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1

Croot, Kathryn. How is pupil attitude towards maths afffected by gender, age and ability? Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2001.

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2

Social integration, age groups, and attitudes towards euthanasia. New York: Garland, 1991.

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3

Rai, Ravindra Nath. Some personality determinants of attitudes toward old age. Delhi: Deputy Publications, 1990.

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4

1920-, Comfort Alex, ed. Say yes to old age: Developing a positive attitude toward aging. New York: Crown, 1990.

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5

Being naked: Attitudes toward nudity through the ages. St. Clair Shores, Mich: Ablaze Press, 2001.

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6

Missaghi-Lakshman, Monica. Attitude differences toward parent figures as a function of age and gender. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1988.

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7

Reynolds, Trudy E. Age discrimination in the workplace: Northern Ireland employers' attitudes and practices towards older workers. (S.l: The Author), 1995.

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8

Ariès, Philippe. Western attitudes toward death: from the Middle Ages to the present. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

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9

Aycock, Thomas G. The relationship between parental attitudes towards physical activity and the physical fitness of primary age children. Eugene: Microform Publications, College of Human Development and Performance, University of Oregon, 1985.

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10

Finch, Helen. Health and older people: Attitudes towards health in older age and towards caring for older people : report on a qualitative research project. [London]: [Health Education Council], 1985.

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11

The life project: Forming Christian attitudes toward grief & loss : a manual for leaders, ages 8-10. Liguori, MO: Liguori Lifespan, 2000.

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12

Rosewell, M. A study of the attitudes towards mathematics shown by pupils aged nine to fourteen: With particular reference to girls. [Guildford]: [University of Surrey], 1989.

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13

Jones, Arwel Baines. An investigation of the attitudes towards mathematics of pupils aged 13 and 15, and of their parents, with particular reference to gender. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1993.

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14

Adom, Ahamefula N. Age stereotypes in a cross-cultural perspective: A study of perspections of aging and attitudes toward old adults in Nigeria and Norway assessed in terms of affective meanings, psychological importance, and ego states of transactional analysis. Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technoloy, Dept. of Psychology, 1996.

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15

Barwani, F. An impressionable age?: The role of the family and the mass media on adolescence behaviour and attitude towards smoking. University of East London, 1997.

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16

Oliver, Derek Christopher. Intrinsic religiosity, age, and attitudes toward suicide. 1997.

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17

Attitude toward physical activity and body image of more and less active older adults. 1991.

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18

Attitudes towards physical activity among American and German senior citizens. 1990.

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19

Attitudes towards physical activity among American and German senior citizens. 1990.

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20

Attitudes of Nursing Students Toward Older Adults. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2011.

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21

Gulesci, Selim. Forced Migration and Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829591.003.0005.

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This chapter explores the long-term effects of internal displacement caused by the Kurdish-Turkish conflict on women’s attitudes towards domestic violence. Using the Turkish Demographic and Health Survey, we show that Kurdish women who migrated from their homes during the conflict are more likely to believe that a husband is justified in beating his wife; and the spouses of migrant women were more likely to have tried to control their wives by limiting their movements or social interactions. In a novel dataset of applicants to a women’s shelter, we find that forced migrant women have endured violence for longer and of greater intensity before deciding to seek assistance. We discuss possible mechanisms through which forced migration may affect migrants’ attitudes towards domestic violence.
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22

Buckley, Amy Sue. A comparison of attitudes toward reading in grade leveled and multi-age classrooms. 1992.

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23

Plioplys, Sigita, Shan Abbas, and Brien Smith. Clinicians’ Response to the Diagnosis. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0011.

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This chapter explores clinicians’ attitudes toward the diagnosis and treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Across medical specialties, many clinicians report misconceptions about the nature of PNES, which contributes to a negative attitude toward this disorder and difficulties interacting with PNES patients. When working with PNES patients, clinicians often experience feelings of professional incompetency, frustration, and anxiety, which can negatively impact the clinician–patient relationship and treatment outcome. Recommendations to increase clinicians’ knowledge about PNES, promote more positive attitudes toward the disorder, and improve the clinician–patient relationship are provided.
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24

Christian Attitudes Toward The Jews In The Middle Ages A Casebook. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012.

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25

Kriegel, Uriah. Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791485.003.0010.

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What is good? Brentano’s formal answer is: that toward which it is fitting to take a pro attitude. But one may ask the question hoping also for a material answer. In other words: toward which things is it fitting to take a pro attitude? Brentano’s normative ethics offers an answer to this question. At the heart of his answer is a list of four things which are good in and of themselves. Abruptly put, they are: (i) conscious activity, (ii) pleasure, (iii) knowledge, and (iv) fitting attitudes. This chapter offers a critical fuller exposition of the ethics founded on these four goods.
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26

Hartman, Carol A. Comparing a school sponsored latchkey program and self care: Their effects on students' self concept and attitude toward school. 1991.

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27

Kasperbauer, T. J. Evolved Attitudes to Animals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695811.003.0002.

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This chapter looks at how our attitudes to animals have been shaped by different roles animals played in our evolutionary history. It reviews research on attitudes toward animals across cultures and among very young children. The main argument of the chapter is that we primarily inherited antagonistic attitudes toward animals from our evolutionary forebears. Antagonistic and aversive reactions to animals are discussed within the context of predator–prey relationships and disease avoidance. Positive attitudes to animals are also accounted for by looking at the evolution of pet-keeping and caring for animals. Attitudes toward animals among groups of indigenous people are considered in order to test the validity of the evolutionary account presented in the chapter.
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28

Schmidt, Dieter, and Simon Shorvon. Attitudes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725909.003.0002.

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It could be argued that the greatest advance in the field of epilepsy in the modern era has nothing to do with medicine, is not electroencephalography or magnetic resonance imaging or molecular biology, or the development of new drugs, but is in fact the change in societal attitudes towards those with epilepsy. Epilepsy is not only, or even most importantly, just a medical condition, but it is also something that happens to people, and it can destroy lives and livelihoods. There has been a welcome sea change in our opinions in recent years in the way people with epilepsy are treated and are regarded. All is not perfect by any means, and stigma is still present, but it surely is much less than it was in the early periods of the modern history of epilepsy, at least in Western cultures. This chapter charts the course of changing societal attitudes since 1860, through the dire years of theories of degeneration, eugenics, positivist criminology, and racial hygiene. There has been a transformation of epilepsy from the moral to the medical domain, from ‘badness’ to ‘sickness’, and this has certainly contributed to decreasing stigmatisation and deprecation. Much needs still to be done, and prejudice can flare up quickly; but nevertheless the public attitudes to epilepsy are far better now than in even the recent past.
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29

Ebner, Carmen. Attitudes to British usage. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808206.003.0009.

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In this chapter Carmen Ebner discusses how the attitudes of British English speakers have changed by comparing the findings of an earlier usage attitude study conducted by Mittins et al. (1970) with recently collected data on the same usage problems via an online questionnaire. In particular, she will look at the split infinitive, between you and I, differently than, the dangling participle (as in pulling the trigger, the gun went off), and literally. As a result, she will be able to compare what are in effect two snapshots of current usage, and identify possible changes in attitudes towards these disputed linguistic items.
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30

Montague, Nicola Jane. An investigation of the attitudes of school age children towards the physically handicappedin relation to their sex, age and knowledge of physical handicap. NELP, 1987.

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31

Veritas hebraica: Christian attitudes toward the Hebrew language in the high Middle Ages. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1986.

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32

Calhoun, Cheshire. Taking an Interest in One’s Future. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851866.003.0003.

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The chapter’s topic is the motivating interest we take, and sometimes lose, in our own future. A set of questions are addressed: How is the valuing attitude taken toward ends connected to taking an interest in one’s future, given that valuing attitudes are not essentially future oriented? How could valuing attitudes toward particular ends give us a motivationally global interest in our future? What conditions our globally motivating interest in our future? I suggest that this interest depends on our living in the present under an idea of the future in which exercising our agency makes sense because (1) the future is open to meaningful living, (2) we are not estranged from our own normative outlooks, (3) our instrumental reasoning is effective, and (4) we are secure from disastrous misfortune.
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33

Naufal, George, Ismail Genc, and Carlos Vargas-Silva. Attitudes of Students in the GCC Region towards the Arab Spring. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608873.003.0011.

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The purpose of this chapter is to present new empirical research on the Arab Spring and, specifically, to focus on the attitudes of residents of one country in the Middle East towards the Arab Spring. This research was conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which has been one of the main migrant destinations in the world for the last two decades. This allows for comparisons regarding attitudes towards the Arab Spring across individuals from different regions of origin such as GCC, South Asia, and Western countries. The attitudes of university students are important because the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has experienced a substantial increase in the 17 to 23 years of age population. Existing reports suggest that, by far, those involved in Arab Spring protests were young individuals. The analysis places particular emphasis on the correlation of attitudes towards the Arab Spring with three key aspects: religiousness, attachment to the GCC countries, and attachment to country of origin.
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34

Carroll, Maureen. Integrated Perspectives on Roman Infancy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687633.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 assesses Roman texts that have been so influential in our understanding and judgement of the relationships between Roman parents and their offspring. These are the sources that were written primarily in response to infant death and that appear to record the general Roman attitude towards children below the age of one year. Having explored the archaeological evidence for infancy and earliest childhood and the material culture of this life-stage in the previous chapters, we are now in a good position to evaluate the reliability and validity of the texts in a nuanced way.
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35

Christian Attitudes toward the Jews in the Middle Ages: A Casebook (Routledge Medieval Casebooks). Routledge, 2006.

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36

Devlin, Dennis I. Attitude toward physical activity and body image of more and less active older adults. 1990.

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37

Attitude toward physical activity and body image of more and less active older adults. 1990.

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38

Baslet, Gaston, and Barbara A. Dworetzky. Toward the Integration of Care. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0019.

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Patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), a subtype of functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD), receive suboptimal care owing to a number of factors, including the poorly understood nature of the disorder, limited evidence-based treatments, limited education within training programs, and a divided healthcare system. This chapter reviews the impact that such factors have in the delivery of care and attitude toward patients with PNES and FNSD. The chapter constructively proposes how recent advances can be turned into therapeutic opportunities from the point of view of clinical care and education and training, by using an integrated care approach. The specific components and goals of the integrated care model are discussed. The ultimate goal is that all aspects of the patient’s life are aligned toward maximum recovery and optimized functioning. Finally, the positive impact that such a model can have in training programs is emphasized. A change in the delivery of care for FNSD patients represents an opportunity to integrate these disorders within the realm of modern medicine with a compassionate and empathic professional attitude.
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39

Watzl, Sebastian. Is Attention a Non-Propositional Attitude? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732570.003.0012.

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The first part of this chapter argues that many forms of attention and attention-entailing mental episodes, such as looking at something, watching something, listening to something, or tactually feeling something, are paradigmatic examples of non-propositional intentional episodes. In addition, attention cannot be reduced to any other (propositional or non-propositional) mental episodes. But is attention a non-propositional attitude? The second part of the chapter argues that it is not. In order to account for attention and its apparently non-propositional character we should reject a certain atomistic model of our mental life and move towards a more holistic conception. I question the assumption that a subject’s mental life should be thought of as a causally connected collection of mental attitudes. This “building-block” model of the mind does not fit the case of attention. Instead, a subject’s mental life can be partitioned along many, equally appropriate dimensions. In a slogan: mentality has priority structure, in addition to attitudinal structure.
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40

Gjesdal, Kristin. Interpreting Hamlet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698515.003.0010.

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In German eighteenth-century culture, Shakespeare’s work was translated, staged, and discussed with a passion that has remained unrivaled. Philosophy was no exception to this trend. In the second half of the eighteenth century, Lessing, Herder, and Schlegel all turned to Shakespeare’s work and used it as an anchoring point for reflection on theater and dramatic poetry. In different ways, they came to see Hamlet a work that captured the dynamics of modern life, especially its emphasis on interpretation, relativism, and the threat of nihilism. The changing attitudes toward Hamlet reflect, in turn, a changing attitude toward interpretation and understanding, as these topics are addressed in Shakespeare’s work and in eighteenth-century aesthetics and philosophy more broadly speaking.
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41

Schuler, Tammy A., Andy Roth, and Jimmie Holland. Age-Related Considerations for Treating Body Image Issues in Cancer Patients (Older Adults). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0013.

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Abstract: It is vital to improve knowledge regarding body image concerns in older cancer patients. This chapter describes complex interactions of cancer and body image in women and men 65 years and older. The chapter is broadly divided by diagnosis, and discusses research from around the globe. Overall, the empirical literature does not (yet) provide enough evidence that attitudes affecting body image in older cancer patients are unequivocally different than younger patients. However, there appears to be a trend which parallels findings regarding attitudes toward body image in healthy populations—namely that body image investment (i.e., the importance placed on appearance) decreases with age. In addition, anecdotes from patients indicate that distress from internal changes that occur with such cancers as ovarian, uterine, and prostate may have a profound impact despite external normal appearance. The chapter includes empirically supported clinical recommendations for approaching body image concerns in this group.
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42

Zell, Ethan, Rong Su, and Dolores Albarracín. Dialectical Thinking and Attitudes toward Action/Inaction Beyond East Asia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0021.

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Previous research has focused primarily on assessing dialectical thinking among respondents in representative East Asian and Western nations (e.g., China, Japan, South Korea, and the United States). This chapter examines how dialectical thinking varies across 19 nations/subnations spanning four continents. Consistent with previous theory, dialectical thinking was highest in East Asian societies, such as mainland China, Hong Kong, and Japan. Dialectical thinking was lowest in Guatemala, Turkey, and Italy. Further, both individual and nation-level dialecticism significantly predicted attitudes toward action and inaction. That is, both cultural groups and individuals high in dialectical thinking evidenced greater balance and moderation in attitudes toward action and inaction than cultural groups and individuals low in dialectical thinking. Given that dialectical thinking exists to some degree in a variety of cultures, factors that cultivate dialecticism in both East Asian and Western cultures are addressed. The chapter concludes with discussion of avenues for future research examining patterns of dialectical thinking across the globe.
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43

Chandler, Jane Teague. THE IMPACT OF AN ADULT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON THE ATTITUDES OF NURSING PERSONNEL TOWARD THE AGED. 1985.

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44

Adamson, Peter. Human and Animal Nature in the Philosophy of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199375967.003.0007.

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This chapter examines ethical attitudes toward animals in the Islamic world, alongside the rich psychological theories developed by thinkers, including Avicenna, to explain the sophisticated behaviors of which animals are capable. On the ethical front, al-Rāzī, Ibn Bājja, Ibn Ṭufayl, and the Brethren of Purity are shown to have presented remarkable defenses of benevolence towards animals. Regarding psychology, the chapter explores the range of cognitive powers ascribed to animals, focusing on the higher faculties that overlap with the so-called “internal senses” in humans.
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45

Heinämaa, Sara, and Timo Kaitaro. Descartes’ Notion of the Mind–Body Union and its Phenomenological Expositions. Edited by Dan Zahavi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755340.013.3.

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The chapter clarifies the connections between Descartes’ discussion of the mind–body union and classical phenomenology of embodiment, as developed by Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. It argues that the perplexing twofoldness of Descartes’ account of the mind–body union—interactionistic on the one hand, and holistic on the other—can be explicated and made coherent by phenomenological analyses of the two different attitudes that we can take toward human beings: the naturalistic and the personalistic. In the naturalistic attitude, the human being is understood as a two-layered psycho-physical complex, in which mental states and faculties are founded on the material basis of the body. In the personalistic attitude, the human being forms an expressive whole in which the spiritual and the sensible-material are intertwined. The chapter ends with a discussion of the most important similarities and differences between Descartes’ and Husserl’s conceptions of philosophy as a radical science.
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46

Haddad, Youssef A. Subject-Oriented Attitude Datives in Social Context. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474434072.003.0005.

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The focus of this chapter is on Levantine Arabic attitude datives that take the subject of the construction in which they occur as a referent. The chapter analyzes specific instances of subject-oriented attitude datives as used in different types of social acts. It shows that when a speaker uses these datives in representatives (i.e., statements that may be assessed as true or false), she expresses an evaluative attitude toward an event as either unimportant/trivial or unexpected/surprising, based on her familiarity with the subject of that event and her expectations of that subject. When a speaker uses the same datives in directives (e.g., requests), she evaluates the potential cost of the action required by her utterance as minimal compared to any potential gain. All social functions are contingent on contextual factors, including the sociocultural, situational, and co-textual context.
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47

Haddad, Youssef A. The Sociopragmatics of Attitude Datives in Levantine Arabic. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474434072.001.0001.

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This book analyses the sociopragmatics of attitude datives in four Levantine Arabic varieties; these are Syrian, Lebanese, Jordanian, and Palestinian Arabic. Attitude datives are optional pronominal pragmatic markers that serve two broad functions: (i) an evaluative function to express a stance toward an issue or an object, and/or (ii) a relational function to manage (e.g., affirm, challenge) relationships between social actors. The study provides ample data from a variety of sources: soap operas, movies, plays, talk shows, social media, and so on. It is supplemented with short videos of most data on a companion website https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/haddad. The study has four goals: to document the phenomenon of attitude datives in Levantine Arabic; to analyze their meaning contribution in interaction; to examine the contextual factors that inform and are informed by their use; to account for the cognitive coordination that social actors engage in when an attitude dative is used.
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48

Di Paolo, Ezequiel A., Thomas Buhrmann, and Xabier E. Barandiaran. Virtual actions and abstract attitudes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786849.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the claim that enactivism cannot account for “representation-hungry” cognitive performance. Clusters of sensorimotor schemes suggest a way in which the virtual sensitivities inherent in every act of sense-making can be extended beyond the immediate situation by means of virtual actions. These are regulations performed by the agent that alter the functional relations between potential acts in a given activity. The chapter also reconsiders the question of object perception. Evidence suggests that adopting an abstract perceptual attitude toward an object (seeing it beyond its instrumental use) is a social skill, both in terms of how it develops and in terms of what this attitude entails, particularly as a form of decentering. Both of these analyses sketch viable routes through which enactivism can claim to address complex cognitive phenomena that previously only seemed explainable via the use of internal representations.
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49

Martin. Travel Behavior of the Elderly and the Attitudes of the Aged Towards the Transportation Environment/Ucb-Its-Wp-92-1. Inst of Transportation Studies, 1992.

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50

Asadullah, M. Niaz, Nudrat Faria Shreya, and Zaki Wahhaj. Access to microfinance and female labour force participation. 30th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/968-6.

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Although microfinance started as a movement to improve women’s economic well-being through increased female entrepreneurship in particular, its impact on women’s attitudes toward and participation in the labour market is not fully understood. We fill this gap by combining data on branch locations of the major microfinance institutions in Bangladesh with household survey data and implement a spatial regression discontinuity design. Our estimates suggest significant effects of access to credit on women’s work; attitudes towards gender, social and employment norms; and psychosocial well-being. Access to credit increases labour force participation in terms of paid employment and traditional economic participation. Relatedly, respondents are more likely to be prevented from working by their husbands or other household members. They are also more likely to express traditional beliefs in relation to gender, social, and employment norms. Finally, access to credit leads to a loss in life satisfaction, financial satisfaction, health satisfaction, and overall happiness.
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