Journal articles: 'Attitude (Psychology) Social psychology. Psychology, Social'

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Brawley, Lawrence R., and Kathleen A. Martin. "The Interface between Social and Sport Psychology." Sport Psychologist 9, no. 4 (December 1995): 469–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.9.4.469.

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Over the past three decades, an interface has developed between sport and social psychology, characterized primarily by commonly utilized concepts and theories. The list of social psychological benefits to sport psychology is lengthy and includes theory, hypotheses, research paradigms, general independent and dependent variables, methods, and measures. In this paper, the following areas of sport research are used to illustrate the interface between sport and social psychology: (a) social facilitation and cohesion as two social influence phenomena, (b) anxiety and goal orientations as personality moderators of social behavior, and (c) self-efficacy beliefs and attitudes as social cognitions relevant to motivated behavior. Each of these areas are discussed in terms of social psychology’s impact on its development as a line of research in sport and in terms of the recent contributions each has made in return to social psychology. The general nature of the interface of social and sport psychology is also discussed.

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Skitka, Linda J., Brittany E. Hanson, G. Scott Morgan, and Daniel C. Wisneski. "The Psychology of Moral Conviction." Annual Review of Psychology 72, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-063020-030612.

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This review covers theory and research on the psychological characteristics and consequences of attitudes that are experienced as moral convictions, that is, attitudes that people perceive as grounded in a fundamental distinction between right and wrong. Morally convicted attitudes represent something psychologically distinct from other constructs (e.g., strong but nonmoral attitudes or religious beliefs), are perceived as universally and objectively true, and are comparatively immune to authority or peer influence. Variance in moral conviction also predicts important social and political consequences. Stronger moral conviction about a given attitude object, for example, is associated with greater intolerance of attitude dissimilarity, resistance to procedural solutions for conflict about that issue, and increased political engagement and volunteerism in that attitude domain. Finally, we review recent research that explores the processes that lead to attitude moralization; we integrate these efforts and conclude with a new domain theory of attitude moralization.

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St John, Freya A. V., Gareth Edwards-Jones, and Julia P. G. Jones. "Conservation and human behaviour: lessons from social psychology." Wildlife Research 37, no. 8 (2010): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10032.

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Despite increased effort from non-governmental organisations, academics and governments over recent decades, several threats continue to cause species declines and even extinctions. Resource use by a growing human population is a significant driver of biodiversity loss, so conservation scientists need to be interested in the factors that motivate human behaviour. Economic models have been applied to human decision making for many years; however, humans are not financially rational beings and other characteristics of the decision maker (including attitude) and the pressure that people perceive to behave in a certain way (subjective norms) may influence decision making; these are characteristics considered by social psychologists interested in human decision making. We review social-psychology theories of behaviour and how they have been used in the context of conservation and natural-resource management. Many studies focus on general attitudes towards conservation rather than attitudes towards specific behaviours of relevance to conservation and thus have limited value in designing interventions to change specific behaviours (e.g. reduce hunting of a threatened species). By more specifically defining the behaviour of interest, and investigating attitude in the context of other social-psychological predictors of behaviour (e.g. subjective norms, the presence of facilitating factors and moral obligation), behaviours that have an impact on conservation goals will be better understood, allowing for the improved design of interventions to influence them.

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Doise, Willem. "Social psychology and human rights." European Review 6, no. 3 (August 1998): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700003380.

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In this paper I will illustrate the heuristic value of studying human rights as social representations. Results of cross-national studies are reported after a short presentation of social representation theory. Shared meanings in the field of human rights exist within and between cultural and national groups. Other findings concern dimensions on which individuals differ in their positioning toward human rights, related to respondents' beliefs about their own efficacy and the efficacy of institutions. These beliefs are anchored in national group membership, in value priorities and in experiences of social conflict. Studies in Geneva suggest there is a distinction between a large-scale principled agreement and much more restricted attitudes toward the application of human rights principles in specific situations.

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Mikheev, E. A., and T. A. Nestik. "Disinformation in social networks: current state and perspective research directions." Social Psychology and Society 9, no. 2 (2018): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2018090201.

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Studying problem of disinformation psychology mechanisms (manipulation of in- formation process), including developing in social psychology way — psychology ma- nipulation in social and mass media. Pay attention such psychology effects as mo- tivated reasoning, that confirms preexisting beliefs, normative influence, homophily, polarization (echo-cameras), negative collective emotions. There are not only theoreti- cal discussion, but also Russian and foreigner psychology, sociology, politology, PR and marketing researches. The ways for counteracting online astroturfing are discussed. Also there are still many psychological factors to be clarified with regard enhanced informal-psychology protection identity, such as, connection between attitude toward disinformation and values, trust, anxiety, social identities and level of social capital.

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No authorship indicated. "Review of Social Psychology: Attitudes, Cognition, and Social Behaviour." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 11 (November 1988): 1006–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/026278.

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Siev, Jedidiah. "Attitude and Behavior in (Classic) Social Psychology and Rabbinic Thought: Implications for Psychology of Religion Research." International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 19, no. 3 (June 23, 2009): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508610902880097.

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Resch, Mária, and Tamás Bella. "Political psychology." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 16 (April 2013): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29582.

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In Hungary one can mostly find references to the psychological processes of politics in the writings of publicists, public opinion pollsters, philosophers, social psychologists, and political analysts. It would be still important if not only legal scientists focusing on political institutions or sociologist-politologists concentrating on social structures could analyse the psychological aspects of political processes; but one could also do so through the application of the methods of political psychology. The authors review the history of political psychology, its position vis-à-vis other fields of science and the essential interfaces through which this field of science, which is still to be discovered in Hungary, connects to other social sciences. As far as its methodology comprising psycho-biographical analyses, questionnaire-based queries, cognitive mapping of interviews and statements are concerned, it is identical with the psychiatric tools of medical sciences. In the next part of this paper, the focus is shifted to the essence and contents of political psychology. Group dynamics properties, voters’ attitudes, leaders’ personalities and the behavioural patterns demonstrated by them in different political situations, authoritativeness, games, and charisma are all essential components of political psychology, which mostly analyses psychological-psychiatric processes and also involves medical sciences by relying on cognitive and behavioural sciences. This paper describes political psychology, which is basically part of social sciences, still, being an interdisciplinary science, has several ties to medical sciences through psychological and psychiatric aspects. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 619–626.

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Maldonado-Torres, Nelson. "Frantz Fanon and the decolonial turn in psychology: from modern/colonial methods to the decolonial attitude." South African Journal of Psychology 47, no. 4 (December 2017): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246317737918.

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Frantz Fanon, one of the foremost theoreticians of racism, colonization, and decolonization was a psychiatrist by training who wrote about psychology, social theory, and philosophy, among other areas. In his “work in psychology” Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon declares that he will “leave methods to the botanists and mathematicians.” In the face of colonial methods and attitudes, he searches for a decolonial attitude that seeks to “build the world of you.” With the search for this attitude at its core, Fanon’s corpus makes the case for a decolonial turn in psychology that poses the primacy of attitude over method in knowledge production. In such a form, psychology becomes a decolonial transdisciplinary practice that is close to decolonized versions of other fields in the human sciences, such as philosophy, sociology, history, literature, and political theory, as well as to decolonial activism and praxis.

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Kitayama, Shinobu. "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Attitudes and social cognition." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 112, no. 3 (2017): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000077.

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Hemlata. "ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3215.

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There is a multidisciplinary field focused on the study of the interrelations of human and its environment. Here, the broad definition of the word 'Environment' (item antecedent) includes all of the natural environment, social environment, built environment, educational environment and information environment.Over the years, extensive research work has been done on various aspects of the environment and this subject is gradually becoming a prosperity study area, many subjects have contributed to this study. Under its study area, the type of environment, the attitude of man towards them, the effects of culture, the structure and design of environment etc. are being analyzed in detail. मानव एवं उसके पर्यावरण के अन्तर्सम्बन्धों के अध्ययन पर केन्द्रित एक बहुविषयी क्षेत्र है। यहाँ पर पर्यावरण ;मदअपतवदउमदजद्ध शब्द की वृहद परिभाषा में प्राकृतिक पर्यावरणए सामाजिक पर्यावरणए निर्मित पर्यावरणए शैक्षिक पर्यावरण तथा सूचना.पर्यावरण सब समाहित हैं।विगत वर्षों में पर्यावरण के विभिन्न पक्षों को लेकर व्यापक शोध कार्य हुए हैं और यह विषय क्रमशः एक समृद्धि अध्ययन क्षेत्र बनता जा रहा है इस विषय में अध्ययन में अनेक विषयों का योगदान रहा है। इसके अध्ययन क्षेत्र के अन्तर्गत वातावरण के प्रकारए उनकेए प्रति मनुष्य की अभिवृत्तिए संस्कृति के प्रभावए पर्यावरण की संरचना और अभिकल्प इत्यादि का विस्तृति विश्लेषण किया जा रहा है।

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Rocklage, Matthew D., and Russell H. Fazio. "Attitude Accessibility as a Function of Emotionality." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217743762.

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Despite the centrality of both attitude accessibility and attitude basis to the last 30 years of theoretical and empirical work concerning attitudes, little work has systematically investigated their relation. The research that does exist provides conflicting results and is not at all conclusive given the methodology that has been used. The current research uses recent advances in statistical modeling and attitude measurement to provide the most systematic examination of the relation between attitude accessibility and basis to date. Specifically, we use mixed-effects modeling which accounts for variation across individuals and attitude objects in conjunction with the Evaluative Lexicon (EL)—a linguistic approach that allows for the simultaneous measurement of an attitude’s valence, extremity, and emotionality. We demonstrate across four studies, over 10,000 attitudes, and nearly 50 attitude objects that attitudes based on emotion tend to be more accessible in memory, particularly if the attitude is positive.

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Chiboola, Hector, Choolwe Chiboola, Patrick L. Mazila, and Violet W. Kunda. "Social Psychology and its Interface with Psychosocial Counselling." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 20499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/10/606.

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This article was developed based on the qualitative literature research with the intention of exploring the field of social psychology and its interface with psychosocial counselling. Social psychology seeks to understand how each person’s social behaviour is influenced by the culture, situation and environment in which it takes place; whereas psychosocial counselling aims to enhance the client’s psychological and social functioning in the context of his environment and circumstance. Social psychology and psychosocial counselling have both tended to focus more on managing specific human problems and social issues. The long established partnership between these two perspectives has resulted in the development of scientific theory and practical interventions over several decades. This implies that social psychology provides a framework of resources from which psychosocial counselling draws when dealing with the diverse problem situations that affect people in their social lives. The research question was: What elements in social psychology can interface with psychosocial counselling? The focus of the research was on three key elements in social psychology: self-concept, social attitudes and social prejudice. This article illustrates how these elements interface with psychosocial counselling. Therefore, social psychology and psychosocial counselling both have a significant role to play in the wider spectrum of social-welfare and human-relation services offered to needy people at all levels of contact.

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Moore-Berg, Samantha L., and Andrew Karpinski. "Race and Social Class as Intersecting Social Categories." Social Psychology 52, no. 4 (July 2021): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000451.

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Abstract. Race and social class are inherently confounded; however, much of the literature focuses on only one of these categories at a time during attitude assessment. Across three studies, we examined the influence of race and social class on implicit and explicit attitudes. Results indicated that participants had more positive attitudes toward high social class White and high social class Black people than low social class White and low social class Black people. Attitudes for high social class White versus high social class Black people and low social class White versus low social class Black people were more nuanced and attitude/measure dependent. Thus, this research highlights the intricacy of attitudes when considering intersectional categories.

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Greenwald, Anthony G., and Calvin K. Lai. "Implicit Social Cognition." Annual Review of Psychology 71, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 419–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050837.

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In the last 20 years, research on implicit social cognition has established that social judgments and behavior are guided by attitudes and stereotypes of which the actor may lack awareness. Research using the methods of implicit social cognition has produced the concept of implicit bias, which has generated wide attention not only in social, clinical, and developmental psychology, but also in disciplines outside of psychology, including business, law, criminal justice, medicine, education, and political science. Although this rapidly growing body of research offers prospects of useful societal applications, the theory needed to confidently guide those applications remains insufficiently developed. This article describes the methods that have been developed, the findings that have been obtained, and the theoretical questions that remain to be answered.

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Jost, John T., and Arie W. Kruglanski. "The Estrangement of Social Constructionism and Experimental Social Psychology: History of the Rift and Prospects for Reconciliation." Personality and Social Psychology Review 6, no. 3 (August 2002): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0603_1.

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Social constructionism and experimental social psychology represent two complementary paradigms for understanding human social behavior, but over the last quarter century they have remained oddly and unnecessarily estranged from one another In this article, we trace the history of social constructionist thought and find that the intellectual lineage and guiding assumptions of these two subcultures of social psychology are essentially the same. Next, we clarify the philosophical and ideological bases of their divide to determine how wide the rift really is. Although the differences may appear to be unbridgeable, we argue that a rapprochement is both possible and desirable. At the level of metatheory, Donald Campbell and William J. McGuire have demonstrated that constructionist and empirical insights can be usefully integrated in social psychology. At the level of empirical research, studies of the situated self-concept, social identity, collective representation, attitudes as temporary constructions, communication and shared reality, and cultural psychology have progressed through the incorporation of constructionist themes. Similar opportunities await researchers who explore the contextual bases of history, ideology, and other shared systems of meaning and their implications for social psychology. Finally, we identify some substantive and stylistic complementarities of social constructionism and experimental social psychology and analyze their joint potential for contributing to a well-balanced discipline of social psychology that is worthy of both parts of its name.

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Akrami, Nazar, Bo Ekehammar, and Fan Yang-Wallentin. "Personality and Social Psychology Factors Explaining Sexism." Journal of Individual Differences 32, no. 3 (January 2011): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000043.

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Previous research has almost exclusively examined sexism (negative attitudes toward women) from either a personality or a social-psychology perspective. In two studies (N = 379 and 182, respectively), we combine these perspectives and examine whether sexism is best explained by personality (Big-Five factors, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) or by social-psychological (group membership and group identification) variables – or by a combination of both approaches. Causal modeling and multiple regression analyses showed that, with the present set of variables, sexism was best explained by considering the combined influence of both personality- and social-psychology constructs. The findings imply that it is necessary to integrate various approaches to explain prejudice.

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BOWERS, JOHN. "Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour." British Journal of Social Psychology 27, no. 2 (June 1988): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1988.tb00818.x.

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Potter, Jonathan. "Discursive Social Psychology: From Attitudes to Evaluative Practices." European Review of Social Psychology 9, no. 1 (January 1998): 233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14792779843000090.

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Holtz, Rolf. "Upward Social Projection and Attitude Certainty." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 31, no. 1 (February 19, 2009): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01973530802659901.

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Stroebe, Wolfgang. "The Task of Social Psychology Is to Explain Behavior not Just to Observe it." Social Psychological Bulletin 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): e26131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/spb.v13i2.26131.

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Doliński (2018, this issue) deplores the decline of behavior observation in social psychology since the 1960’s and asks whether (social-) psychology is still a behavioral science. I question both, that there was a decline and that direct behavior observations are essential for a science of behavior. After all, behavior can also be inferred from outcomes and other traces of behavior. During the alleged heydays of behavioral observation, social psychology was threatened by a crisis partly precipitated by Wicker’s (1969) demonstration that verbal attitude measures were often unrelated to behavioral responses towards attitude objects. His critique was devastating, because social psychology at that time relied heavily on rating scales as dependent measure. The advance of the social cognition movement in the 1970’s was to provide social psychology with new techniques (e.g., priming, cognitive load, reaction time techniques) that eased the reliance on rating scales. At the same time, it became insufficient to merely show a relationship between an external event and a behavioral response and to rely on speculations about the internal processes that might have been responsible for this relationship. Instead, studies had to assess the cognitive and motivational processes assumed to link those external events, typically – but not always – using social cognition techniques. This required additional studies leading to a decline in the proportion of studies reporting behavioral observations. I illustrate this development with one of my own research programs and also suggest that in this example an outcome may be a more valid measure of behavior than behavioral observations.

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Clarkson, Joshua J., Zakary L. Tormala, and Derek D. Rucker. "Cognitive and Affective Matching Effects in Persuasion." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 11 (July 6, 2011): 1415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211413394.

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Past research suggests that cognitive and affective attitudes are more open to change toward cognitive and affective (i.e., matched) persuasive attacks, respectively. The present research investigates how attitude certainty influences this openness. Although an extensive literature suggests that certainty generally reduces an attitude’s openness to change, the authors explore the possibility that certainty might increase an attitude’s openness to change in the context of affective or cognitive appeals. Based on the recently proposed amplification hypothesis, the authors posit that high (vs. low) attitude certainty will boost the resistance of attitudes to mismatched attacks (e.g., affective attitudes attacked by cognitive messages) but boost the openness of attitudes to matched attacks (e.g., affective attitudes attacked by affective messages). Two experiments provide support for this hypothesis. Implications for increasing the openness of attitudes to both matched and mismatched attacks are discussed.

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Gordeeva, Svetlana Sergeevna. "ESSENCE AND STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL ATTITUDES IN SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 3(27) (2016): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2016-3-135-140.

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Van Knippenberg, Ad, and Henk Wilke. "Social categorization and attitude change." European Journal of Social Psychology 18, no. 5 (October 1988): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420180503.

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Pratkanis, Anthony R., and Michael D. Santos. "Teaching Social Psychology's Indispensable Concept: Four New Attitude and Attitude Change Textbooks." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 38, no. 1 (January 1993): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/032925.

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McCrae, Robert R., and Paul T. Costa. "Trait explanations in personality psychology." European Journal of Personality 9, no. 4 (November 1995): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410090402.

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Recent debates on the status of contemporary trait psychology (Pervin, 1994) have revived old questions about the role of traits in the explanation of behavior: are traits mere descriptions of behavior, or do they offer one legitimate and useful form of explanation? We review the logic of trait explanation and present a general model of the person in which personality traits are hypothetical constructs regarded as basic dispositions. In interaction with external influences—notably shared meaning systems—traits contribute causally to the development of habits, attitudes, skills, and other characteristic adaptations. In this model, action and experience can be explained directly or proximally in terms of the interaction of the immediate situation with the individual's characteristic adaptations, and indirectly or distally in terms of underlying personality traits.

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Takho-Godi, E. A. "A.F. Losev and Psychology." Cultural-Historical Psychology 14, no. 4 (2018): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2018140410.

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This article is devoted to the great Russian philosopher A.F. Losev (1983—1988) and his place in the history of evolution of Russian psychology. Losev’s attitude to his scientific advisor at the Institute of Psychology, G.I. Chelpanov, as well as to the ensuing discussions between G.I. Chelpanov and K.N. Kornilov in the 1920s are being considered. Attention is focused on the generation of Losev’s interest in psychology, and consequent transformation of the works of the 1910s directly devoted to psychological problems (“Criticism of modern functional psychology”, “Critical review of the basic teachings and methods of the Würzburg School”, “Research on philosophy and psychology of thinking”). The evolution of psychological views of the thinker is described – from the enthusiasm of his student years for experimental and functional psychology to the construction of psychology based on the “genetic method”, and then, in the late 1920s, to the Platonic-patristic psychology outlined in the “Supplement to the Dialectics of Myth”. Proceeding from the new European psychology, including F. Brentano and E. Husserl guided by Thomas Aquinas (and through him by Aristotle), Losev builds his “absolute mythology”, based on the opposite tradition going back to neoplatonism, Dionysius the Areopagite and Nicholas of Cusa. The article shows how in the 1920s Losev developed a new, sociological, vision, the belief that every being (physical, physiological, psychological and naturalistically-causally-sociological, etc.) “is, in comparison with social existence, a pure abstraction”, and this does not lead to the rejection of “materialistic idealism” and “absolute mythology”. This sociological stand promotes the description of “relative mythologies” (collective psychology, social “myths”). In the 1930s—1940s, knowledge gained in the walls of the Institute of Psychology as well as Losev’s habit of self-observation and reflection about his own experiences contributed to the writing of psychological musical-philosophical prose, where Losev conceptualizes problems also addressed in his “octateuch” of the late 1920s.

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Xu, Mengran, Pablo Briñol, Jeremy D. Gretton, Zakary L. Tormala, Derek D. Rucker, and Richard E. Petty. "Individual Differences in Attitude Consistency Over Time: The Personal Attitude Stability Scale." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 10 (March 7, 2020): 1507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167220908995.

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This research finds evidence for reliable individual differences in people’s perceived attitude stability that predict the actual stability of their attitudes over time. Study 1 examines the reliability and factor structure of an 11-item Personal Attitude Stability Scale (PASS). Study 2 establishes test–retest reliability for the PASS over a 5-week period. Studies 3a and 3b demonstrate the convergent and discriminant validity of the PASS in relation to relevant existing individual differences. Studies 4 and 5 show that the PASS predicts attitude stability following a delay period across several distinct topics. Across multiple attitude objects, for people with high (vs. low) scores on the PASS, Time 1 attitudes were more predictive of their Time 2 attitudes, indicative of greater attitudinal consistency over time. The final study also demonstrates that the PASS predicts attitude stability above and beyond other related scales.

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Liu, Min Lan. "The Social Psychology Research on the Motivation of the Public’s Pro-Environmental Behavior." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1569.

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in recent years, social psychology plays an increasingly important role in the solution to environmental problems. In order to motivate people’s pro-environmental behavior, this paper, from the perspective of social psychology, puts forward the following ideas: helping the public possess the cognition of the seriousness of environmental problems and the cognition of the attribution of responsibility for environmental protection can encourage them to develop the right cognition of environmental problems; improving the public’s efficacy expectations and outcome expectations can strengthen their desire and attitude to environmental protection; changing the evaluation of social norms and cultivating the public’s skills of environmental protection can motivate people’s pro-environmental behavior.

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Valliant, Paul M., Catherine J. Furac, and Daniel H. Antonowicz. "ATTITUDES TOWARD SEX OFFENDERS BY FEMALE UNDERGRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A PSYCHOLOGY PROGRAM." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1994.22.2.105.

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A survey of first and third year psychology students was undertaken to investigate whether longer enrolment in a university program would have an impact on attitude formation toward sexual offenders. All students were administered a battery of standardized tests to obtain a personality profile and their attitudes. Overall the third year students had a greater sense of well being, intellectual efficiency, self-control, psychological mindedness, were more repressed, and tolerant than first year students. Although third year students had different personality traits than first year students they held similar attitudes regarding sexual offenders. Both student groups believed that sexual offenders should receive incarceration of more than two years for their first offense but should receive parole and indefinite treatment following their release from jail.

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Payne, B. Keith, and Sonya Dal Cin. "Implicit Attitudes in Media Psychology." Media Psychology 18, no. 3 (May 15, 2015): 292–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2015.1011341.

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Tesser, Abraham, and Jinn Jopp Bau. "Social Psychology: Who We Are and What We Do." Personality and Social Psychology Review 6, no. 1 (February 2002): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0601_4.

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The author index of the Handbook of Social Psychology (Gilbert, Fiske & Lindzey, 1998) and of Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Processes (Higgins & Kruglanski, 1996) served as the basis for identifying and describing some of the people constructing social psychology in the 1990s. Over 10,000 names are mentioned, but relatively few are mentioned several times. The 106 contributors who were mentioned mostfrequently are identified and described. They are mostly men about 20 years beyond the PhD. The select set of institutions at which they work and from which they obtained their degrees are also identified. Similarities among contributors were calculated on the basis of the proximity of their mentions in the handbooks. An analysis of those similarities yielded eight “contributor factors”: social cognition, attitudes, motivated attribution, self, interpersonal influence, intergroup relations and stereo-types, culture and evolution, and interpersonal relationships.

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Osafo, Joseph, Heidi Hjelmeland, Charity S. Akotia, and Birthe Loa Knizek. "The meanings of suicidal behaviour to psychology students in Ghana: A qualitative approach." Transcultural Psychiatry 48, no. 5 (October 22, 2011): 643–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461511417319.

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The objective of this study was to examine psychology students' attitudes toward suicidal behaviour and the meanings they assign to the act. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 final year psychology students at a university in Ghana. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the students had a generalized negative attitude toward suicide. Religious beliefs and family harmony are cultural contexts influencing the interpretation of suicidal behaviour as breach of divine and communal moralities. The implications of these meanings of suicidal behaviour for suicide prevention in Ghana are discussed.

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Wood, Wendy. "Attitude Change: Persuasion and Social Influence." Annual Review of Psychology 51, no. 1 (February 2000): 539–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.539.

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Eagly, Alice H. "Uneven progress: Social psychology and the study of attitudes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63, no. 5 (1992): 693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.5.693.

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Brandt, Mark J., and Geoffrey A. Wetherell. "What Attitudes are Moral Attitudes? The Case of Attitude Heritability." Social Psychological and Personality Science 3, no. 2 (June 20, 2011): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550611412793.

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Variation in the extent an attitude is imbued with moral conviction is a strong predictor of a variety of consequential social judgments; however, the extant literature has not explained variation in moral conviction. The authors predict that some attitudes may be experienced as moral because they are heritable, promoting group survival and firmly rooting people in these attitudes. To test this hypothesis, the authors surveyed two community samples and a student sample (total N = 456) regarding the extent participants perceived 20 attitudes as moral attitudes, and compared these ratings to established estimates of attitude heritability. Across all three studies, attitudes with greater previously established heritability estimates were more likely to be experienced as moral, even when controlling for a variety of measures of attitude strength and the extent to which an attitude is associated with one’s religious beliefs.

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Pierce, W. David. "Which Coke is It? Social Influence in the Marketplace." Psychological Reports 60, no. 1 (February 1987): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.1.279.

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This study concerns the effects of media-based advertising on consumers' opinion. The experiment evaluates the recent advertising campaign for New Coke as an instance of communication and persuasion. The design separated the effects of the type of product (New Coke or Coke) from the description of the product (New Coke or Coke). There was a significant effect of product description that depended on the initial attitude of the consumer. Consumers who did not usually drink Coke had a low opinion of the standard-brand name (i.e., Coke) but were more favourable to the New Coke label. In contrast, consumers who regularly drank Coke were positive to colas with the standard-brand name but derrogated the product when it was called New Coke. The results suggest an attitude change for consumers with a neutral or negative attitude to Coke. Consumers with initial positive attitudes to Coke show a “boomerang effect.” Both outcomes are consistent with a cognitive-response approach to attitude change.

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Krosnick, Jon A. "Attitude Importance and Attitude Accessibility." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 15, no. 3 (September 1989): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167289153002.

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Klarin, Mira, Vesna Antičević, Goran Kardum, Ana Proroković, and Joško Sindik. "Communication and Social Skills in Education of Health Occupation Students." Suvremena psihologija 20, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2017-sp-201-03.

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The aim was to investigate whether social skills’ training (SST) influences attitudes towards communication skills learning and to validate the Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS) among students of health studies in the Republic of Croatia. SST (10 workshops) was implemented for this purpose. Seventy 1st year students in four Croatian university health studies were randomly selected to take part in the training and 169 students were part of the control group. CSAS was administered at the beginning and end of training to both groups. The results indicated good metric characteristics in relation to CSAS and its two-factor structure (positive attitude scale and negative attitude scale). Furthermore, we did not record significant changes in attitudes towards communication skills learning in both groups. However, pursuant to average results from the subscales attitudes towards communication skills learning, we noticed that negative attitudes tend to decrease and positive tend to increase. This indicates that 10 workshops might have been insufficient in order to change attitudes. Keywords: validation, communication and social skills, training

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Ratliff, Kate A., and Brian A. Nosek. "Negativity and Outgroup Biases in Attitude Formation and Transfer." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 12 (September 1, 2011): 1692–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211420168.

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In an initial experiment, the behavior of one person had a stronger influence on implicit evaluations of another person from the same group when (a) the attitude was negative rather than positive and (b) the people were outgroup members rather than ingroup members. Explicitly, participants resisted these attitude transfer effects. In a second experiment, negative information formed less negative explicit attitudes when the target was Black than when the target was White, and participants were more vigilant not to transfer that negative attitude to a new Black person. Implicit attitudes, however, transferred to both Black and White targets. Positive information formed stronger positive explicit attitudes when the target was Black than when the target was White, and that evaluation transferred to another Black person both implicitly and explicitly. Even when deliberately resisting outgroup negativity in attitude formation and transfer, people appear unable to avoid it implicitly.

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Wallace, Laura E., Kathleen M. Patton, Andrew Luttrell, Vanessa Sawicki, Leandre R. Fabrigar, Jacob Teeny, Tara K. MacDonald, Richard E. Petty, and Duane T. Wegener. "Perceived Knowledge Moderates the Relation Between Subjective Ambivalence and the “Impact” of Attitudes: An Attitude Strength Perspective." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 5 (September 19, 2019): 709–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219873492.

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Previous work has reliably demonstrated that when people experience more subjective ambivalence about an attitude object, their attitudes have less impact on strength-related outcomes such as attitude-related thinking, judging, or behaving. However, previous research has not considered whether the amount of perceived knowledge a person has about the topic might moderate these effects. Across eight studies on different topics using a variety of outcome measures, the current research demonstrates that perceived knowledge can moderate the relation between ambivalence and the impact of attitudes on related thinking, judging, and behaving. Although the typical Attitude × Ambivalence effect emerged when participants had relatively high perceived knowledge, this interaction did not emerge when participants were lower in perceived knowledge. This work provides a more nuanced view of the effects of subjective ambivalence on attitude impact and highlights the importance of understanding the combined impact of attitude strength antecedents.

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BAROVIČ, MIRAN, and UROŠ ROŠKER. "VOJSKA Z VIDIKA TEMELJNIH POJMOV SOCIALNE PSIHOLOGIJE." ZAUPANJE IN OBOROŽENE SILE/ TRUST AND ARMED FORCES, VOLUME 2013/ ISSUE 15/2 (June 30, 2013): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.15.2.4.

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Namen tega prispevka je predstaviti temeljne pojme socialne psihologije in z njimi na podlagi izkušenj, pridobljenih v Slovenski vojski, pogledati vojaško organizacijo. Vojska je organizacija, v kateri ima skupina večji pomen kot posameznik. Pogled na vojaško organizacijo prek temeljnih pojmov socialne psihologije se zdi logičen korak, ki lahko prinese uporabna nova spoznanja za obe področji, tako za socialno psihologijo kot za vojaški sistem. Povezava je izpeljana na podlagi izkušenj, prido- bljenih z delom v Slovenski vojski. V prvem delu so predstavljeni temeljni koncepti socialne kognicije: teorije pozor- nosti in kognitivnih shem, stereotipi, stališča in teorija pripisovanja. V drugem delu sledijo temeljni koncepti, vezani na skupino, kot so interakcija znotraj skupine s procesi posnemanja, sugestije, identifikacije in socialnega pritiska, ter koncept socialne moči. V zadnjem delu z uporabo teh pojmov orišemo vojaško organizacijo, natančneje Slovensko vojsko, in sicer njeno hierarhično ureditev, policentrično in asimetrično razporeditev moči ter prepletanje formalne in neformalne moči v njenem vsakodnev- nem delovanju. The aim of this article is to present basic concepts of social psychology and to take a closer look at a military organization based on the experiences gained within the Slovenian Armed Forces. In military organizations, the group is of greater importance than the individual. A closer look at a military organization through the prism of those basic social psycho- logy concepts seems like a logical step that can lead to useful new knowledge in, both, social psychology and the military system. The link between the two is derived on the basis of experience acquired through the employment in the Slovenian Armed Forces. The first part of the article focuses on basic concepts of social cognition, such as the theories of attention, cognitive schemas, stereotypes, attitudes and theories of attribution. In the second part of the article we focus on basic concepts related to groups, such as interaction with the processes of imitation, suggestion, identification, social pressure and the concepts of social power, In the last part we use these key concepts to illustrate a military organization, notably the Slovenian Armed Forces, its hierarchical structure, polycentric and asymmetric distribution of power and the intertwining of formal and informal power in its daily routine.

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Furnham, Adrian, Charlotte Thompson, and Bahman Baluch. "Measuring Psychological “Knowledge” by Means of Instructors' Test Manuals." European Psychologist 3, no. 3 (September 1998): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.3.3.185.

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American social psychology textbooks often provide instructors' manuals that include Multiple Choice Quizzes (MCQ's) used by researchers examining the extent to which “lay people” could predict the outcomes of psychological research and theories. This study examined the extent to which students could choose a correct answer from social psychology instructors' manuals without having attended a related course. Three different manuals were used to look at tests of 57, 46, and 36 items, chosen to avoid technical jargon, real names, and experimental details, as well as to cover the broad range of social psychology. Subjects in Study 1 (n = 98 life sciences students) and Study 3 (n = 100 new students) got over 50% of the answers correct (53% and 52%, respectively), while in Study 2 (n = 139 student applicants) they got 48% correct. Scores were unrelated to gender and age, and there was no clear relationship between knowledge and particular areas of social psychology (i.e., social influone, prosocial behavior, attitude change). In the first study, prior knowledge of psychology did not relate to total score, while in the second sample, students who attended lectures did score higher than those who did not. In the third study, subjects who reported reading books, or who had how on social psychology courses, did score marginally higher. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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Linne, Roman, Tina Glaser, Katrin Pum, and Gerd Bohner. "Lateral Attitude Change: Stalking the Elusive Displacement Effect." Social Cognition 38, no. 4 (August 2020): 324–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2020.38.4.324.

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Recent theorizing (Glaser et al., 2015, Personality and Social Psychology Review) distinguishes two types of lateral attitude change (LAC): generalization, where explicit attitude change toward a focal object transfers to lateral (= related) objects, and displacement, where only lateral (but not focal) attitudes change. Three experiments tested the hypothesis that generalization versus displacement effects depend on acceptance versus rejection of focal attitude change. Participants (total n = 471) read positive and negative ratings of different products that served as focal attitude objects. Subsequent attitude change toward focal products generalized to lateral products as a function of similarity (Experiments 1–3) and of induced preference for consistency (Experiment. 3). However, manipulations designed to induce rejection of focal change by telling participants not to trust the information presented were not successful: Instead of displacement, they produced attenuated generalization (Experiments 1–3). Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.

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Lai, Chien-Wen. "How financial attitudes and practices influence the impulsive buying behavior of college and university students." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 38, no. 3 (April 1, 2010): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.3.373.

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Impulsive buying behavior has been the subject of a large amount of empirical research, but little research exists that actually examines the significant predictors of impulsive buying behaviors in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of adolescents towards credit and money and the personal financial planning practices they follow, and to examine how these attitudes and practices influenced their impulsive buying behavior. Data were collected from 906 adolescent Taiwanese college and university students. A logistic regression model was used to identify which students were more likely and which were less likely to make impulsive purchases. The significant predictors were the following 8 variables: gender, age, having taken a course in personal finance, use of money as a reward, family of origin, affective credit attitude, cognitive credit attitude, behavioral credit attitude, and money attitude.

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Rosenbusch, Hannes, Anthony M. Evans, and Marcel Zeelenberg. "Interregional and intraregional variability of intergroup attitudes predict online hostility." European Journal of Personality 34, no. 5 (September 2020): 859–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2301.

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To what extent are intergroup attitudes associated with regional differences in online aggression and hostility? We test whether regional attitude biases towards minorities and their local variability (i.e. intraregional polarization) independently predict verbal hostility on social media. We measure online hostility using large US American samples from Twitter and measure regional attitudes using nationwide survey data from Project Implicit. Average regional biases against Black people, White people, and gay people are associated with regional differences in social media hostility, and this effect is confounded with regional racial and ideological opposition. In addition, intraregional variability in interracial attitudes is also positively associated with online hostility. In other words, there is greater online hostility in regions where residents disagree in their interracial attitudes. This effect is present both for the full resident sample and when restricting the sample to White attitude holders. We find that this relationship is also, in part, confounded with regional proportions of ideological and racial groups (attitudes are more heterogeneous in regions with greater ideological and racial diversity). We discuss potential mechanisms underlying these relationships, as well as the dangers of escalating conflict and hostility when individuals with diverging intergroup attitudes interact. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

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Dockery, Terry M., and Arthur G. Bedeian. "“ATTITUDES VERSUS ACTIONS“: LAPIERE'S (1934) CLASSIC STUDY REVISITED." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1989.17.1.9.

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LaPiere's (1934) seminal research into the attitude-behavior relationship has been commonly misinterpreted as pointing out a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior. In fact, the actual discrepancy uncovered was between true attitudes – the tendency to act in a certain way – and that which is measured by an attitude questionnaire. LaPiere's primary concern was to point out the danger of assuming that questionnaire-assessed “attitudes” lead to actual behavior in specific situations. The present paper theoretically and methodologically critiques LaPiere's classic study.

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Lee, Hung-Wen, and Ching-Hsiang Liu. "The relationship among achievement motivation, psychological contract and work attitudes." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, no. 3 (April 1, 2009): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.3.321.

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Recently the business environment has changed greatly. Banks must increase operational efficiency and service quality to build competitive advantages. The priority for upgrading service quality is to improve employees' work attitude. Staff of banks were selected as subjects to explore the influences of achievement motivation, psychological contracts, and work attitudes. Results were: 1) Achievement motivation significantly influences psychological contract. 2) Psychological contract significantly influences work attitude. 3) Achievement motivation significantly influences work attitude. 4) Achievement motivation significantly influences work attitude through psychological contracts. It is recommended that when managers select staff, they should consider individuals with more achievement motivation, and who are willing to fulfill psychological contracts since they have a better work attitude.

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Ashworth, P. D. "Phenomenologically-Based Empirical Studies of Social Attitude." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 16, no. 1 (1985): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916285x00043.

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Zhu, Xiaodong, Chunling Yu, and Saiquan Hu. "Love for One's Country or Oneself: A Brand-choice Framework in Emerging Markets." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.2.325.

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We utilized 185 Chinese survey responses to evaluate the effects of national brand consciousness (NBC) and self–brand connection (SBC) on Chinese consumer preferences. We used linear models, and our analyses established two key effects. First, NBC was positively related to Chinese consumers' attitudes toward national brands and negatively related to foreign brands. Second, SBC exerted a positive influence on Chinese consumers' attitudes toward both national and foreign brands. Whereas quality judgments moderated their attitude toward national brands, psychological distance between consumer and brand moderated their attitude toward foreign brands. The relationship between brand attitude and purchase intention was also positive. Finally, we have suggested branding strategies for both Chinese and foreign firms operating in the Chinese market.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Attitude (Psychology) Social psychology. Psychology, Social'

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