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Journal articles on the topic 'Atterberg Limits (Liquid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Fener, Mustafa, Sair Kahraman, Yakup Bay, and Osman Gunaydin. "Correlations between P-wave velocity and Atterberg limits of cohesive soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 2 (2005): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-102.

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Undisturbed and disturbed samples of cohesive soils were collected from eight different locations to investigate the possibility of estimating the Atterberg limits of cohesive soils from P-wave velocity measurements. Each soil type was classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System, and then Atterberg limits of soils were determined and P-wave velocity measurements carried out on the undisturbed samples of each soil type. P-wave velocity values were correlated with the corresponding values of Atterberg limits. It was found that liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index

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2

Xu, Yiqing, Xianwei Zhang, Gang Wang, Xinyu Liu, and Aiwu Yang. "Role of Diatom Microstructure in Determining the Atterberg Limits of Fine-Grained Diatomaceous Soil." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042287.

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The presence of diatoms in diatomaceous soil gives it geotechnical properties that are unusual compared with common clays. The most typical physical property of diatomaceous soil is its abnormally high Atterberg limits compared to fine-grained soil without diatoms. For diatomaceous soil, the Atterberg limits are associated with many factors, such as diatom content, diatom crushing degree, etc. In the study reported here, it was ascertained that more diatoms lead to higher plastic and liquid limits. Once the diatoms are crushed, the plastic and liquid limits decrease. The pore fluid salt concen

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3

Nguyen, Hoang Han, and David McMahon. "Can the shrink-swell index be predicted in the Wagga Wagga region based on Atterberg limits?" Australian Geomechanics Journal 59, no. 1 (2024): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56295/agj5916.

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Relationships between the shrink-swell index and other clay tests, such as Atterberg limits have been investigated by others however, there is not any available information for the Wagga Wagga region in NSW Australia. This study’s objective is to establish some relationships between the shrink-swell index and Atterberg limits of the soils in the Wagga Wagga region. A total of 27 samples at different locations and depths was tested for shrink-swell index, linear shrinkage, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index and soil particle size distribution, using Australian Standard test methods.

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4

Tong, Ling, Wei Sheng Chen, Xi Lai Zheng, and Mei Li. "Effect of Oil Contamination on Atterberg Limits of Soil." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.336.

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Atterberg limit tests were preformed on diesel oil contaminated soil and crude oil contaminated soil. The results show that Atterberg limits reduced with increasing of diesel oil content. When crude oil content changed from 0 to 8%, it has little effect on Atterberg limits. However, it rose from 8% to 16%, plastic limit slightly decreased, but liquid limit increased remarkably. A "pseudo-viscosity" caused by crude oil is the key factor for this phenomenon.

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5

JONG, E. DE, D. F. ACTON, and H. B. STONEHOUSE. "ESTIMATING THE ATTERBERG LIMITS OF SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN SOILS FROM TEXTURE AND CARBON CONTENTS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 4 (1990): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-057.

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The soil water contents at the liquid and plastic limits (the Atterberg limits) are widely used in the classification of soils for engineering purposes. Approximately 500 soil samples (129 Ap horizons and 417 B and C horizons) collected over several years as part of the ongoing soil survey program in Saskatchewan were analyzed for texture and Atterberg limits. On about half of the samples water retention (−33 kPa and −1500 kPa matric potential and air dryness), and organic and inorganic C were also determined. The relationship between the Atterberg limits and soil properties was explored throu

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6

Sherzoy, Mohammad Murtaza. "Atterberg Limits Prediction Comparing SVM with ANFIS Model." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 2, no. 1 (2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2017.2.1.16.

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Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference Systems (ANFIS) both analytical methods are used to predict the values of Atterberg limits, such as the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index. The main objective of this study is to make a comparison between both forecasts (SVM & ANFIS) methods. All data of 54 soil samples are used and taken from the area of Peninsular Malaysian and tested for different parameters containing liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index and grain size distribution and were. The input parameter used in for this case are the fraction

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7

Deng, Yusong, Chongfa Cai, Dong Xia, Shuwen Ding, Jiazhou Chen, and Tianwei Wang. "Soil Atterberg limits of different weathering profiles of the collapsing gullies in the hilly granitic region of southern China." Solid Earth 8, no. 2 (2017): 499–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-8-499-2017.

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Abstract. Collapsing gullies are one of the most serious soil erosion problems in the tropical and subtropical areas of southern China. However, few studies have been performed on the relationship of soil Atterberg limits with soil profiles of the collapsing gullies. Soil Atterberg limits, which include plastic limit and liquid limit, have been proposed as indicators for soil vulnerability to degradation. Here, the soil Atterberg limits within different weathering profiles and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties were investigated by characterizing four collapsing gullies i

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8

Adunoye, G. O., A. A. Ojo, A. F. Alasia, and M. O. Olarewaju. "A study on the correlation potential of compaction characteristics and atterberg limits of selected lateritic soils." International Journal of Physical Research 8, no. 1 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpr.v8i1.30689.

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The importance of soil compaction for civil engineering construction and application cannot be over-emphasised. To perform soil compaction, numerous number of samples are required, with considerable time and laborious laboratory activities. This has necessitated the need to find models for the prediction of compaction characteristics, using easily determined soil properties. This work therefore undertook a study of the correlation potential of compaction characteristics and Atterberg limits of soils, with a view to modelling compaction characteristics, using Atterberg limits. To achieve this a

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9

Storey, John M. E., and J. Jeffrey Peirce. "Influence of changes in methanol concentration on clay particle interactions." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 1 (1989): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-006.

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The interactions of clay particles with alcohol–water mixtures are investigated with hydraulic conductivity measurements, the electrophoretic mobilities of the suspended particles are measured, particle settling tests are carried out, and Atterberg limits are determined. Organic liquids frequently interact with clay particles in the clay liners of surface impoundments. Such fluids can cause changes in hydraulic conductivity of the liner material. This study looks at the effects of dilution of a liquid hydrocarbon with water on the properties of a clay soil. Tests with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%

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10

Rosas, David Antonio, Daniel Burgos, John Willian Branch Bedoya, and Alberto Corbi. "Automatic determination of the Atterberg limits with machine learning•." DYNA 89, no. 224 (2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v89n224.102619.

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In this study, we determine the liquid limit (𝑊𝑙), plasticity index (PI), and plastic limit (𝑊𝑝) of several natural fine-grained soil samples with the help of machine-learning and statistical methods. This enables us to locate each soil type analysed in the Casagrande plasticity chart with a single measure in pressure-membrane extractors. These machine-learning models showed adjustments in the determination of the liquid limit for design purposes when compared with standardised methods. Similar adjustments were achieved in the determination of the plasticity index, whereas the plastic limit de

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11

Kayabali, Kamil, and Osman Oguz Tufenkci. "Shear strength of remolded soils at consistency limits." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 3 (2010): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-095.

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The undrained shear strength of remolded soils is of concern in certain geotechnical engineering applications. Several methods for determining this parameter exist, including the laboratory vane test. This study proposes a new method to estimate the undrained shear strength, particularly at the plastic and liquid limits. For 30 inorganic soil samples of different plasticity levels, we determined the Atterberg limits, then performed a series of reverse extrusion tests at different water contents. The plastic and liquid limits are derived from the linear relationship between the logarithm of the

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12

Marušić, Davor, and Vedran Jagodnik. "DETERMINATION OF THE ATTERBERG LIMITS USING A FALL CONE DEVICE ON LOW PLASTICITY SILTY SANDS." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 38, no. 3 (2023): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2023.3.11.

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The Fall cone liquid limit testing procedure for low plasticity soil mixtures with sand, including the sample preparation procedure and the implementation of Fall cone plastic limit determination suggestions are covered within this research. A Fall cone apparatus was used in order to determine the liquid and plastic limits of soil types, for which the Casagrande cup and thread rolling methods proved inapplicable. Several issues are addressed concerning standardized sample mixture preparation and cup filling procedures for liquid limit testing, as well as the applicability of single measurement

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13

Galhano, C., F. Rocha, and C. Gomes. "Geostatistical analysis of the influence of textural, mineralogical and geochemical parameters on the geotechnical behaviour of the ‘Argilas de Aveiro’ Formation (Portugal)." Clay Minerals 34, no. 1 (1999): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985599545966.

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AbstractTextural, mineralogical and chemical parameters of clays belonging to the Upper Cretaceous ‘Argilas de Aveiro’ formation were determined and correlated, using geostatistical analysis, with some relevant geotechnical parameters. The data obtained made it possible to subdivide the region under study into distinctive sectors on the basis of geotechnical behaviour. Clay fraction content and composition control geotechnical parameters such as the expandability and the Atterberg plastic and liquid limits. A positive correlation was found between both expandability and the Atterberg plasticit

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14

Baskan, O., G. Erpul, and O. Dengiz. "Comparing the efficiency of ordinary kriging and cokriging to estimate the Atterberg limits spatially using some soil physical properties." Clay Minerals 44, no. 2 (2009): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2009.044.2.181.

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AbstractThe spatial distribution of the Atterberg limits can be used to distinguish the consistency and behaviour of a soil and its engineering properties, which strongly depends on the water content of the soil and types of silts and clays in the soil. By spatial modeling, and comparing the results of ordinary kriging with the cokriging approach, this study aims to find correlations between the Atterberg limits and the selected physical soil parameters in order to examine how effective they are in generating an understanding of the dynamics of a physical soil system.In 156 soil samples, the A

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15

Goławska, Katarzyna, Zbigniew Lechowicz, Władysław Matusiewicz, and Maria Jolanta Sulewska. "Determination of the Atterberg Limits of Eemian Gyttja on Samples with Different Composition." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 42, no. 2 (2020): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0041.

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AbstractThe paper presents the results of laboratory tests of plastic limit wP and liquid limit wL of Eemian gyttja characterized by different organic matter content Iom and calcium carbonate content CaCO3. Comparison of the liquid limit wL determined with the use of the Casagrande apparatus wLC and a cone penetrometer with cones having apex angles of 60° wL60 and 30° wL30 is shown. Based on statistical analysis of the test results, single- and two-factor empirical relationships for evaluating the plastic limit wP and liquid limit wL of Eemian gyttja depending on the organic matter content Iom

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16

Christopher, Imouhkai Unuevho, Sarah Julius Oseremen, Amos Alabi Adekola, Nwanosike Amadi Akobundu, Adegbe Mamodu, and Saliu Saidu. "Geotechnical Characterization of Geological Formation at Slump Sites within South-Western Outskirts of Zungeru, North Central Nigeria." International Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1615822.

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Slumping is destroying farmlands on the south-western outskirts of Zungeru. Sieve analysis and Atterberg limit tests were conducted on samples of geological formation from the slump and stable sites to ascertain the geotechnical attributes that make the area susceptible to slumping. Surface geological reconnaissance revealed that the area is underlain by schist, amphibolite and granite. The schist unconformably underlay Doko member of Bida Formation, which is the lithostratigraphic unit undergoing slumping. Coefficient of Uniformity (CU) ranges from 0.57 to 3.48 at the slump sites. This indica

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17

Obakin, Olufunmilola Adetayo, and Oluranti Mobolaji Oladunmoye. "Enhancing Cement Stabilization for Lateritic Soil in the Takie Area of Ogbomoso." Advances in Multidisciplinary & Scientific Research Journal Publication 8, no. 1 (2022): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/v8n1p8.

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The study investigates "Optimizing Cement Stabilization for Lateritic Soil in the Takie Area of Ogbomoso" and presents a comprehensive analysis of geotechnical properties. The research encompassed particle size determination and Atterberg limits testing to classify the samples, primarily composed of lateritic soil. The results detailed the particle size distribution and indicated the soil’s composition, predominantly sand with gravel and unaccounted finer silt content. The Atterberg limits testing revealed variations in plastic and liquid limits across different cement percentages. Additionall

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18

O’Kelly, Brendan C. "Review of Recent Developments and Understanding of Atterberg Limits Determinations." Geotechnics 1, no. 1 (2021): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics1010004.

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Among the most commonly specified tests in the geotechnical engineering industry, the liquid limit and plastic limit tests are principally used for (i) deducing useful design parameter values from existing correlations with these consistency limits and (ii) for classifying fine-grained soils, typically employing the Casagrande-style plasticity chart. This updated state-of-the-art review paper gives a comprehensive presentation of salient latest research and understanding of soil consistency limits determinations/measurement, elaborating concisely on the many standardized and proposed experimen

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19

Obakin, Olufunmilola Adetayo, and Oluranti Mobolaji Oladunmoye. "Enhancing Cement Stabilization for Lateritic Soil in the Takie Area of Ogbomoso." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 8, no. 4 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/v8n4p1.

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The study investigates "Optimizing Cement Stabilization for Lateritic Soil in the Takie Area of Ogbomoso" and presents a comprehensive analysis of geotechnical properties. The research encompassed particle size determination and Atterberg limits testing to classify the samples, primarily composed of lateritic soil. The results detailed the particle size distribution and indicated the soil’s composition, predominantly sand with gravel and unaccounted finer silt content. The Atterberg limits testing revealed variations in plastic and liquid limits across different cement percentages. Additionall

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20

Hussain, Er Mohd Vasique. "An Assessment on the Effect of Lime in Atterberg Limits of Soil." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 5243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52818.

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Abstract: The study was aimed to find the effect of lime on Atterberg limits of soil. The experiment was carried out using clay as soil sample and tests were conducted on various proportions of lime ( i.e 2%,4%,6% of lime in addition by weight of soil sample). The experiment shows the increment in liquid limit and plastic limit of soil on addition of lime upto 6%. The experiment also shows the declination in plasticity index on increasing the proportion of lime.

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21

Olufunmilola Adetayo, Obakin, and Oladunmoye Oluranti Mobolaji. "Enhancing Cement Stabilization for Lateritic Soil in the Takie Area of Ogbomoso." Advances in Multidisciplinary & Scientific Research Journal Publication 7, no. 2 (2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/bhi/v872p6.

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The study investigates "Optimizing Cement Stabilization for Lateritic Soil in the Takie Area of Ogbomoso" and presents a comprehensive analysis of geotechnical properties. The research encompassed particle size determination and Atterberg limits testing to classify the samples, primarily composed of lateritic soil. The results detailed the particle size distribution and indicated the soil’s composition, predominantly sand with gravel and unaccounted finer silt content. The Atterberg limits testing revealed variations in plastic and liquid limits across different cement percentages. Additionall

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22

Syed, Husnain Ali Shah. "Influence of Granite Cutting Waste Addition on the Geotechnical Parameters of Cohesive Soil." International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology (IJERAT) 5, no. 7 (2019): 75–84. https://doi.org/10.31695/IJERAT.2019.3459.

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<em>The current study analyzes the effect of granite cutting waste addition on the properties of cohesive soil. Representative samples of cohesive soils were collected from the Mansehra and Balakot areas of Hazara, Pakistan and their major geotechnical properties determined following the standard ASTM procedures. The determined properties include the Atterberg limits, i.e. Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), Plasticity Index (PI), and Maximum dry density, Optimum moisture contents, Un-confined compressive strength, Activity and Expansion. Both the soils are classified as active soils posses

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23

Wasti, Y., and M. H. Bezirci. "Determination of the consistency limits of soils by the fall cone test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 2 (1986): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-033.

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The liquid and plastic limits for a variety of natural and artificial soils covering a wide range of plasticity, as determined by the Casagrande method and the fall cone test and based on a strength criterion, were compared. To check the validity of the strength criterion, the undrained shear strength of these soils has been determined with a laboratory vane over the water content range between these limits. A limited comparison of the undrained strength values obtained from the vane test and fall cone test is also given. Key words: Atterberg limits, consistency, fall cone, laboratory vane, sh

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24

Etuke, J.O. Atikpo E. and Edogun B.O. "The Impact of Pulverized Cow Bone on the Atterberg Limits of Lateritic Soil from Uwheru Town, Delta State, Nigeria." NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research 5, no. 2 (2023): 141–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8014273.

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<em>This study investigated the effect of pulverized cow bone (PCB) on the Atterberg limits of lateritic soil samples in Southern Nigeria. The liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), and plasticity index (PI) of natural soil and soil mixed with different proportions of PCB were determined in the laboratory. The results showed that the liquid limit of the soil decreased with increasing PCB content, while the plastic limit increased, except for the sample mixed with 6% PCB, which had a lower plastic limit than the sample mixed with 4% PCB. The plasticity index of the soil also reduced with increa

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25

Srie Gunarti, Anita Setyowati. "ATTERBERG LIMIT PADA TANAH LEMPUNG YANG DISTABILISASI DENGAN NATRIUM KARBONAT." Bentang : Jurnal Teoritis dan Terapan Bidang Rekayasa Sipil 1, no. 2 (2013): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.33558/bentang.v1i2.400.

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Soil properties often have inadequate to sustain a construction or building, such as compressibility, permeability, and plastisitasnya. One method of stabilization of chemical soil stabilization as an effort to increase strength, reduce the reduction, and improving physical and mechanical properties of others. In this study, conducted observations of Clay Soil Plasticity Index values are mixed with Natrium Carbonate (Na2CO3) with a composition of 1 g of Na2CO3 for 1 kg of soil clays and brooded for 24 hours at the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics Unisma Bekasi. Then tested the limits of consistenc

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26

Safari, Aboulfazl, and Fauziah Ahmad. "Index Properties of Organic and Slightly Organic Soils." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 3454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3454.

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Conflicting results in the effect of OC on Atterberg limits need to a clarification with more studies. The observation that why PL increases in the higher rate than LL would be interesting issue to more investigation. Thus, this paper is focused on the index properties of OS (Site A) and SOS (Site B). It was found that removing OC in Site A affect particle size distribution by a dispersion phenomena while no effect was observed in Site B. Presence of average 13.6 % OC in site A leaded to increase in liquid and plastic limits for 6.1% and 26.9 %, respectively.

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27

Omole, Adekunle Isaac, Oyekunle Pius Adegoke, Arafat Ayodeji Adeowu, Musa Odunayo Sabit, Yinka Benjamin Oluwadiya, and Ibrahim Ademola Fetuga. "Use of Paper Ash and Lime as a Sustainable Stabilized Materials for Lateritic Soil." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 10, no. 4 (2024): 18782. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl10iss4pp18782.

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This research investigates the effectiveness of paper ash and lime for stabilizing lateritic soils in road construction applications. We assessed varying concentrations of paper ash and lime (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) to evaluate their effectiveness for soil stabilization. Initial analyses, including grain size distribution through wet sieving, specific gravity, moisture content, and Atterberg limits, were conducted to classify the soil. Following this, strength and compaction tests utilized standard proctor compactive energy, a method well-suited for field application. The findings indicated a gene

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28

John, Godwin. "The Effect of Bacillus Pumilus on the Free Swell and Atterberg Limits of Black Cotton Soil for use in Road Subgrades." Journal of Basics and Applied Sciences Research 2, no. 1 (2024): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jobasr-2024-v2i1-41.

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The study evaluated the potential utilisation of Bacillus pumilus (B. pumilus) induced calcite precipitate for the improvement of the engineering properties of black cotton soil in road construction which is an eco-friendly technique and forms part of what is referred to as green engineering. The effect of B. pumilus on the free swell and Atterberg limits of black cotton soil for use in road subgrades was studied using microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) method. Five stepped B. pumilus suspension density of 0, 1.5 x 108, 6.0 x 108, 1.2 x 109, 1.8 x 109 and 2.4 x 109 cells/ml, respec

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29

Kollaros, G. "LIQUID LIMIT VALUES OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT TESTING METHODS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 2 (2017): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11784.

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Specifications in European countries include a variety of methods for determining the liquid limit based on Casagrande type devices and on the fall cone penetrometer. The results of a comparative study of the liquid limits determined using these two fall-cone methods are presented for lime stabilized soil. Soil material sampled in the area of Evros Regional Unit has been stabilized with lime in order to enhance its engineering characteristics. The soil and the soil-lime mixtures subjected in Atterberg limit testing. The liquid limit values were correlated through a linear regression analysis w

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30

C. ONYELOWE, Kennedy, Michael E. ONYIA, Eze R. ONUKWUGHA, et al. "Atterberg Limits of Modified Compacted Clayey Soil for Sustainable Green Subgrade Structure." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 3 (2021): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(3)-23.

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Atterberg limits are one of the fundamental geotechnical parameters used to assess the settlement and other volume change parameters of engineering soils containing clays. This paper describes index test results on expansive soil treated with rice husk ash (RHA) and 5%, 10%, and 15% quicklime activated rice husk ash (QARHA) obtained using laboratory testing procedure. The cost of conventional binders used in earthwork has necessitated the need to look for cheaper materials that serve the same purpose. Also, the extent of environmental poisoning due to the use of cement is worrisome and has mot

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31

Djurdjevac-Ignjatovic, Lidija, Dragan Ignjatovic, and Ivana Jovanovic. "Statistical processing the results of interlaboratory testing the consistency of soil - the Atterberg limits (liquid, plasticity and shrinkage limit)." Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 2 (2013): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mmeb1302219d.

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32

Zhuo, Jinpeng, Huie Chen, and Fuang Li. "Study on the Effect of Steel Slag in Improving Saline Soil." World Journal of Innovation and Modern Technology 8, no. 2 (2025): 17–22. https://doi.org/10.53469/wjimt.2025.08(02).04.

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Saline soil is a special type of soil characterized by a high content of soluble salts and poor engineering properties. This study proposes the use of steel slag to improve saline soil and investigates the effects of different steel slag contents and curing ages on the mechanical properties of saline soil through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, direct shear tests, and Atterberg limits tests. The results indicate that steel slag powder significantly enhances the mechanical properties of saline soil. UCS, stiffness, and cohesion increase with curing age, while they exhibit an initia

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33

Dr., Chayan Gupta, Sharma Rajneesh, Patidar Pawan, and Agrawal Ankit. "Variables Controlling for Atterberg Limits of Kota Stone Slurry Dust Stabilized Expansive Soil." Journal of Earthquake Science and Soil Dynamics Engineering 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4048071.

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The production rate of industrialization increases the demand for waste disposal.  The method of disposing waste in soil is one of the conventional methods which require a large area of land, but now due to the lack of availability of land, this waste is used as a soil stabilizer in the technique of soil stabilization. From the civil engineering point of view, the kota stone dust, marble dust, rice husk, fly ash, blast furnace slag, foundry sand, glass waste, tiles waste, ceramics waste etc. are the commonly waste which are used as a construction materials with replacement of conventional

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34

Sridharan, A., and H. B. Nagaraj. "Compressibility behaviour of remoulded, fine-grained soils and correlation with index properties." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 3 (2000): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-128.

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Correlating engineering properties with index properties has assumed greater significance in the recent past in the field of geotechnical engineering. Although attempts have been made in the past to correlate compressibility with various index properties individually, all the properties affecting compressibility behaviour have not been considered together in any single study to examine which index property of the soil correlates best with compressibility behaviour, especially within a set of test results. In the present study, 10 soils covering a sufficiently wide range of liquid limit, plasti

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35

Hoque, Mehrin, Akhila Palat, and Michael Hendry. "A Preliminary Study on the Engineering Properties of Clay Soil." Alberta Academic Review 2, no. 2 (2019): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar47.

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Karl Von Terzaghi, the father of soil mechanics, says, “There is no other soil which is as problematic as clay soil”. In many places across the badlands of Alberta, clay soil is known to be troublesome and cause issues with buildings and infrastructure. Climate conditions, erosion and weathering can cause the unstable clay soil to create landslides, which consequently damage many of these structures. For this reason, engineers are sent to these sites to monitor and collect data over a period of time to compare and contrast their results. The purpose of this study is to learn and understand the

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Li, Cheng, Jeramy C. Ashlock, and Xuhao Wang. "Quantifying Repeatability Reproducibility Sources of Error and Capacity of a Measurement: Demonstrated Using Laboratory Soil Plasticity Tests." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4539549.

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The repeatability, reproducibility, and sources of error inherent in a given measurement are important considerations for potential users. To quantify errors arising from a single operator or multiple laboratories, most testing standards uses a one-way analysis of variance- (ANOVA-) based method, which utilizes a simple standard deviation across all measurements. However, this method does not allow users to quantify the sources of error and capacity (i.e., the precision to tolerance ratio). In this study, an innovative two-way ANOVA-based analysis method is selected to quantify the relative co

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Erlangga Bernado Sakti, Hakim, Sari Bahagiarti Kusumayudha, M. Nurcholis, Joko Soesilo, and Andang Bachtiar. "New Unified Classification for Fine Grained Sedimentary Siliciclastic Material Based on Atterberg Limits." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1451, no. 1 (2025): 012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1451/1/012019.

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Abstract Fine-grained (argillaceous) sedimentary material comprising unconsolidated (i.e., argillaceous sediment and soil) and consolidated (argillaceous rock) is the most abundant sedimentary material. Argillaceous rock is further divided into argillaceous stone and shale based on structure, and into siltrock and clayrock based on grain size. However, the nomenclature of these materials is frequently inconsistent, and there is no unified classification system for these materials. This is due to the difficulty and expense of particle size analysis (PSA), particularly in silt and clay fractions

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Kumar, Padam Siva, Pramod Kumar, N. Manikandan, et al. "A sustainable bioengineering approach for enhancing black cotton soil stability using waste foundry sand." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 20 (2025): 1112–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctaf054.

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Abstract The disposal of waste foundry sand (WFS) poses environmental challenges, necessitating sustainable bioengineering solutions. This study investigates WFS as a stabilizer for black cotton soil (BCS) to enhance its geotechnical properties for construction. BCS mixed with 10%–40% WFS was evaluated through Atterberg limits, compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The optimal 20% WFS reduced the liquid limit by 17.18%, decreased plasticity by 28%, and improved UCS by 157.45%. CBR values increased significantly, highlighting WFS’s potentia

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Ye, Hao, Chengfu Chu, Long Xu, Kunlong Guo, and Dong Li. "Experimental Studies on Drying-Wetting Cycle Characteristics of Expansive Soils Improved by Industrial Wastes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (September 24, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2321361.

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The improved engineering properties of the expansive soil by mixing with various additives will be changed during the long-term variation of the meteorological and hydrological conditions. In the present work, a series of tests are performed to investigate the evolution of the unconfined compression strength and the Atterberg limits under drying-wetting cycling conditions for specimens treated by iron tailing sands and calcium carbide slag. Typical results of the unconfined compressive strength can be divided into three stages. The unconfined compressive strength increases initially and then d

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Abidin, Mohd Hazreek Zainal, Mohd Shalahudin Adnan, Aziman Madun, et al. "The Performance of Earth Retention Pond Water Retain Capability Using Geotechnical Properties Evaluation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.30 (2018): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22278.

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Development of a new modern housing areas has demand a retention pond for recreation activity and landscaping purposes. This study deals with the evaluation of water retain ability of a new retention pond from the soil condition perspective. Geotechnical laboratory testing was performed via particle size distribution, Atterberg limits and permeability to assess the retention pond soil condition. All the experiment was performed according to British Standard 1377 (1990). It was found that soil tested has been dominated by fine particles which ranged at 30.84 – 60.88 % compared to the coarse par

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Abiodun Matthew, FASHINA, TAMUNOBERETON-ARI Iyeneomei, and NGERI Paddy A. "Geotechnical Investigation of Subsurface Parameters Necessary for Construction of a Flyover in Woji, Port Harcourt, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology 06, no. 02 (2022): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2022.6215.

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Geotechnical properties of the soil have been carried out at the construction site of an overhead bridge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The project is a 230 m long overhead bridge crossing between first and second artillery in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Two tests that were carried out on the soil are the Atterberg limit test and particle size analysis test. The results reveal that the liquid limit is 36, 8, the plastic limit is 21.1 and the plasticity index is 15.7. This implies that the Atterberg limits are slightly above the recommended standard set by the Federal Ministry for Works a

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Phoak, Samnang, Ya-Sheng Luo, Sheng-Nan Li, and Qian Yin. "Influence of Submergence on Stabilization of Loess in Shaanxi Province by Adding Fly Ash." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010068.

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In this study, the influence of fly ash (FA) content (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) on the alteration in the physical and mechanical parameters of loess is investigated. The influences of curing time (0, 14, and 28 days) and submergence and non-submergence conditions are analyzed as well. Analysis considers the variation in Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index), compaction parameters (optimum moisture content (OMC), and maximum dry density (MDD)), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) stress, UCS strain, California bearing ratio (CBR) value, and swell potential. Results

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Alabi, Aderemi A., Ridoh Lawal, Kafayat Hamzat, A. M. Olaoye, A. S. Ogungbe, and Joseph O. Coker. "Geophysical and Geotechnical Investigations of the Subsurface for Construction Purposes at Federal College of Education Osiele, Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Theoretical and Environmental Physics 1, no. 1 (2024): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.12.

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Knowledge of the surface and subsurface structures are vital for construction procedures. Integrated geophysical and geotechnical methods were applied to image the subsurface for evaluation of the stratigraphy and the competency of each geoelectric layer for construction purposes at the Federal College of Education Osiele, Abeokuta South-western Nigeria. Nine Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger electrode configurations were conducted over a current electrode spacing of 200 m. Multi-channel Analysis Surface Wave (MASW) was the seismic technique used for the geotechnical analys

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Lopez-Nino, Carlos, and Danilo Lopez-Hernandez. "Relation of several pedological characteristics to engineering qualities in expansive clays of Northern Venezuela." Canadian Journal of Agriculture and Crops 9, no. 1 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55284/cjac.v9i1.1088.

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The Caribbean Coastal Region of Venezuela with a semi-arid climate presents adequate conditions for the development of soils with expansive clays, which are the main pathology registered by the roads and surrounding infrastructures in the region. Correlation studies in temperate soils have shown that there is a close association between Atterberg limits (AL) with the clay content, less information exists in the literature between the association of AL and other soil physical properties of soil (e.g. in situ water-content and soil particle density). The main objectives of this research were to:

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Karakan, Eyyüb. "Comparative Analysis of Atterberg Limits, Liquidity Index, Flow Index and Undrained Shear Strength Behavior in Binary Clay Mixtures." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (2022): 8616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178616.

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In geotechnical engineering applications, it is very important to obtain the undrained shear strength of remolded soils accurately and reliably. This study aims to obtain a trustworthy solution to determine the undrained shear strength of remolded clay mixtures using Atterberg limit test results in various states of consistency. An experimental study was carried out involving a wide range of clay mixtures of varying plasticity and geological origin. In the analyses, the variation in the undrained shear strength of remolded soil depending on the cone penetration depth, water content, flow index

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Al-Taie, Abbas J. "Effect of Determination Method on the Liquid Limit of Quaternary Soils." Civil Engineering Beyond Limits 1, no. 3 (2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2020.003.005.

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The design process in geotechnical engineering has been vastly affected by Atterberg limits. There are wide variances in the results of liquid limit(LL)determined by different methods. It thought that the procedure used in the test is the primary source of these variances. The research reported in this paper was carried out to find the extent of the proper variance caused by the procedure used to determine the LL of quaternary soils. The effect of this variance on soil classification and activity (A) were included thoroughly. The LL was determined by six methods. They are the Casagrande hard-b

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Marinkovic, Nemanja, Elefterija Zlatanovic, Nebojsa Davidovic, et al. "Comparative analysis of Atterberg’s limits of fine-grained soil determined by various methods." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, no. 00 (2023): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace230630035m.

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Determination of the Atterberg?s limits is necessary for the classification of fine-grained soil. That limits can be determined according to the valid standard SRPS EN ISO 17892-12. Two methods are prescribed by the standard for determining the liquid limit: the Casagrande cup and the Fall Cone test, and one method for determining the plasticity limit: the thread-rolling method. In this paper the Fall Cone method was also used as an alternative method to determine the plastic limit. Ten samples of various fine-grained materials, originating from the wider area of the city of Nis, were tested.

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Surajit, Choshal, S. Dedalal S., and C. Lahiri S. "Engineering and physico-chemical properties of soils of deltaic region of West Bengal. Part-1 [Physical (index and engineering) properties]." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 84, Jun 2007 (2007): 568–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5820681.

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Department of Chemistry, Kalyani University, Kalyani-741 235, West Bengal, India <em>E-mail</em> : sujitclahiri@yahoo.com Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani-741 235, West Bengal, India Soil Mechanics Section, River Research Institute, West Bengal, P.O. HRRI, West Bengal, India <em>Manuscript received 21 June 2005, revised 19 January 2006, accepted 3 April 2007</em> Soil has multifarious uses and can be studied from various points of view like agronomy, construction, environmental purifier, pollution etc. The different physical (index and engineering) properties of soils like moist

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Manu A S, Vikram M K, Aparna B P, M. Sudhagar, Manu Vijay, and Raghu K. "Experimental Investigation on Effect of Coconut Shell Powder on Index Properties of Lime Treated Black Cotton Soil." Nanotechnology Perceptions 20, no. 2 (2024): 130–38. https://doi.org/10.62441/nano-ntp.v20i2.3043.

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The present paper reports the results of laboratory investigation on effect of Coconut Shell Powder (CSP) on lime treated Black cotton (BC) soil. The soil modified with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of lime is studied to get the optimum content of lime. It is then treated with various different dosages of Coconut Shell Powder (CSP). Atterberg limits, Compaction and Free Swell Index (FSI) tests were conducted. The liquid limit of the soil lime mixture treated with different dosages of CPS decreases with curing period while the plastic limit and shrinkage limit increases with curing period. Further stu

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Jafari, Hamid R., Mahmoud Hassanlourad, and Mohammad R. Hassanlou. "Dispersion Potential of a Clay Soil Stabilized by Alum. A Case Study." Soils and Rocks 36, no. 2 (2013): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.362221.

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In this paper modification potential of dispersive clay by white natural alum is evaluated. The studied clay is taken from basin of a constructing dam, called “Mirzakhanloo”, located in Zanjan province, northwest of Iran. Dispersion potential of soil and its modifiability were evaluated using pinhole, single and double hydrometric, chemistry and standard compaction tests. The influence of alum on the Atterberg limits of soil was also studied. Tests results indicated that adding the alum and curing time up to 28 days, under hydraulic gradients up to 26.84, decreases the dispersivity of the modi

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