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Journal articles on the topic 'Attitude (Psychology) Movement'
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1
Ruggieri, Vezio, and Gian Piero Sera. "Bodily Perception in the Organization of Postural Attitude and Movement." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 1 (February 1996): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.307.
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In the present research we hypothesized that some particular areas or points of the body play a role in the modulation of muscular (tonic and phasic) activity. In particular, we hypothesized that subjects utilize some bodily points as constant perceptual afferences in organizing the motoric responses of the whole body. The bodily points (called perceptual focal points) could have the same role as the bow of a boat for the sailor in orienting the spatial position of the boat and its movement. We have observed the presence of these perceptual focal points in 85% of a group of undergraduate students of psychology, 21 women and 19 men, during a real and an imagined movement of the whole body. Results indicated also that, if subjects were told to modify their habitual focal points, important modifications in subjective feelings of instability, pleasure, and tension appeared.
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Wojnowicz, Michael T., Melissa J. Ferguson, Rick Dale, and Michael J. Spivey. "The Self-Organization of Explicit Attitudes." Psychological Science 20, no. 11 (November 2009): 1428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02448.x.
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How do minds produce explicit attitudes over several hundred milliseconds? Speeded evaluative measures have revealed implicit biases beyond cognitive control and subjective awareness, yet mental processing may culminate in an explicit attitude that feels personally endorsed and corroborates voluntary intentions. We argue that self-reported explicit attitudes derive from a continuous, temporally dynamic process, whereby multiple simultaneously conflicting sources of information self-organize into a meaningful mental representation. While our participants reported their explicit (like vs. dislike) attitudes toward White versus Black people by moving a cursor to a “like” or “dislike” response box, we recorded streaming x- and y-coordinates from their hand-movement trajectories. We found that participants' hand-movement paths exhibited greater curvature toward the “dislike” response when they reported positive explicit attitudes toward Black people than when they reported positive explicit attitudes toward White people. Moreover, these trajectories were characterized by movement disorder and competitive velocity profiles that were predicted under the assumption that the deliberate attitudes emerged from continuous interactions between multiple simultaneously conflicting constraints.
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Wu, Di, Yuntao Gao, and Danmin Miao. "Using an Eye Tracker to Measure Information Processing According to Need for Cognition Level." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 1869–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7316.
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The need for cognition (NC) refers to the tendency for people to vary in the extent to which they engage in, and enjoy, cognitively effortful activities. However, few studies on NC have been conducted to investigate cognitive processes by using eye-tracking technology. Thus, we measured differences in eye movement between individuals high versus low in NC. We presented 43 undergraduates with persuasive messages on postponed retirement. Meanwhile, their eye movements were recorded using eye-tracking technology. Additionally, participants completed measures of attitude and recall of arguments. Our findings showed that participants high in NC recalled more arguments but did not form more favorable attitudes than did those low in NC. Furthermore, compared to those low in NC, those with high NC recorded longer eye fixation duration, more fixations, slower reading speed, and shorter saccade (movement) lengths. Finally, there were no differences between the two groups concerning the distribution (short, medium, and long fixations) and the proportion of regressions. Eye-tracking technology contributes to further understanding of characteristics of individuals high versus low in NC during reading.
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Seedat, Mohamed. "Psychology and humanism in the democratic South African imagination." South African Journal of Psychology 47, no. 4 (December 2017): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246317737943.
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Attentive to a psychology underlying South Africa’s democratic imaginations, I describe how Nelson Mandela’s intervention at a critical moment of conflict management, along with mechanisms such as at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Moral Regeneration Movement, invoked and enacted a humanising ethos. Centred on the ideas of restraint, empathy, emotional proximity, witnessing, and fluid generative subjectivities, the humanising ethos was awakened to support the process of reconciliation, social justice, and the making of inclusive and socially just communities. Inspired by a decolonial attitude, and in part successfully enacted in support of the country’s liberal democratic ideals, the elaboration of this psychology has been limited by ongoing socio-economic disparities and a ruling psychology that naturalises extractive relations.
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Ailamazjan, Aida M. "Free dance as a cultural-historical practice of improvisation." National Psychological Journal 41, no. 1 (2021): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/npj.2021.0114.
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Background. Plastic, expressive aspects of human behaviour remain underresearched by psychologists. The focus on practices of improvisation is determined by the fact that they show most vividly how expressive movement comes into being. Objective. The aim of the study is to provide psychological analysis of improvised dance action, to identify the conditions of its generation. The hypothesis put forward concerns the formation of overall personal attitude that makes one ready to perform expressive movement in the context of musical-motional improvisation. It seems probable that the principles of movement organisation within free dance practices concern the formation of attitude that lets one perceive spontaneous, involuntary impulses to movement, changes of tonus and breath. Design. The study is a piece of theoretic-psychological analysis of improvisation dance practice. In terms of methodological and theoretical basis the study relies on cultural-historical psychology and theory of action, as well as on N.A. Bernstein’s conception of movement building. There theories allow to reconstruct the conditions of expressive movement generation in the context of musical-motional improvisation. Results. The analysis performed has shown that the principles of movement organisation, the technical aspects of the practices studied are aimed at increasing the degree of freedom of movement. It allows to enhance the receptivity to spontaneous reactions and impulses and to widen the orientation within the context of musical-motional improvisation. It makes one move in a more meaningful way and to integrate the personality into improvisation. Conclusions. Alongside with the practices of structured dances and reproductive approaches to mastering expressive movement, there are cultural-historical practices of improvisation dances. The analysis of such practices allows to single out psychological conditions and and peculiarities of movement organisation that make one generate spontaneous actions, find and try new objectives, plastic forms. Generation of spontaneous movement and musical-plastic improvisation are possible due to tuning up the whole human personality. Openness as personal attitude has its meaningful as well as motional component.
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Stroebe, Wolfgang. "The Task of Social Psychology Is to Explain Behavior not Just to Observe it." Social Psychological Bulletin 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): e26131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/spb.v13i2.26131.
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Doliński (2018, this issue) deplores the decline of behavior observation in social psychology since the 1960’s and asks whether (social-) psychology is still a behavioral science. I question both, that there was a decline and that direct behavior observations are essential for a science of behavior. After all, behavior can also be inferred from outcomes and other traces of behavior. During the alleged heydays of behavioral observation, social psychology was threatened by a crisis partly precipitated by Wicker’s (1969) demonstration that verbal attitude measures were often unrelated to behavioral responses towards attitude objects. His critique was devastating, because social psychology at that time relied heavily on rating scales as dependent measure. The advance of the social cognition movement in the 1970’s was to provide social psychology with new techniques (e.g., priming, cognitive load, reaction time techniques) that eased the reliance on rating scales. At the same time, it became insufficient to merely show a relationship between an external event and a behavioral response and to rely on speculations about the internal processes that might have been responsible for this relationship. Instead, studies had to assess the cognitive and motivational processes assumed to link those external events, typically – but not always – using social cognition techniques. This required additional studies leading to a decline in the proportion of studies reporting behavioral observations. I illustrate this development with one of my own research programs and also suggest that in this example an outcome may be a more valid measure of behavior than behavioral observations.
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Shapiro, Kenneth. "The Caring Sleuth: Portrait of an Animal Rights Activist." Society & Animals 2, no. 2 (1994): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853094x00153.
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AbstractThe present study of the psychology of animal rights activists utilizes a qualitative analytic method based on two forms of data: a set of questionnaire protocols completed by grassroots activists and of autobiographical accounts by movement leaders. The resultant account keys on the following descriptives: (1) an attitude of caring, (2) suffering as an habitual object of perception, and (3) the aggressive and skillful uncovering and investigation of instances of suffering. In a final section, the investigator discusses tensions and conflicts arising from these three themes and various ways of attempting to resolve them.
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ADNAN, ADNAN. "PEMIKIRAN PSIKOLOGI ISLAM DALAM IMPLIKASI PENDIDIKAN SOSIAL." Al-Din: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Keagamaan 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35673/ajdsk.v5i1.572.
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Abstract Development of psychological thought in the contemporary Islamic world background by Islamization movement science and technology. This wave is sweeping across the region, including Indonesia Muslims. Particularly in Indonesia, recent decades among Indonesian Muslim psychologists appear on the psychology of Islamic discourse. The emergence of Islamic discourse psychology can be viewed from two sides. On the one hand, this is an indication of the influence of the waves and the spirit of Islamization of science and technology that have started to emerge since the 1980s. On the other hand, is a reflection of the consciousness of most Indonesian Muslim psychologists are beginning to understand the limitations of psychology in explaining the reality of human existence in the plenary. Enthusiasm for the emergence of Islamic Psychology encourages the implementation of various symposia, seminars, and publishing a book on the psychology of Islam. But this movement is still periferial, although it should be recognized that these discourses have led to fundamental problems, or in other words, some psychologists Muslim Indonesia began in earnest to realize the limitations of psychological theories that have been established in expressing real human existence. Thus the need to conduct a study of alternatives in discussing human. To realize this, of course not impossible though not without obstacles. Some of the main inhibiting factor is the attitude of Muslim psychologists are not uniform, namely: apathy, fanatical, secularists, and idealistic antagonist. Other inhibiting factors are partially psychologist Muslim fascination with theories that have been established and developed that does not come from Islam. Keywords: Psychological of Islamic, social-education
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LIMA, Andrea de Alvarenga, and Jean Carlo Kurpel DIOGO. "Reflexões sobre a afinidade de Jung com a fenomenologia." PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES - Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica 15, no. 1 (2009): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18065/rag.2009v15n1.2.
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Considering Jungs position in the national academic context, the present paper presents an epistemological analysis of the relationship between Jung and Phenomenology. First, the historical development of the concept of Phenomenology was revised, in order to outline the meaning in which Husserl, founder of Phenomenology as a philosophical movement, applies the term. After that, it tries to understand in Jungs work how he used the term and how he personally related to the phenomenological movement. In conclusion, it suggests that the resemblance between Jung and Husserls Phenomenology is established not in terms of philosophical radicals but from a similar methodological attitude.
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Chen, Kan. "Wuhua Therapy: A Way to ZhiMian Unallowable Experience in the Context of Chinese Culture." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 60, no. 1 (November 3, 2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167816675030.
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Wuhua philosophy is rooted in Taoism. Zhuangzi described the practice of Wuhua as the “fasting of the heart mind” (心斋). Humanistic psychology and analytical psychology describe the “fasting of the heart mind” as a path leading to ZhiMian. The resolution of the boundary between conflicts is built on a dialogue between differences that is characterized by effort and an open attitude. The key to the Wuhua experience is Qi. In the experience of Qi, mankind humbly aims to understand the world from the heart mind position to explore how the self is related to the world and to define the self and the other interdependently and relatively. Wuhua therapy fosters experience in all dimensions, concentrating on the natural emergence and movement of Qi, and waits for it to lead to the dissolution of boundaries and to generate its creative healing nature. The method of Wuhua therapy involves noninterpretation, careful observation, and faithful reflection. This article describes a case that illustrates the method and discusses the resonance between Wuhua philosophy and humanistic psychology.
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Chironi, Daniela. "Generations in the Feminist and LGBT Movements in Italy: The Case ofNon Una Di Meno." American Behavioral Scientist 63, no. 10 (March 6, 2019): 1469–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219831745.
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The article analyses the participation of young people in emerging social movements, focusing on the experience of the Italian Non Una Di Meno (NUDM) movement combatting male violence against women. Challenging scholarly assumptions of growing youth apathy in democracies, the analysis reveals high levels of participation on the part of the younger population engaged in gender-related struggles. Hit by both conservative and austerity policies associated with the economic and political crisis, feminist and LGBTQI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersexual) Millennials reacted by increasing their involvement in contentious politics. In the protest arena, they have crossed paths with older generations, activating processes of exchange, but also intergenerational tensions. Based on original qualitative data from ten semi-structured interviews with movement activists in Florence and Bologna, this piece of research sheds light on the role of young people in the birth and evolution of NUDM, and the relationship between different generations of activists within this movement. More specifically, it explains continuities and discontinuities between veterans and younger activists’ sources of theoretical inspirations, organizational models and mobilization resources, strategic priorities and action repertoires. Millennials embrace intersectional feminism and queer theory; opt for grassroots, horizontal organizing; adopt a conflictual attitude towards the state, and dialogical, introspective dynamics within the movement. Intergenerational disagreements especially relate to sex work, and surrogate motherhood.
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Korkunova, Olga, and Tatyana Bushueva. "Philosophical Discourse in Psychology of C. Jung." SHS Web of Conferences 72 (2019): 03028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197203028.
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The article considers the role of philosophical concepts and philosophical ideas in the psychological works of C. Jung, owing to which he achieved the results. He was able to deeply and thoroughly comprehend the studied psychological phenomenon: the unconscious and its components. This led him to conclusions far beyond the boundaries of psychology, in the sphere of philosophy and cultural studies. Using the principle of determinism, Jung discovered and analyzed psychological causal relationships. He showed that the interaction of culture and nature in man provides him with a movement towards gaining his integrity. At the same time, Jung identified and considered options for the interaction of nature and culture in man. Through the dialectics of subject and object, Jung defined his position in understanding of unconscious and attitude to the concept of Freud. Jung explained the process of interaction between consciousness and the unconscious using energetic approach which was popular in philosophy in the beginning of 20 century. This particular approach allows the scientist to conclude that every psychic phenomenon is a manifestation of human vitality and energy. Energy itself is neither destructive nor creative. Quality gives it value, giving direction to human life, as energy takes its course. Jung formulated the theme of human life and destiny, and examined it through the prism of the influence of the unconscious. Possession of the dialectical style of thinking allowed him to form his research methodology. He shows that, along with socialization, individualization is important for the individual, ensuring individuality and integrity.
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Wheldall, Kevin, and Richard Alexander. "The Deception Study: A Potential Paradigm for the Evaluation of Generalizability of Social Skills Training." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 13, no. 4 (October 1985): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300012088.
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Research into social skills training has, in common with much other contemporary educational psychology practice, been beset by the problem of how best to evaluate effectiveness. Alongside the movement towards more behaviourally inclined approaches has grown a dissatisfaction with the traditional methods of evaluting effectiveness. If we recognize behaviour per se as being the appropriate level for intervention, whether in relation to academic skills teaching, classroom management, social skills training or whatever, then it follows that effectiveness can only logically be assessed in terms of measurable changes in observed behaviour. Evaluation methodology has tended to lag behind interventional methodology, however, so that it has not been uncommon to see behavioural work assessed in terms of changes in attitude and/or knowledge. On occasion evaluation is not even attempted and behaviour change is assumed to generalize outside the specific confines of the intervention situation.
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Tardy-Gervet, Marie-Françoise, Jean-Claude Gilhodes, and Jean-Pierre Roll. "Forearm vs Whole-Body Sensations of Self-Motion: Some Results on the Role of the Sensorimotor Context." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 2 (October 1988): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.2.351.
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Making a subject's visual surroundings move can give rise to sensations of self-motion, which can either be restricted to the arm or involve the whole body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role played by the sensorimotor context in eliciting one or the other of these two types of illusory movement. Whether the type of sensation experienced by the subjects depended on their adoption of an actively maintained or relaxed posture was examined. Analysis showed subjects' posture was certainly one of the factors involved: a rigidly held position favoured the occurrence of whole body sensations of movement, whereas a relaxed attitude favoured occurrence of arm-restricted sensations. This postural factor alone does not, however, account for the variations recorded in our experiment which seem to be related to the stimulus parameters as well as to individual factors.
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Slobin, Dan I., Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Anetta Kopecka, and Asifa Majid. "Manners of human gait: a crosslinguistic event-naming study." Cognitive Linguistics 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2014): 701–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0061.
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AbstractCrosslinguistic studies of expressions of motion events have found that Talmy's binary typology of verb-framed and satellite-framed languages is reflected in language use. In particular, Manner of motion is relatively more elaborated in satellite-framed languages (e.g., in narrative, picture description, conversation, translation). The present research builds on previous controlled studies of the domain of human motion by eliciting descriptions of a wide range of manners of walking and running filmed in natural circumstances. Descriptions were elicited from speakers of two satellite-framed languages (English, Polish) and three verb-framed languages (French, Spanish, Basque). The sampling of events in this study resulted in four major semantic clusters for these five languages: walking, running, non-canonical gaits (divided into bounce-and-recoil and syncopated movements), and quadrupedal movement (crawling). Counts of verb types found a broad tendency for satellite-framed languages to show greater lexical diversity, along with substantial within group variation. Going beyond most earlier studies, we also examined extended descriptions of manner of movement, isolating types of manner. The following categories of manner were identified and compared: attitude of actor, rate, effort, posture, and motor patterns of legs and feet. Satellite-framed speakers tended to elaborate expressive manner verbs, whereas verb-framed speakers used modification to add manner to neutral motion verbs.
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Sengupta, Mitul, and Mallika Banerjee. "Effect of dance movement therapy on improving communication and body attitude of the persons with autism, an experimental approach." Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy 15, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17432979.2020.1794961.
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Din, Noormariana Mohd, Mohd Zulkifli Muhammad, Mohammad Ismail, and Nadzirah Mohd Said. "The Impact of Asnaf Entrepreneur’s Intention Towards Decision and the Movement of Zakat Collection." Research in World Economy 11, no. 6 (October 8, 2020): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n6p284.
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Decision is an issue that needs to be explored in detail due to its relationship to an individual’s psychology. In the context of zakat that also acts as microfinancing (non-refundable fund), decision plays an important role in terms of collection and distribution. However, previous literature about zakat has not clarified this phenomenon especially in the context of Asnaf entrepreneurs. Asnaf entrepreneurs represent micro entrepreneurs who depend on zakat funds. Then, by benefiting the funds and getting support from the zakat institutions, Asnaf entrepreneurs become less dependent on the support and become zakat payers. Therefore, grounded by Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Asnaf Intention’s towards decision as the zakat payers. A total of 274 Asnaf entrepreneurs from Kelantan and Selangor had participated in this study. Data were collected through self-administered survey questionnaires. The main statistical technique used in this study is Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) by using Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 23. The study has shown that subjective norms are found to be most dominant predictor towards decision closely followed by attitude, and perceived behavioural control. The above findings have added several implications towards theory, both practical and managerial. In general, the findings of the study are consistent with the theory of planned behaviour. Moreover, Asnaf entrepreneur’s intention gives the better impact towards decision and zakat collection.
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Moldasanov, E. "THE PROBLEM OF "CONCEPT" IN THE WORKS OF TANJARYK GADIOLI, IT IS REFLECTED IN THE WORKS OF THE POET." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 72, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-7804.09.
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In the works of Tanzharyk Zholdyuly the concepts of "woman", "man", "truth", "native land", "country" are found, the world of the poet. There is a subtle psychology, the attitude of the poet to the Motherland, the native land, love, a sense of patriotism. With the help of the study of linguistic personality T. Zholdyuly, we recognize the linguistic personality, isolated by the nature of the national cultural existence, the national spirit of patriotism, the beauty of the environment, the mastery of the fine arts of the national worldview. Having studied the linguistic personality of the poet, it is possible to clearly see the national existence and worldview of the people. Clearly, from the Civil personality of Tanzharyk Zholdyuly there is an aspiration to influence, movement in the Kazakh society. In this direction in his works there are many own word combinations, author's metaphors and comparisons, which represent the national character. The staging of the lexical layer of the poet's works: Kazakh national cultural environment, existence, truth, worldview and worldview. In further study at the cognitive and pragmatic levels, allowing us to fully recognize the language personality, allows us to recognize the language personality as a poet, artist, master of the artistic word.
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Eichberg, Henning. "Bodily Democracy and Development through Sport - towards Intercultural Recognition." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 49, no. 1 (October 1, 2010): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-010-0016-y.
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Bodily Democracy and Development through Sport - towards Intercultural RecognitionThe theory of ‘development’, when applied to sports, remains an ambiguous and unclear reference. ‘Development’, like ‘modernization’, can be interpreted as Western sports exported to the Third World, as a neo-colonial ‘brawn drain’ of African athletes to the West, as evolutionism and ‘individualization’, none of which considers cultural diversity. This article analyses functionalist developmental theory, currently mainstream in countries like Germany. Developmental theory has a tendency to overlook diversity in sports and, more specifically, dynamics in popular sports and movement culture within different social contexts. There is nothing like ‘the one sport’, nor does ‘the soccer game’ exist alone in the rich world of football. Diversity in sports inspires differentiated views of democracy. How are different forms of democracy, especially in today's ‘competitive state’, implicated in sports? There is no reason to cultivate an attitude of better-knowing when facing the development of ‘the others’. This limitation launches a humble start for sports development as a means of mutual exchange and enrichment.
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Vernet, Jean Pierre, Jorge Vala, and Fabrizio Butera. "Can men promote feminist movements?" Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 14, no. 5 (March 11, 2011): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430210398013.
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This research investigates the possibility for men to promote feminist movements. In two experiments, we used the social influence technique of reassociation, known to reduce the rejection of feminists by blaming the target for forgetting that feminists have promoted women’s rights. An influence source, either same-gender (lower threat) or different-gender (higher threat), confronted participants with the reassociation technique and blamed them in a more versus less threatening manner. This procedure is known to induce positive attitude change when threat is lower. Results of two experiments showed that a less threatening ingroup source induced a more positive attitude change toward feminists when reassociation was less threatening than when it was more threatening, while a more threatening outgroup source achieved equally lower levels of attitude change in all conditions. In sum, the reassociation procedure can be used to ameliorate attitudes toward feminist movements, but within the framework of intragroup, not intergroup, social influence communications.
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Hassoon, Muna Mohammed. "Hitler's Policy Towards Iraq 1933-1945." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 4794–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1641.
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This study demonstrates the Germany's policy towards Iraq after the arrival of the Nazis to power in 1933 till the end of World War II. Because of the geopolitical importance of Iraq, and specifically after its independence and its entry into the League of Nations in 1932, the international parties became in a struggle to dominate Iraq in particular, and the Middle East in general. The study aimed to shed light on Hitler's policy of dominating the Western influence in Iraq, occupying new areas in order to penetrate his power and control, and in his desire to acquire Europe, he was striking the influence of his enemies, especially Britain. The study identified a problem that was based on Germany's betting on time as a significant factor, and how it could be used to serve its strategic plan, taking into account Britain's pressure and its interests in Iraq. The study came out with many conclusions, the most important of which is Germany's growing role to find a foothold in the Middle East, as well as the poor strategic planning of Germany since it did not have any clear goals in that region. In addition, its policy was a reflection of the plans of its allies. The structure of the study was divided into an introduction, and three axes: first, German-Iraqi relations 1919-1939; second, World War II and the Iraqi stance of it it; third, May’s movement 1941 and the German attitude of it, finally, the Conclusion which included the most important findings and recommendations, namely: 1- The growing role of Germany to find a foothold In the Middle East after it achieving its national unity in 1870. However, the German penetration in Iraq was not easy as it was interrupted by many challenges caused by the major countries, particularly Britain. 2- the Germanic strategic planning in the Middle East was poor because it did not have clear goals in the region. Its movements there came as if they were only a reaction to the Allied plans and the depletion of Britain's power. 3- Germany's defeat in the First World War made it interested in restoring its position in Europe and improving its internal conditions, which led to the decline of its international relations with other countries, including Iraq. 4- The developments in Iraq in 1941 provided a valuable opportunity for Germany, but its military failure in its war operations affected its political activities in Iraq to the extent that it ended the German role in Iraq. 5- Germany’s failures began in the last years of the war that reached its climax in 1943, signaling the end of Germany’s aspirations in the East in general and Iraq in particular. Hence, an important stage of the German activities had ended in which Iraq was an arena for conflict between Britain and Germany.
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Xicoy, Enric, Cristina Perales-García, and Rafael Xambó. "Shaping Public Opinion for Confrontation: Catalan Independence Claims as Represented in Spanish, Catalan, Valencian, and Basque Editorials." American Behavioral Scientist 61, no. 9 (May 5, 2017): 1040–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764217708587.
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Editorials represent a newspaper’s principal means of ideological positioning and serve to identify the attitude of each newspaper and its readership to some of the main actors in any given conflict, especially those that are political in nature. Catalonia’s independence movement has experienced a surge in recent years. The turning point came in July 2010, after Spain’s constitutional court ruled against some aspects of Catalonia’s Statute of Autonomy (the legislation regulating the relationship between the Catalan autonomous community and the Spanish state). The ruling annulled some of the articles of the statute. The demonstration in support of Catalan independence that took place on September 11, 2012, was considered the most important among several mass rallies held for this purpose over successive years on Catalonia’s National Day. This article presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of editorial articles published around these two key dates, with the goal of studying each newspaper’s treatment of political actors and their degree of identification with these actors. Their use of arguments aimed at persuading readers and legitimizing a given position during the specified time periods in 2010 and 2012 will also be studied. The study focuses on the editorial articles published by several newspapers in four distinct regional contexts: Catalonia, Valencia, the Basque Country, as well as the whole of Spain. The analyzed articles were published a few days before and after July 10, 2010, and September 11, 2012.
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Shemyakina, Olga V. "The Discussion about the Book “The People’s Will Party’s Journalism” by E.E. Kolosov in 1930-1932." RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 448–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-2-448-467.
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The article considers the discussion of the book The Peoples Will Partys Journalism by D. Kuzmin (E.E. Kolosov). Its key question was the role of N.K. Mikhailovskii and L.A. Tikhomirov in the journalism and ideology of the Peoples Will. The discussion is of interest because it involved Marxist historians, old populists, and former Socialist Revolutionaries (Kolosov himself). The first part of the article focuses on the biography of Kolosov and analyses his book in the context of the historiography of populism of the 1920s. The article then scrutinizes the origins and content of the critical Afterword by V.N. Figner and the reasons of her negative reaction to The Peoples Will Partys Journalism. The author pays a special attention to the attitude of V.N. Figner and other old revolutionaries to Tikhomirov and his memoirs which were published in an abridged version in the 1920s. On the basis of published and archival sources the author analyses the opinions of old revolutionaries (A.P. Pribyleva-Korba, M.F. Frolenko, A.V. Yakimova, P.S. Ivanovskaia, N.S. Rusanov) and Marxist historians (I.A. Teodorovich, B.P. Kozmin, B.I. Gorev, P.I. Anatolev). Finally, the article reviews the final stage of the discussion, when Kolosov strove to prove his point, using the language of political accusations, characteristic to the Bolsheviks journalism of the early 1930s. On the basis of the materials of the discussion, the author attempts to discern different approaches to the study of the past of all abovementioned parties. Marxist historians paid a special attention to ideology and genealogy of the revolutionary movement. Figner and other old populists sought to preserve the memory of the revolutionary generation of the 1870s with their distinctive practical experience, psychology and ethics. Kolosov was eager to combine his political views and research interests, putting them in a highly volatile historiographical context of the 1930s. Unlike Figner, Kolosov could not be indifferent to the Marxist literature, so he was trying to find a place for his politics in contemporary context.
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Pradhan, Deepti, Mark Trullinger, Joyce Thatcher, Gerson Morales, Nickesha Riggins, Stephanie Beck, and Shirley Carroll. "A Study of Occupy D.C.: The Global Psychology Perspective." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 20 (July 30, 2016): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n20p104.
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The Occupy Movement in the U.S. was a reflection of globalization inspired by the Arab Spring and grounded in Ghandi’s model of non-violent protestation. However, it was largely ineffective at significantly shifting public policy. This study was conducted during the heart of the movement, spring 2012, and utilized a qualitative phenomenological design from an international psychology perspective to explore the meaning, perception, change, and motivation of Occupy members at one of the most prominent Occupy Movement locations, Washington, D.C.’s McPherson Square Park. Additionally, the study explored the understanding of, attitudes toward, and willingness to assist the Occupy Movement of students and faculty at a professional psychology school located in one of the buildings overlooking McPherson Square Park. Semi-structured and online interviews of Occupy members (N=10) and psychology school students (N=10) and faculty (N=3) were conducted. An online survey was also utilized for each group, Occupy members (N=8) and students (N=40). The results indicate that Occupy DC members valued diversity of opinion, goals, and viewpoints; however the acceptance and promotion of varying viewpoints appears to have disjointed occupiers’ vision and the professional psychology school’s student and faculty knowledge of the meaning and reason behind Occupy in DC. The first signs of the reasons for the eventual decline of Occupy DC were identified, such as a loss of coherent vision and forced removal from the park for environmental and health reasons. These signs also acted as barriers that kept the neighboring professional psychology students and faculty from providing assistance to the occupiers.
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Grebenyuk, A. A. "METAMO-MODERN PSYCHOLOGY: PSYCHOLOGICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Sociology. Pedagogy. Psychology 6(72), no. 3 (2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1709-2020-6-3-67-76.
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The formation of a new dominant type of culture at the beginning of the 21st century – metamodernism – required the creation of psychological images of a person that would face the challenges of the modern diverse and contradictory world with its all-pervasive virtualization and the creation of previously unseen simulacra of very high orders. Due to these, arose the need for a holistic syncretic reconstruction of psychology as a contradictory unity of science, art and craft. Metamodernism suggests that psychology go on to describe the nature of the psyche and human behavior, using the language of a new aesthetic form – pragmatic romanticism without ideologies. Why shift the research focus from studying a person’s attitude to self, activities and to other people, to expressing this attitude so that one begins to see the study of psychological problems presented by a person, the way one expresses one’s attitude to them, based on true scale of their meaning for one’s personality. The transition happens from studying “attitude to the problem” to studying “expression of the attitude to the problem” consequently excluding provocativeness and irony from psychological tools, which are replaced by a warm human attitude, which is supported by self-reflection, intertextuality and by various references to other cultural forms of expression of the attitude to the problem. Metamodern psychology does not choose a modernist romantic claim to a deep knowledge of the psyche and human behavior, or a postmodern superficiality of such knowledge, but a metamodern depthlessness, in which the presence of a depth of the psyche is recognized, acknowledging that psychology can occasionally peer into, sometimes revealing things previously unseen by it. Guided by the principle of “fluctuation,” it explores as objects of study trivial psychic and behavioral mechanisms and phenomena that, from a modernist and postmodern aesthetic point of view, habitually seem unattractive, simplistic or trivial to view their always existing natural beauty without irony and change them attitude. It suggests starting to view the psychologist as a go-between the client’s inner world, containing a variety of forms hidden in its movements, and psychological concepts, as a result of which it tightly connects the psychological plan formed in the process of such interaction with its implementation.
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Passini, Stefano, and Paola Villano. "Left–Right Orientation and Electoral Choices: Divergences in the Relationships With Authority and Out-Groups." Psychological Reports 121, no. 6 (November 21, 2017): 1131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294117742656.
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New political parties and movements have recently grown across Europe. These parties often state their distance from the classic left–right juxtaposition, even if their voters still place themselves in the left–right continuum. The aim of the present research was to focus on the Italian political context and to analyze differences between left of center and right of center self-positioned people on attitudes concerning authority–individual and intergroup relationships. The results confirm the hypotheses. Left of center voters have lower attitudes of authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, prejudice, and ethnocentrism; they are less supportive of harsh punitive methods toward delinquents; and attach more importance to democratic values as compared with right of center voters. These differences are significant also considering voters within the same party. Although participants have declared they vote for the same party/movement, the voters who place themselves on the left of center indeed appear to have different views from those on the right of center, as concerns the relationship with authority and attitudes toward minorities.
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Bishop, P. "Rhetoric, Memory, and Power: Depth Psychology and Postmodern Geography." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 10, no. 1 (February 1992): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d100005.
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The attitude towards rhetoric, metaphor, and imagery is identified in this paper as being central both to the definition of postmodernism and to any postmodern scholarship. It is also claimed that questions about the relationship between archetypal psychology and geography mirrors the wider postmodern phenomenon of comparative knowledges. By focusing on radical criticism of contemporary heritage movements it is shown how archetypal psychology can help to deepen metaphorical reflection on such crucial issues as fantasy, theory, history, and memory. In particular, it is insisted that such reflections should themselves avoid philosophical abstraction and stay as close as possible to the logic of imaginative discourse.
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Konarczak–Stachowiak, Agnieszka. "Wybrane metody rehabilitacji dziecka z zaburzeniami słuchu i mowy." Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kse.2016.10.23.
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Music therapy and choreotherapy are two extensive term. They do not apply only music, movement and therapy, but they include a lot of modern science, for example: psychology, music psychology, psychotherapy, psychiatry, medicine, pedagogy, special pedagogy, music education, physic education, audiology, acoustics, psychoacoustic, speech therapy, sociology, music philosophy, musicology and diffrent kind of therapy by art and movement. Therefore sound therapy and movement therapy is trans–disciplinary. It is unique thing like music and natural thing like movement. Basic kind of movement with music in therapy and rehabilitation: dance, recreation with music and movement, gymnastic with music and physical improvisation. The effectiveness of methods that use sound and movement in hearing and speech therapy is due to fact that: music and speech include rhythm, melody, tempo, volume, articulation, timbre, phrasing, accents etc.; speech development can coincide with motor development. The movement is main form child’s development. Disorders in the motor development of the child have a direct or indirect impact on the development of the child’s speech. When we teach our child motor development, also we support the development of speech, becouse the brain has one point that connect these two features. Music and movement activities with elements of music therapy, choreotherapy and rhythm therapy trains sense of rhythm, hearing and music memory and it is very important for harmonious and quiet growing up child’s – on a intellectual, physical, emotional and social plane, because of it all of processes that work in adult organism are improved. Main objective of the activities is develop different skills, attitudes and habits.
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Vernet, Jean-Pierre, Jorge Vala, Ligia Amâncio, and Fabrizio Butera. "Conscientization of Social Cryptomnesia Reduces Hostile Sexism and Rejection of Feminists." Social Psychology 40, no. 3 (January 2009): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.40.3.130.
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This paper develops a hypothesis concerning the conscientization of social cryptomnesia, claiming that it is possible to reduce the rejection of minorities by reminding the population that a certain value has been promoted by a certain minority. Participants (N = 93) first reported their attitudes toward women’s rights and feminist movements. They were then confronted with their higher appreciation of women’s rights over feminists (social cryptomnesia) and blamed for it (conscientization) in a more versus less threatening manner. Results indicated that conscientization can be effective not only in inducing a more positive attitude toward feminists, but also in decreasing hostile sexism when the threat is lower. Implications for minority influence research are discussed.
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Corral, Álvaro J. "Allies, Antagonists, or Ambivalent? Exploring Latino Attitudes about the Black Lives Matter Movement." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 42, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 431–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986320949540.
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While many Latinos suffer the injustices of racial profiling at the hands of law enforcement and immigration officials, differences in immigration status, racial identity, contact with the Black community, and the prevalence anti-Black sentiment pose challenges for coalition building with Blacks. This study explores the factors that lead to an avenue for allyship from the Latino community to the Black community. Using attitudes about the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, a series of hypotheses are tested to examine the structure of Latino-Black compared to white-Black coalitions. Two major findings emerge from the analysis; first, differences between whites and Latinos reveal that the effect of harboring anti-Black stereotypes are extraordinarily predictive of rejecting calls for racial social justice and combatting the scourge of police killings of unarmed Black men among whites but not among Latinos. Second, differences according to Latino racial identity and indicators of acculturation also impact support for the BLM movement in ways that both reaffirm but also challenge previous scholarship. These results suggest that while on the whole Latinos, and especially immigrants, are uninformed about BLM, once aware they exhibit a generally supportive stance toward the movement’s goals of criminal justice reform.
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Tang, Gary, Eva Hung, Ho-Kong Au-Yeung, and Samson Yuen. "Politically Motivated Internet Addiction: Relationships among Online Information Exposure, Internet Addiction, FOMO, Psychological Well-being, and Radicalism in Massive Political Turbulence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020633.
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This research examines the mediating role of the tendency for Internet addiction, fear of missing out (FOMO), and psychological well-being in the relationship between online exposure to movement-related information and support for radical actions. A questionnaire survey that targets tertiary students was conducted during the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti-ELAB) Movement (N = 290). The findings reveal the mediating effect of Internet addiction and depression on the main relationship. These findings enrich the literature of political communication by addressing the political impact of Internet use beyond digital architecture. From the perspective of psychology, this research echoes the literature that concerns depression symptoms driven by a protest environment. Radical political attitudes driven by depression during protests should also be concerned based on the findings of this survey.
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Low, Brian J. "“The New Generation”: Mental Hygiene and the Portrayals of Children by the National Film Board of Canada, 1946–1967." History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 4 (2003): 540–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00134.x.
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That is the achievement of the psychologists. In our own society they are very kind, and do everything for our own good. The tales of what they do elsewhere are rather terrifying.—Hilda NeatbySo Little for the Mind (1953)Documenting the impact of the mental hygiene movement has been problematical for historians. The hygienists operated in the realm of mass psychology and social relations, within the “mentalities” of children—particularly of the postwar generation—who have left little observable evidence of changing social attitudes and relationships resulting from changes to mass child-rearing and schooling practices. The influence of the movement upon parenting literature and curricular documents may be readily observed in postwar baby books, magazines, newspapers, radio scripts, and films, as well as in the changing language of educational theorists and practitioners. But as to seeing the actual effects of this material upon any society, documentary evidence has remained elusive.
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Eidelson, Roy J. "Complex Adaptive Systems in the Behavioral and Social Sciences." Review of General Psychology 1, no. 1 (March 1997): 42–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.1.1.42.
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This article examines applications of complexity theory within the behavioral and social sciences. Specific attention is given to the fundamental characteristics of complex adaptive systems (CAS)—such as individuals, groups, and societies—including the underlying structure of CAS, the internal dynamics of evolving CAS, and how CAS respond to their environment. Examples drawn from psychology, sociology, economics, and political science include attitude formation, majority–minority relations, social networks, family systems, psychotherapy, norm formation, organizational development, coalition formation, economic instabilities, urban development, the electoral process, political transitions, international relations, social movements, drug policy, and criminal behavior. The discussion also addresses the obstacles to implementing the CAS perspective in the behavioral and social sciences and implications for research methodology.
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Fassinger, Ruth E. "Development and Testing of the Attitudes Toward Feminism and the Women's Movement (FWM) Scale." Psychology of Women Quarterly 18, no. 3 (September 1994): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00462.x.
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This article outlines the development and testing of the Attitudes Toward Feminism and the Women's Movement (FWM) Scale, a brief measure of affective attitudes toward the feminist movement. Thurstone's (1959) method of equal-appearing intervals was used initially to create the final 10-item summated rating (Likert) scale. Establishment of internal consistency reliability and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity was determined on a sample of 117 female and male college students. Results suggested a highly internally consistent and valid attitudinal measure. Additional evidence for the validity of the FWM is discussed in terms of research in which it has been successfully used.
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Bobo, Lawrence. "Attitudes Toward the Black Political Movement: Trends, Meaning, and Effects on Racial Policy Preferences." Social Psychology Quarterly 51, no. 4 (December 1988): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786757.
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Brekhman, Grigori Iosifovich. "Home birth as a way of protection by woman itself and of her child." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 61, no. 5 (September 15, 2012): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd615115-121.
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The growing obstetrical aggression as aspiration of the doctors actively to operate by labor in a combination with formal attitudes between the woman and accompanying man in labor have given a pulse to occurrence and increase in the world of alternative movement for home birth. From a position of perinatal psychology it could be considered as a display of a woman self-defence and her protection of the unborn child. The author discusses the significance of the mental factor in labor, and also in a choice of a place of delivery. He comes to the conclusion about an opportunity of parallel functioning of two forms of support of the women in labor: in maternity branch of hospital and home under condition of the legislatively authorized Rules about their interaction
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Sawyer, Jeremy, and Anup Gampa. "Implicit and Explicit Racial Attitudes Changed During Black Lives Matter." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 7 (March 13, 2018): 1039–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218757454.
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Lab-based interventions have been ineffective in changing individuals’ implicit racial attitudes for more than brief durations, and exposure to high-status Black exemplars like Obama has proven ineffective in shifting societal-level racial attitudes. Antiracist social movements, however, offer a potential societal-level alternative for reducing racial bias. Racial attitudes were examined before and during Black Lives Matter (BLM) and its high points of struggle with 1,369,204 participants from 2009 to 2016. After controlling for changes in participant demographics, overall implicit attitudes were less pro-White during BLM than pre-BLM, became increasingly less pro-White across BLM, and were less pro-White during most periods of high BLM struggle. Considering changes in implicit attitudes by participant race, Whites became less implicitly pro-White during BLM, whereas Blacks showed little change. Regarding explicit attitudes, Whites became less pro-White and Blacks became less pro-Black during BLM, each moving toward an egalitarian “no preference” position.
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Syarifuddin, Syarifuddin, and Samsul Arifin. "PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI JAMA'AH SHOLAWATAN." LISAN AL-HAL: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan 10, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v10i1.117.
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At-tawazun Counseling: Pesantren Based Best Practices Counselling For Developing a better person.The characteristics of Islam Nusantara (The Islamic Archipelago) which is known as tawasuth, tasamuh, and tawazun can be found in various areas of life as it covers many aspects such as thought, movement and best practices. The characteristics of Islam Nusantara are also seen in the world of psychology and counseling which have been practiced in pesantren by santri (students in pesantren) and clerics. This paper aims to; first to develop a design of psychology and counseling from the texts of classical book (kitab kuning), especially texts of morality and mysticism taught in pesantren. Second, to describe the implementation of best practices related to psychology and counseling in pesantren, especially on the formation of character psychologically so that the students (santri) grow and develop as better persons. Lastly, to understand the traces of Islam Nusantara in boarding schools (pesantren) that becomes best practices in the field of psychology and counseling.The researcher adopted several stages of Mallon (2004: 75-85) that uses quadri-hermeneutics or reflexive methodology in one of his research as this study used qualitative research methods combined with the type of ethnographic hermeneutics. The findings are there are correlations between the quality of scientific prowess and skill (shalahiyyah) and integrity (character strength). Meanwhile, in behavior modification techniques, pesantren realm balance between the physical aspects, giving ta'zir and targhib, student-teacher mutual interaction (counselor-counselee) in the technique of application and other balance values. This at-tawazun construction is in line with the characteristics of the paradigm of thinking, social attitudes, and the context of the existence of Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School.Â
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Campbell, Bernadette, E. Glenn Schellenberg, and Charlene Y. Senn. "Evaluating Measures of Contemporary Sexism." Psychology of Women Quarterly 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00102.x.
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Two recently published measures of contemporary sexist attitudes were examined and compared with a sample of 106 Canadian college students. Swim, Aikin, Hall, and Hunter's (1995) Modern Sexism scale was found to be an acceptable measure of sexist attitudes in terms of its internal reliability and its ability to predict other gender-related political attitudes. Although the Modern Sexism scale and the Neosexism scale (Tougas, Brown, Beaton, & Joly, 1995) were equally good at predicting support for the feminist movement and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men, the Neosexism scale had better internal reliability and exhibited stronger gender differences. Moreover, the Neosexism scale was superior at predicting value orientations relevant to modern prejudices.
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Park, Jun Won, Preeti Vani, Sidney Saint-Hilaire, and Michael W. Kraus. "Disadvantaged group activists' attitudes toward advantaged group allies in social movements." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 98 (January 2022): 104226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104226.
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Poliszczuk, Tatiana, and Ilona Dzich. "The Significance of Expression through Movement during Educational Process." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 51, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-011-0006-8.
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The Significance of Expression through Movement during Educational ProcessThis paper discusses the significance of expression through movement in modern education. People's attitudes towards their body image are described both in the context of physical culture and as they are perceived by society. Also discussed are the necessary changes to be made in physical education programs.The aim of the study is to analyze students' attitudes towards movement expression as a manifestation of body consciousness and the importance of using it in different aspects of social life. The study was carried out with 224 students from the University of Physical Education and the University of Technology in Warsaw. The paper is based both on opinion polls and empirical study. Different research methods, such as a questionnaire and an analysis of documentation, were applied.The resulting analysis indicates the need for movement expression in youth, both for personal and career development, nowadays an essential factor of success. Expression through movement is an important field of physical education that should be developed in modern times. Therefore it seems justifiable to include it in physical education programs at schools and universities. Above all, expression can become a useful tool for functioning in a dynamically changing social environment.
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van Laar, Colette, Jim Sidanius, and Shana Levin. "Ethnic-Related Curricula and Intergroup Attitudes in College: Movement Toward and Away From the In-Group." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 38, no. 6 (June 2008): 1601–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00361.x.
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Lewin, Miriam, and Lilli M. Tragos. "Has the feminist movement influenced adolescent sex role attitudes? A reassessment after a quarter century." Sex Roles 16, no. 3-4 (February 1987): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00289644.
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Ruggieri, Vezio, and Alexander Katsnelson. "An Analysis of a Performance by the Violinist D. Oistrakh: The Hypothetical Role of Postural Tonic-Static and Entourage Movements." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 1 (February 1996): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.291.
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In an interdisciplinary research project carried out by a violinist and a psychophysiologist which is based on a videotape of a performance by the violinist, David Oistrakh, we draw attention to certain postural attitudes and movements which appear in sequences of his rendition of the Brandenburg Concerto N. 4 by Bach and the Concerto for Violin in D Major by Mozart. These postural attitudes and movements occur with a certain regularity and are particular to each piece of music. For example, in the Brandenburg Concerto, one can observe rhythmic oscillations of the musician's whole body, with a shifting of the weight (alternanza di appoggio) from the left to the right foot. The performer's movements were compared with corresponding points of the musical score. Within this analytical framework, we hypothesize that these movements have not only a mechanical postural role but an expressive aesthetic one.
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McAdams, Dan P. "Three Lines of Personality Development." European Psychologist 20, no. 4 (October 2015): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000236.
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Abstract. The paper outlines a new and broadly inclusive conceptual itinerary for the scientific study of personality development across the human life course. From the standpoint of the person as a social actor, a first line of development runs from the temperament dimensions observed in infancy through the establishment of adult personality traits, tracking a movement toward greater elaboration and regulation of the person’s socio-emotional performance style. A second line of development traces continuity and change in the motivated agent, running from the child’s consolidation of theory of mind, through an age 5–7 shift, to the articulation in adolescence and adulthood of life goals and values. From the perspective of the autobiographical author, a third line of personality development runs from the sharing of episodic memories between preschool children and their parents to the emergence of autobiographical reasoning skills in adolescence, ultimately resulting in the construction of an integrative life story, or narrative identity. The itinerary expands the purview of personality development beyond the canonical trait concept to encompass contemporary theories and findings in evolutionary psychology, sociology, and motivational psychology, as well as the study of cognitive development in children, moral development, political orientations, religious attitudes and practices, autobiographical memory, and the master narratives of culture.
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Hahn, Austin M., Raluca M. Simons, Jeffrey S. Simons, Reinout W. Wiers, and Logan E. Welker. "Can Cognitive Bias Modification Simultaneously Target Two Behaviors? Approach Bias Retraining for Alcohol and Condom Use." Clinical Psychological Science 7, no. 5 (April 2, 2019): 1078–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619834570.
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This study tested the effectiveness of a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention to simultaneously reduce approach biases toward alcohol and increase approach biases toward condoms among high-risk young adults. Participants ( N = 102) were randomly assigned to either a training condition or a sham-training condition. Participants in the training condition were trained to make avoidance movements away from alcohol stimuli and approach movements toward condom stimuli over four training sessions. Approach biases and behavior were assessed at pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up. Approach biases changed for both stimulus categories in accordance with training condition. Condom behavior and attitudes also changed as a function of training condition such that participants in the training condition reported fewer instances of condom nonuse and more positive attitudes toward condoms at a 3-month follow-up. Participants in both conditions had significant reductions in alcohol consumption following the intervention and did not differ by training condition.
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Kaštelan Mrak, Marija, and Sanda Grudić Kvasić. "The mediating role of hotel employees’ job satisfaction and performance in the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational performance." Management 26, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi.26.1.6.
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Authentic leadership is a positive leadership theory, conceptualized under the influence of positive psychology and positive organizational behaviour movement. Although it has become a recognized leadership theory, it is still somewhat neglected in the hospitality literature. To address this gap, the paper seeks to develop and test a conceptual model linking authentic leadership to organizational performance in the hospitality context. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis on a sample of 226 employees from 24 hotels in Croatia. The research results confirmed the positive impact of authentic leadership on hotels’ operational performance, which was mediated by followers’ job satisfaction and performance. There was no empirical support for the hypothesized impact of authentic leadership on hotels’ financial performance. The findings suggest that authentic leadership behaviours, together with positive organisational settings, characterized by flexible organizational structure, are more likely to enhance desirable employees’ attitudes and behaviours, resulting in improved organizational performance.
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Jami, Waleed A., and Markus Kemmelmeier. "The social axioms of populism: Investigating the relationship between culture and populist attitudes." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 9, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.7295.
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Populism is on the rise with various movements having electoral breakthroughs. Most social-science research on populism has focused primarily on party tactics and rhetoric, and a definition for the term itself; only recently has populism emerged as a psychological construct. We contribute to this growing literature with two studies (n = 456 and n = 5,837) that investigated the cultural worldviews underpinned in populist attitudes. Using the social axioms model, an etic framework for assessing people’s generalized social expectations, we linked populist attitudes to universal dimensions of culture. We found that higher levels of social cynicism and social flexibility, and to a lesser extent, lower levels of fate control and reward for application predicted populist attitudes. These findings indicate that people who endorse populist attitudes, across a range of contexts, are cynical regarding the social world, believe in alternative solutions to social dilemmas, but may also perceive a world that is difficult to control and potentially unfair. The discussion focuses on the cultural forces that may drive or facilitate populist attitudes across context and time.
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Vanman, E. J., J. L. Saltz, L. R. Nathan, and J. A. Warren. "Racial Discrimination by Low-Prejudiced Whites: Facial Movements as Implicit Measures of Attitudes Related to Behavior." Psychological Science 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00746.x.
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Sadovina, Irina. "Legitimating New Religiosity in Contemporary Russia." Nova Religio 24, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 6–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2021.24.3.6.
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Attitudes toward alternative spirituality in Russia are shaped by legislative limitations on religious freedom, the state’s traditionalism, and Russian Orthodox anticultism. Nevertheless, public personalities associated with new religious movements persist and flourish. Oleg Torsunov, popularizer of Vedic Psychology and holistic medicine, is a striking example. Despite ongoing controversies about his religious affiliation, medical claims, and gender ideology, Torsunov continues to attract followers. This article examines why public figures such as Torsunov seem unsinkable in hostile cultural environments. Mapping the heated discursive landscape surrounding Torsunov, I argue that the secret to this resilience is a “legitimation lattice”—the strategy of grounding one’s authority in several sources of legitimacy. Torsunov’s lattice is composed of different interlocked strips: science, Indian spirituality, personal charisma, and common stereotypes. This structure increases the resilience of controversial public figures in two ways: by making their legitimation strategies flexible and by allowing them to emphasize mainstream values as needed.