Academic literature on the topic 'Attitude (Psychologie)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Attitude (Psychologie)"
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Sändig, Brigitte. "Tragédie et psychologie." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 52, no. 1 (April 24, 2017): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.52.1.07san.
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Abstract His dislike for psychological analysis accompanied Albert Camus throughout his life and had a profound impact on his idea of theatre. Especially in his early years, he sees psychology as the antagonist of the kind of theater that he envisages, the “modern tragedy”. In the last decade of his life, Camus worked on the novel “Requiem for a Nun” by William Faulkner, whom he greatly respected, in order to stage it. The confrontation with this work and its highly psychologically driven plot makes Camus virtually give up on his anti-psychological attitude.
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Poirier, Pierre. "L'empire contre-attaque : le retour de la réduction psychophysique." Philosophiques 27, no. 1 (October 2, 2002): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004969ar.
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RÉSUMÉ En refusant à la psychologie la latitude accordée aux autres sciences, l’argument concluant à l’irréductibilité des propriétés psychologiques à partir de leur réalisation multiple manifeste une attitude antinaturaliste à l’égard de cette science. En science, il est possible de relativiser les réductions à des domaines bien définis, c’est-à-dire des domaines qui découpent la nature d’une manière non ad hoc , et de corriger en conséquence l’appareil conceptuel des théories. Et en science, il est possible de construire des niveaux abstraits et idéalisés permettant la description du comportement global des systèmes, niveaux qui font abstraction de complexités inutiles. Si l’on accorde les mêmes privilèges à la psychologie, la réalisation multiple des propriétés psychologiques ne permet pas d’inférer leur irréductibilité.
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Clément-Hryniewicz, Nathalie, Silla M. Consoli, Alain Berebi, and Patrick Meimoun. "Psychologie de liaison et relaxation thérapeutique en chirurgie cardiaque." Bulletin de psychologie 56, no. 463 (2003): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bupsy.2003.15199.
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La pratique de la relaxation en chirurgie cardiaque représente une expérience originale de psychologie de liaison à l’hôpital général, de par la brièveté du nombre de séances dans un tel contexte et la rareté de son utilisation de nos jours. C’est en suivant pas à pas le déroulement de ses rencontres avec M. E., âgé de 51 ans et hospitalisé en suite d’un double pontage, que l’auteur se propose de mettre en relief les spécificités de la relaxation en chirurgie cardiaque et d’ouvrir une réflexion théorique autour de l’effet restructurant que peut avoir dans un tel contexte cette technique thérapeutique. Cela n’est cependant possible que si le thérapeute ne s’enferme pas dans une attitude trop intellectuelle et parvient, dans une certaine mesure, à établir ou rétablir des liens entre le patient et l’équipe, entre l’avant et l’après opération, sans être obnubilé par le temps compté.
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Gremion, Lise Gremion. "FORMATION DES MAÎTRES : TENSION ENTRE THÉORIE ET PRATIQUE, QUELQUESRÉFLEXIONS D’UNE FORMATRICE." Revista Diálogo Educacional 4, no. 8 (July 17, 2003): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rde.v4i8.6575.
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Ces quelques réflexions voudraient mettre en évidence les résistances des étudiants en formation d’enseignants face aux apports dits théoriques et les questions qui se posent à leur formatrice. En passant par les apports de la psychologie sociale, elle se demande comment amener ses étudiants à une attitude réflexive et leur faire découvrir que la théorie et la pratique ne sont pas des antagonismes mais des complémentaires, outillage nécessaire à leur profession à venir.
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Catheline, Nicole. "Georges Heuyer et la naissance de la pédopsychiatrie." Enfances & Psy N° 99, no. 1 (March 5, 2024): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ep.099.0133.
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Georges Heuyer est considéré comme le fondateur de la pédopsychiatrie française. Il a bénéficié de l’évolution parallèle de quatre disciplines qui participent à la prévention et aux soins des enfants, la psychologie, la criminologie, la médecine et la pédagogie. Au début du xx e siècle, lorsqu’il imagine cette discipline, celles-ci sont en pleine expansion. Son attitude visionnaire et les rebondissements de l’Histoire lui ont permis de les coordonner en donnant la place centrale au médecin.
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Roth, Anne-Christin, and Maik Beege. "Attitudes of students towards the use of video-based media in physical education." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 9, no. 2 (February 6, 2024): 067. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss067.
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Introduction
The importance of teachers’ attitudes regarding the use of technology and media in schools and classrooms gains more recognition in the development of their professional competence. However, students often still hold limited views about digital media in educational settings. This limited perspective is likely due to the significant increase in media usage over the past two decades. It’s assumed that students also desire to use media for learning purposes, which is particularly questionable in the subject of physical education, where physical activity is of central importance. Therefore, understanding students' attitudes toward media use, both inside and outside of school, is crucial, and it's a focal point of media educational efforts. To comprehensively study this, the social-psychological construct of attitude, with its cognitive, affective, and behavioral components, is considered (Zimbardo & Gerrig, 1996). Key questions revolve around characterizing student attitudes toward media use in physical education, identifying relationships between attitude components, and determining external factors that can promote positive attitudes.
Methods
Following the Technology Acceptance Model (Park, 2009), a questionnaire was developed to assess attitudes and validated through a survey of eighth-grade students (N = 202). External variables, cognitive attitude, affective attitude, and behavioral attitude dimensions were examined as separate aspects. These dimensions were refined and validated through reliability analysis and factor analyses. Using these validated scales and collected data, a structural equation model was created to illustrate the relationships between external factors and attitudinal dimensions.
Results
The proposed model demonstrated satisfactory fit to the data (RMSEA = .06; χ2/df ratio = 1.72; CFI = 0.90). The findings indicate that the use of media in physical education and the related self-efficacy in using media have a positive impact on the cognitive aspect of attitude. However, the cognitive component of attitude does not directly influence the intention to use media in physical education. Instead, positive evaluations of media use mediate the relationship between the cognitive component and the intention to use media. The intention to use media in physical education is primarily increased through positive affective evaluations.
Conclusion
A negative attitude toward using media in physical education can be attributed to a lack of access and insufficient self-efficacy in utilizing it. Therefore, interventions at both the student and teacher levels should focus on effectively introducing the benefits of media-supported physical education, with the goal of enhancing self-efficacy and reducing negative attitudes. This model will be further validated at the teacher level in subsequent studies to identify external factors suitable for targeted interventions.
References
Park, S. Y. (2009). An analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model in understanding university Students’ behavioral intention to use e-learning. Educational Technology & Society, 12(3), 150-162.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Gerrig, R. J. (1996). Psychologie. (7th transl. and rev. ed.). Springer.
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Parot, Françoise. "Le behaviorisme, une revolution americaine." ACTA COMPORTAMENTALIA 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ac.v3i3.18322.
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Certains auteurs français ont affirmé que I'historiographie de la psychologie a été injuste envers H. Piéron; ce serait en fait lui, et non J. B. Watson, qui aurait opéré la "révolution behavioriste" dès 1908. L'analyse des deux textes comparés révèle des divergences fondamentales sur deux points décisifs: 1°) alors que Piéron adopte une attitude réducuonniste en vertu de laquelle le comportement pour être réduit à ses déterminants physiologiques, Watson se détourne de toute explication physiologique et fait du comportement un concept réducteur de I'ensemble de la conduite; 2°) les convictions néo-lamarckiennes de Piéron, en particulier sa foi en l'hérédité des caractères acquis, différencient sa psychologie de celle de Watson qui était imprégnée du darwinisme américain et par là tournée vers Jes études de l'apprentissage. Par ailleurs, les contextes dans lesquels les deux conférences ont été prononcées et l'accueil qui leur a été réservé ne sont en rien comparables: là où celle de Watson suscite immédiatement l'impression d'une coupure, celle de Piéron passe presque inaperçue. La révolution behavioriste ne pouvait être qu'américaine.
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Sauvé, Denis. "Signification et états mentaux : à propos de l’« antireprésentationnalisme » de Wittgenstein." Philosophiques 25, no. 1 (August 8, 2007): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/027470ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Wittgenstein, selon R. Rorty, accepte dans ses Recherches philosophiques une variété d' « antireprésentationnalisme » en ce sens qu 'il refuse la distinction entre certaines représentations envers lesquelles on devrait adopter une attitude réaliste et d'autres envers lesquelles il faudrait adopter une attitude non réaliste (ou antiréaliste). Je soutiens dans cet article que le contraire est vrai. Wittgenstein adhère en particulier à une forme de non-réalisme quant au concept de signification et certains concepts d'états et de processus mentaux. L'expression « la signification de M » n 'a pas selon lui une fonction reférentielle (il n 'existe pas une « chose » appelée « la signification de M » en vertu de laquelle « M » serait douée de signification). Une expression du vocabulaire mental telle que « savoir réciter l'alphabet» ne désigne pas un état interne (au sens de la psychologie ou de la physiologie) de l'individu sachant réciter l'alphabet. « Savoir réciter l'alphabet » et « la signification de M » ne sont pas des expressions employées pour « parler de » quelque chose ou s'y référer.
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Bienne, Marie. "« Les enfants terribles » . La psychiatrie infantile au secours de la famille : la consultation du professeur Georges Heuyer en 1950." Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière » N° 6, no. 1 (October 1, 2004): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhei.006.0069.
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En 1925, la création à Paris par le Dr Heuyer du Service de neuropsychiatrie infantile est une première pierre dans la construction du secteur de l’enfance inadaptée. Auparavant réservée à l’examen psychiatrique des délinquants juvéniles, la consultation s’adresse, au cours de l’entre-deux-guerres, à un ensemble plus vaste de familles et d’enfants. La notion d’inadaptation infantile a progressivement évolué sous l’influence de la psychiatrie. En 1950, la consultation du Pr. Heuyer reçoit les enfants coléreux, anxieux, nerveux au même titre que les enfants souffrant de retard mental profond. Dès sa création, la clinique assure le “tri”, le soin et l’orientation des enfants. Georges Heuyer et ses confrères ont utilisé, dès les années vingt, de nouvelles techniques d’investigation pour le diagnostic et les traitements des pathologies présentées. Un laboratoire de psychologie a été mis en place. Sophie Morgenstern, psychanalyste inspirée des travaux de Freud, a introduit des séances de psychothérapie au sein de la clinique. Après la guerre, Serge Lebovici, élève de Sophie Morgenstern, tente au sein de la consultation une expérience de psychothérapie collective. Si les innovations apportées par la clinique dans le traitement de l’inadaptation infantile sont évidentes, certains réflexes archaïques demeurent. Placer les enfants en IMP ou en sanatorium reste une attitude courante chez les médecins. Cette décision semble être prise davantage pour soulager les familles que pour traiter la pathologie présentée par l’enfant.
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Clarkson, Joshua J., Zakary L. Tormala, and Derek D. Rucker. "Cognitive and Affective Matching Effects in Persuasion." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 11 (July 6, 2011): 1415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211413394.
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Past research suggests that cognitive and affective attitudes are more open to change toward cognitive and affective (i.e., matched) persuasive attacks, respectively. The present research investigates how attitude certainty influences this openness. Although an extensive literature suggests that certainty generally reduces an attitude’s openness to change, the authors explore the possibility that certainty might increase an attitude’s openness to change in the context of affective or cognitive appeals. Based on the recently proposed amplification hypothesis, the authors posit that high (vs. low) attitude certainty will boost the resistance of attitudes to mismatched attacks (e.g., affective attitudes attacked by cognitive messages) but boost the openness of attitudes to matched attacks (e.g., affective attitudes attacked by affective messages). Two experiments provide support for this hypothesis. Implications for increasing the openness of attitudes to both matched and mismatched attacks are discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attitude (Psychologie)"
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Nga-Ndongo, Valentin. "L'opinion camerounaise." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100130.
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Existe-t-il une opinion africaine, et peut-on la connaitre scientifiquement ? cette recherche examine (tome 1), sous l'angle de la sociologie critique, les apriorismes de la << theorie bourgeoise >> qui pose l'opinion comme une preeminence des societes << globales >> par opposition aux societes <
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Bertrandias, Laurent. "Sélection et influence des sources personnelles d'information du consommateur." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10006.
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Pour choisir entre différentes alternatives, les consommateurs ont généralement besoin de s'informer. Leur réseau relationnel représente une source d'information à la fois plus crédible, plus accessible et plus persuasive que les autres sources, a fortiori commerciales. Cependant, les consommateurs doivent choisir les personnes auxquelles demander conseil ; l'objet de cette thèse est alors d'expliquer pourquoi certaines sources personnelles d'information sont préférées à d'autres. La sélection des sources est envisagée comme le résultat d'un processus d'évaluation fondé sur trois critères : le degré d'expertise attribuée à la source, la force du lien partagé avec la source et la capacité de la source à répondre au besoin informationnel du consommateur, opérationnalisée par le concept d'influence attribuée. Une démarche expérimentale menée sur 1141 dyades source/consommateur, manipulant l'expertise des sources personnelles, leur niveau de leadership d'opinion ainsi que la force du lien partagé, a permis de tester les hypothèses de la recherche. Les résultats indiquent que les consommateurs attribuent plus d'influence et sélectionnent plus fréquemment des sources dont ils se sentent proches et qui possèdent un niveau élevé de leadership d'opinion. De plus, l'influence attribuée médiatise les effets de l'expertise attribuée et de la force du lien sur la sélection des sources. Enfin, l'arbitrage à la faveur de la force du lien ou de l'expertise attribuée lors du choix des sources personnelles, est modéré par le niveau d'implication durable et de besoin d'information des consommateursIn order to choose within products and brands, consumers seek information, more particularly from people they are related with, like friends or acquaintances. Personal information sources look particular because of their propensity to be more credible and persuasive than commercial sources. Nevertheless, certain sources are more solicited than the other ones. Indeed this dissertation aims at understanding why these sources are preferred and selected. Personal sources selection is conceptualized as the result of an evaluative process based on three criteria: the level of expertise attributed to the personal source, tie strength and the level of influence attributed to the source. An experimental design manipulating source expertise, source opinion leadership and tie strength was operated on 1141 dyads source/consumer in order to test research hypothesis. The results tend to show that consumers essentially select strong ties who score high in opinion leadership, and that attributed influence mediate the effects of tie strength and attributed expertise on personal sources selection. Moreover, the integration of moderators like enduring involvement and information need reveals that consumers make a trade-off between attributed expertise and tie strength to choose their personal sources
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Bonvel, Jean-Christophe. "L'attitude face aux nouvelles technologies : psychologie sociale de la techno-attitude." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20952.
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La présente recherche a pour objectif d'expliquer les variations des attitudes face aux TIC (Technologies de l'information et de la communication). Dans un premier temps les variations de cette techno-attitude sont présentées et analysées à travers un tour d'horizon des recherches qui se sont intéressées aux attitudes et aux représentations de certaines populations (hommes vs femmes ; filière scientifique vs littéraire. . . ) face à l'informatique et à l'ordinateur. Un modèle d'analyse des variations de cette attitude envers les TIC est proposé. Ce modèle repose sur des mécanismes sociocognitifs et articule trois concepts : le concept de théorie implicite (TIH), de résignation acquise (RA) et de point de référence dans les processus de comparaison (PR). Nous proposons une série d'expérimentations destinée à tester la pertinence de ce modèle d'analyse. L'hypothèse générale qui englobe ces expérimentations prévoit que l'attitude négative face aux TIC (la technophobie) est due à certains contextes sociaux qui, exposant les sujets à de l'information inconsistante, généreraient un recours à des heuristiques (TIH) pour formuler une opinion quant aux TIC. Cette hypothèse est en partie confirmée par nos résultats. La techno-attitude (TA) repose effectivement sur un processus de comparaison homme-machine qui fait intervenir la TIH dans le cas d'une attitude négative. Cette TIH se comporte de plus telle une heuristique permettant aux sujets en situation d'épuisement cognitif (RA) d'émettre une opinion avec une certaine validité. Si cette recherche a pour principale finalité l'élucidation de la technophobie en mettant en relation des insertions sociales et des processus cognitifs, le point de vue qu'elle développe et la cohérence qu'elle introduit entre différentes études et observations disparates antérieures à nos travaux, permet de reconsidérer l'attitude positive, la technophilie et le traitement "rationel" de l'information qu'elle sous-tend à prioriThe aim of this present research is to explain the variations in attitudes facing the ICT (Information and communication technology). First, the variations of this techno-attitude are presented and analysed through a general survey of researches about the attitudes and the representations facing computers of some populations (men vs. Women ; literature stream vs. Science stream). A pattern of analysis of the variations towards the ICT is proposed : the Man implicit theory concept (MIT), the learned helplessness (LH) and the reference point (RP) in the comparison process (CP). A string of experimentations is proposed in order to test the relevance of this pattern of analysis. The general hypothesis that includes those experimentations, holds that the negative attitude facing the ICT (technophobia) is due to some social contexts : the individuals are exposed to some flimsy information, and it can generate resorting to some heurisms, to express an opinion, as far as the ICT are concerned. This hypothesis is partly confirmed by our results. The techno-attitude (TA) is actually based on a comparison process, man/machine, where the MIT intervenes in the case of the negative attitude. In addition, this MIT behaves as an heurism, where the subjects who are in a state of cognitive exhaustion can express an opinion with a certain validity. If the principal aim of this research is the elucidation of technophobia, connecting social integration's with cognitive processes, the point of view developed and the coherence which is introduced between the different studies and the previous disparate observations, allow a reconsideration of the positive attitude, the technophilia, and the rational data processing
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Giger, Jean-Christophe. "Etats affectifs transitoires et consistance attitude-comportement." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20005.
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Le présent travail porte sur l'interaction entre les cognitions, les émotions et les comportements. Il a pour cadres empiriques et théoriques le modèle MODE (Fazio, 1990) et le modèle du réglage cognitif (Schwarz, 2002). L'objectif visait à déterminer l'impact des humeurs, ainsi que de l'opportunité et de la motivation à délibérer, sur la consistance attitude-comportement. Globalement, les résultats montrent que, lorsque les participants doivent se comporter envers un objet d'attitude, les humeurs positives facilitent le recours à une prise de décision comportementale basée sur les caractéristiques de l'objet et les humeurs négatives, une prise de décision basée sur l'attitude envers l'objet. Ces résultats sont expliqués à l'aide du modèle du réglage cognitif amendé de "l'hypothèse du contexte cognitif complexe" d'Isen (1987). Concernant la motivation, les participants fortement motivés à délibérer, conformément aux prédictions du modèle MODE, élaborent plus leur comportement sur la base des caractéristiques de l'objet que les participants faiblement motivés, qui se reposent sur leur attitude. Enfin, les résultats montrent que l'opportunité peut avoir un effet différent de celui basiquement prédit par le modèle MODE : les participants constraints à prendre rapidement leur décision se basent plus sur des caractéristiques de l'objet que les participants ayant tout le temps pour réfléchir, qui se comportent plus en fonction de leur attitude. Ce résultat est interprété comme la manifestation d'un processus mixte (Fazio, 1990) où un traitement systématique serait corrigé par l'utilisation heuristique de l'attitude. En bref, les humeurs positives, une forte motivation et un manque d'opportunité pour délibérer favorisent l'inconsistance entre les attitudes et les comportements, et les humeurs négatives, une faible motivation et l'opportunité de délibérer, la consistance
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Ladwein, Richard. "Extension de marque et catégories cognitives : contribution expérimentale à l'évaluation de l'extension de marque." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL12005.
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Roederer, Claire. "L'expérience de consommation : exploration conceptuelle, méthodologique et stratégique." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOE010.
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S'inscrivant au cœur de l'interaction personne-objet-situation (Punj et Stewart, 1983), cette recherche teste qualitativement et quantitativement trois dimensions de l'expérience de consommation. La thèse s'emploie à aborder l'expérience en croisant différentes voies méthodologiques. Le volant qualitatif repose sur une démarche expérimentale s'intéressant aux représentations sociales de l'expérience et recourant à la méthode des triades de Kelly (1955) et à une démarche d'esprit phénoménologique construite autour de récits individuels d'expérience. Le volant quantitatif propose la construction d'une échelle de mesure de l'expérience et permet de comparer les trois schémas d'offre de la typologie de Carù et Cova (2007), (consumer- driven, co-driven, company-driven). Les résultats montrent que l'expérience possède trois dimensions décontextualisées qui structurent le souvenir que l'individu en conserve : une dimension hédonico-sensorielle, une dimension rhétorique socioculturelle et une dimension rapport au temps. Appliquées à deux univers de consommation et à trois types d'expériences correspondant aux catégories proposées par Carù et Cova (2007), ces dimensions permettent d'établir des profils d'offre et peuvent être envisagées comme des leviers d'action pour établir ou restaurer l'avantage concurrentiel commercial d'une offre d'expérienceThis research is based on the assumption that a consumption experience consists in an interaction between a person and an object in a given situation (Punj and Stewart, 1983). It tests in a qualitative and quantitative manner, three dimensions of a consumption experience. The qualitative part relies on an experimental procedure using Kelly’s repertory grids (1955) and a phenomenological approach based on individual accounts of experiences. The quantitative part proposes an experience measurement scale with the comparison of different patterns of offer corresponding to Carù and Cova’s typology (2007), (consumer- driven, co-driven, company-driven experiences). The results reveal that an experience has three dimensions, irrespective of the context, which structure the individual’s memory of the experience. The first dimension is pleasure related and has been called the “hedonico-sensorial” dimension. The second is the “sociocultural rhetoric” dimension and explains what the experience reveals about the individual. The third relates to the control that an individual can have on the experience time. When applied to the two fields of consumption and experiences corresponding to Carù and Cova’s typology (2007), these dimensions can be used to establish patterns of offer and can be considered as levers for action to create or strengthen a competitive edge attached to an experience offer
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Lamti, Hend. "Les effets d'une exposition incidente à un message publicitaire sur le comportement du consommateur : le modèle de la mésattribution de la familiarité." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010043.
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La mesure de l'efficacité publicitaire s'est longtemps basée sur la mémoire explicite, reflétée par des tests directs. Or, étant donné le nombre considérable de publicités auxquelles un consommateur est exposé quotidiennement, il est légitime de supposer que la plupart de ces messages reçoivent une attention limitée de la part des sujets. Par conséquent, le consommateur ne s'en souvient pas systématiquement de manière consciente. Des recherches récentes sur la théorie de la simple exposition suggèrent néanmoins que ces messages, non mémorisés explicitement par les sujets, peuvent avoir un impact sur le comportement du consommateur, et ce par le biais de la mémoire implicite. Cette recherche doctorale, en se basant sur le modèle de la mésattribution de la familiarité, a donc pour objectif de tenter de comprendre comment une exposition à un stimulus, non mémorisée explicitement par les sujets, peut influencer le comportement du consommateur.
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Debenedetti, Alain. "L'attachement au lieu de consommation." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090044.
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Certains de lieux de consommation revêtent beaucoup d’importance pour le consommateur, non pas en raison de l’utilité qu’ils procurent, mais parce qu’ils sont durablement aimés et participent à la construction du soi. D’un point de vue académique, la revue de la littérature souligne l’état embryonnaire des recherches sur l’attachement au lieu. Cette thèse se propose donc d’en étudier les fondements dans le contexte des lieux de consommation. Une étude qualitative exploratoire a d’abord permis de détailler les mécanismes de l’attachement au lieu de consommation. Une échelle de mesure du construit a ensuite été développée et validée. Elle comprend 11 items et 3 dimensions (sociale, physique et personnelle). Un questionnaire en ligne administré auprès de 517 internautes nous a enfin permis de tester les mécanismes suggérés par la littérature et l’étude qualitative exploratoire. Les résultats montrent que l’attachement au lieu est influencé par de nombreuses variables (en particulier par l’authenticité et le confort psychologique perçus dans le lieu) qui n’affectent pas avec la même intensité les dimensions du construit. Ils montrent également que l’attachement au lieu entraîne des comportements et des attitudes traduisant la fidélité, l’engagement, l’idéalisation ou la décision de se faire ambassadeur du lieu, réactions qui sont susceptibles d’intéresser les managers dans la gestion de leur relation-clients. Notons pour conclure que les ressorts de l’attachement varient également en fonction de la nature du lieu de consommationSome consumption places prove to be very important for the consumer, not because of their intrinsic utility but because they are loved on a long- term basis and contribute to the consumer's self-construction. From an academic perspective, the literature review underscores the dearth of studies on place attachment. Thus, this dissertation intends to address this gap by studying the antecedents of the place attachment in the context of consumption places. A first qualitative exploratory study enabled us to unpack the mechanisms driving attachment to a consumption place. Then, we developed and validated a measurement scale including 11 items and 3 dimensions (social, physical, and personal). Eventually, an on-line questionnaire administered to 517 internet users enabled us to test the mechanisms suggested by the literature and the qualitative exploratory study. Results show that the attachment to a place is driven by numerous variables (specifically by the authenticity and psychological comfort felt in the place) which influence the construct dimensions with different degrees of intensity. They also suggest that the attachment to a place leads to behaviors and attitudes expressing loyalty, commitment, idealization, or decision to become the ambassador of the place. All these reactions might be of great interest to the managers willing to improve the relationships with their customers. To conclude, it is worth noting that the antecedents to attachment are also dependent on the nature of the consumption place
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Ginet, Anne-Marie. "Clairvoyance normative et besoin de cognition dans les processus d'attribution et de rationalisation." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20002.
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L'objectif de cette thèse a été de tester le caractère heuristique de la clairvoyance normative dans un des processus socio-cognitif majeur : le processus d'attribution causale. Les résultats issus des deux premières recherches rapportées ici tendent à attester de la valeur prédictive de la clairvoyance en matière d'attribution causale dans des situations de la vie sociale habituellement favorables à l'émergence d'une telle activité. De par -1-l'observation d'une analogie conceptuelle entre la clairvoyance normative et le besoin de cognition (Cacioppo et Petty, 1982) semblant résider dans un besoin commun de construction de la connaissance et -2-la convergence d'effet desdites variables dans le cadre d'une situation de formation d'impresssion, il nous importe, dans un second temps, de tenter de définir l'étendue de leur domaine de pertinence respectif. De la configuration de résultats issue de la série d'études menées à cette fin, il ressort que les implications cognitives et comportementales du besoin de cognition en matière d'attribution causale d'avéreraient sensiblement analogues à celles de la clairvoyance normative dans une situation paradigmatique spécifiquement d'ordre à initier un tel processus ; elles divergent, en revanche, dans le cadre de situations sociales empreintes d'une certaine normativité (i. E relations de pouvoir). L'ensemble des données rapportées ici permet de conclure que s'il est un élément de différenciation de ces deux variables qui semble fondamental, ce serait la métaconnaissance vers laquelle s'oriente le traitement de l'information que lesdites variables initient. Elle serait relative, dans le cas de la clairvoyance normative, aux règles qui président au fonctionnement social et plus généralement à un décodage de l'environnement social
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Kan, Gongjian. "Effect of country image on consumers' hypermarket patronage intention : a cross-cultural study." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G007.
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Cette thèse explore d’abord les expériences et leçons apprises d’opérations par les distributeurs mondialisés dans les pays d’Extrême-Orient suivies par une discussion de l’effet du pays d’origine sur l’intention des consommateurs de faire ses achats dans les hypermarchés à travers les différentes cultures. Les résultats empiriques dans le cas de la Chine indiquent que l’image du pays d’origine (IPO) n’a qu’un impact indirect sur la fréquentation par les consommateurs en hypermarché alors que, dans le cas de l’Espagne, il semble que l’IPO a une influence directe sur l’intention de fréquenter l’hypermarché. A la fois en Espagne et en Chine, l’IPO a un impact significatif sur l’évaluation des consommateurs basée sur la fonction et sur l’évaluation des consommateurs basée sur l’expérience d’un hypermarché. Ces deux sortes d’évaluation ont des effets significatifs sur l’attitude du consommateur envers la marque vis-à-vis du magasin ciblé. La différence majeure de comportement de fréquentation des hypermarchés entre les consommateurs chinois et espagnols réside dans le fait que les premiers attachent plus d’importance aux attributs liés à l’expérience dans la formation de l’image du magasin et aux référents sociaux dans leurs décisions de magasinage que les autres. De plus, les consommateurs chinois ont une tendance plus ethnocentrique dans leur comportement de magasinage en hypermarché que les Espagnols. Ces résultats de recherche offrent des implications valables aux praticiens aussi bien nationaux qu’internationaux dans leurs choix de marketing stratégiqueThis dissertation firstly explores the experiences and lessons learned from global retailers’ operation in East Asian countries followed by discussing the effect of country image on consumers’ hypermarket patronage intention across different cultures. The empirical results from China case indicate that country image has only an indirect impact on consumers’ hypermarket patronage intention while in Spain case it seems that country image has direct influence on consumer’ store patronage intention. In both Spain and China, country image has a significant impact on consumers’ function based evaluation and experience based evaluation of a hypermarket store. These two kinds of evaluation have significant effects on consumers’ brand attitude towards the target store. The major difference of hypermarket store patronage behavior between Chinese consumers and Spanish consumers is that the former attaches more importance on experience attributes in formulating their store image and on social referents in making their shopping decisions than the latter. Besides, Chinese consumers have stronger ethnocentric tendency in their hypermarket shopping behavior than Spanish consumers. These research findings offer valuable implications to both domestic and foreign retail practitioners in making their marketing strategies
Books on the topic "Attitude (Psychologie)"
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1942-, Crano William D., and Prislin Radmila, eds. Attitudes and attitude change. New York: Psychology Press, 2008.
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R, Pratkanis Anthony, Breckler Steven James, and Greenwald Anthony G, eds. Attitude structure and function. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1989.
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R, Pratkanis Anthony, Breckler Steven James, and Greenwald Anthony G, eds. Attitude structure and function: The Third Ohio State University volume on attitudes and persuasion. Hillsdale,nj: Erlbaum, 1989.
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E, Petty Richard, and Krosnick Jon A, eds. Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995.
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Katherine, Karvelas, ed. The essence of attitude: Quotations for igniting positive attitudes. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press, 1998.
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P, Zanna Mark, Olson James M. 1953-, and Herman C. Peter 1946-, eds. Social influence. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1987.
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Beauvois, Jean-Léon. Recherches sur la psychologie de tous les jours. Paris: Colin, 1986.
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E, Petty Richard, Fazio Russell H, and Brinol Pablo, eds. Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures. New York: Psychology Press, 2008.
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Geoffrey, Haddock, and Maio Gregory R, eds. Contemporary perspectives on the psychology of attitudes: The Cardiff Symposium. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, 2004.
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1965-, Albarracin Dolores, Johnson Blair T, and Zanna Mark P, eds. The handbook of attitudes. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Attitude (Psychologie)"
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Wegener, Duane T., and Aiden P. Gregg. "Attitudes: Attitude structure." In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 1., 305–9. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10516-107.
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Eagly, Alice H. "Attitudes: Attitude change." In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 1., 309–13. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10516-108.
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Schwarz, Norbert. "Attitudes: Attitude measurement." In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 1., 313–17. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10516-109.
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Malim, Tony. "Attitudes and Attitude Change." In Social Psychology, 149–200. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14221-7_5.
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Adams, Bridget, and Barbara Bromley. "Attitudes, attitude change and persuasion." In Psychology for Health Care, 28–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26634-0_3.
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Statt, David A. "Attitudes, attitude change and job satisfaction." In Psychology and the World of Work, 299–323. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23652-7_14.
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Statt, David A. "Attitudes, attitude change and job satisfaction." In Psychology and the World of Work, 267–86. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10927-9_15.
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Gergen, Kenneth J., and Mary M. Gergen. "Attitude Change." In Social Psychology, 158–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7866-6_6.
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Antonides, Gerrit. "Attitude." In Psychology in Economics and Business, 101–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1710-1_6.
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Antonides, Gerrit. "Attitude." In Psychology in Economics and Business, 89–110. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7901-8_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Attitude (Psychologie)"
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Neto, Félix. "Are Attitudes of Young Portuguese towards Immigration also Hardening? A Comparison between 1999 and 2006." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/xbjr3392.
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The host majority has an important impact on how immigrants adapt to their new land. The focus of the present chapter1 is to understand attitudes of Portuguese young people towards immigration. To achieve this aim, a pilot study was conducted with the ISATIS (International Study of Attitudes Towards Immigration and Settlement) instrument. The sample consisted of 477 Portuguese youngsters attending courses in high school, interviewed in 1999 and in 2006. All participants were of Portuguese origin and 94% were born in Portugal. Their age ranged between 16 and 20 years. An examination of acculturation expectations towards immigration showed that Integration is the option most preferred, while Exclusion is the least preferred. In-between preferences are Segregation and Assimilation. Globally, there was a positive social climate towards immigration and immigrants. However, from 1999 to 2006 those positive attitudes were less strong. Girls revealed more positive attitudes towards immigration and immigrants than boys. Regarding attitudes towards diversity, tolerance is clearly the strongest link. With respect to security, economic security and personal security are the weakest links. The indicators of immigration climate (perceived personal, economic and cultural consequences of diversity and immigration, the tendency to advocate prohibition of immigration and attitude toward 17 ethnocultural groups) are reasonably strong. Immigration climate is more strongly linked to diversity attitudes as compared with security.
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Colucci, Erminia, and Harry Minas. "Attitudes Towards Youth Suicide: A Comparison Between Italian, Indian and Australian Students." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/ysdf2435.
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There is a paucity of cross-cultural research on youth suicidal behaviour. An understanding of the cultural aspects of suicidal behaviour is essential for the development of culturally appropriate suicide prevention and intervention strategies. In this study, meanings, cultural representations, attitudes, values and beliefs regarding youth suicide were explored in 700 young Italians, Indians and Australians. Participants were University students (18-24 years old) from Italy, India and Australia. Participants had to be at least second generation, i.e. both they and their parents were born in the countries included in the study. Data collection was through completion of a questionnaire with structured and semi-structured questions (e.g. case vignettes, word associations, attitude scale, open-ended questions) and focus groups. In this proceedings, findings about the attitudes towards suicide focusing on the differences/similarities by country, gender, spiritual beliefs and suicide risk will be presented and the implications of the findings for suicide risk assessment and treatment will be discussed.
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Gang, Getrude C. Ah, and Jaimond Lambun. "FOSTERING POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS SELF-CARE AMONG THE YOUTH IN BONGOL VILLAGE DURING THE RECOVERY MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact042.
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"One of the major concerns among the relevant public authorities during the 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic is the attitude and behavior of the Malaysian society regarding compliance with self-care Covid-19. Although the number of Covid-19 cases is decreasing, public authorities, such as the Malaysian Ministry of Health continually remind people to adhere to the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Covid-19 to reduce the number of cases. To support the authorities’ efforts, a one-day self-care Covid-19 programme involving 10 youths (3 males & 7 females) with a mean age of 17.35 (SD=3.36) was implemented in Bongol village, Tamparuli. To adhere the Covid-19 SOP regulation which prohibits a large number of people from gathering in a confined, crowded and closed spaces, only a few participants were involved. The programme, which was conducted at the Bongol village community hall, involved various organized activities emphasising the three elements of attitude: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Before the programme began, all the participants were registered, and their body temperatures scanned to ensure that they were free from any Covid-19 symptoms. Each participant was given a mask and a small bottle of hand sanitiser that could be used throughout the programme. The activities comprised an ice-breaker, a talk on personal self-hygiene, a 20.02-minute self-care video produced by 28 psychology students, personal self-reflections by the participants, a group exercise, a community song, and a two-way discussion on self-care. The Covid-19 self-care programme, implemented with guidance from the Yale Attitude Change Model, emphasizes the practical issue of ‘who says what to whom and with what effects. The participants’ attitude was measured before and after they completed the one-day programme. The results of a Wilcoxon signed-ranked test study showed that there is a significant difference between the participants’ pre- and post-study attitudes towards self-care. The study results showed that the Covid-19 self-care programme, which is based on the social psychology approach, can help foster positive youth attitudes towards self-care. In regard to the authorities’ efforts to lower the number of Covid-19 cases to zero, it is suggested that each party needs (either governmental and non-governmental agencies) to support the Covid-19 campaign and programme by sharing and delivering self-care messages in creative ways to Malaysian communities, especially those in rural areas."
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Kühnen, Ulrich. "Culture, Self-construal and Social Cognition: Evidence from Cross-Cultural and Priming Studies." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/kgio1744.
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Members of different cultures vary in basic social psychological processes, such as value orientation, attitudes, attitude-behavior relations, person perception and attribution of observed behavior. Previous researchers have traced back these differences to the respective culture members’ self-construal: Westerners define their self primarily in independent terms, whereas Asians are more likely to define their selves in interdependent ways. This difference in construing the self in turn affects the above mentioned judgmental processes. However, when relying on cross-cultural studies alone, the critical role of the self cannot directly be tested. In this chapter I argue that the accessibility of either independent or interdependent self-knowledge plays a critical role, because judgments are assimilated to either autonomous –or social– contents to the degree that independent –or interdependent– self-knowledge is accessible in the judgmental situation. If so, making self-knowledge of one kind or the other temporarily accessible, should mirror cross-cultural differences. I will review a series of studies confirming this assumption. These studies will be discussed with regard to their implications a) for the role of the self in judgment formation and b) for the flexibility of cultural differences.
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Pechnikova, E. "ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЙ ПАЦИНТ-ВРАЧ-ПСИХОЛОГ В РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЙ СФЕРЕ." In ПЕРВЫЙ МЕЖКОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ ЭКСТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС «ПЛАНЕТА ПСИХОТЕРАПИИ 2022: ДЕТИ. СЕМЬЯ. ОБЩЕСТВО. БУДУЩЕЕ». Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54775/ppl.2022.40.65.001.
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The report examines the dynamics of the patient-doctor-psychologist relationship in the context of the development of psychology, the psychosomatic approach in the reproductive sphere with changing attitudes to psychology in society. Perinatal psychology with all the dynamics of its development and expansion to the concept of reproductive psychology has existed for more than 30 years. It has achieved great success in understanding the processes, and in training, and implementation into practice. Over the past 20 years, psychological assistance in general has also developed powerfully. This has led to an increase in the confidence of psychological care in the medical environment. The increase in the general level of psychological knowledge in society has expanded the understanding of both doctors and psychologists about psychosomatic connections and states. The need for more effective assistance in cases of reproductive disorders has now led many obstetricians and gynecologists to receive additional psychological education. This significantly strengthened the interaction of the patient-doctor (clinical psychologist) – reproductive psychologist in terms of awareness, professionalism and shortening the duration of therapy, which is very important, given the certain duration of the effective reproductive period. However, the request from doctors is more often from the field of psychology accompanied by the treatment process and short-term therapy of somatopsychological consequences (experiences of infertility, loss, pain). It is essential that there is no effective exchange of information between psychologists and doctors, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of medical and psychological interaction. The development of such information documentation is the next stage task in the psychosomatic approach in the reproductive sphere. В докладе рассматривается динамика взаимоотношений пациент-врач-психолог в условиях развития психологии, психосоматического подхода в репродуктивной сфере при изменении отношения к психологии в обществе. Перинатальная психология со всей динамикой ее развития и расширения до понятия репродуктивная психология существует уже более 30 лет. В ней достигнуты большие успехи и в понимании процессов, и в обучении, и внедрении в практику. За последние 20 лет также мощно развилась психологическая помощь в целом. Это привело к возрастанию доверия психологической помощи во врачебной среде. Повышение общего уровня психологических знаний в обществе расширило представление и у врачей и у психологов о психосоматических связях и состояниях. Необходимость большей эффективности помощи при нарушениях репродуктивной сферы, привела теперь уже многих акушеров-гинекологов к получению дополнительного психологического образования. Это значительно укрепило взаимодействие пациент-врач (клинический психолог) – репродуктивный психолог в плане осознанности, профессионализма и сокращения сроков терапии, что очень важно, учитывая определенную длительность эффективного репродуктивного периода. Однако, запрос у медиков чаще из области психологии сопровождении лечебного процесса и краткосрочной терапии соматопсихологических последствий (переживания бесплодия, потерь, боли). Существенным является отсутствие эффективного обмена информации между психологами и врачами, позволяющего оценивать эффективность врачебнопсихологического взаимодействия. 178 Разработка такой информационной документации – это следующая этапная задача в психосоматическом подходе в репродуктивной сфере.
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Tuzova, Olga N., and Kseniya V. Zaytseva. "Teenagers’ attitude to school marks." In The Herzen University Conference on Psychology in Education. Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/herzenpsyconf-2020-3-68.
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Busciantella-Ricci, Daniele, Carlos Aceves-Gonzalez, and Alessandra Rinaldi. "Design for Inclusive Attitude: towards a theoretical framework." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001863.
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Seventy one percent of the world’s population live in countries where inequality has grown and the pandemic increased socioeconomic disparities and discriminations. As emphasised in education, healthcare, and migration, fostering an Inclusive Attitude is needed. The Inclusive Attitude is a concept mainly debated in psychology, sociology, anthropology and it has received less attention from a design research perspective. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for using Design for Inclusion to support Inclusive Attitude among the society. Starting from literature review, the paper compares the Inclusive Attitude concept with orders of design, design contents, design domains, continuum of design approaches, and domains of disciplines of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE). As a result, a conceptual framework is identified for studying the Design for Inclusive Attitude. Discussions and conclusions underline the essence of this new design approach.
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Van Bossuyt, Douglas, Chris Hoyle, Irem Y. Tumer, Andy Dong, Toni Doolen, and Richard Malak. "Toward Considering Risk Attitudes in Engineering Organizations Using Utility Theory." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70399.
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Design projects within large engineering organizations involve numerous uncertainties that can lead to unacceptably high levels of risk. Practicing designers recognize the existence of risk and commonly are aware of events that raise risk levels. However, a disconnect exists between past project performance and current project execution that limits decision-making. This disconnect is primarily due to a lack of quantitative models that can be used for rational decision-making. Methods and tools used to make decisions in risk-informed design generally use an expected value approach. Research in the psychology domain has shown that decision-makers and stakeholders have domain-specific risk attitudes that often have variations between individuals and between companies. Risk methods used in engineering such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and others are often ill-equipped to help stakeholders make decisions based upon risk-tolerant or risk-averse decision-making conditions. This paper focuses on the specific issue of helping stakeholders make decisions under risk-tolerant or risk-averse decision-making conditions and presents a novel method of translating engineering risk data from the domain of expected value into a domain corrected for risk attitude. This is done by using risk utility functions derived from the Engineering-Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (E-DOSPERT) test. This method allows decisions to be made based upon data that is risk attitude corrected. Further, the method uses an aspirational measure of risk attitude as opposed to existing lottery methods of generating utility functions that are based upon past performance. An illustrative test case using a simplified space mission designed in a collaborative design center environment is included. The method is shown to change risk-informed decisions in certain situations where a risk-tolerant or risk-averse decision-maker would likely choose differently than the dictates of the expected value approach.
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González Beltrán, Luis Fernando, Olga Rivas García, María Guadalupe Mares Cárdenas, Elena Rueda Pineda, and Héctor Rocha Leyva. "Hybrid Modality in Statistical Learning: Effects on Attitudes and Skills." In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t14g4.
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Due to the poor preparation with which students arrive, we have used a text analysis strategy, underlining statistical analysis, encountering resistance from students, presumably by a negative attitude towards statistics. The objective was to test the modification of attitudes in addition to the acquisition of skills. Participants were 34 psychology students. With a pretest posttest design, an attitudes scale and an examination were applied to them. In addition to participating in a virtual course, a video showed the logic of statistical analysis, and they were asked for the strategic analysis of seven articles with a discussion forum. Significant differences were found. It is shown that the teaching of statistics will only make sense within the context of the research and intervention process. Debido a la mala preparación con que llegan los estudiantes, hemos utilizado una estrategia de análisis de textos, subrayando el análisis estadístico, encontrando resistencia de los alumnos, presumiblemente por una actitud negativa hacia la estadística. El objetivo fue probar la modificación de actitudes además de la adquisición de habilidades. Participaron 34 estudiantes de Psicología Presencial. Con un diseño pretest postest, se les aplicó una escala de actitudes y un examen, además de participar en un curso virtual, un video mostró la lógica del análisis estadístico, y se les pidió el análisis estratégico de siete artículos, con un foro de discusión. Se encontraron diferencias significativas. Se demuestra que la enseñanza de la estadística solo tendrá sentido dentro del contexto del proceso de investigación e intervención.
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Grigg, Kaine, and Lenore Manderson. "The Racism, Acceptance, and Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (RACES): Measuring Racism in Australia." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/vzpl9248.
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No existing scale has been designed for, and validated in, the Australian context which can objectively evaluate the levels of general racist attitudes in Australian individuals or groups. Existing Australian measures of racist attitudes focus on single groups or have not been validated across the lifespan. Without suitable instruments, racism reduction programs implemented in Australia cannot be appropriately evaluated and so cannot be judged to be making a meaningful difference to the attitudes of the participants. To address the need for a general measure of racial, ethnic, cultural, and religious acceptance, an Australian scale was developed and validated for use with children, adolescents, and adults. The Racism, Acceptance, and Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (RACES) is a 34-item self-report instrument measuring explicit racist attitudes, consisting of three interdependent subscales (Accepting Attitudes – 12 items; Racist Attitudes – 8 items; Ethnocentric Attitudes – 4 items) and a 10-item measure of social desirability. The current chapter summarises the mixed methods approach to the development and evaluation of the novel scale, and reports on the reliability and validity data for children, adolescents, and adults from diverse racial, ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds around Australia. The results of examinations of psychometric properties, including latent structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and predictive validity, are discussed. Utilised analytical techniques include qualitative thematic analysis of interviews and focus groups, unidimensional and multidimensional Rasch (Item Response Theory) analyses, and various Classical Test Theory analyses.
Reports on the topic "Attitude (Psychologie)"
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Concina, Laura. Attitude face au risque & Sciences économiques. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/337arf.
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Ce document initie des lecteurs non-économistes aux théories de l'économie classique et comportementale du risque et de l'incertitude. Il décrit des résultats généralement acceptés en sciences économiques qui sont déterminants dans la prise de décision en conditions de risque ou d'incertitude et dans des situations où il est question de pertes et de gains. Pour illustrer ce sujet, sont présentés une sélection de résultats théoriques, entremêlés d'exemples de la vie quotidienne ainsi que des travaux de recherche en sciences économiques et en psychologie sur la perception du risque.
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Kidder, Sylvia. Impact of a Psychology of Masculinities Course on Women's Attitudes toward Male Gender Roles. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2207.
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Rheinberger, Christoph, and Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion: social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.
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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.
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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.