Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Attitude toward organ donation'

This thesis explores the opinions and attitudes of health care (pre-registered nurses, post-registered nurses and medical students) and non-health related students (computing students) to determine the factors that influence their support of the organ donation and transplantation system and the factors that influence their willingness to register consent as an eye (cornea) donor. The research study was conducted in two separate but related stages. The use of a quantitative questionnaire was employed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of pre-registered nurses towards organ donation and to determine whether any regional variation exists (n = 667); to determine whether the opinions and attitudes of pre- registered nurses (n = 667) differ among post-registered nurses (n= 62), medical students (n = 55) and computing students (n = 102); and to determine whether the opinions and attitudes of pre-registered nurses change with further education on organ donation (n = 100). Generally speaking, the findings demonstrate that opinions and attitudes differ depending upon the region sampled, the student's background and their level of exposure to further education. The second stage comprised of a qualitative questionnaire that identified commonly held beliefs about the advantages and disadvantages, those people who would approve and disapprove, and motivating factors and barriers that relate to registering consent as an eye (cornea) donor among pre-registered nurses based in Northern Ireland (n = 38). A theory of planned behaviour framework guided the investigation into the identification of factors that influence registering consent to donate eyes (cornea) among pre-registered nurses based in Northern Ireland (n = 92). The results provide support for the theory of planned behaviour and demonstrate that attitude was the strongest predictor of intention to register consent, with the predictive ability of subjective norm and perceived behavioural control varying depending upon the TPB model used. The research study presents six findings overall and demonstrates the complex issues that exist with regard to the reasons for registering as an organ-tissue donor and the reasons why people are only willing to donate specific body parts and not others. These findings will help in the development of effective future interventions that are designed to change and guide performance of the behaviour and ultimately increase participation in organ donation by encouraging competent decision making.

Background: Organ transplantation is getting more important and the demand increased exponentially in the past decade. However, due to the shortage of organ supply, some people died while waiting for an organ and the other may rely on all forms of organ support to live. Hong Kong has the lowest organ donation rate among the developed world despite large-scale organ donation enhancement activities implemented for decade. Since consent from family members is mandatory, it is important to understand the reasons relatives given for consenting or refusing to donation. Objectives: (1) To investigate the change of attitudes towards organ donation in Hong Kong during 2004 to 2012. (2) To understand the difficulties of transplant coordinators encountered during counseling Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey looking at the recent change of reasons of the families of the potential donors to make decision about donation. Transplant coordinators of all 7 clusters completed questionnaires after counseling each potential donor referred during the 7 months study period. Demographic data and reasons of refusal or consent of donation were recorded and analyzed and compared with previous results. Difficulties of transplant coordinators encountered during counseling were recorded. Results: Totally 52 questionnaires were completed within 7 months. The conversion rate were similar when compared to that in 2004 (44.3% in 2004 vs 40% in 2012). The proportion of older potential donor in the refusal group is higher than that of consent group (> 60 years old 51.6% vs 38%,). The demographic data was neither statistical significantly different between consent and refusal group nor correlated with refusal of donation. From 2004 to this survey, the most common reason to refusal remained to be the traditional belief of buried intact. Both were 33%. The “expressed wish of the deceased to object donation while alive” increased from 13% in 2004 to 20% in 2012 (p=0.378), and “no consensus from family” dropped from 26% in 2004 to 11% in 2012 (p=0.083). The reason “no expression of any wish” remained static when compared to that in 2004 (15% vs 16%, p=0.982). The reason for consenting to donation changed a lot. Although the most common reason remained the “wish to help others” (94% vs 41%, p<0.0001), the second and third reason changed to “feeling good by being charitable” (21% vs 0%, p=0.0071) and “not to waste useful organs” (18% vs 3%, p=0.0455) while the fourth reason was “respect deceased’s choice”(14% vs 0%, p=0.0278). The reasons of refusal and consenting donation are explained in the context of the decision-making process. The main obstacles the transplant coordinators have encountered were knowledge gap, emotion, time pressure and family or social disharmony. Conclusion: The major reasons for consenting and refusing donation did not only change in position but also change in proportion in last decade. The importance of some reasons increased significantly and strategies to improve conversion rate should be adjusted according to the changing reasons. Education to change the traditional belief, encourage expression of donation wish, create position image of donation and the benefit of transplant are all important.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

Excerpt: The recent study by Floden, Lennerling, Fridh, Rizell and Forsberg [1] concluded that using the Attitude Towards Organ Donor Advocacy Scale (ATODAS) is ready for use in future research studies because it has good psychometric properties for measuring ICU nurses’ attitudes towards advocacy on behalf of potential and actual organ donors. However, that conclusion is not supported by the data in the study because of lack of evidence of measurement validity

Background: In general, the shortage of organs and tissues for donation reflects not only the rise in the number of patients in need of transplants, but also the failure to acquire sufficient donors. A variety of factors is responsible for this shortage, including poor public awareness and insufficient knowledge, religious perceptions of potential donors and families, and the failure of healthcare staff to identify potential donors. Because of their close relationships with potential donors and families, nurses are vitally important in the donation process. The hospital nursing population in Israel is composed of people from a mixture of religious groups, creating a complex environment which may influence the nurse's behaviour. There is thus a clear need to examine what factors affect the professional behaviour of nurses in the organ donation process. Aims: The overall aim of this research was develop a sensitive psychometric scale to identify key points in nurses' perceptions of professional duty toward organ donation in the context of religion. Methods: The research was divided into four stages using a number of methods. First, a qualitative study with seven homogenous focus groups of hospital nurses grouped by religion was done. The findings were used for the second stage, whose aim was to develop a sensitive psychometric scale of the coverage, relevance and readability of the initial items and a pilot study examining each item. Next, a large-scale field test was conducted and the data were then analysed using principal component analysis. In the third stage, reliability and validity of the newly developed Care & Donate scale were evaluated. Finally, in stage four, the relationship between the Care & Donate scale and key questions in each category was demonstrated. Results: The first stage found thirteen central themes, reduced into four categories, reflecting the nurses' perceptions towards organ donation. The next stage produced an initial conceptual framework for developing a psychometric scale. In the field test stage, a principal component analysis produced a robust conceptual framework composed of 23 items in three subscales. Conclusion: This research is the first to develop a reliable, valid, sensitive measure of nurses’ attitudes towards organ donation in north of Israel: the Care & Donate scale. The scale should provide the basis for an intervention program for nurses and help evaluate the effectiveness of such programs. Analysis of the Care & Donate scale also provided evidence that the scale is related to scales developed outside of Israel, possibly leading to its use in other countries.

South Africa has a low organ donation and transplantation rate despite the availability of medical professionals with the expertise to perform such transplants. This can be attributed to various factors, such as knowledge and attitudes towards organ donation and transplantation. Despite the efforts of the Organ Donor Foundation in South Africa by conducting awareness and education campaigns organ donation rates remains low. There is a wide discrepancy in the rate of organ donation among the different ethnic groups in the country, perhaps due to a lack of knowledge or for cultural or religious reasons. Nurses, as health-care providers, have an important role to play in enabling patients and families to deal with the topic of organ donation. This cross-sectional study investigated the knowledge and attitudes of 268 pre-registration nursing students towards organ donation, at a nursing college in Mthatha, using an anonymous, self- administered questionnaire for data collection. A stratified convenient sampling method was used. The data was captured and analysed using the SPSS statistical package, Version 21; thereafter, descriptive and cross-tabulation analyses were performed on the data. Results: The majority of respondents (62.8%) were aware of organ donation with a small number (1.6%) registered as organ donors. Ethnicity and religion did not influence an individual's decision to donate his/her organs, which suggested that the decision was a personal one. There was no association between age group and willingness to donate a kidney to a relative, although younger respondents were willing to donate kidneys as living donors. There was also no clear relationship between gender and willingness to donate an organ (p-values of 0.03). Knowledge about organ donation was seen as a strong predictor of the attitudes towards organ donation. The majority of respondents were willing to donate organs for transplantation to save the lives of others. It is highly recommended from the results of the study that awareness campaigns to promote organ donation using various strategies and emphasising altruistic motives can increase the organs for donation.

The impact of deceased tissue donation and transplantation is far-reaching; however, little is known about the public’s attitudes towards tissue donation. Siminoff, Traino, and Gordon (2010) found that families’ attitudes towards tissue donation were a significant predictor of consent; specifically, families that were initially favorable towards tissue donation were more likely to donate their loved ones tissues than families that were initially unfavorable towards tissue donation. Using a qualitative coding approach and the Tripartite Model of Attitude Structure (affective, behavioral, and cognitive attitude components) as a conceptual framework, families’ expressed attitudes toward tissue donation were extracted from N=240 audiorecordings of past tissue donation requests from 16 different OPOs. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with N=14 Tissue Requesters from LifeNet Health in Virginia Beach, Virginia about their perceptions of families’ attitudes. Together, 14 attitude domains and 34 subdomains were derived from the families’ expressed attitudes. Several multivariate analyses were performed. After controlling for time spent discussing tissue donation and confusion between tissues and organs, affective attitudes were significantly different among three FDM initial response groups (favorable, unsure, and unfavorable). Further, the attitude domains “donation invokes positive emotion” and “pro-donation behaviors” were the best discriminators of FDM groups. Suggestions for educational interventions were discussed.

Bakgrund: Organtransplantation är en livräddande behandling vid terminal organsvikt men det råder en global brist på potentiella organdonatorer. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att öka medvetenheten om organdonation i samhället och hennes attityd till och kunskap om organdonation kan påverka människors beslut att donera. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans attityd till organdonation. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie där 15 vetenskapliga artiklar från tre olika databaser granskades och analyserades. Resultat:Analysen resulterade i fem kategorier: Kunskapens påverkan, Arbetslivserfarenhetens påverkan, Familjen och den egna donationsviljans inflytande, Religionens inflytande och Misstro mot hälso- och sjukvården och lagstiftningen. Konklusion: Kunskap om kriterier för att fastställa död, organdonation, donationsprocessen och kommunikationsmetoder hjälpte sjuksköterskorna att förmedla adekvat information. Att vårda potentiella organdonatorer skapade en emotionell stress och att lyfta frågan om donation med donatorns familj var påfrestande. Att ha diskuterat organdonation inom den egna familjen var gynnsamt för attityden. Sjuksköterskans egen tolkning av sin religions inställning till organdonation påverkade attityden. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde rädsla för att gå miste om återupplivningsåtgärder eller att dödförklaras för tidigt som registrerade organdonatorer.
Background: Organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment but there is a global shortage of potential organ donors. The nurse has an important role in increasing awareness of organ donation. Her attitude toward and knowledge about organ donation might influence people’s decision to donate. Aim: The aim was to investigate factors that influence the nurse’s attitude toward organ donation. Method: This study was carried out as a general literature study. Fifteen scientific articles from three different data bases were reviewed and analyzed. Result: The analyze resulted in five categories: The impact of knowledge, The impact of work experience, The impact of family and own willingness to donate, The influence of religion and Distrust in the health care system and legislation. Conclusion: Knowledge about death criteria, organ donation and communication skills helped the nurse’s to convey information. Caring for potential organ donors generated an emotional stress and raising the question about donation with donor families was stressful. Having discussed organ donation within the own family was favorable for the attitude. The nurse’s own interpretation of her religion’s attitude toward organ donation influenced the attitude. The nurses experienced fear of not receiving proper resuscitation of being declared dead prematurely as registered organ donors.

Justificació: La Limitació del Tractament de Suport Vital (LTSV) és una pràctica freqüent a les unitats de crítics, mentre que la donació en asistòlia controlada (DAC) s’ha incorporat com opció dintre de les cures al final de la vida. La falta de coneixement i les interpretacions errònies poden actuar com barrera entre el personal sanitari. Objectiu: Determinar els coneixements i actituds de medicina i infermeria de les unitats de crítics abans i després d’un programa formatiu multidisciplinari sobre la LTSV y DAC. Metodologia: Es va portar a terme un estudi transversal mitjançant un anàlisis bivariant utilitzant taules de contingència, test de Chi quadrat de Pearson, test T de Student y test U de Mann-Whitney. Igualment es va realitzar un anàlisis multivariant quan es trobava significació estadística al anàlisis bivariat. Resultats: Van realitzar el curs 143 participants, 133 van omplir el qüestionari inicial, i 72 el final. Un 44,3% dels participants van afirmar sentir-se còmodes a la hora d’ aplicar la LTSV, sent el personal mèdic el més còmode (55,7%) que el de infermeria (32,3%). El 88,9% del personal d’ infermeria creu que la LTSV ha de ser una decisió conjunta, augmentant al 100% desprès de la formació. Abans de la formació menys del 20% del personal d’ infermeria sabien descriure que era un DAC i la seva regulació, respecte a mes d’ un 60% del personal mèdic, diferències que desapareixen després de la formació. Infermeria se sent exclosa en el desenvolupament de protocols i la presa de decisions, mentre que la percepció de medicina és que tenen major coneixement i que les decisions s’assoleixen per consens. La formació ajuda a que els professionals treballin amb major coordinació, beneficiant als pacients i les seves famílies oferint unes cures al final de la vida de qualitat.
Justificación: La Limitación del Tratamiento de Soporte Vital (LTSV) es una práctica frecuente en las unidades de críticos, mientras que la donación en asistolia controlada (DAC) se ha incorporado como opción dentro de los cuidados al final de la vida. La falta de conocimientos y los malos entendidos pueden actuar como barrera entre los distintos profesionales sanitarios. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos y actitudes de medicina y enfermería de las unidades de críticos antes y después de un programa formativo multidisciplinar sobre la LTSV y DAC. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal mediante un análisis bivariante utilizando tablas de contingencia, test de Chi cuadrado de Pearson, test T de Student y test U de Mann-Whitney. Igualmente se realizó análisis multivariante cuando se encontraron significación estadística en el análisis bivariado. Resultados: Realizaron el curso 143 participantes, 133 cumplimentaron el cuestionario inicial, y 72 el final. Un 44,3% de los participantes afirmaron sentirse cómodos a la hora de aplicar la LTSV, sintiéndose mucho más cómodos el personal médico (55,7%) que el de enfermería (32,3%). El 88,9% del personal de enfermería cree que la LTSV debe ser una decisión conjunta, aumentando al 100% tras la formación. Antes de la formación menos del 20% del personal de enfermería sabían describir que era un DAC y su regulación, frente a más de un 60% del personal médico, diferencias que desaparecen tras la formación. Enfermería se siente excluida en el desarrollo de protocolos y en la toma de decisiones, mientras que la percepción de medicina es que tienen mayor conocimiento y que las decisiones se alcanzan por consenso. La formación ayuda a que los profesionales trabajen con mayor coordinación, beneficiando a los pacientes y a sus familias ofreciendo unos cuidados al final de la vida de calidad.
Background: Limitation of life-sustaining treatment (LLST) is a common practice in critical care units, and donation after circulatory death (DCD) has come to be included as an option within this care plan. Lack of knowledge and misunderstandings can act as a barrier between healthcare providers. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge and attitude of nurses and doctors in intensive care units before and after a multi-disciplinary training program in LLST and DCD. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out, after which contingency tables, Pearson’s chi-squared test, Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney u-test were used to perform descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses and multivariant analysis when the bivariate analysis produced a statistical significant level. Results: A total of 143 participants completed the course, of whom 133 completed the pre-training survey and 72 the post-training questionnaire (54.1%). 44.3% of the participants felt comfortable when deciding whether to implement LLST, although physicians did so in greater number (55.7%) than nurses (32.3 %). 88.9% of nurses agreed that LLST decisions should be made jointly, a figure that reached 100% after the training. At the beginning, only 20% of nurses were able to describe the DCD process and they were less familiar with the legislation regulating DCD in comparison to the 60% recorded by physicians, a difference that disappeared after the training. Nurses feel excluded from the development of protocols and the decision-making process, whilst the perception of physicians is that they have greater knowledge of the topic and decisions are reached by consensus. Training helps healthcare providers to work together with greater coordination, benefitting patients and their next of kin by providing excellent end-of-life care.

A história dos transplantes vem rompendo barreiras e enfrentando desafios embora de forma incipiente, por diversas décadas, conquistando impressionantes resultados, demonstrando a evolução científica e tecnológica aplicada ao setor. Assim, observa-se que, ao longo dos tempos, o número de doações tem aumentado. Porém, não o suficiente para reduzir a lista de espera, cabendo então a reflexão acerca das causas que dificultam esse processo. Diversos são os motivos pelos quais afetam a doação de órgãos, ressaltando-se a recusa dos familiares e a não notificação de possíveis doadores. Assim, vale ressaltar a importância do preparo profissional no que diz respeito à abordagem familiar, momento decisivo para que se possa dar continuidade ao processo de captação de órgãos. Diante do exposto, o estudo tem por objetivo explorar, recolher, organizar, sintetizar e compartilhar visão dos familiares em relação a atuação dos profissionais no processo de doação de órgãos. A metodologia retrata uma revisão sistemática da literatura brasileira sobre o tema central baseando na busca de artigos que demonstrassem resultados de pesquisas realizados no País, entre 2001 e 2011, no portal PubMed e nas bases de dados SCOPUS, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, LILACS, BDENF. Tal busca guiou-se pela pergunta: Qual a visão dos familiares, que passaram pela abordagem para doação de órgãos, referente à atuação dos profissionais que atuam neste processo? Como resultados dos 265 trabalhos encontrados, foram considerados pertinentes, à temática em apreço, 06 artigos, os quais foram submetidos à leitura criteriosa da metodologia utilizada, dos sujeitos investigados, dos resultados obtidos e das conclusões. As sínteses foram construídas a partir da análise temática dos resultados. Surgiram 03 categorias. Sendo elas: 1) Falta de confiança na atuação profissional; 2) Atuação profissional sem compreensão e acolhimento no momento familiar; 3) Falta de informação pelo profissional. Desta última, emergiram duas subcategorias: 1) Falta de informação pelo profissional à família referente à possível Morte Encefálica; 2) Falta de informação pelo profissional à família referente aos trâmites pós-doação. Consideramos, portanto, que a complexidade de ações que são necessárias no processo de doação de órgãos, foi revelada como burocrático, demorado, desgastante e cansativo, resultando em sofrimento e submetendo tanto a família quanto os profissionais a situações estressantes. Disto depreendemos haver necessidade de maiores investimentos na formação dos profissionais que atuam neste processo, melhorando seu suporte emocional e sua atuação, a qual é considerada incipiente pelos familiares.
Transplants\' history are breaking barriers and facing challenges for several decades achieving impressive results. It demonstrates scientific and technological developments applied to this sector. Although an increasing on organs donations have been noted, it is not enough to reduce waiting list. Therefore there is a need for reflection on the causes, which makes this process. There are several reasons that affect organ donation, and shall be emphasized: relatives\' refusal and failure in notifying potential donors. It is also worth highlighting the importance of professional competence in respect of family approach, a decisive moment that gives continuity to the process of organ retrieval. In this light, the study aims to explore, collect, organize, synthesize and share the opinion of relatives about the role of professionals during process of organ donation (POD). As methodology a systematic review of Brazilian literature was conducted between 2001 and 2011. Data was collected from (i) PubMed, (ii) SCOPUS, (iii) CINAHL, (iv) EMBASE, (v) Web of Science, (vi) Science Direct, (vii) LILACS, and (viii) BDENF. Such data collection was performed based on one question: What is the opinion of relatives, who went through organ donation approach, referring to professionals\' actions working in this process? Six out of 265 papers were considered relevant, and then a careful reading executed to assess methodology, subjects investigated, results and conclusions. Analyses have enable to define three categories: (a) lack of confidence in the professional, (b) professional attitude without understanding of relatives emotional state, (c) professional apathy in provide information to family. The last category was subdivided in (i) lack of info about a possible brain death, and (ii) subsequent procedures about POD. These study revealed a complexity in POD particularly on bureaucracy, delay, family\'s fatigue and wear. Thus, we may conclude to be necessary investing efforts on professional training involved in the POD to protect family\'s psychological state.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2006.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Mar. 03, 2007) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Feeley, Thomas H. Includes bibliographical references.

碩士
南華大學
生死學研究所
99
The purpose of this study is to understand and compare the knowledge, attitude and willingness towards organ donation behaviors of health care and non-health care university students, and furthermore, to find the correlations among knowledge, attitudes and willingness. 　 　　The population in this study included the undergraduates of 149 universities in Taiwan, excluded night schools, summer schools and junior colleges. Subjects were divided into health care with a total number of 751,508 people and non-health care with a total number of 19,640 people. In this study, we revised scale of organ donation by See (1998). Probability proportional sampling was used. A total of 600 students (300 health care and 300 non-health care) answered a questionnaire. A total of twelve universities to be investigated, six for health care and six for non-health care. In conclusion, survey response rate of 542, effective questionnaire was 90.3%. Then, gained information will be analyzed (including descriptive statistics, t test, one-way ANOVA, χ2-Test, Pearson correlation) by SPSS 12.0 statistical software, and the following results were obtained: 1. Both health care and non-health care undergraduates almost have heard of organ transplantation or donation. 2. The health care and non-health care undergraduates’ knowledge level of organ donation behaviors was above medium level. 3. The health care and non-health care undergraduates’ attitude toward organ donation was positive. 4. The health care undergraduates have signed organ donation consent card slightly higher than the non- health care undergraduates. 5. Most health care and non-health care undergraduates have not discussed views or decisions of organ donation with their family’s members. 6. Most health care and non-health care undergraduates are in favor of the family to sign their own organ donation consent card. 7. Most health care and non-health care undergraduates are willing to sign family member''s agreement of organ donation. 8. The health care and non-health care undergraduates are willing to donate most of their organs with the bone and the skin of organ the least. 9. Most health care and non-health care undergraduates are willing to donate their own organs to their family, friends or people who they do not know. 10. When the health care and non-health care undergraduates sign the organ donation consent card, to consider their own opinion for most important, the next are family member''s opinion. 11. The health insurance card may indicate willingness for organ donation of the backgrounds showed significant difference, regarding the knowledge of organ donation behaviors of non-health care undergraduates. 12. The backgrounds, including gender, year and religion showed significant differences, regarding the attitude of organ donation of health care undergraduates. 13. The habit of blood donation of the backgrounds showed significant difference, regarding the attitude of organ donation of non-health care undergraduates. 14. The habit of blood donation of the backgrounds showed significant difference, regarding the willingness of organ donation of health care undergraduates; the year of the backgrounds showed significant difference, regarding the willingness of organ donation of non-health care undergraduates. 15. The year of the backgrounds showed significant difference, regarding the willingness of discuss opinion of organ donation with family of health care undergraduates; the backgrounds, including year, gender and the habit of blood donation showed significant differences, regarding the willingness of discuss opinion of organ donation with family of non-health care undergraduates. 16. The habit of blood donation of the backgrounds showed significant difference, regarding the attitude of family’s member sign their own organ donation consent card of non-health care undergraduates. 17. The health care undergraduates were more likely to have knowledge about organ donation behaviors compared with the non- health care undergraduates. 18. The health care undergraduates would like to discuss opinion or decision of organ donation with family’s member than the non-health care undergraduates. 19. The health care undergraduates approved that family’s members sign their own organ donation consent card than the non- health care undergraduates. 20. A significant positive correlation was found between attitude and willingness of organ donation in health care and non-health care undergraduates.

碩士
世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
99
Though being promoted for more than 20 years in Taiwan, organ donation has been not embraced by a majority of people. It is an innovative behavior with rare study concerning this issue. This paper discussed the acceptance of organ donation and relevant factors by targeting internet audience as target, communicating behavior relevance and its influence. Then an interview is given to experts in relevant fields, relatives of the donor as well as the donee. As found in research results, there is a significant relevance among the willingness of organ donation and knowledge, frequency of using media and time, frequency of touching organ donation message, family relationship, altruistic behavior of donation, the attributes of activeness and activity for innovation, the attitude of benefiting the promotion of organ donation, the positive attitude of accepting organ donation, the attitude of confirming the efficiency of organ donation, the degree by influence of persuasion. The degree by influence of persuasion is the most important factor in the prediction of the willingness of organ donation. It is found most of audience “have thought of but not decided yet” toward organ donation（49.4%）. If the respondent is willing to donate organ, more than 50% respondents will be desired to donate their whole body（51.3%）. It is also found in survey results that if the respondent is willing to donate organ and select the donated subject at its will, more than 60% ones still want to donate their organs to everyone who need this（61.7%）; before sighing the organ donation card, more than 60% ones present they will consider the opinions of their family（66.8%）. Qualitative research finds the communication is of great importance. Except extending others’ lifetime, organ donation also increase the quality of the donee and saves the expenditure of health and insurance, more importantly, the meaning of respecting life is understood. At present, the organ donation is still irreplaceable due to its importance. In recent years, though the public increases their acceptance of organ donation, they still show doubts about the efficiency of organ donation in personal conflicting emotion that is often encountered by organ donation. Differing from the general innovation matter, organ donation is related to death. The public may make cautious decisions about it when this innovation matter can’t be treated as trial run. Meanwhile, the issue of organ donation increases the death significance. When feeling threatened by death, people are nervous (cognitive dissonance) and more persistent to protect their culture and value concepts already conceived by themselves. It validated the persuasion effect of interpersonal communication, from which the influence of the cognition attitudes of innovation on the acceptance of innovation is also deducted. The conflicting attitude and behavior of people could be interpreted from Terror Management Theory and Cognitive Dissonance Theory.

碩士
美和科技大學
健康照護研究所
100
The purpose of this study was to explore " Knowledge and Attitude regarding Brain Death Organ Donation among Nurses in Intensive Care Units".Research period from June 1, 2011 to June 26. The study method is purposive sample and using quantification questionnaire survey procedure in the research , The contents of the questionnaire included participants' demographic characteristics, the study of basic information related to caring for organ donors experience, donor care knowledge in brain death patient (25 items), attitude toward organ donation variables (20 items). The participants were intensive care unit nurses of Medical Center in the south Taiwan. The research sent out 210 questionnaires and returned 195 and the response rate was 92.86%, 195 valid questionnaires were received.The results were analyzed with SPSS 12.0. The data was analyzed by prescriptive statistics, correlation analysis and Multiple regression. Questionnaire survey found that: intensive care nurses' knowledge of brain death patient care: the average score 17.77, organ donation attitude of nurses, the average score 3.35. Different work units, with different religious beliefs and experience brain death-related medical care, for brain-dead care both by the different level of knowledge, the more rich with relevant experience care, care for brain-dead knowledge as possible. Organ level of care knowledge and attitude of the relationship between organ donation, no difference between the attitude of the factors affecting organ donation multiple regression analysis, the total explained variance was 9.7%. Our results provide health care professionals to understand of brain-death organ donation may face the problem and its related factors in the clinical care, and develop appropriate care measures, and enhance the quality of care, can also provide back-related information and more researchers into the further validation.

碩士
南華大學
生死學系碩士班
104
The purpose of the study was to explore organ donation and death attitude of the elementary school teachers in Tainan City. 　　Questionnaire survey was used in the study.523 valid questionnaires were obtained.Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA,Chi-square test and Pearson Product-moment correlation. The conclusions of the study were as follows. 1.Demographic variations in the knowledge of organ donation behaviors were evident among teachers. 2.Demographic variations in the attitude of organ donation were evident among teachers. 3.Demographic variations in the willingness of organ donation were evident among teachers. 4.Demographic variations in the death attitude were evident among teachers. 5.A significant correlation is found between the knowledge of organ donation behaviors and the attitude of organ donation, also between the attitude and the willingness of organ donation. 6.A significant correlation is found between the willingness of organ donation and death attitude. 　　Finally, according to the findings of the study, the suggestions were made for Organ Donation Association of the Republic of China, the education administrative bureaus and future studies.

碩士
中國醫藥大學
環境醫學研究所
96
Objective: Our objective did justice to the attitude and the willingness of hospital personnel which basic characteristic and experience is influence on organ donation and transplantation. To analyze the attitude and the willingness of hospital personnel on organ donation and transplantation in different level hospital. Materials and Methods: A saturated sampling was among workers in hospital services. An evaluation was made of attitudes and willingness toward donation using a self arrange for structural questionnaire. The researcher sent 2,874 questionnaires out, and 2,497 questionnaires were responded, the returned rate is 81.15%. Results: There was a significant difference between those attitude and the willingness of workers on organ donation and transplantation who will be of use and the following factors: order age; education level; religious belief; job category; a worker in emergency services; period of service; higher level of hospital; had donated blood behavior; know donor card; had donor card; family had be a donor or recipient; and a worker attended relationship on organ donation and transplantation services. Additionally, attitude of organ donation and transplantation, fill out donor card, family had be a donor or recipient and job category are important forecast factors which influence willingness on organ donation. Conclusions: A training course about organ donation and transplantation might be useful given that workers would be prepared to take part and with respect to the conception. It’s main use would be to reinforce the positive attitude of hospital personnel and increase their knowledge about the subject and their willingness. What is more, if these workers received adequate training they would serve to promote donation both directly and indirectly to the general public and other hospital personnel.

The views of medical doctors regarding organ donation and transplantation in the Durban Metropolitan Region were examined in an exploratory and explanatory study, which included a descriptive, convenience sampled study of 43 graduate and postgraduate professionals, practicing in the private and provincial sectors. Characteristics were obtained from a 1 D6-item questionnaire that were later divided into component contributions according to Fazio's attitude to behavior process model (Fazio, 1989; Fazio & RoskosEewoldson, 1994). Variables which were analysed included personal demographics, personal views, knowledge and skills, practice-related issues, attitudes and perceptions as well as future recommendations. Analysis of the information revealed that most medical doctors approved of organ donation practices and viewed transplantation as a significant roleplayer in both the community and medical sectors. However, a knowledge and skills deficit combined with religious presumptions and general uncertainty regarding issues surrounding the practical, legal and emotional concepts of brain death may be responsible for the relatively low personal dedication and practice participation rate among the sample. Medical doctors from the provincial sector appeared to have considerable concerns which included: time constraints; a perceived lack of support from colleagues, nurses and hospital administrators; a lack of medico-Iegal awareness relating to organ donation and brain death and a scarcity of experience and insight into the transplant process. In order to address the paucity of awareness pertaining to brain death and organ donation activities, the findings indicate that formal and interactive education programs during the undergraduate, postgraduate and medical development phases are required in which issues surrounding death and dying can be explored by a multidisciplinary team. It appears that this team must comprise of doctors, lawyers, religious leaders, psychologists, administrators, nurses, donor families and transplant co-ordinators. This development may serve to emphasize the professional importance of holistic bereavement counseling, improve doctor and patient satisfaction, increase organ donation referrals and transplantation rates as well as diminish medico-Iegal concerns.
Thesis (M.Cur.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

碩士
高雄醫學大學
護理學研究所
99
This study aimed to explore the effects of an educational program on ICU nurses’ attitude and behavior intention on advocating deceased donor organ donation. This is a prospective randomized study with evaluation taken before and after implementation of intervention. The samples were ICU nurses recruited from a southern Taiwan medical centre. One hundred and thirty five nurses from 6 ICUs participated in this study. Using ICU as the randomization unit, 3 ICUs were assigned to the experimental group (73 nurses) while the other 3 ICUs to the control group (62 nurses). The nurses were required to completely 2 evaluation forms; “attitude on advocating organ donation” and “behavior intention on advocating organ donation”, before and after intervention. Both control and experimental group nurses received the “Organ Donation Handbook”. In addition, the experimental group nurses attended an education program on organ donation as intervention. The post-intervention evaluations were performed at one week and two months thereafter. The data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 14.0. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, paired t-test, independent t-test, two-factor repeated measures analysis were performed. The results showed statistically significant difference (p&lt;.05) in the pre- and post-intervention evaluation of experimental group for both “attitude on advocating organ donation” and “behavior intention on advocating organ donation”. When comparing the difference between the pre- and post-intervention with the control group, statistically significant difference was seen in “attitude on advocating organ donation” (p&lt;.05). However, for “behavior intention on advocating organ donation”, the inter-group difference was not statistically significant (p>.05). This result showed that the institution of educational program on the experimental group had improved the attitude of nurses on advocating organ donation. However, no similar effect could be seen in their behavior intention. The author not only suggest that educational program should be included in the nursing in-service training but also proposed that future researchers extend the "theory of planned behavior" as the foundation of the intervention program on empirical research.

碩士
中國醫藥大學
醫務管理學研究所碩士班
97
Objective: The concept of organ donation still unpopularity with most people in the world. In this study, we aim to explore influential factors of medical personnel toward living organ donation, based on ethic, law and practical. The purpose of this study is to understand the influential factors of demographic characteristics, the willingness of organ donation and transplantation, and related experiences in medical personnel to living organ donation. Materials and Methods: In this study, based on the purpose sampling, we had invited 245 related organ transplantation medical personnel to accept a "medical personnel vital organ donation ethics and practice survey" questionnaire. Results: The survey concluded that"donor prior informed consent procedure" is the most important factor at the ethic aspect, "avoid inappropriate harm" secondly; at the legal aspect, medical personnel also consider that" written donor expression procedure" is the most important factor, "ethical deliberation procedure" secondly, at the practical operation aspect which were emphasized" strengthen execute prior informed consent procedure". Out of total number of medical personnel, 168(68.6%) express their willingness of organ donation. Medical personnel with higher education background and strict attitude toward ethic and law aspects are likely have higher organ donation willingness. Study suggestions: 1.The government should encourage people to sign in organ donation card, for the purpose of raising donation rate. 2. A platform relate to living organ donation ethic and law should be constructed in the future. 3. Encourage medical personnel participate in organ transplantation team works to reinforce the positive attitude toward organ donation. Raising living-donor willingness has become an important direction of improving people health and medical development.