European TV shows. It is refreshing in the sense that – contrary to other TV programmes attempting to showcase life in Budapest – it does not feel the need to represent locality by swamping the viewer with iconic tourist destinations of the capital. Instead, the characteristic “Hungarianness” of the show appears through displaying personal living spaces of people from a wide range of socio-cultural backgrounds, all of which represent the typical Hungarian strata.In our paper, we have used a simplified categorization of social classes apparent in Hungarian society and connected these groups with characters of Aranyélet. Then, we have scrutinized the living spaces of these characters as represented in the show, paying special attention to their likely location, furnishing, building materials, and general condition. By this analysis, we aim to prove that the show tries to create an alternative mental map of Budapest and its population, covering all strata of society with painting a picture of their lifestyle and living conditions.Our paper draws on the work of Kim Toft Hansen and Anne Marit Waade, who, in their volume Locating Nordic Noir – From Beck to The Bridge, place a large emphasis on aspects of location studies in contemporary Scandinavian crime.
36
Moore, Rickie D. "John Goldingay’s Theology of the Book of Isaiah: An Appreciative Response." Journal of Pentecostal Theology 25, no. 1 (April 20, 2016): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455251-02501004.
Full textAbstract:
This review of John Goldingay’s Theology of the Book of Isaiah, presented in the light of Goldingay’s fruitful engagements with Pentecostal scholars for many years, affirms its deft handling of the richness and complexities of Isaiah’s thought in a way that is highly accessible and refreshingly creative. Particular note is taken of Goldingay’s skillful way of laying out the theological themes of the book of Isaiah in relation to its structural features, both in its parts and in its entirety, and also to the author’s effective rhetorical tactic of drawing out the newness of Isaiah’s key theological terms by rendering and elaborating them in entirely fresh ways. The review points to two areas that might have been given more attention in Goldingay’s work as key embodiments of Isaiah’s theology: the historical narratives in Isaiah that focus on Ahaz and Hezekiah, respectively, and the theme of the raising up of children.
37
Bolton, Kingsley, David Graddol, and Rajend Mesthrie. "A moving and mystifying target language?" English Today 24, no. 4 (November 7, 2008): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078408000321.
Full textAbstract:
This issue presents a selection of articles on English in various contexts and settings, with a significant focus on education in the first four. Susan Van Rooy describes the language experiences of South Korean academics and their families in a small town in South Africa, and the consequences of their stay abroad for their English language proficiency. She reminds us that not all EFL learners of English have the ‘Inner Circle’ mainstream as their model: Potchefstroom, South Africa offers a mix between Inner and Outer Circle, probably having more features of the latter. Christian Burrows writes about methodologies of EFL classrooms in Japan, where cultural constraints make TBL (Task-Based Learning) more challenging than its Western proponents realise. The next two articles emphasise the need to pay attention to colloquial spoken language. Manfred Markus writes about the need to focus on phonetic accuracy in EFL teaching, or at least to try and replicate mainstream norms as much as possible. Fan Xianlong contributes a paper on the ever-changing spoken norms of the mainstream, based on his experiences as a visiting scholar in the United States. Although many of the features he describes are well known to Western sociolinguists, the article presents a refreshing perspective of how complex the notion of ‘target language’ must be to users of ESL and EFL. More often it is a moving and mystifying target, with its cultural and political minefields that find their way into everyday usage.
38
Fauré, Bertrand, François Cooren, and Frédérik Matte. "To speak or not to speak the language of numbers: accounting as ventriloquism." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 337–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-07-2017-3013.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on accounting’s performativity by developing a ventriloquial perspective that directs the attention to the reciprocity between the accounting signs and the accountants: they both do things by making each other speak. This oscillation explains where accounting number’s authority, materiality and resistance come from. Design/methodology/approach In order to show the relevance of this approach, the authors examine various ways numbers manage to speak or do things in the context of video-recorded conversations taken from fieldwork completed with Médecins sans frontières (also known as Doctors without Borders) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Findings The analyses show how this ventriloquial perspective can inform the way the authors interpret what happens: when numbers do not say the same thing; when numbers are competing with other figures; and when numbers backfire on their own promoters. Research limitations/implications Even if some of the numbers studied are sometimes far from accounting per se, it shows how the absence or presence of accounting can make a difference. Practical implications The authors then discuss the implications of this research for accounting social innovation through accounting inscriptions. Social implications This perspective helps to understand that numbers can give great power, but that everything cannot be told with numbers. This is why making numbers speak is a great talent. Originality/value This refreshing perspective on accounting could be extended to other fields such as auditing and auditing.
39
الحمداني, حمدية محمد شهوان. "STUDY THE SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SOME TYPES OF JUICES THAT MADE BY USING NATURAL SWEETENER POWDER (Stevia rebaudiana)." iraqi journal of market research and consumer protection 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc12.2.2020.(15).
Full textAbstract:
Increased diseases and obesity currently due to increased production and excessive consumption of foods manufactured from non-food sweeteners without attention to the risk of consuming those additional high calories due to consuming these refreshing products such as juices and other various drinks, especially in the summer season by most segments of Iraqi society, especially workers, children and school students the aim of this study. Therefore, the study designed to replace sucrose with 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05% of each of the white stevia crystals and milled dry stevia leaves in the laboratory manufacture of juices and its effect on the general and sensory characteristics and the extent of their acceptability among the specialized residents. In addition to the control treatment, this was manufactured according to the specifications and concentration of the ingredients of juices manufactured by one of the locally famous juices manufacturing plants (Al-Shahir Factories) as a control treatment, with an added sucrose percentage of 8%. The results showed that the addition of stevia plant at 0.03 and 0.04% was most acceptable by sensory experts. The prepared orange juice was also analyzed for pH, titration acidity, dry matter, and density. The results also showed that by increasing the concentration of sweetener with the milled stevia plant, the pH of the mixture decreased and the acidity of the juice also increased. Whereas the juices with white stevia crystals were flavored with sweetness, clearer, more firm and acceptable by panelists.
40
Moodie, Crawford. "Adult smokers’ perceptions of cigarette pack inserts promoting cessation: a focus group study." Tobacco Control 27, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053372.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionTobacco companies have a long tradition of including promotional material within cigarette packs, such as cigarette cards and coupons. Only in Canada are they required, by the government, to include educational material within cigarette packs, in the form of inserts highlighting the benefits of quitting or providing tips on how to do so.MethodsTwenty focus groups were conducted in Glasgow and Edinburgh in 2015, with smokers (n=120) segmented by age (16–17, 18–24, 25–35, 36–50, >50), gender and social grade, to explore perceptions of the inserts used in Canada.ResultsThe consensus was that these inserts would capture attention and be read due to their novelty and visibility before reaching the cigarettes, and as they can be removed from the pack. While they may be ignored or discarded, and rotation was considered necessary, they were generally thought to prolong the health message. The positive style of messaging was described as refreshing, educational, encouraging, reassuring and inspirational and thought to increase message engagement. It was regarded as more sympathetic than command-style messaging, offering smokers ‘a bit of hope’. The inserts were often considered preferable to the on-pack warnings, although it was felt that both were needed. Some participants suggested that inserts could encourage them to stop smoking, and they were generally viewed as having the potential to alter the behaviour of others, particularly younger people, would-be smokers and those wanting to quit.ConclusionsInserts are an inexpensive means of communication and offer regulators a simple way of supplementing on-pack warnings.
41
Dr. Kamrun Nahar, Prof. Dr. Belal Ahmed, and Prof. Dr. Md. Khorshed Alam. "The impact of pictorial warning attached on cigarette packet to the attitude of smoking habit." Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 2, Number 1 (January 1, 2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2020.v0201.05.
Full textAbstract:
This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted to assess the effect pictorial warning message on cigarette packets to the attitude and practice of smokers using a semi-structured questionnaire employing purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 214 by face to face interview carried out in different cities, towns, and villages of Bangladesh from August 2016 to February 2017. Almost 97.6% were male and Most of the respondents (40.9%) belonged to the 20-29 years age group. Majority (58.3%) of them were educated from secondary to graduate few percent below primary. Highest 22.9% respondents were students followed by 17.6% private job holder, 16.9% day labor and only 1.4% was jobless. About 40.2% started smoking by the influence of friends, 26.2% started on curiosity and 20% due to depression and majority 41.0% smoked 1-5 cigarette sticks per day. More than half (65.5%) of respondents felt relax to refreshing by smoking and about two third 77.6% continued their smoking due to habitual act or psychological pleasure Almost 93.4% gave attention to the pictorial warning on the cigarette packets. About 46.4% thought pictorial warning in cigarette packets alarms for not to smoke and only 23.8% thought smoking will cause cancer; 21.4% thought smoking is injurious to health. After seeing the pictorial warning on cigarettes 57.6% reduced the smoking number of sticks per day also attempted to quit smoking. To reduce this restricting the advertisement of tobacco, arranging campaign to raise awareness among people about the health and environmental hazards of smoking and increase the tax on tobacco.
42
DASKALOV, ROUMEN. "The Balkans: Identities, Wars, Memories." Contemporary European History 13, no. 4 (November 2004): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777304001948.
Full textAbstract:
Neven Andjelić, Bosnia-Herzegovina. The End of a Tragedy (London: Frank Cass, 2003), 228 pp., $34.95 (pb), ISBN 0-7146-8431-7.Tom Gallagher, The Balkans after the Cold War. From Tyranny to Tragedy (London and New York: Routledge, 2003), 256 pp., $114.95 (hb), ISBN 0-415-27763-9.John Lampe and Mark Mazower, eds., Ideologies and National Identities. The Case of Twentieth-Century Southeastern Europe (Budapest and New York: Central European University Press, 2004), 309 pp., $23.95 (pb), ISBN 9639241822.James Pettifer, ed., The New Macedonian Question (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave and St. Martin's Press, 1999), 311 pp., $24.95 (pb), ISBN 0-333-92066-X.Michael Parenti, To Kill a Nation. The Attack on Yugoslavia (London and New York: Verso, 2000), 246 pp., $10.00 (pb), ISBN 1-85984-366-2.Maria Todorova, ed., Balkan Identities: Nation and Memory (London: Hurst & Co., 2004), 374 pp., £17.50 (pb), ISBN 1-850-65715-7.Emerging from the obscurity of old-fashioned, specialised ‘area studies’, since 1989 the Balkans have attracted much attention from historians. The primary reason for that has been, tragically, the war in Yugoslavia and the emergence of a postwar order. Even the post-communist transitions (in Romania, Bulgaria and Albania) attracted less attention. Nevertheless, the field benefited substantially from the increased interest in the area, and lively debates took place on contested issues, sparked not least by hasty initial schemata (and stigmata) used by outside observers, such as ‘ancient hatreds’ and the like. Parallel to the attention paid to what was going on in Yugoslavia, and perhaps more productively in the long run, was the postmodern, postcolonial approach to Balkan history, inspired by Maria Todorova's Imagining the Balkans, which followed Edward Said's monumental Orientalism and appeared parallel to Larry Wolff's Inventing Eastern Europe. Such refreshing studies of Western representations of the region were later complemented by the internal perspective of how such representations were received, and coped with, in the region. A profusion of ‘cultural studies’ in the broadest sense followed, reflecting both the ongoing reshaping of Balkan identities and outside demand for such studies.
43
Adu, Kofi Koranteng, and Patrick Ngulube. "Preserving the digital heritage of public institutions in Ghana in the wake of electronic government." Library Hi Tech 34, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 748–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-07-2016-0077.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine digital preservation of e-government in Ghana under the research question: what are the current digital preservation strategies being deployed across the ministries and agencies in Ghana? Design/methodology/approach Guided by a conceptual framework, underpinned by a quantitative approach, the paper uses the survey approach, to address the digital preservation strategies deployed across public sector organisations in Ghana. It underscores the link between the conceptual framework and the literature to analyse the various digital preservation strategies. Findings Backup strategy, migration, metadata and trusted repositories were noted as the most widely implemented preservation strategies across the ministries and agencies. On the other hand, cloud computing, refreshing and emulation were the least implemented strategies used to address the digital preservation challenges. Research limitations/implications The paper adds to the existing conceptual underpinnings that have dominated the debate about data management, archival storage, preservation strategies, challenges and best practices of digital preservation of e-government. Originality/value This study draws its originality from the evidence of studies on digital preservation in Ghana as most studies have rather focussed on the preservation of documentary heritage, preservation and security of microfilms, preservation practices in the public records (Akussah, 2002; Ampofo, 2009; Festus, 2010). The emergence of this study addresses the knowledge gap in the preservation of digital records in a country where little attention has been accorded to digital preservation. The study also feeds into Ghana’s vision 2020 and the information communication technology policy document of the ministry of communication which aims at ensuring that Ghanaians have access to information and communication technology products and services.
44
Ahrari, M. E. "Russia's Muslim Frontiers." American Journal of Islam and Society 12, no. 1 (April 1, 1995): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v12i1.2395.
Full textAbstract:
The sudden independence of five Muslim Central Asian countries-Khazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan-and one Muslim country in the Transcaucasus regionAzerbaijan-has surprised even the international scholarly community.When the former Soviet Union was alive and well, there were "Sovietscholars," a rubric that largely included specialists on Russia, Ukraine,and the Baltic states. Western scholars were almost never inclined tospecialize in, or to give any serious attention to, the Muslim regions ofthe Soviet Union. This neglect was also reflected in their evaluations ofthe problems of this region, as can be seen by the uncritical acceptanceof the Soviet vocabulary. For instance, the Qorabashi armed resistancein Muslim Central Asia was labeled the "Basmachi" (or bandit) movementby the Soviet Union and its scholars. This phrase was also used bywestern scholars.Now there is no more Soviet Union, the cold war has entered history,and there are six new Muslim republics. These developments haveengendered a renewed interest in these republics, as can be seen by thenumber of recently published books that have been devoted to them.Although some of them have been hurriedly compiled, others have beenwritten with a lot of forethought and balanced analysis.Eickelman's present anthology definitely falls into the latter category.In fact, to the best of my knowledge, his anthology is one of thefirst books that raises the question of whether the above-mentionedQorabashi movement was indeed an armed struggle against the Sovietimperial masters or was a "bandit" movement as portrayed by Sovietscholars. This book comprises four parts: "International and RegionalPerspectives," "Central Asia " "Afghanistan and Iran," and "Pakistan."The first two sections formulate the essence of this study. Eickelman'sintroduction, in my estimation, is certainly one of the best chapters. Itis unfortunate that he did not include more of his writing in this book.His review of the literature on modernization theories and orientalismin this chapter will be read by students of Central Asia and the MiddleEast with interest.Other noteworthy contributions are the two essays by RichardCottam and Gregory Kornyenko. It is refreshing to read Cottam's ...
45
ABRAHAM, ANALÍA G., and GRACIELA L. DE ANTONI. "Characterization of kefir grains grown in cows' milk and in soya milk." Journal of Dairy Research 66, no. 2 (May 1999): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029999003490.
Full textAbstract:
Kefir is a refreshing fermented milk with a slightly acidic taste obtained by incubating milk with kefir grains (Saloff-Coste, 1996). Kefir grains are a complex mixture of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in a strong and specific association. They are characterized by an irregular form, a folded and uneven surface and a white or slightly yellow colour. They are tough and resilient and have a characteristic acid taste (Bottazzi et al. 1994). The basic microflora contains lactococci, homofermentative and heterofermentative lactobacilli, yeasts and acetic acid bacteria (Bottazzi et al. 1994; Rea et al. 1996). Among the yeasts isolated from grains and identified are Candida kefir, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sac. delbrueckii, Cand. holmii, Sac. unisporus and Sac. lipolytica (Angulo et al. 1993; Marshall, 1993; Garrote et al. 1997). Lactobacillus brevis, Lb. viridescens, Lb. casei, Lb. kefir, Lb. kefiranofaciens, Lb. kefirgranum, Lb. parakefir, Leuconostoc spp. and Lactococcus lactis are among the lactic acid bacteria present in the grains (Marshall et al. 1984; Toba et al. 1991; Takizawa et al. 1994; Garrote et al. 1997). The mixed microflora of yeasts and bacteria is held together by a matrix containing (g/kg dry weight) protein 340, polysaccharide 470 (Ottogalli et al. 1973).The study of kefir grains in milk has been centred on the characteristics of the polysaccharide produced by lactobacilli within the grain (Yokoi et al. 1991). This polysaccharide, named kefiran, is composed of glucose and galactose (Yokoi et al. 1991). It has been suggested that proteins are incorporated from the growth media (Bassette & Acosta 1988), but no details about structure and composition are available.Soyabeans are an important component of the diet in many countries and have been used to obtain fermented products such as sogurt (Mann, 1991). Special attention has been given to the growth of, and sugar utilization by, Bifidobacterium spp., Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in soya milk (Buono et al. 1990; Murti et al. 1993; Ankenman Granata & Morr, 1996). To our knowledge, there have been no attempts to ferment soya milk with kefir grains.The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of kefir grains in soya milk and the composition of these grains, focusing on the matrix proteins.
46
Renner, Karen J. "Seduction, Prostitution, and the Control of Female Desire in Popular Antebellum Fiction." Nineteenth-Century Literature 65, no. 2 (September 1, 2010): 166–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2010.65.2.166.
Full textAbstract:
Karen J. Renner, "Seduction, Prostitution, and the Control of Female Desire in Popular Antebellum Literature" (pp. 166––191) During the antebellum era, increased attention to the prostitute coincided with a prevalent conception of women as, in Nancy Cott's words, essentially "passionless" unless aroused by sincere romantic love. Yet it seems paradoxical that this ideology existed alongside an increasing awareness of women whose livelihood depended upon manufacturing and marketing sexual desire. In this essay I argue that the prostitute became an object of antebellum fascination and concern less because of her defiance of the ideology of passionlessness and more because of the extent to which she could be made to reinforce this ideology. Casting the prostitute as a victim of seduction preserved predominant beliefs about the dependency of female desire on male impetus. The popular novels of George Thompson and Osgood Bradbury elide the sexual autonomy of the prostitute by making her a victim of men, but they do so in different ways. Thompson employs two variants of the seduction narrative that differ according to class, but both result in the subjection of female desire to male control. His indigent females are chaste victims of violent forms of sexual exploitation, while his licentious rich women reveal an inherent tendency toward monogamy or an inability to command their own aberrant desires. Bradbury, in contrast, is remarkable for his willingness to allow fallen women and prostitutes the chance to reform. As refreshingly progressive as Bradbury's novels seem, however, his adherence to the seduction narrative ultimately suggests that female desire is doomed to dissatisfaction unless properly channeled toward working-class men.
47
Manggala, Bondan Aji. "“DURMA” (Model Penciptaan Pesan dan Kesan Musik Melalui Pembenturan Teks Lirik dengan Ekpresi Musik)." Acintya Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya 12, no. 1 (August 3, 2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/acy.v12i1.3139.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT This article is part of a report on the results of artistic research (works of music) in the field of music. Briefly expresses experience and some knowledge findings related to the process of creating musical works of art. "Durma" is an editorial for this artwork, which contains three works of music with a popular music creation approach. Inspired by the anxiety of observing the infertility of creativity in the area of popular music in Indonesia, through "Durma" the thought was made to model the creativity of popular music by paying attention to the clash of lyric texts with musical expressions to produce messages and impressions of songs that are not public. In the habits of popular music, the elements of lyric text and musical expression are linear and mutually reinforcing relationships. It has never been imagined before that when a popular musical creation thinks a little freely and tries to clash ideas with an established knowledge of popular music creation, it will instead create ambiguity and the complexity of a refreshing taste. The outputs of the "Durma" artistic research include (1) art work products in the form of audio recordings of three songs entitled (a) Candles, (b) Girls, and (c) Good Night, (2) research reports, and (3) scientific publications articles that unravel the knowledge behind this work process.Keywords : Music creation, popular, clash of musical expressions and lyric texts ABSTRAK Artikel ini adalah bagian dari laporan hasil penelitian artistik (karya musik) di bidang musik. Secara singkat, ini mengungkapkan pengalaman dan beberapa temuan pengetahuan terkait dengan proses penciptaan karya seni musik. "Durma" adalah editorial untuk karya seni ini, yang berisi tiga karya musik dengan pendekatan penciptaan musik populer. Terinspirasi oleh kecemasan mengamati ketidaksuburan kreativitas di bidang musik populer di Indonesia, melalui "Durma" pemikiran dibuat untuk memodelkan kreativitas musik populer dengan memperhatikan benturan teks lirik dengan ekspresi musik untuk menghasilkan pesan dan tayangan lagu yang tidak umum. Dalam kebiasaan musik populer, unsur-unsur teks lirik dan ekspresi musik adalah hubungan linier dan saling menguatkan. Belum pernah terbayangkan sebelumnya bahwa ketika sebuah ciptaan musik populer berpikir sedikit dengan bebas dan mencoba untuk bertabrakan dengan pengetahuan mapan tentang ciptaan musik populer, ia malah akan menciptakan ambiguitas dan kompleksitas rasa yang menyegarkan. Output dari penelitian artistik "Durma" meliputi (1) produk karya seni dalam bentuk rekaman audio dari tiga lagu berjudul (a) Lilin, (b) Gadis, dan (c) Selamat Malam, (2) laporan penelitian, dan (3) artikel publikasi ilmiah yang mengungkap pengetahuan di balik proses kerja ini. Kata kunci: Penciptaan musik, populer, benturan ekspresi musik dan teks lirik
48
Miharja, Nurhidayahti Mohammad. "Ibn Khaldun." American Journal of Islam and Society 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v31i3.1064.
Full textAbstract:
Syed Farid Alatas’ Ibn Khaldun is a welcome addition to an emerging Khalduniansociology. It represents one of the few socio-historical studies of histhought that pays attention to this North African thinker’s historical milieuand life. Regarded by many scholars as a precursor of sociology, Ibn Khaldun(1332-1406) is also known for his contributions to the philosophy of history.His pioneering work, Kitāb al-‘Ibar, is more than just a historical account ofthe Arabs and Berbers. Popularly known as the Universal History, it containsthe important Muqaddimah (Prolegomenon) that details his “science of humansociety” (‘ilm al-ijtimā‘ al-insānī) or “science of human social organization”(‘ilm al-‘umrān al-basharī).This six-chapter book opens with “Ibn Khaldun’s Autobiography and HisCharacter,” which outlines his life and presents other biographies that providethe socio-intellectual context of his thought. The second chapter, “Ibn Khaldun’sScience of Society,” focuses on his founding of the science of humansociety and is followed by “Ibn Khaldun on Education and Knowledge,”which examines his modern educationist views of pedagogy and knowledgein terms of its social, political, and economic aspects. Alatas shows that IbnKhaldun’s perspective on education, as seen through the various lenses of historyand sociology, was refreshingly different from the then dominant perspectivesof philosophers, theologians, moralists, and jurists.The ensuing chapter, “The Reception of Ibn Khaldun,” situates him in theevolution of Islamic thought and contemporary social sciences, whereas thetwo final chapters, “The Significance of Ibn Khaldun for the Modern SocialSciences” and “Further Reading and Works Cited,” encapsulate Alatas’ suggestionsfor developing a Khaldunian sociology and include a list of furtherreadings, alongside discussions on works ranging from Ibn Khaldun’s biographyto critiques of his methodology.In the introductory chapter, which provides the context for the formationof Ibn Khaldun’s thought, readers are better able to appreciate his empiricallyoriented scholarship. Embedded in the politically fragmented Maghrebian society,his political career as a judge and government official required him toshift his political loyalties consistently. This played a determining role in developinghis ideas on how states rise and decline. Alatas highlights Ibn Khaldun’spolitical involvement as instrumental in his systematic uncovering of theflaws in existing historical works. Ibn Khaldun himself identifies seven causal ...
49
Tekelioglu, Ahmet Selim. "The Practice of Islam in America: An Introduction." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i3.491.
Full textAbstract:
Since September 11, American Muslim identities, political views, sensi- bilities, and even private lives have been studied by academics, pollsters, government agencies, and think tank researchers. This renewed interest on the nexus of religious and national identity has produced a vast volume of publications, cross-cutting each social science discipline and thematic re- search area. Some are even available online, such as #islamophobiaisracism syllabus, #BlackIslamSyllabus and ISPU’s Muslim American Experience Bibliography page. What is often lost in this conversation, however, are the nuances that influence everyday lives of American Muslims and their practice of Islam. Situated within religious studies and Islamic studies scholarship and speak- ing to a broad disciplinary array, the edited volume The Practice of Islam in America: An Introduction is a much-needed contribution to the scholarship on Islam and American Muslims. The book’s editor, prolific and prominent scholar and historian of Is- lam in America, Edward Curtis IV, explains the goals of the book in this sentence: “This book is driven by the desire to provide clear answers to es- sential, and basic, questions about how observant Muslim Americans prac- tice Islam…” (2). Importantly, the book delivers on its promise to provide a lived religion perspective (3). While the twelve chapters in The Practice of Islam in America examine distinct practices and themes, the chapters synergize in giving voice to a lived religion perspective on American Muslims’ practices. This approach helps the reader to achieve a healthy distance from the significant but often overly dominant political context that influences discourse on American Muslim life. The book opens with an introductory chapter by Curtis, explaining the rationale and background to the project. The chapter is a good prelude to this rich volume, reflecting Curtis’ years of experience working on Muslim American history and experience. For the non-specialist audience, the in- troductory chapter also provides a broad historical overview of American Muslim history, starting from the slave trade and stretching into contem- porary Islamophobia while covering debates within the diverse American Muslim community. The volume is organized across four thematic parts. Each part includes three chapters, producing a rich, twelve-chapter account. Part I examines prayer and pilgrimage and includes chapters on ṣalāt, dhikr, and ḥajj. Part II explores holidays; individual chapters cover Ramadan and Eid celebra- tions, Ashura, and Milad/Mawlid celebrations. Part III takes the reader into the realm of life cycle rituals with chapters on birth, wedding, and funeral/ death rituals. The concluding Part IV touches on Islamic ethics and reli- gious culture. It examines philanthropy, food practices and engagements with the Qur’an with reference to everyday practices of American Muslims. Curtis explains in his introduction that the volume is intentional in de- veloping a lived religion focus. Moreover, almost all authors give examples for how these practices vary in different branches of Islam (Sunni, Twelver and Isma‘ili/Bohra Shi‘i communities) as well as for multiple ethno-racial demographic groups that make up the deeply pluralistic Muslim American fabric. Contributors should be applauded for producing chapters that are ethnographically rich, thematically diverse, and attentive to multiple sites and dynamics. Chapter 1 moves through multiple vignettes that involve ṣalāt, the Muslim ritual prayer. Rose Aslan’s vivid descriptions of the lives of Ameri- can Muslims and her ability to walk the reader along not only the basics of the prayer but also the nuances among individuals with diverse ethno-racial and socioeconomic backgrounds and the post-September 11 securitization of ṣalāt is refreshing. Rosemary R. Corbett’s chapter on dhikr—“medita- tive and sometimes joyous religious litanies,” to use the definition offered by Curtis in the introductory chapter (6)—is a comparative study of three related groups, each springing from the Turkish Halveti Cerrahi order. The historical account around the creation of these groups is helpful especially because one of these figures, Tosun Bayrak of the Spring Valley Halveti Cerrahi order, recently passed away. In the next chapter, Hussein Rashid skillfully walks the reader through the meaning, rites, and politico-eco- nomic realities surrounding ḥajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudia Arabia. His chapter helps to familiarize the readers with complexities of ḥajj. Part II of the book begins with Jackleen Salem’s nuanced and vivid account of Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha. In testament to the volume’s attention to inclusivity, Michael Muhammad Knight’s chapter on Ashura is a vivid and informative account of this most popular Shi‘i commemoration. This chapter is less ethnographically driven than other chapters preceding it, perhaps to the advantage of the common reader who learns a great deal about early Muslim history and the background to the Sunni-Shi‘i split. The same is true also for Marcia Hermansen’s chapter on Milad/Mawlid celebrations recognizing Prophet Muhammad’s birth. The chapter strikes a balance between academic information on the subject and a thick description of these ceremonies. She provides a superb account of major debates and disagreements within the Muslim community sur- rounding these celebrations for the benefit of the uninitiated reader. In the first chapter of Part III, Maria Curtis explores birth rituals ranging from baby-showers to naming a child to postpartum complexities faced by moms within the American Muslim community. Her chapter is noteworthy in producing a much-needed addition to these underexplored topics. Juliane Hammer’s chapter on weddings is an exploration of not only ceremonial aspects of marriage but also legal approaches to marriage in America through a rich ethnographic account of three distinct weddings. She gives due attention to textual and Qur’anic interpretations on love and mercy by American Muslims. Her chapter is among those that provide the common reader with a nuanced view of the scholarship on the theme that is under exploration. The same is true for Amir Hussain’s chapter on Muslim funerals. Speaking from within a few funeral processions in southern Cali- fornia, as well as a brief description of the funeral ceremony of Muhammad Ali, Hussain explores the rites of death and burial in the American Muslim landscape.The first chapter of Part IV, by Danielle Witman Abraham, examines philanthropy and social giving in the American Muslim community. The chapter explains the norms in Sunii and Shi‘i communities, including concerns about domestic vs. international giving. Chapter 11, by Magfirat Dahlan, delves into American Muslims’ food consumption choices. She explores the fluid categories of permissible and impermissible food as well as ethical vs. non-ethical food as perceived by her respondents. The final chapter of the book is by Mona Ali and focuses on the Qur’an and how American Muslims engage with Islam’s holy book. Her approach provides a concise and effective summary of the Qur’an’s role in life cycles, identity formation and internal conversations among American Muslims. While the individual chapters’ focus on specific contexts and ethno- graphic accounts is very helpful, some chapters leave the reader with a sense of incompleteness due to the brief attempt to cram information on the broader context in the last two pages of each chapter. For example, in Chapter 1, Rose Aslan invokes the American Muslim debate around cre- ating gender equity in mosques and the third space wave but cannot do justice to the multifaceted conversations and developments around this issue. Chapter 4 by Jackleen Salem also suffers from trying to deliver too much. Salem’s concluding section, “Eid as an American Holiday,” fails to mention the heated debates that defined the “White House Iftar” dinners during President Obama’s presidency. These kinds of omissions create a kind of wedge between the complexities that arise in the everyday practice of Islam and the volume’s broader reflections. Chapter 9, by Amir Hussain, details Muhammad Ali’s funeral but does not fully engage with the debates and choices that marked the funeral. One wonders too if inclusion of other dhikr practices adapted by American Muslim followers of the Tijaniyya or the Ba‘Alawi sufi networks could have been helpful to give voice to dhikr practice in Chapter 2, out- side the Halveti Jerrahi context. Another theme that is neglected lies in the chapter on philanthropy, which does not mention what are often heated debates within American Muslim communities on the jurisprudence (fiqh) of giving to non-Muslims as well as whether certain service organizations (such as those serving students or social justice needs) are zakāt-eligible.There are practices that are left out as well. Du‘a Kumayl, practiced by Shi‘i Muslims on Thursday evenings similar to mawlid ceremonies, is not mentioned in the text. It would have been enriching to include this practice of reading a prayer that is traced to Prophet Muhammad’s cousin and one of the four great caliphs, Imam Ali. Finally, the choice to not cite online resources with their full web ad- dresses seems like an odd choice for a volume this rich in content. The lack of a full pathway in many instances makes it difficult for researchers to access information. These slight omissions notwithstanding, The Practice of Islam in Amer- ica: An Introduction is a great resource for instructors to use in introducto- ry courses in religious studies and American Muslim studies programs, as well as a good supplementary text for anyone teaching Islam in interfaith contexts. It delivers on its promise to provide rich narratives on what Is- lam looks like as a lived religion in America. It is highly relevant for those teaching not only on Islam but also on religion generally. The editor as well as the authors deserve recognition for producing a nuanced and insightful volume.
Ahmet Selim TekeliogluAli Vural Ak Center for Global Islamic StudiesGeorge Mason University
50
Asmi, Rehenuma. "Everyday Conversions: Islam, Domestic Work, and South Asian Migrant Women in Kuwait." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i3.485.
Full textAbstract:
There is a tendency in academic literature to compare and contrast reli- gions to try to understand the motivations of the convert. What are the costs and benefits of conversion? What is gained and what is lost? Thinking in these utilitarian terms can lead to a focus on causality and materiality, rather than the metaphysical and ephemeral aspects of religious thought and practice. Furthermore, religious conversion to Islam is often mired in the same prejudices and stereotypes of the orient found in western and predominantly Judeo-Christian depictions of the Middle East, the region that Islam is most often associated with. In Everyday Conversions: Islam, Domestic Work, and South Asian Migrant Women in Kuwait, Attiya Ahmad moves away from the emphasis on what distinguishes religious traditions and discursive communities to focus on what religious conversion means to the individual convert. Ahmad seeks to counter the notion that conver- sion must have some material benefit to the convert and instead looks at the quotidian character of religious transformation. Ahmad argues in her eth- nographic work that conversion can be understood through the minutiae of daily interactions, conversations, and affections that develop over time. She follows the lives of migrant domestic workers in the Gulf and their relationships with their employers as well as their own families over the course of their conversions and argues that it is neither the strength of the da'wa movement in Kuwait, nor the benefits gained by conversion to the employee/employer relationship that effectively describes the reason the women convert (although Ahmad is admittedly not looking for causality). Instead, Ahmad writes: “I have sought to tell a more modest and mundane set of stories that convey moments of slippage, tension and traces of feel- ings, thoughts and impressions of everyday conversion” (194). The strengths of Ahmad’s ethnography lie in its attention to detail and equanimity in representing the challenges of migration and domestic labor. Ahmad is careful not to create victims, nor inflate the value of the women’s migration and conversion to their economic or personal well-being. In this approach, there are hints of Lila Abu-Lughod’s and Saba Mahmood’s work with women who appear to be in marginal or precarious positions. Like these feminist ethnographers, Ahmad is attuned to the ethics and politics of representation, but with an eye towards transnational and cultural stud- ies. In its theoretical framing, the ethnography calls to mind the work of Michel DeCerteau in The Practice of Everyday Life, which rejects theories of production to focus on the consumer. Furthermore, by placing conversion in light of transnational migration, Ahmad also shows how the individu- al convert navigates her conversion through the complex nexus of Kuwait City as well as her own home town. Thus, the individual convert as artist of her own conversion is the primary subject of Ahmad’s book. My one cri- tique of the book would be in the area of theory, where Ahmad is hesitant to challenge others who have written on the subject of Islamic religious faith and practice, despite the theoretical weight evident in her ethnography. In the introduction, Ahmad begins with Talal Asad and Saba Mah- mood’s seminal arguments in the field of anthropology of Islam, which she argues “relativize and provincialize secular modern understandings of sub- jectivity, agency and embodied practice” (9). She distinguishes her work from Asad and Mahmood’s by utilizing a transnational feminist framework that highlights the process of “mutual constitution and self-constituting othering, as well as sociohistorical circumstances” (10). Ahmad wants to go beyond discursive narratives of secular liberalism and the Islamic piety movement. Specifically, Ahmad follows the approach of Eve Sedgewick, who eschews Judith Butler’s “strong theory” in exchange for an approach that looks at factors that “lie alongside” gender performativity (23). Ahmad does this by showing “how religious conversion also constitutes a complex site of interrelation through which religious traditions are configured and reconfigured together” (24). Instead of showing conflict or contrasting discursive traditions, Ahmad contends that the best way to understand the lives and stories of her interlocutors are in the quotidian affairs of the households they work and live in. She divides the chapters into the affec- tive experiences the women have as a result of their migration experiences, which in turn spur their conversions. Chapters one and two cover the political and geographic terrain that the women must cut across, which produces an overwhelming feeling of being neither here nor there, but temporarily suspended between states, households, and religions. Chapter one paints a somewhat grim picture of the politically precarious position of migrant women within the kefala sys- tem, labor laws, and bans on migrations often creating impossible condi- tions for migrant woman. Chapter two sets out to “discern, document and describe” (66) the migratory experience and why it produces uncertainty about one’s place in the world. It follows the women back and forth between Kuwait and their home countries, emphasizing the socio-historical context that requires a transnational feminist framework. The four women that Ah- mad follows throughout the book share their migratory journeys and their sense of “suspension” between two households. This chapter segues neatly into chapter three, where the women share how being a female migrant and domestic laborer requires knowledge of cross-cultural norms regarding gender, all of which require the women to be naram, “a gendered, learned capability of being malleable that indexes proper womanhood” (122). In their own eyes, a successful domestic worker from South Asia bends to the norms of the society they are in, and they attribute male and female migrant failure to being too sakht, or hard and unyielding. Here, I would have liked a stronger connection between how she describes naram and how Mahmood describes malaka. Does being naram lay the groundwork for women’s conversion to Islam, a religion which requires the ability to engage in rituals entailing patience, modesty, and steadfastness? Ahmed hints at this connection in the conclusion to the chapter—“Being naram resonates with the fluid, flexible student-centered pedagogies of Kuwait’s Islamic dawa movement, thus facilitating domestic worker’s deepening learning of Islamic precepts and practices” (123)—but she could have spent more time discussing the overlap in the concepts in either chapter three or five, where she discusses the da'wah movement. Chapters four and five deal directly with questions of religious thought and practice and illustrate how the women grapple with Islamic practices in the household as their relationships with their employers deepen. Chapter five is about the household and the everyday conversations or “house talk” that Ahmad argues are the touchstones for the women’s conversion. The daily relations in the household make blending and layering practices of Is- lam onto older traditions and rituals seem easy and natural. Ahmad argues that “the work undertaken by domestic workers—such as tending to family members during trips and caring for the elderly or the infirm—necessari- ly involves the disciplining and training of their comportment, affect and sense of self ” (129) and makes Islamic practices easier to absorb as well. Chapter 6 is a foray into the da'wah movement classroom. Like Mahmood’s Politics of Piety, Ahmad shows how the teachers and students use the space to create “intertwining stories” of patience in the face of hardship and the eventual rewards that come from this ethical re-fashioning, which mirror their own hardships as converts and help them deal with the dilemmas of being female migrant and domestic workers. The chapter ends with a sense of uncertainty, returning to the themes of temporality and suspension that began the book. Ahmad can’t say whether the conversions will remain fixed pieces or will bend and move with the women as their circumstances change. In the epilogue, Ahmad follows the “ongoing conversions” of her inter- locutors as some of them return home as Muslims and encounter new chal- lenges. As a book that focuses on the everyday, it is fitting to end on a new day and possibly, a new conversion. The strength of Ahmad’s ethnography is in giving center-stage to the considerable creativity and diligence mi- grant women show in piecing together their own conversions. This piecing together is perfectly captured by the book’s cover, which features Azra Ak- samija’s “Flocking Mosque”. The structure of a flower illustrates how believ- ers form a circular and geometric shape when gathered in devotion to God. Like Aksamija’s patterns, which build into a circular design, Ahmad’s chap- ters each represent a key piece of the story of migrant domestic workers’ conversion to Islam as a gradual process that blends nations, households, and individuals together to create a narrative about the women’s newfound faith. Scholars should read this book for its textured and detailed observa- tions about migrant women’s daily lives and for its treatment of religious conversion as a gradual process that unfolds in the everyday experiences of individuals. It would also be a great book for students as theory takes a back seat to the ethnography. The book is a refreshing, graceful approach to the subject of religious conversion and Islamic faith. Ahmad stays focused on telling her interlocutors’ stories while navigating often conflicting posi- tions.
Rehenuma AsmiAssistant Professor of Education and International StudiesAllegheny College