Dissertations / Theses: 'Attitudes. Language'

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Melander, Linda. "Language attitudes : Evaluational Reactions to Spoken Language." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2282.

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Aldosaree, Osamh M. "Language attitudes toward Saudi dialects." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10141516.

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The aim of this study is to reveal and analyze language ideologies and stereotypes associated with the three main regional dialects of Saudi Arabia: Najdi, Hijazi, and Janoubi. The research questions were “How do Saudi speakers with different educational levels perceive other regional dialects?” and “Does experience and exposure to other dialects play a role in terms of their perception?” Since college students typically have more opportunities to interact with speakers of different dialects, I hypothesized that their evaluations of other dialects would be different from high school students’ perspectives. The study participants consisted of 66 college subjects and 69 high school subjects; they came from different regional backgrounds. Lambert's Matched-Guise Test (1960) was implemented in order to examine the language attitudes toward these dialects. Interviews were also conducted to probe participants’ reasons and justifications for their judgments and opinions and also to support statistical findings. I found significant difference between college and high school subjects in the measures of five items. High school subjects tended to have a hard time guessing the speaker’s background, which indicates they lack awareness of other dialects. College participants also applied more positive adjectives to Hijazi and Najdi speakers. On the other hand, high school subjects tended to judge the Hijazi speaker as a very slow speaker. In the interviews, I found that college interviewees tended to provide more details than high school interviewees, which showed college participants are more aware of other dialects. This study tried to determine whether or not discriminatory attitudes existed among the participants. The results indicate that certain dialect speakers could be judged negatively based on which dialect they speak, and that there are implications for their social and work lives. This study may help scholars better understand some of the language ideologies held by high school and college students in Saudi Arabia.

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Al-Hoorie, Ali. "Implicit attitudes in language learning." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42571/.

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The field of language motivation is almost 60 years old. Throughout these decades, one idea has been persistent: Motivation is assumed to be a conscious process on which the learner can exert direct control. That this conscious conceptualization might not give the full picture has not been seriously entertained. An important consequence ensuing from this approach is the overreliance on self-report measures, such as questionnaires and interviews. Thus, in effect, the individual’s conscious reflection on their own attitudes and motivation has been the primary source of empirical data for our field. This thesis challenges this hegemony of conscious motivation. It provides an extensive review of the various paradigms of unconscious attitudes and motivation. It traces back their origins, highlights some of their major findings, and reviews the instruments used within each paradigm to circumvent direct self-report (as well as the controversies surrounding these instruments). The review also demonstrates that the adoption of an unconscious perspective is not inconsistent with major theoretical frameworks in the field. It then selects one of these paradigms, namely implicit attitudes, to apply in the context of language learning. Two studies were conducted on two independent samples (with almost 700 participants in total), in two different contexts (the UK and Saudi Arabia), and with different instruments of implicit attitudes (the Implicit Association Test and the Single-Target Implicit Association Test). Study 1 found that openness to language speakers at the implicit level is associated with more openness at the explicit level. Study 2 successfully replicated this finding, and extended it to language achievement—showing that learners with more favorable attitudes toward language speakers at the implicit level achieved higher grades in their English class. This finding could not be explained away by either social desirability or cognitive confounds. The results from these two studies were also meta-analyzed using Bayes factors in order to give an overall picture of the findings. The Discussion chapter wraps up this thesis by highlighting the relevance of this unconscious approach to the field more broadly. This chapter reviews a number of recent studies that have yielded similar findings to those from the current thesis. Some of these findings are then critically reanalyzed and reinterpreted in the context of unconscious motivation, thus demonstrating how adopting an unconscious approach helps view existing findings in a new light. In some cases, the analysis casts doubt on established ideas that have been taken for granted for decades. The overall message of this thesis is not that conscious motivation should be disregarded. Instead, conscious motivation should be complemented with a consideration of the role of unconscious motivation. A conscious-only approach would offer a limited window into human attitudes and motivation.

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Ulungaki, Ana Maui Taufe. "Implications of language attitudes for language planning in Tonga." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.749284.

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Eisenhower, Kristina. "American attitudes toward accented English." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79762.

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This study draws on previous research (e.g., Labov, 1969; Carranza & Ryan, 1975; Brennan & Brennan, 1981; Alford & Strother, 1990) which has revealed and confirmed the many language stereotypes and biases in existence in the United States The present study differs from earlier investigations in that it specifically addresses the current-day attitudes of American English speakers toward a selection of accents that include both native (U.S. regional) and nonnative (foreign or ethnic) accents of English.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the evaluative reactions of an American-born audience toward accented English speech. Fifty-three American college students listened to an audio recording of eight accented English speakers, four representing regional U.S. accent groups and four representing ethnic or foreign accent groups. The students' evaluative reactions indicated favoritism toward the American English speakers with a consistent downgrading of the ethnic speakers. Analysis of the personality ratings suggests that participants based their judgments to some extent on their perceptions of the accented speakers in terms of three dimensions: appeal, accommodation and aspiration. The conceptual affinity of these three dimensions and the subsequent revelation of three-dimensional model of "absolute accommodation" are discussed.
This exploratory study clearly implies a need for further research, particularly into educational programs or interventions aimed at countering the negative attitudes and stereotypes associated with language variety.

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Hoare, Rachel. "Attitudes towards language varieties in Brittany." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297908.

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This thesis investigates the attitudes of young people in Brittany (aged 8-18) towards varieties of language (especially Breton) and the link between language and identity. The sociolinguistic situation in Brittany (past and present) is outlined, and previous research on language attitudes is reviewed. In phase 1 of the project, different informants completed a written questionnaire (470 respondents) and a Matched Guise Test (258 listener-judges), the latter involving Breton, Breton-accented French and Standard-accented French. The questionnaire responses revealed a strong correlation, verified by chi-square tests, between levels of use of Breton and perceptions of identity. Although those respondents from the traditionally Bretonspeaking western part of Brittany (Basse Bretagne) were keen for the language to be preserved, very few were willing to contribute to this process. The respondents from traditionally non Breton-speaking eastern Brittany (Haute Bretagne) were less positive in their views on the future of Breton. The least favourable ratings for the future of Breton were expressed by 15 to 16 year old males, and this was attributed to differences between male and female peer group norms. Breton emerged very favourably from the Matched Guise Test with positive ratings for both status and solidarity traits (a distinction identified by factor analysis of the data). Further breakdown and analysis of the results for the two regions revealed major differences in the evaluation of Breton in Basse and Haute Bretagne, which were attributed to the perceptions of Breton as either Li or L2 by different informant groups. These differing perceptions of Breton further complicated the relationship between the varieties, which may have contributed to the unexpected downgrading of Standardaccented French in terms of status in several cases. The 13-14 year olds perceivedBreton-accented French as the most statusful of the three varieties, a reaction which was attributed to the typical use and positive reinforcement of non-standard speech forms by this age group. In phase 2, 62 informants from western Brittany participated in interviews (based on the questionnaire, administered previously to other respondents), and pair-discussions of the MGT recordings. The overall picture provided by the interviews indicated that although informants expressed a keen interest in improving their competence in Breton, they did not support initiatives designed to encourage this such as the compulsory teaching of Breton in schools. This finding, which supported that of the questionnaire, gave rise to the distinction between the passive and active expression of attitudes. The interviews also revealed the complexity of the relationship between language and identity, with the informants' assertions that Breton identity was more strongly related to origin and residence than competence in Breton. This apparent contradiction between perceptions of the role played by language in determining identity, and the reality of the informants' responses concerning use, appeared to be operating at the subconscious level. The pair-discussions revealed that age was a central aspect of identity which had not yet been investigated in the current project, and which provided an explanation for the different attitudes towards Breton speakers in the MGT: there was an equal division between those who considered them to be young L2 speakers and those who assumed them to be old native speakers of Breton. This aspect of identity also played a key role in the construction of profiles for each guise which gave typical reactions to each guise in order to highlight patterns running through the discourse data. The combination of different methods in the current study was designed to elicit different insights into attitudes and perceptions of identity in the data.

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Schmidt, Christina D. "My church – my language?: Language attitudes and language policiy in South African church." Universität Leipzig, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33610.

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This study examines the language attitudes of members of three (formerly) Afrikaans-speaking congregations of the multilingual Moravian Church in South Africa (MCSA) with regard to current language practices within the Church and their ideas for a future language policy. It is based on interviews held with members of these congregations, while concepts of identity serve as a theoretical framework. Through these, it is shown that the MCSA could neither pursue a monolingual nor a consistently multilingual language policy in order not to aggravate the identification of its members with the Church.

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Sapinski, Tania H. "Language use and language attitudes in a rural South Australian community /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arms241.pdf.

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Habibovic, Asima. "Taboo language : Teenagers' understanding of and attitudes to English taboo language." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-7731.

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Bissoonauth, Anu. "Language use, language choice and language attitudes among young Mauritian adolescents in secondary education." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10914/.

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The present study reports on a research project conducted in Mauritius in 1992/93. The project was designed to investigate patterns of language use, language choice and language attitudes of a subsection of the Mauritian population: adolescents in full-time education. Mauritius has been a French and British colony and therefore, both English and French are used in formal and official contexts. Furthermore, a French Creole is the lingua franca of the island and several Indian and Chinese languages, often called Oriental languages, are also spoken. The research was carried out in the field, and data was collected by means of a questionnaire and interview from a representative sample of the secondary school population. The basic questions raised in this study are the following: (i) Which language(s) is/are used in a given context, Creole, English, French, Indian or Chinese? (ii) What are the linguistic choices of this particular section of the population? (iii) What kind of attitudes do informants have towards Creole in education? (iv) What is the influence of social factors on the language use, language choice and language attitudes of the informants? The findings of this investigation are compared to the results of the 1990 census on language use. They reveal that although the present sample cannot be considered as representative of the whole Mauritian population, it is representative of the adolescent population in education. The responses indicate that Creole is the first language of the home, but that French and English, to a lesser extent, are also spoken. The majority of the sample seems to be against the idea of studying Creole in school, and yet, accept Creole as the national language of Mauritius. Despite the efforts of successive governments to promote Indian and Chinese languages as "ancestral languages", their use is generally declining, and the majority of informants see little or no use for them in practical terms. The statements made by informants interviewed appear to suggest that there are no conflicting attitudes relating to languages. There is a widespread feeling that Creole should not be used as the language of instruction, but should remain the national language for informal communication. English and French are more useful than Creole and Oriental languages, since they allow success in education and upward social mobility. Oriental languages are not important in daily life, but they represent cultural values, as such they are primarily used in religious practices and learnt as third languages in schools.

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Chan, Kar-wing Veronica, and 陳嘉詠. "Social attitudes towards swearing and taboo language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951211.

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Kiziltepe, F. Zeynep. "Attitudes and motivation in second language learning." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363374.

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Chan, Kar-wing Veronica. "Social attitudes towards swearing and taboo language." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18685377.

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Kircher, Ruth. "Language attitudes in Quebec : a contemporary perspective." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/497.

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Language attitudes studies are a central part of both sociolinguistics and social psychology, and Quebec, Canada’s only province with a francophone majority, has proved to be one of the most fascinating places for this kind of research. This thesis is an investigation of the attitudes that anglophone, francophone and allophone Quebecers – both immigrants as well as those who were born in the province – hold towards English, Quebec French and European French. The first part of the thesis provides the context for the author’s own research. It outlines the most relevant events in Quebec history and explains the current social and linguistic situation in the province. Furthermore, it provides an introduction to attitude theory in general and language attitudes in particular, before summarising the most significant previous investigations into language attitudes in Quebec. The second part of the thesis focuses on a language attitudes study conducted amongst 164 Montreal college students in the autumn of 2007. The study made use of two different methodologies: a direct method (questionnaire) and an indirect method (the so-called matched-guise technique). The results of each method of inquiry are first presented separately, before being compared and analysed in the light of the current social and linguistic situation in the province of Quebec.

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Gilliland, Joshua. "Language Attitudes and Ideologies in Shanghai, China." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391600649.

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Leek, Patricia A. "Pre-Service Teachers' Attitudes Toward Language Diversity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2629/.

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This study examines pre-service teachers' attitudes toward language diversity and linguistically diverse students. Two hundred seventy-one teacher education students were surveyed to determine relative effects of demographic, mediating variables and psychosocial variables on language attitude as measured by the Language Attitudes of Teachers Scale (LATS). Independent variables include gender, age, race/ethnicity, teacher certification sought, region, psychological insecurity, cognitive sophistication, and helpfulness viewpoint. Research questions are established and methodology is outlined. A review of related literature places the study in the context of research with a broad interdisciplinary perspective and then links the study to other research relevant to the field of education. The findings of the study indicate that gender, race/ethnicity, teacher certification sought, political ideology, psychological insecurity, and cognitive sophistication contribute significantly to the variation found in attitude toward language diversity. The paper concludes with analyses and discussions of the significant variables and suggestions for application in teacher preparation.

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Chong, Electra. "Language Norms and Attitudes at Scripps College." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/801.

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Continuing from Eckert’s line of research, I aim to explore the social meaning of common features loaded with gendered ideology: uptalk, creaky voice, and tag questions to name a few (Eckert 2008). Some indexical properties of these features have been alluded to in a study by Ikuko Patricia Yuasa, who found in a match-guise test that many female users of creaky voice are perceived as “educated, urban-oriented and upwardly mobile” (2010). Yet these findings are divorced from the “interactional and stylistic ends” to which girls used these marked features that Eckert and McLemore identify, when in fact they should be in direct conversation. In the process, I aim to make speech used by mainstream populations a conscious object of study, critically examining whether the features index a specific and exclusive construction of femininity that represents any sort of prestige in the specific setting of a women’s college. This entails studying not only who adopts these features and to what means, but who do not and what alternative patterns of speech they pursue instead. Thus, this project aims to elucidate the complicated choices that young women make in speech and the social meanings they convey in those choices.

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Caballé, Morera Ester. "Romanian migrant students. A study on use of language and language attitudes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671637.

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L'objectiu de la present Tesi Doctoral és analitzar els usos i actituds lingüístiques dels estudiants romanesos d’Educació Secundària a Catalunya, en funció de la seva assistència o no al programa Llengua, Cultura i Civilització Romanesa. Metodològicament, es combinen tècniques d’investigació social qualitativa i quantitativa per tal d’obtenir uns resultats complementaris que ofereixin una més complerta aproximació a l’objecte d’estudi. Globalment, des d'un punt de vista quantitatiu es va identificar que les actituds cap al castellà i el romanès són força equilibrades, seguit pel català amb les actituds menys positives. Pel que fa a l'ús lingüístic, el castellà és la llengua més utilitzada generalment, però en contextos rurals, és la llengua catalana que predomina, mentre que el romanès queda relegat a l'àmbit privat i en perill de ser substituït per castellà o català. No obstant això, a nivell qualitatiu es detecta el vincle afectiu amb la seva llengua materna, fent un ús elevat dins del seu cercle familiar i mostrant unes actituds lingüístiques positives. El castellà adquireix un valor social i internacional obtenint les actituds més positives i l'ús més elevat. Finalment, el català obté també un valor social i alhora acadèmic i de progrés, emfatitzant la repercussió que té el seu ús en la integració social en aquest context. Finalment es discuteixen les implicacions teòriques i contextuals d’aquests resultats.
El objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral es analizar los usos y actitudes lingüísticas de los estudiantes rumanos de Educación Secundaria en Cataluña, en función de su asistencia o no al programa Lengua, Cultura y Civilización Rumana. Metodológicamente, se combinan técnicas de investigación social cualitativa y cuantitativa para obtener unos resultados complementarios que ofrezcan una más completa aproximación al objeto de estudio. Globalmente, desde un punto de vista cuantitativo se identificó que las actitudes hacia el castellano y el rumano son bastante equilibradas, seguido por el catalán con las actitudes menos positivas. En cuanto a los usos lingüísticos, el castellano es la lengua más utilizada generalmente, pero en contextos rurales es la lengua catalana la que predomina, mientras que el rumano queda relegado al ámbito privado y en peligro de ser sustituido por castellano o catalán. Sin embargo, a nivel cualitativo se detecta el vínculo afectivo con su lengua materna, haciendo un uso elevado dentro de su círculo familiar y mostrando unas actitudes lingüísticas positivas. El castellano tiene un valor social e internacional obteniendo las actitudes más positivas y el uso más elevado. Finalmente, el catalán obtiene también un valor social ya la vez académico y de progreso, enfatizando la repercusión que tiene su uso en la integración social en este contexto. Finalmente se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y contextuales de estos resultados.
The main objective in this doctoral thesis is based on the analysis of the use of language and language attitudes of 131 young Romanians who attended the Romanian Language, Culture and Civilization program in Catalonia. The research uses a mixed method to analyse the main variables that influence the use of language and attitudes. Through the four articles presented, it is contemplated how the identity variables, the length of stay in the host country and language competences affect in those uses and attitudes. Based on a global vision of the results, it was quantitatively identified that attitudes towards Spanish and Romanian are fairly balanced, followed by Catalan with less positive attitudes. Regarding language use, Spanish is the language most often used, but in rural contexts, Catalan is the predominant language, whereas the Romanian is relegated to the private sphere and in danger of being replaced by Spanish and Catalan. However, at a qualitative sphere we recognize the emotional bond with their mother tongue, making high use within their family context and demonstrating positive language attitudes. Spanish acquires a social and international value obtaining the most positive attitudes and the highest use. Catalan also obtains social and academic and progress value, emphasizing the impact of its use on social integration in this context. Finally, the theoretical and contextual implications of these results are discussed.

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Blomquist, Linda. "Language and Identity : Attitudes towards code-switching in the immigrant language classroom." Thesis, Umeå University, Department of language studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-23411.

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Although many studies have been conducted on second language acquisition and bilingual education, little is known about the role of language in the formation of identity by adolescent immigrants in the language classroom. More specifically, this study aims to investigate the use of code-switching by immigrant and refugee students learning Swedish and English in a high school preparatory program. Furthermore, this study investigates the relationship between students’ and teachers’ attitudes towards code-switching and language as a resource, and theories on language as a marker of identity. Quantitative collection of data and qualitative interviews reveal tensions between the ways in which teachers and students relate to code-switching and bilingualism. This study concludes that language in general, and code-switching in particular, can be used by students as a marker of identity. It further concludes that teachers to some extent discourage the use of code-switching, and thereby undermine the students’ possibilities in forming multicultural identities.

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Dorney, Katharine Augusta. "'Minding' language : attitudes to language in post-war British theatre 1945-1979." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408312.

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Blackwood, Robert J. "Corsican language status and speaker attitudes : minority language education, polynomia and distanciation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14608.

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An interesting language contact situation exists on the French island of Corsica, where French is the official national language but where Corsican, the island's minority language, is also in use and where Tuscan Italian, a previous official language, continues to exert a certain influence. The Corsican language is a cause espoused by the nationalist movements on the island, some of whom resort to violence and terrorism to force the government in Paris to address issues relating to the administration of Corsica. The extension of the Corsican language features amongst the demands made by the nationalists, who use the language in their high- profile campaigns. However, the Corsican language is not widely heard across the island, where no Corsican monolinguals are left alive and where French is the lingua franca. Whilst French is the language of communication, support for the Corsican language appears to be strong. This Thesis seeks to gauge the opinions of islanders, both corsophone and non-corsophone, to the language and its use. Of particular interest currently is the debate surrounding compulsory Corsican language classes for school children, and the attitudes of Corsicans to this question is addressed in this project. At the island's university in Corte, a number of academics, language activists and some politicians are engaged in work on the language, proposing a polynomic model for Corsican to extend the use of the language. Others are devoting time to differentiating the language from French, in an attempt to refine a 'purer' Corsican. This Thesis assesses the attitudes of islanders to these questions in order to provide an overview of the language situation on Corsica and to draw together proposals for those seeking to reverse the language shift to French.

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Walton, Erika. "The Plagued Life of Language in American Society: Attitudes Toward Foreign Language." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111683587.

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Johnsson, Fredrik. "Language requirements for Swedish citizenship : Adult language learners' attitudes towards the Swedish language test for immigrants." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för tvåspråkighetsforskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183494.

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In line with the global trend of increased language requirements for naturalization, the Swedish government decided in 2019 to introduce a language test for citizenship. Drawing on Norton Peirce’s (1995) notion of investment and Fraser’s (2000) definition of participatory parity, this study investigates adult second language learners’ attitudes towards the test and analyzes how investment in language learning and perception of possibilities for participatory parity influence their views. Furthermore, the study considers some of the potential consequences of the new policy, for example, for acts of linguistic citizenship (Stroud, 2018). Eighteen SFI-students at level 3C, one of the highest levels at the language course, responded to a questionnaire. Nine respondents favored the test, four opposed it, four were neutral, and one was unsure. Interviews were conducted with six volunteers out of these participants, five out of six were supporters of the language test. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically. While all participants were motivated to learn Swedish, the findings indicate how diverse forms of capital, ideologies, and desired or actual identities in Swedish, that is, the nature of their investment and perceived possibilities for economic and social participation, influenced their attitudes towards the language test. Furthermore, supporters of the test considered that the language requirement would improve possibilities for participatory parity, whereas the opponents emphasized the risk of misrecognition and misrepresentation. The policy redefines Swedish citizenship: by making a test of Swedish language mandatory for prospective citizens, it formally demands that immigrants learn Swedish provided they want to integrate. As the results suggest, however, the participants in this study were engaged in a wide range of acts of linguistic citizenship in Swedish and had similar reported proficiency levels, regardless of their opinions of the Swedish test. The study calls for more research on the effects of language requirements for naturalization to examine to what extent and in what ways a language test for citizenship affects already motivated language learners.

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Tang, Weizhi, and 湯偉之. "Self-access language learning : attitudes and learning strategies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209688.

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The attitudes and learning strategies of 100 language learners who are also users of Self-Access Centers (SACs) in a theoretical context of Self-Access Language Learning (SALL). Though questionnaire survey, the present study discovered several significant correlations between learner’s attitudes towards SALL and their language learning strategies. It also established a profile of SALL center users in their attitudes and learning strategies from an comparative view based on their previous SALL experiences. The results showed that leaners who are more ready for Self-Access tend to use affective strategies. Memory strategies are practiced more often among leaners who prefer learn grammar without teachers and have more speaking activities in class, also who are relatively more self-aware of their own learning objectives. Cognitive strategies are widely used by leaners who prefer leaning grammar by themselves, also those who are more confident to solve problems by themselves. There is a stronger intention of control over content selection for leaners who had SALL experiences, especially in utilizing non-staffing SALL resources at SACs.
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Antonini, Rachele. "Language attitudes in old and new Gaeltacht communities." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1920.

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This study aims to provide a description and analysis of Irish language use and attitudes towards it in three geographically and ideologically distinctive communities in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, by examining four separate, but related, issues: (i) Attitudes towards Irish in three contrasting Gaeltacht regions (an urban, ‘revival’ area in Northern Ireland and two rural, ‘survival’ Gaeltachtaí in the Republic of Ireland); (ii) The level of Irish-English bilingualism in these regions amongst cohorts of males and females of various ages and from divergent socio-economic backgrounds; (iii) The influence which positive or negative attitudes towards Irish exert on language choice; (iv) Whether psycho-perceptual factors like attitudes are as salient to the process of declining Irish-English bilingualism as socio-economic ones such as social class or personal network ties. Data relating to language use and attitudes were collected in the three study areas by using different methodologies, including the administration of a questionnaire (in two versions: English and Irish) as well as semi-structured interviews. The data collected thus were analysed and compared in order to determine the extent to which different attitudes towards the Irish language existed in these communities that are also distinctive in other ways. Another important objective was to try and identify the factors that influence and shape such differences. In this regard, particular attention was paid to: (i) state intervention (in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland) with respect to particular types of support for Irish as well as successful and unsuccessful language policies operating within these two states; (ii) language use in the community and home domains and (iii) Irish in the media. The data gathered by questionnaire was analysed by performing factor and multivariate analysis of variance and the interview data was also interrogated. Both types of analyses were performed with the aim of assessing and explaining different attitudes towards the maintenance and the future of the Irish language in the three study areas as well as usage differences with respect to independent the variables of age, gender, and educational level. The analysis of the questionnaire data revealed which sociodemographic variables have an influence on the attitudinal dimensions taken into consideration and Irish language use in the three study areas where this study took place. iii The interviews carried out in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were instrumental in probing further the issues tackled by the questionnaire. They also functioned to explore additional aspects of language orientation, namely, whether informants held positive or negative attitudes towards different accents and dialects of Irish across the island of Ireland, particularly the newer revival varieties about which there has been much media attention but less scholarly investigation.

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Garrett, Peter. "Language attitudes : methods and interpretation in sociolinguistic research." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420328.

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Lung, Bo Kay Polly. "Preschool teachers' attitudes toward children's native language maintenance." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 158 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605161521&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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West, Joyce Phillis. "Student teacher ethnocentrism: attitudes and beliefs about language." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80425.

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After the dismantling of apartheid in South Africa, democratic transformation included desegregating mono-ethnic environments, such as schools and higher education institutions, through the integration of learners and students from diverse multilingual and multicultural backgrounds. A further ideal encouraged mother-tongue education. Yet, a growing preference for English as the medium of instruction ensued, especially in multilingual urban areas. This study investigated the degree of ethnocentrism that student teachers studying at a mono-ethnic private higher education institution had and what their attitudes and beliefs about language-in-education issues were since such outlooks could potentially affect their classroom practices. Ethnocentrism, the tendency of an individual to identify strongly with their own ethnicity and to reject others’, draws on the premises of the social identity theory owing to the focus on in-group-out-group distinctions, racism and stereotyping. Using an online questionnaire to generate primarily quantitative data, this embedded mixed-methods study investigated 1 164 student teachers’ reasons for choosing to study at a mono-ethnic higher education institution. Their degree of ethnocentrism as well as their attitudes and beliefs about languages used for social and educational purposes were measured by the standardised Generalised Ethnocentrism and Language Attitudes of Teachers Scale. Key findings from the qualitative data indicated that student teachers chose to study at a particular institution because of a shared mono-ethnic social identity, which strongly relates to a common language (Afrikaans), culture (Afrikaner), religion (Christianity) and possible race (Caucasian). The quantitative data showed a statistically significant relationship between the student teachers’ degree of ethnocentrism and their attitudes and beliefs about language-in-education issues. Overall, in line with the social identity theory, findings pointed to the formation of social identities based on shared ethnic characteristics, such as language, culture, religion and race. The study provides a more comprehensive understanding of how ethnocentrism, social identities and particular perspectives of language-in-education issues exist on a continuum. Unchecked, such attitudes and beliefs may have far-reaching consequences for multilingual classroom practices, especially where English as the medium of instruction is the mother tongue of neither the learners nor the teacher.
Afrikaans: In Suid-Afrika het demokratiese transformasie die desegregasie van mono-etniese omgewings, soos skole en hoëronderwysinstellings, ingesluit. Dit het onder andere meegebring dat leerders en studente uit verskillende taal- en kultuuragtergronde saam in die leeromgewing verkeer. Moedertaalonderrig is ook veral tydens aanvangsonderrig aangemoedig. Tog het daar toenemend ŉ voorkeur vir Engels as onderrigmedium ontstaan, veral in meertalige stedelike gebiede. Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na die mate van etnosentrisme wat studenteonderwysers openbaar terwyl hulle by ŉ mono-etniese private hoëronderwysinstelling ingeskryf is. Hulle houdings en oortuigings met betrekking tot taalonderrigkwessies is ook vasgestel. Etnosentrisme, die neiging van individue om sterk met hul eie etnisiteit te identifiseer en dié van ander te verwerp, is geskoei op die sosiale identiteitsteorie met ‘n fokus op binnegroep-buitegroeponderskeid, rassisme en stereotipering. ŉ Aanlyn vraelys is gebruik om hoofsaaklik kwantitatiewe data te genereer wat verskaf is deur 1 164 studenteonderwysers. Sowel hulle graad van etnosentrisme as hul houdings en oortuigings oor tale wat vir sosiale en opvoedkundige doeleindes gebruik word, is gemeet aan die hand van die gestandardiseerde Generalised Ethnocentrism en Language Attitudes of Teachers skaal. Sleutelbevindinge uit die kwalitatiewe data dui aan dat studenteonderwysers verkies om aan ŉ spesifieke instelling te studeer waar ŉ gedeelde mono-etniese sosiale identiteit, wat sterk verband hou met ŉ gemeenskaplike taal (Afrikaans), kultuur (Afrikaner), godsdiens (Christendom) en moontlik ras (blank) heers. Die kwantitatiewe data het ŉ statisties beduidende verband getoon tussen die studenteonderwyseres se graad van etnosentrisme en hul houdings en oortuigings rakende taal-in-onderwyskwessies. Die bevindinge dui ook op die ontwikkeling van sosiale identiteite gebaseer op samehorigheidseienskappe soos taal, kultuur, godsdiens en ras. Die studie bied ŉ meer omvattende begrip van hoe etnosentrisme, sosiale identiteite en bepaalde perspektiewe van taal-in-onderwys-kwessies op ŉ kontinuum bestaan. As voornemende onderwysers nie bewus gemaak word van hulle sterk etnosentriese oortuigings nie, kan dit verreikende gevolge vir meertalige praktyke in die klaskamer inhou, veral waar Engels as onderrigmedium gebruik word, maar nie die moedertaal van die leerders of die onderwyser is nie.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Humanities Education
PhD
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Lindström, Caroline. "Teacher attitudes and motivation concerning target language use." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35514.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate how the actual implementation of target language use might differ from the theoretical standpoint that is promoted in the curriculum in Swedish and teacher attitudes towards the suggested level of TL use. The paper will also investigate teacher motivations behind these differences. It has long been the tradition in language teaching to promote a sole use of the target language in order to expose students to as much of the language as possible. However, research shows that student’s first language (L1) is frequently used in foreign language teaching. The current study is qualitative and investigates four English teachers from three different schools in the south of Sweden, all teaching in K-3. In order to collect data, observations were conducted and a semi-structured interview with each of the participating teachers. The results present a limited use of the target language and a more extensive use of the L1 in class. The results regarding teacher attitudes and motivations towards the use of the target language emerged into three themes: Teachers’ use of the TL and L1; Facilitating young language learners; and Teacher experience and awareness. The study implicates that teacher language choices are highly affected by students understanding and teachers’ own experience with attitudes reflecting inclusion of the L1 and an enjoyable learning environment as the main target.

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Au, Yeung Yin Yee Iris. "Language attitudes of Hong Kong youngsters towards Putonghua." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/116.

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Boualia, Sherazade. "Gender and ethnicity : language attitudes and use in an Algerian context /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1993. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11606447.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1993.
Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Jo Anne Kleifgen. Dissertation Committee: Clifford Hill. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-122).

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Schlebusch, Anne. "Non-racial schooling in selected Cape Town schools : language, attitudes and language learning." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17504.

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Bibliography: pages 111-118.
This study examines some elements of the language environment, language learning processes, and language inter-actions between child and teacher, and child and child in the changing South African education system. As more classrooms become non-racial, new dimensions are arising in language use and in learning: classrooms are perforce multilingual as different language groups come together to receive instruction through the medium of English. What dynamic do these multilingual elements bring to the standard classroom? I focus on part of the Standard Six population of 5 Western Cape English medium schools. The schools are different in many respects and similar in others; some have more Black pupils than others. By using a variety of research methods, including questionnaires, worksheets, personal observation, interviews and essays, I explore the experiences and attitudes of pupils, teachers and principals. My object is to try to identify trends: to look for positive features arising out of present classrooms and to look for possible points of tension as well, in order to extract central features to analyse. These are highlighted, and cross-referenced with relevant international studies, as matters of interest for practitioners in the classroom and for education planners. The field is immense: the study essentially provides a broad-based platform for further research. I tried not to have any preconceptions about what I would find, so made it a comprehensive and far-ranging study. It uncovers important elements which teachers and schools may attend to, relatively easily, indicates the importance of development of one's Mother Tongue and exposes deeply-felt emotions about Language and identity. It asks questions about Bridging Programmes and about the language of the teacher in the classroom and in testing. I also ask about the future of English in this country, about feelings about learning Afrikaans and about learning Xhosa. The main target in the recommendations is the teacher, as the generator of learning opportunities in the classroom. I call for more specific communication between teacher and pupil and the evolution of child-specific language learning processes. It is every teacher in every classroom who needs to adjust consciously to the new classroom profiles. Differing patterns clearly emerge from the schools with different intake profiles. This suggests the need for further studies to examine these findings for generalisability. The situation in schools is both volatile and exciting, calling for concrete and imaginative attention to aspects emerging from the personal, perceptive and wide-ranging input of the sample studied in this research project.

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Karlberg, Mimmi, and Jonathan Eriksson. "Teacher Experiences and Attitudes Towards First Language Use in Foreign or Second Language Teaching :." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-39861.

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This paper examines empirical studies regarding teachers’ and teacher-trainees’ perceptions toward the use of first language (L1) when teaching a second or foreign language. The presence of the students’ first language when teaching a foreign or second language has been a disputed topic in relation to different theoretical approaches. The aim of this study is to gain knowledge about this issue by answering the research question “What are teachers’ and teacher-trainees’ experiences and attitudes regarding L1 when teaching in the second or foreign language classroom?” The method used has been to review empirical studies from several different countries from the databases ERIC (Education Resource Education Center) and ERC (Education Research Complete). The overall results reveal that the majority of the participants had positive attitudes toward the use of L1. Additionally, there was an agreement about the need for some level of exposure to the target language (TL). Furthermore, it was shown that teachers saw the first language as something unavoidable and that it should not be seen as a hindrance when it comes to learning another language. However, there are some differences with regard to when it is appropriate to use the students’ L1. Our results agree with the field of research in general and is a small contribution to the discussion of how teachers’ beliefs may have an impact on their pedagogical decisions.

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Morris-Wilson, Ian. "Attitudes towards Finnish-accented English." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3464.

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The thesis opens with a discussion of what attitudes are, and develops with a review of studies of attitudes towards pronunciation error, attitudes towards foreign accents and perception of foreign-accented speakers. The empirical part of the thesis attempts to identify how native (British) and Finnish listeners of English react to and evaluate typical segmental features of mispronunciation in the English speech of Finnish men and women of various ages. Two experiments using modifications of the matched-guise technique were conducted, one to consider error evaluation and to establish a hierarchy of segmental mispronunciation, the other to examine speaker evaluation, the image of the speaker created by the mispronunciation. Recordings of Finnish-accented English were presented to male and female listeners of various ages, and reactions collected. Statistical analyses of the results were carried out and the following general conclusions were drawn: the English labiodental lenis fricative /v/ when mispronounced in the typical Finnish manner as a labiodental frictionless continuant [u] is not tolerated by native English listeners at all, though it is highly tolerated by Finnish-speaking listeners (and Swedish-speaking Finns) themselves; the degree of mispronunciation in Finnish-accented English seriously affects listeners' estimations of the speaker's age, bad mispronunciation prompting under-estimation of age and good pronunciation over-estimation; both Finnish-speaking listeners and English-speaking listeners have almost identical clear pre-set standards about what constitutes 'good' and 'bad' pronunciation; a Finnish speaker's phonemically 'better' and 'worse' pronunciation affects the image listeners have of the speaker, status/competence traits in particular being up-graded for better pronunciation, solidarity/benevolence traits remaining broadly unaffected, and Englishspeaking listeners generally being more positive towards the Finnish-accented speakers than compatriot Finns.

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Lammervo, Tiina. "Language and culture contact and attitudes among first generation Australian Finns /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.

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Andersson, Petter. "Language attitudes in the People’s Republic of China’s leading English-language newspaper, China Daily." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7329.

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Since time immemorial, various governments in China have attempted to promulgate writing reforms and speech reforms in order to unite the nation, mostly for political gain. The aim of this paper is to discover and analyze some language issues in the People’s Republic of China, specifically attitudes and comments on spoken usage of Putonghua (also called Modern Standard Chinese), Shanghai dialect, Cantonese and English by researching China Daily’s online newspaper article archive. A few valid articles could be retrieved and they uncovered that Putonghua, Shanghai dialect and Cantonese are all considered prestigious in different regions of the country; furthermore, English is gaining support rapidly, especially in corporate China.

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Carlson, Josefin. "Monolingual and Bilingual Pupils' Attitudes towards English Language Learning." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23278.

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This paper examines how the attitudes are towards the English education, in a school, among pupils in ninth, eighth, and sixth grade, and if monolingual and bilingual pupils feel that they have any advantages or disadvantages when learning English. This study also describes how teachers influence and establish attitudes among their pupils towards the English education.Both questionnaires and interviews were used in order to collect data valuable for the research questions. The results are thereafter discussed in relation to relevant background information, for example Gardner's (1991) theory about attitudes towards language learning and Ladberg's (1994) theory about second language learning and bilingualism.The results show that pupils' attitudes influence on the English education, that teachers' attitudes influence and establish pupils' attitudes towards the language learning, and that many of the bilingual pupils feel that they have advantages when learning English.

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Loulidi, Rafik. "Language contact and language conflict in Morocco : a survey of language use and attitudes among school bilingual learners." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284846.

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Archer, Erika. "Attitudes and practices regarding the generic masculine pronouns in Hong Kong." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19739850.

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Ng, Yuen-yee Cordia, and 伍婉儀. "What makes a 'good language teacher'?: teachers' and students' perceptions of 'good language teachers' inHong Kong Secondary Schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29758816.

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Stagova, Emine. "Teaching Strategies : Teachers’ views and attitudes towards reading problems." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1246.

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The aim with this study is to discuss teachers’ individual views and thoughts regarding working with pupils with reading problems in foreign language learning. The study is based on qualitative research and includes interviews with four working teachers at the upper secondary level at one school. The main focus is to illustrate strategies expressed by the teachers involved in this study concerning pupils and reading problems in foreign language learning. Some of the earlier studies done regarding this subject emphasize motivation as a good strategy to use in school in order to pay more attention to pupils and encourage them to do better. Furthermore, teachers should work with literature in a new way, thus making use of the new technology available such as computers and projectors. New technology would make education more appealing and allow pupils to be involved with literature in a new way, familiar to the pupils’ daily life activities.

This study is done accordingly to the approach of two theories, namely phenomenography and reader-response theory. This study does not aim to show any right or wrong strategies from the teachers, it only assumes to show their own thoughts and views regarding this issue. Hopefully this study would help and bring new ideas to forthcoming teachers about reading disabilities and teaching strategies.

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Umana, Beauty Friday Happy. "Nigerian Pidgin English in Cape Town: exploring speakers’ attitudes and use in diaspora." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/32098.

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Nigerian Pidgin English is widely spoken in different parts of the country and “has been called the native language of a substantial population of people in the Niger Delta, particularly in the Sapele and Warri areas” (Igboanusi, 2008: 68). According to Balogun (2012: 90), “Nigerian Pidgin English has emerged as the most widely spoken language of inter and intra communication among Nigerians and across diverse ethnic groups that do not share a common language”. The language plays a major role in youth culture and most Nigerians speak the language. There is a general belief by some Nigerians that Nigerian Pidgin English is a colloquial form of English that is mostly spoken by those whose Standard English proficiency has not fully developed (Agheyisi, 1971:30). The government has continued to ignore it “despite the fact that Nigerian Pidgin is in most respects the most logical choice for a national language [and] official attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin remain negative, perpetuating erroneous notions inherited from the colonial period that Nigerian Pidgin is some form of ‘broken English’” (Faraclas 1996: 18). Also, the general attitudes held by Nigerians regarding the language can be described as ambivalent with majority leaning towards the negative attitude more. This project investigated if the Nigerians who find themselves in a different geographical space like Cape Town still hold negative attitudes towards Pidgin English and whether they abstained from speaking the language or speak it freely. The study also sought to establish if those who may have held negative attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin English while in Nigeria now hold a different attitude since being in Cape Town. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods in form of online questionnaires and semi structured interviews involving 38 participants to investigate the uses of and attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin English. The findings revealed that the attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin English do not show significant difference from that held by Nigerians within Nigeria. The participants in this study held negative attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin English in formal domains and positive attitudes towards the language in informal domains. These same attitudes were obtainable among Nigerians living in Nigeria. The data analysis revealed that the Nigerians in this study use the language in their daily activities for different purposes. The hegemonic perspective on Pidgins being an informal language that can serve only informal purposes was also present among some of the Nigerians that formed part of this study. Although some thought that the language can go beyond informal domains, the majority thought otherwise. All the participants use Nigerian Pidgin English mainly to communicate with their friends, family members and other Nigerians they encounter despite living far away from home where other languages exist. Also, the analysis revealed that all the participants considered the language to be an important aspect of their Nigerian identity and togetherness in the diaspora. This indicates a significant difference between those in the diaspora and those in Nigeria, because those in the diaspora appreciate and think there is a greater need for Nigerian Pidgin English outside the country. The data suggested that the reason for this shift in attitude is because speaking the language bridges the gap between home and abroad.

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Zhang, Kun. "A sociolinguistic study of Mainland Chinese students in Macao : language choice, language attitudes, and identity." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2456332.

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Qu, Tong Fu. "Language choice, language attitudes and identity of the Korean-Chinese ethnic minority in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586633.

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Ip, Sook Kuen Joanna. "Language use and language attitudes of students in a bilingual immersion programme in Hong Kong." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2327/.

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A study was carried out to understand the language use and language attitudes of the Cantonese speaking Chinese students of a Hong Kong secondary school which used English as the medium of instruction. Questionnaires were administered and group interviews were conducted to collect the views of these students. Their views were considered and interpreted in the context of the school and the Hong Kong education system regarding the policy of the education medium. For these bilingual students, English is mostly used in the classrooms. Cantonese is used with friends and at home. They have positive attitudes towards the English language and they try to develop various strategies to cope with the difficulties in the English immersion programme. They are motivated to learn English because it is helpful to their studies and related to better career opportunities. The results show that this bilingual immersion programme can help students develop their self-esteem and learning strategy. Perhaps more students can be admitted to this kind of immersion programme in the future.

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Crew, Vernon. "English language proficiency and attitudes towards the English language of Hong Kong Chinese student teachers." Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241202.

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Neethling, Daphne Liezel. "Language attitudes and identity - influences on language use among two Coloured communities in Kensington-Factreton." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17938.

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Includes bibliographical references.
An attitude study which made use of a cross-sectional survey design, and which obtained the responses of 60 coloured respondents living in the Kensington-Factreton area, Western Cape, is reported on. The probability stratified random sample was equally representative in terms of class (working- and middle class), home language (Afrikaans and English), and gender. The study attempted to record recent language attitudes towards the varieties of Afrikaans and English, plus Xhosa, the influence of societal changes on language attitudes and how they, in turn, influence the use and role of these languages. In addition, the significance of identity formation, home language, class, and gender was investigated. The contextual and theoretical background to this study include: (a) the presentation of the language situation in South Africa in general; that of the English and Afrikaans languages in particular; and the language situation in the Western Cape; (b) a review of previous language attitude studies conducted in the Western Cape; (c) the presentation of a social psychological framework which allows for the evaluation of language attitudes along the two dimensions of social status and group solidarity; and (d) an explanation of the formation of a coloured political identity by means of a theoretical framework which was combined with historical facts.

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Nical, Iluminado C. "Language usage and language attitudes among education consumers : the experience of Filipinos in Australia and in three linguistic communities in the Philippines." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn582.pdf.

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Errata inserted facing t. p. Bibliography: leaves 406-457. A comparative investigation of language usage and language attitudes in relation to Filipino/Tagalog, Philippine languages other than Tagalog and English among senior high school students and their parents in two countries, the Philippines and Australia. The study provides an historical overview of the development of national language policies in Australia and in the Philippines, focussing on the way in which multiculturalism in Australia influenced language policies, and on the reasons for the adoption of the Bilingual Education Program in the Philippines.

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Musleh, Rana Yaser. "Language Learning Motivation: The Palestinian Context. Attitudes, Motivation, and Orientations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1676.

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Given that motivation is held to be a major affective variable influencing SLA, the present study examines L2 motivation among Palestinian students from the age of 12 to 18 years old. Considering the present situation in Palestine, the motives that drive learners to study a foreign language will certainly be affected by the context (culture and values) in which the learning takes place.

The present study involves the investigation of motivation towards learning English as a foreign language, in four different districts in the West Bank. The first research question in this thesis is an inquiry into language learning motivation and its underlying components among Palestinian learners of English in the context of Palestine. In the second research question, the investigation also looked into how these underlying constructs relate to each other and to achievement. The third research question was an inquiry into how six 'individual and context variables' impacted the motivational constructs identified. Data collection combined a structured questionnaire measuring learner attitudes towards English as well as L2 orientations and a set of semi-structured questions, which provided qualitative data. In this study the questionnaire used was adapted from Cid, Grañena and Tragant (2002), an instrument developed in the context of Catalonia with further modification based on an earlier pilot study (Musleh, 2006) conducted in Palestine.

First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done in order to see how items cluster together. Results revealed four constructs underlying motivation in learning English among Palestinian school children, two attitudinal factos (Motivation and Enjoyment and Awareness for Need) and two reasons for learning the English language (Instrumentality and Interaction with L2 people/culture). Then, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was run in order to confirm the constructs identified using EFA and lead to the development of a full structural model based on relationships in models specified by Tragant, Victori, and Thompson (2009) and Csizer and Dörnyei (2005). Finally, the specified model revealed of the SEM analysis (structural equation modeling) a good fit with strong positive relations between Instrumentality Interaction with L2 people/culture, InstrumentalityMotivation and Enjoyment, Motivation and Achievement, Awareness for Need Achievement, and Awareness for Need Instrumentality.

After the SEM analysis, a multivariate and univariate analysis of variance (MANOVA and ANOVA) were used to show the impact of variables such as student 'grade level', and 'academic level of the mother and father', 'district', 'type of school', and 'gender' on the motivational constructs proposed. Results revealed four significant differences: between 'grade level x 'gender and the father's x the mother's academic levels with Interaction with L2 people culturee, between 'district and Motivation and enjoyment, and 'type of school x 'father's academic level' and Instrumentality. This conforms to research findings in the field of language learning motivation which has shown that individual and demographic differences have an impact on attitudes towards learning an L2.

The findings are further reinforced by qualitative data, thus providing a richer representation of motivation for learning English and its components in the Palestinian context. In comparing this study to the study carried out by Tragant (2006) and Tragant, Victori, and Thompson (2009) results demonstrate that motivation and attitudes in learning the English language differs among students from Palestine and from Catalonia, due to the different roles the language plays in each context. Thus, confirming the proposition that context and culture greatly impact language learning attitudes and reasons for learning the English language.

KEYWORDS: Applied Linguistics, Motivation, Foreign language learning
Dado que la motivación es una variable afectiva que influencia la adquisición de una segunda lengua, este estudio analiza la motivación entre estudiantes palestinos (12-18 años). Si tenemos en consideración la situación actual en Palestina, los motivos que llevan a los estudiantes a estudiar una lengua extranjera seguro que se ven afectados por el contexto (cultura y valores) de aprendizaje.
El estudio se centra en la investigación de la motivación hacia el inglés como lengua extranjera en cuatro distritos del West Bank. La primera pregunta de investigación de esta tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio de los componentes de la motivación en estudiantes palestinos de inglés en el contexto de Palestina. En la segunda pregunta de investigación se analizan cómo estos componentes se relacionan entre sí y con un componente lingüístico. En la tercera pregunta de investigación se estudia el efecto de seis variables individuales y de contexto en los componentes motivacionales identificados. En la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado para medir las actitudes y orientaciones del estudiante de inglés, complementado con una serie de preguntas semiestructuradas, las cuales proporcionan datos cualitativos. El cuestionario se adaptó de Cid, Grañena y Tragant (2002), desarrolado en el contexto de Cataluña, con algunas modificaciones basadas en un estudio piloto (Musleh, 2006), realizado en Palestina.

En primer lugar, se sealizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para examinar la distribución de los ítems en factores. Los resultados mostraron cuatro constructos en el contexto de aprendizaje del inglés en las escuelas palestinas, dos factores actitudinales (Motivación y placer y Consciencia de necesidad) y dos motivos para el aprendizaje del inglés (Orientación instrumental y Orientación interactiva). En segundo lugar, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatoria para reafirmar los factores identificados y desarrollar un modelo estructural basado en los modelos especificados en Tragant, Victori, y Thompson (2009) y Csizer y Dörnyei (2005). Finalmente se especificó un modelo y se obtuvieron medidas adecuadas en el análisis de ecuación estructural realizado. El modelo muestra relaciones positivas entre la orientación instrumental y la interactiva, la orientación instrumental y motivación y placer, y motivación y placer y el componente lingüístico.
Posteriormente al análisis de ecuación estructural, se realizó un análisis de varianza multivariado y univariado (MANOVA y ANOVA) para estudiar el impacto de las variables 'curso', 'nivel académico' de la madre y el padre, 'distrito', 'tipo de escuela', y 'género' en los factores motivacionales del modelo propuesto. Los resultados mostraron cuatros diferencias significativas: entre 'curso x 'género' y el nivel académico' del padre x la madre con la Ontientación interactiva, entre 'distrito' y Motivación y placer, y entre 'tipo de escuela x 'nivel académico' del padre y Orientación intrumental. Estos resultados confirman que las diferencias individuales y demográficas son variables influyentes en las actitudes hacia el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. Los resultados obtenidos del análisis cualitativo complementan los resultados cuantitativos aportando una representación más rica de algunos aspectos sobre la motivación en el aprendizaje del inglés en Palestina. Al comparar este estudio con los resultados obtenidos en Tragant (2006) y Tragant, et al. (2009) se demuestra que la motivación y las actitudes en el aprendizaje del inglés tienen características distintivas en Palestina y Cataluña, debido al papel diferenciado que esta lengua juega en ambos contextos. Así pues, se confirma la proposición según la cual el contexto y los aspectos culturales juegan un papel importantísimo en las actitudes y las orientaciones hacia el aprendizaje del inglés.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Lingüística Aplicada, Motivación, Enseñanza de una lengua extranjera

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Shang, Yang Hui-Fen. "Vitality perceptions, language use and attitudes : southern Min in Taiwan." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367611.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Attitudes. Language'

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