Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Attosecondes'
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Mairesse, Yann. "Génération et caractérisation d'impulsions attosecondes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011620.
Full textEn transposant une technique d'interférométrie spectrale couramment utilisée pour la caractérisation complète d'impulsions infrarouges (SPIDER), nous effectuons une caractérisation complète monocoup du profil temporel d'harmoniques individuelles, à l'échelle femtoseconde.
Ensuite, nous étudions expérimentalement la structure attoseconde du rayonnement harmonique, et mettons en évidence une dérive temporelle dans l'émission : les harmoniques les plus faibles sont émises avant les plus élevées. Cette dérive, qui est directement liée à la dynamique électronique microscopique dans le processus de génération, limite la durée d'impulsion que l'on peut obtenir en augmentant la largeur spectrale. Nous présentons les résultats de l'optimisation des conditions de génération afin d'améliorer la synchronisation dans l'émission. Nous montrons également la possibilité de recomprimer les impulsions attosecondes.
Enfin, nous proposons une nouvelle technique pour la caractérisation complète d'impulsions attosecondes arbitraires : FROGCRAB. Elle permettrait une mesure simultanée des caractéristiques femtoseconde et attoseconde du rayonnement, et ainsi une connaissance complète de la source lumineuse attoseconde en vue de son utilisation dans des expériences d'applications.
Bourassin-Bouchet, Charles. "Optiques pour les impulsions attosecondes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657772.
Full textVincenti, Henri Paul. "Génération d'impulsions attosecondes sur miroir plasma relativiste." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00787281.
Full textVincenti, Henri. "Génération d'impulsions attosecondes sur miroir plasma relativiste." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/78/72/81/PDF/manuscrit.pdf.
Full textWhen an ultra intense femtosecond laser ($$I>10^{16}W. Cm^{-2}$$) with high contrast is focused on a solid target, the laser field at focus is high enough to completely ionize the target surface during the rising edge of the laser pulse and form a plasma. This plasma is so dense (the electron density is of the order of hundred times the critical density) that it completely reflects the incident laser beam in the specular direction: this is the so-called " plasma mirror ". When laser intensity becomes very high, the non-linear response of the plasma mirror to the laser field periodically deforms the incident electric field leading to high harmonic generation in the reflected beam. In the temporal domain this harmonic spectrum is associated to a train of attosecond pulses. The goals of my PhD were to get a better comprehension of the properties of harmonic beams produced on plasma mirrors and design new methods to control theses properties, notably in order to produce isolated attosecond pulses instead of trains. Initially, we imagined and modeled the first realistic technique to generate isolated attosecond on plasma mirrors. This brand new approach is based on a totally new physical effect: "the attosecond lighthouse effect". Its principle consists in sending the attosecond pulses of the train in different directions and selects one of these pulses by putting a slit in the far field. Despites its simplicity, this technique is very general and applies to any high harmonic generation mechanisms. Moreover, the attosecond lighthouse effect has many other applications (e. G in metrology). In particular, it paves the way to attosecond pump-probe experiments. Then, we studied the spatial properties of these harmonics, whose control and characterization are crucial if one wants to use this source in future application experiments. For instance, we need to control very precisely the harmonic beam divergence in order to achieve the attosecond lighthouse effect and get isolated attosecond pulses. At very high intensities, the plasma mirror dents and gets curved by the inhomogeneous radiation pressure of the laser field at focus. The plasma mirror surface thus acts as a curved surface, which focuses the harmonic beam in front of the target and fixes its spatial properties. We developed a fully analytical and predictive model for the surface deformation, thanks to which we are now able to calculate very easily the spatial properties of the generated harmonic beams. We validated this model through hundreds of 1D and 2D PIC simulations
Barreau, Lou. "Étude de dynamiques de photoionisation résonante à l'aide d'impulsions attosecondes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS511/document.
Full textIn this work, photoionzation of atomic and molecular species in the gas phase is investigated with high-harmonic radiation. In a first part, electronic dynamics in the autoionization process of rare gases in studied with electron interferometry. This method gives access to the spectral phase of the transition to the autoionizing state, and allows there construction of the entire autoionization dynamics. The ultrafast electronic dynamics, as well as the build-up of the celebrated asymmetric Fano profile, are observed experimentally for the first time. In a second part, photoionization of NO molecules in the molecular frame is used as a polarimeter to completeley characterize the polarization state of high-harmonics. In particular, this method can address the challenging disentanglement of the circular and unpolarized components of the light. The experimental results, completed by numerical simulations, allow defining optimal generation conditions of fully circularly-polarized harmonics for advanced studies of ultrafast dichroisms in matte
Haessler, Stefan. "Génération d'Impulsions Attosecondes dans les Atomes et les Molécules." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440190.
Full textClergerie, Alex. "Modélisation de spectroscopie moléculaire par paquets d'électrons attosecondes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0243.
Full textOn the basis of previous numerical simulations for atomic targets, we develop a model to describe high-orderharmonic generation in molecules subjected to short and intense laser pulses. In this process, anelectron wavepacket launched through ionization is driven by the field and comes back to the molecular ioniccore that it probes on the attosecond timescale. Our model, to which we refer to as molCTMC-QUEST,describes ionization and electron propagation into the continuum classically, in terms of electron trajectories, while photorecombination is described quantum mechanically. We present the methodology that wehave built, and we later apply it to harmonic generation in water molecules. After simulations in which themolecules remain frozen in their equilibrium geometry throughout the interaction, we explicitly take intoaccount nuclear vibration between ionization and recombination. molCTMC-QUEST provides a quantitativedescription of the generation process combined with an intuitive picture of the interaction inherent in theclassical description of electron dynamics
Bocoum, Maïmouna. "Harmonic and electron generation from laser-driven plasma mirrors." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX023/document.
Full textThe experimental work presented in this manuscript focuses on the non-linear response of plasma mirrors when driven by a sub-relativistic (~10^18 W/cm^2) ultra-short (~30fs) laser pulse. In particular, we studied the generation of attosecond pulses (1as=10^(-18) s) and electron beams from plasma mirror generated in controlled pump-probe experiment. One first important result exposed in this manuscript is the experimental observation of the anticorrelated emission behavior between high-order harmonics and electron beams with respect to plasma scale length. The second important result is the presentation of the « spatial domain interferometry » (SDI) diagnostic, developed during this PhD to measure the plasma expansion in vacuum. Finally, we will discuss the implementation of phase retrieval algorithms for both spatial and temporal phase reconstructions.From a more general point of view, we replace this PhD in its historical context. We hope to convince the reader that through laser-plasma mirror interaction schemes, we could tomorrow conceive cost-efficient X-UV and energetic electron sources with unprecedented temporal resolutions
Borot, Antonin. "Génération d'impulsions attosecondes sur miroir plasma à très haute cadence." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00787912.
Full textQuere, Fabien. "Impulsions attosecondes de lumière : caractérisation temporelle et sources de deuxième génération." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455370.
Full textZair, Amelle. "Production et caractérisation d'impulsions attosecondes VUV par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111726.
Full textAu CELIA, nous avons implémenté une technique de post-compression qui nous a permi de comprimer nos impulsions laser IR de 40 fs à 9 fs (1fs=10-15s). Ces impulsions sont ensuite utilisée pour confiner la HHG. Étant donné que le processus de HHG est efficace uniquement si les impulsions IR génératrices sont polarisées linéairement, nous avons créé une porte dans le profil temporel de nos impulsions sub-10fs où la polarisation est linéaire pendant une durée inferieure à la durée de l'impulsion IR génératrice. Ceci nous permet de confiner la HHG en dessous d'un demi-cycle optique IR. Cette technique de porte d'ellipticité, complètement caractérisée dans cette thèse, nous a permis de confiner la HHG jusqu'à l'émission d'une à deux impulsions attosecondes. Afin de caractériser le profil temporel du train d'impulsions attosecondes, nous avons également implémenté un interféromètre à deux couleurs qui nous a permit de mesurer la phase harmonique et de reconstruire nos trains d'impulsions attosecondes.
Kovačev, Milutin. "Rayonnement harmonique d'ordre élevé : génération d'impulsions attosecondes : applications de la cohérence." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112297.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is dedicated to the characterization and optimisation of the unique properties of high order harmonic generation in a rare gas: high brilliance, short pulse duration (femtosecond to attosecond, 1as = 10^(-18)s) and good mutual coherence. In the first part of this work, we concentrate on the exploitation of a scaling law using a high-energy laser loosely focused inside an extended gaseous medium. For the first time, the generated harmonic energy exceeds the 1mJ level per laser pulse m the 15th harmonic order at a wavelength of 53nm. The conversion efficiency reaches 4x10^(-5), which results from the combination of a strong dipolar response and a good phase matching within a generating volume that is extended by selfguiding of the generating laser pulse. In the second part, our interest is devoted to the temporal profile of the harmonic emission and its attosecond structure. We first demonstrate the feasibility of a spatial/spectral selection of the contributions associated to the two main electronic trajectories, allowing thereby the generation of regular attosecond pulse trains. We then characterize such an attosecond pulse train by the measurement of the relative phases of consecutive harmonics. Finally, we describe an original technique for the temporal confinement of the harmonic emission by manipulating the ellipticity of the generating laser beam. In the third part, our interest is dedicated to the mutual coherence properties of the harmonic emission. We first demonstrate the precise control of the relative phase of the harmonic pulses by multiple beam interference in the XUV. This frequency-domain interferometry using four phase-locked temporally separated pulses shows an extreme sensitivity to the relative phase of the pulses on an attosecond time scale. We then measure for the first time the first order autocorrelation trace of the harmonic beam thanks to the generation of two harmonic sources mutually coherent and spatially separated. We study the influence of the spatial separation between the harmonic sources on the measured interferograms. These studies provide a way towards Fourier transform spectroscopy in the XUV
Zaïr, Amelle. "Production et caractérisation d'impulsions attosecondes VUV par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13192.
Full textDubrouil, Antoine. "Post compression d'impulsions intenses ultra-brèves et mise en forme spatiale pour la génération d'impulsions attosecondes intenses." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669335.
Full textDiveki, Zsolt. "Generation and Application of Attosecond Pulses." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00722473.
Full textConstant, Éric. "Champs laser intenses ultracourts application à la mesure et création d'impulsions attosecondes et à l'imagerie de paquets d'ondes moléculaires par explosion coulombienne." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35765.pdf.
Full textConstant, Éric. "Champs laser intenses ultracourts : application à la mesure et création d'impulsions attosecondes et à l'imagerie de paquets d'ondes moléculaires par explosion coulombienne." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textRuf, Hartmut. "Dynamique moléculaire par imagerie attoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803390.
Full textChopineau, Ludovic. "Physique attoseconde relativiste sur miroirs plasmas." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS132/document.
Full textWhen an ultra-intense femtosecond laser beam [Iʟ > 10¹⁶ W/cm²] is focused on a solid target, the surface becomes completely ionized during the first optical cycles of the laser pulse. Due to their solid-like density and to their limited expansion into the vacuum such plasmas specularly reflect these pulses, just like ordinary mirrors do for low intensity. These plasmas are now used in many scientific applications like particle acceleration by laser light as well as high-order harmonic generation, associated to a train of attosecond pulses in the time domain. Nevertheless, to favor these emissions of light or particle, the energy transfert between the incident field and the dense plasma is crucial. The aim of this thesis is to better understand these interactions through the characterization of high-order harmonics and relativistic electron beams generated on plasma mirrors. We reported in this manuscript the first detailed experimental and numerical study of the coupling mechanisms involved between an ultra-intense laser light [Iʟ > 10¹⁸ W/cm²] and a dense plasma, and more specifically as a function of the gradient scale length Lg. These results enabled to identify two different regimes, clarifying some physical issues. Furthermore, beyond these fondamental aspects, the control of these sources is essential, particularly for futures pump-probe experiments or new spectroscopies. For that, several approaches have been studied to temporally and spatially shape these ultra-short light pulses, thus opening up new perspectives for these sources. We demonstrate in particular the generation of intense XUV vortex beam either by spatially shaping the incident IR field or the dense plasma created at the target surface as well as controlling the electron dynamics on the attosecond time scale with relativistic two-color waveforms. Finally, an innovative method based on in-situ ptychographic measurements has been developed to simultaneously characterize in time and space these ultrashort XUV light pulses, constituting one of the major challenges of the community
Quintard, Ludovic. "Caractérisation et contrôle des profils spatiaux, spectraux et temporels de faisceaux XUV obtenus par génération d’harmoniques d’ordres élevés dans des gaz." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0641/document.
Full textWe present our work on the control of high order harmonic generation in gases.We first show how, by generating the harmonics outside the focus of the IR beam,it is possible to control the spatial phase of the harmonics in the generating mediumallowing to obtain a divergent, collimated or convergent wavefront. With this methodwe show that it is possible to focus the harmonics up to six Rayleigh length after thefocal point of the IR beam. Then we study XUV harmonic beams presenting structuredspacio-spectral distributions in the far field. In this study, we observe the influence ofthe diameter of an iris positioned before the focusing of the IR. In a third step we studymethods for controlling the harmonic spectrum. First, we finely control the harmonicscentral wavelength by modifiying the spectral content of the IR by adding two delayedIR pulses. Then we used the collective effects of the high order harmonic generationin order to foster a specific harmonic or a group of harmonics in the far field. Finally,we present a method for characterizing the duration of attosecond pulses in the timedomain. This method, called ionization ladder, uses ionization as a probe to measurepulse duration of up to hundreds of attosecond
Hort, Ondřej. "High harmonic generation with high energy femtosecond pulses." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0097/document.
Full textWe present our work on high harmonic generation with TW femtosecond pulses. We performed HHG with high energy femtosecond pulses and characterize the generated XUV emission spatially and spectrally at the single-shot basis and we observed many structures in spatially resolved XUV spectra in the far field. Those structures are very robust and reproducible and have been observed in many different gases and generation geometries. Without spatial and spectral characterization on the single-shot basis the structures are not visible. We developed simple simulations to identify those structures and we observed similar structures as experimentally. We identified them as a result of spatial coherence of the XUV source and the diffraction to the far field. In the near field, the harmonic amplitude and phase are spatially and temporally dependent and their profiles are strongly modulated. Such modulated profiles diffract to structured spatially resolved spectra in the far field. We observed that propagation of the XUV in the generating medium has little influence on the structures. We demonstrate spatial shaping of the driving pulses via adaptive optics and their advantage for HHG. An adaptive optics allows us to have the driving beam of regular spatial profile and phase even out of focus. Such a beam is used for HHG with a large diameter driving beam and control of the XUV beam is demonstrated. We developed a high energy TW post-compression technique and we obtained pulses of 10 fs and 10 mJ in a quasi-Gaussian spatial profile. The technique is based on ionization-inducedself-phase-modulation and is compatible with high energy TW level pulses. We performed HHG with such TW pulses and obtained XUV quasi-continuum spectra with spectral and spatial structures. We performed simple simulations and SFAsimulations and we observed similar structures even without considering the XUV propagation in the medium
Monchocé, Sylvain. "Contrôle et métrologie de la génération d'harmoniques sur miroir plasma." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112344.
Full textWhen an ultra intense femtosecond laser with high contrast is focused on a solid target, the laser field at focus is sufficient enough to completely ionize the target surface during the rising edge of the laser pulse and form a plasma. This dense plasma entirely reflects the incident beam in the specular direction: this is a so-called plasma mirror. As the interaction between the laser and the plasma mirror is highly non-linear, it thus leads to the high harmonic generation (HHG) in the reflected beam. In the temporal domain, this harmonic spectrum is associated to a train of attosecond pulses.The aim of my PhD were to experimentally control this HHG and to measure the properties of the harmonics. We first studied the optimization of the harmonic signal, and then the spatial characterization of the harmonic beam in the far-field (harmonic divergence). These characterizations are not only important to develop an intense XUV/attosecond light source, but also to get a better understanding of the laser-matter interaction at very high intensity. We have thus been able to get crucial information of the electrons and ions dynamics of the plasma, showing that the harmonics can also be used as a diagnostic of the laser-plasma interaction.We then developed a new general approach for optically-controlled spatial structuring of overdense plasmas generated at the surface of initially plain solid targets. We demonstrate it experimentally by creating sinusoidal plasma gratings of adjustable spatial periodicity and depth, and study the interaction of these transient structures with an ultraintense laser pulse to establish their usability atrelativistically high intensities. We then show how these gratings can be used as a `spatial ruler' to determine the source size of the high-order harmonic beams roduced at the surface of an overdense plasma. These results open new directions both for the metrology of laser-plasma interactions and the emerging field of ultrahigh intensity plasmonics
Böhle, Frederik. "Near-single-cycle laser for driving relativistic plasma mirrors at kHz repetition rate - development and application." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX116/document.
Full textVery short light pulses allow us to resolve ultrafast processes in molecules, atoms and condensed matter. This started with the advent of Femtochemistry, for which Ahmed Zewail received the Novel Prize in Chemistry in 1999. Ever since, researcher have been trying to push the temporal resolution further and we have now reached attosecond pulse durations. Their generation, however, remains very challenging and various different generation mechanisms are the topic of heated research around the world.Our group focuses on attosecond pulse generation and ultrashort electron bunch acceleration on solid targets. In particular, this thesis deals with the upgrade of a high intensity, high contrast, kHz, femtosecond laser chain to reach the relativistic interaction regime on solid targets. Few cycle driving laser pulses should allow the generation of intense isolated attosecond pulses. A requirement to perform true attosecond pump-probe exeriments.To achive this, a HCF postcompression scheme has been conceived and implemented to shorten the duration of a traditional laser amplifier. With this a peak intensity of 1TW was achieved with near-single-cycle pulse duration. For controlled experiments, a vacuum beamline was developed and implemented to accurately control the laser and plasma conditions on target.During the second part of this thesis, this laser chain was put in action to drive relativistic harmonic generation on solid targets. It was the first time ever that this has been achieved at 1 kHz. By CEP gating the few-cycle-pulses, single attosecond pulses were generated. This conclusion has been supported by numerical simulations. Additionally a new regime to accelerate electron bunches on soft gradients has been detected
Barillot, Thomas. "Propriétés statiques et dynamiques électroniques ultrarapides dans les molécules carbonées, du régime linéaire au non-linéaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10156/document.
Full textThe works presented in this thesis are part of project MUSES (MUltiscale Electron Spectroscopy) which consist in a combined experimental and theoretical approach on the study of electronic dynamics in molecules over a large time range. They concentrate particularly on electrons dynamics in carbonates molecules at the femtosecond and attosecond timescales. In order to understand processes occurring in those complex systems, it is necessary to study them in linear excitation regime as well as non linear one. Indeed, many electron dynamics theoretical models, valid in case of atoms or diatomic systems collapse in the case of polyatomic molecules. Moreover, the access to ultrafast light sources now allows to probe multielectronic processes and confront experimental results to theoretical calculations. Model systems C60, PAHs (Naphtalene, Anthracene and Pyrene) as well as DNA/RNA bases (pyrimidic bases Cytosine, Thymine, Uracile) have been the principal objects of study in that purpose. Experiments have been done in angularly resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ionisation products mass spectroscopy, under XUV (10-30 eV) weak field synchrotron excitation, intense near infrared (I 1013 W/cm2) excitation as well as on a pump-probe XUV-IR laser beamline that give access to a hundred attosecond time resolution. With help of those tools, we evidenced and modeled the influence of the surface plasmon resonance of C60 at 20 eV in its photoionization dynamics at the attosecond timescale. We identified the population of Rydberg states during multiphoton ionisation of DNA/RNA bases similar for all the bases. This constraints theoretical models about non linear response of complex system under those excitation conditions. Finally we have been able to observe non adiabatic dynamics (electrons-nucleus couplings at a few tens of femtoseconds timescale) that appear consecutively of multielectronic excitation and ionization processes (shake-up mechanism)
Thaury, Cédric. "Génération d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés sur miroir plasma." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335261.
Full textAu cours de cette thèse, nous avons prouvé que lorsque l'éclairement laser est de l'ordre de $10^{19}Wcm^{-2}$, deux mécanismes peuvent contribuer à la génération d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés sur miroir plasma : l'émission cohérente de sillage et l'émission relativiste. Ces deux mécanismes ont été étudiés à la fois théoriquement et expérimentalement.
Nous avons ainsi montré que, grâce à des propriétés très différentes, les harmoniques générées par ces deux processus peuvent être distinguées expérimentalement, sans ambiguïté. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux propriétés de phase spectrales et spatiales des harmoniques. Enfin, nous avons illustré comment exploiter la cohérence des mécanismes de génération pour obtenir des informations sur la dynamique électronique du plasma.
Foumouo, Emmanuel. "Problème coulombien à trois corps en champ haute fréquence : application à l'étude de l'ionisation double à deux photons de l'hélium." Université catholique de Louvain, 2008. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-02172008-222015/.
Full textGéneaux, Romain. "Le moment angulaire de la lumière en génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS474/document.
Full textAngular momentum is an ubiquitous quantity in all areas of physics. Just like matter, radiation carries angular momentum. It can be decomposed in two parts, namely the spin angular momentum (SAM) and the orbital angular momentum (OAM). Each one of these components has very specific properties and lead to numerous applications using visible and infrared light. In this thesis, we study the behavior of these two types of light angular momentum in a very non-linear process called high harmonic generation (HHG). In this physical process known since 1987, an intense infrared laser is focused into an atomic or molecular gas jet, which in the right intensity regime allows to generate a radiation which has a short wavelength (extreme ultraviolet domain) and is extremely brief (attosecond, 1 as = 10⁻¹⁸ s).We begin by describing theoretically this process, as well as defining in depth the notion of light angular momentum. We then study HHG from an infrared laser carrying OAM. This allows to obtain an unique light source, generating ultrashort light pulses of controlled orbital angular momentum with a wavelength of the order of 10 nm. We then study GHOE from beams carrying MAS. Using a resonance from the generation gas, we manage to transfer this angular momentum to the emitted extreme ultraviolet radiation. This radiation is finally used to measure photoionisation circular dichroisms in chiral molecules, measurements previously restricted to synchrotron sources. This paves the way towards chiroptic time resolved measurement on a femto/attosecond timescale
Alexandridi, Christina-Anastasia. "Attosecond spectroscopy : study of the photoionization dynamics of atomic gases close to resonances." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS571/document.
Full textThe interaction of intense laser pulses with atomic and molecular gases results in exceptionally short bursts of XUV light, through the process of high-order harmonic generation of the fundamental laser frequency. This ultrashort radiation, in the attosecond (10⁻¹⁸ s) range, allows detailed investigations of ultrafast electron dynamics in matter. The work of this thesis consists in studying the photoionization delays close to different types of resonances, using the Rainbow RABBIT technique. This is a two-color interferometric technique (XUV + IR) that allows access to the time required for the electron to escape the atomic potential with high resolution. We are particularly interested in two cases: i) autoionizing resonances which are spectrally narrow (tens of meV) and ii) Cooper-type minima which have a spectral width of some eV. The effect of these continuum structures on the corresponding ionization dynamics is studied
Gruson, Vincent. "Polarimétrie harmonique et spectroscopie de photoionisation attoseconde." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS227/document.
Full textAttosecond physics is an expending field, intrinsically linked to the High Harmonic Generation process. This emission, which can be either an attosecond pulse train or an isolated attosecond pulse, constitutes a light source in the extreme-UV (XUV) spectral domain, coherent, perfectly synchronous of the generating field. Two thematic have been studied. The first one consists in the complete characterization of the harmonic emission through Molecular Polarimetry, in collaboration with ISMO-Orsay. This technique is based on the measurement of the Molecular Frame PhotoElectron Angular Distribution, during the dissociative ionization of NO molecules. We applied this technique to three configurations producing an elliptically polarized light. For the first time, we obtain the absolute value of the ellipticity, its sign and the depolarization rate. The second topic is the resonant attosecond photoionization: we studied the photoionization of helium, close to the 2s2p autoionization resonance at 60.15 eV, excited by a tunable XUV pulse and probed by an IR pulse, using RABBIT technique, enabling the measurement of the spectral amplitude and phase of the two photons resonant transition. From this, we can reconstruct the two-photons electron wave packets (EWP). These measurements have been completed by simulations done by our collaborator from UAM-Madrid and LCPMR-Paris, showing that, in our experimental conditions, this two photons EWP corresponds to the image of the one-photon EWP. This measurement is the first reconstruction of the temporal dynamic of a resonance non-perturbed by a laser field, with an attosecond resolution
Berman, Simon. "Classical mechanisms of recollision and high harmonic generation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0494/document.
Full textThirty years after the demonstration of the production of high laser harmonics through nonlinear laser-gas interaction, high harmonic generation (HHG) is being used to probe molecular dynamics in real time and is realizing its technological potential as a tabletop source of attosecond pulses in the XUV to soft X-ray range. Despite experimental progress, theoretical efforts have been stymied by the excessive computational cost of first-principles simulations and the difficulty of systematically deriving reduced models for the non-perturbative, multiscale interaction of an intense laser pulse with a macroscopic gas of atoms. In this thesis, we investigate first-principles reduced models for HHG using classical mechanics. Using nonlinear dynamics, we elucidate the indispensable role played by the ionic potential during recollisions in the strong-field limit. Then, borrowing a technique from plasma physics, we systematically derive a hierarchy of reduced Hamiltonian models for the self-consistent interaction between the laser and the atoms during pulse propagation. The reduced models can accommodate either classical or quantum electron dynamics. We build a classical model which agrees quantitatively with the quantum model for the propagation of the dominant components of the laser field. In a simplified geometry, we show that the anomalously high frequency radiation seen in simulations results from the delicate interplay between electron trapping and higher energy recollisions brought on by propagation effects
Fieß, Markus. "Advancing attosecond metrology." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-119134.
Full textGagnon, Justin. "Attosecond Electron Spectroscopy." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-125375.
Full textEckle, Petrissa Roberta. "Attosecond angular streaking /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18118.
Full textLupetti, Mattia. "Plasmonic generation of attosecond pulses and attosecond imaging of surface plasmons." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-183678.
Full textAttosekundenpulse sind ultrakurze extrem-ultraviolette (XUV) Pulse, die durch einen nicht-linearen, von einer nah-infraroten (NIR) Laserquelle stimulierten Anregungsprozess erzeugt werden. Attosekundenpulse können verwendet werden, um die Elektronendynamik eines ultraschnellen Prozesses durch die ``Attosecond Streaking'' Technik zu messen, mit einer Auflösung auf der Attosekundenskala. In dieser Dissertation wird gezeigt, dass sowohl die Erzeugung von Attosekundenpulsen als auch die Messung ultraschneller Prozesse mittels Attosekundenpulse auf Fälle erweitert werden können, bei denen die Anregungs- und Streakingsfelder von Oberflächenplasmonen generiert werden, welche bei nahinfraroten Wellenlängen auf Nanostrukturen angeregt werden. Oberflächenplasmonen sind optische Moden, die aus einer kollektiven Schwingung der Elektronen an der Oberfläche in Resonanz mit einer externen Quelle entstehen. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Dissertation wird das Konzept der High Harmonic Generation (HHG) in plasmonisch erhöhten Feldern durch numerische Simulationen analysiert. Ein NIR Puls wird mit einem Oberflächenplasmon, das sich in einem konischen, mit Edelgas gefüllten, Hohlleiter ausbreitet, gekoppelt. Die Intensität des plasmonischen Feldes steigt mit der Verringerung des Durchmessers des Hohlleiters, sodass die Felderhöhung an seiner Spitze groß genug wird, um hohe harmonische Strahlung zu generieren. Es wird nachgewiesen, dass die Herstellung von isolierten Attosekundenpulsen mit außergewöhnlichen Zeit- und Raumstrukturen möglich ist. Trotzdem ist deren Intensität um mehrere Größenordnungen niedriger als die, die in Experimenten mit fokussierten Laserpulsen erreicht werden kann. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird eine experimentelle Technik für die Abbildung plasmonischer Oberflächenanregungen vorgeschlagen, wobei Attosekundenpulse verwendet werden, um das Feld an der Oberfläche mittels ``Momentum Streaking'' der photoionisierten Elektronen zu messen. Dieses Konzept ist eine Erweiterung der ``Attosecond Streak Camera'', welches ich ``Attosecond Photoscopy'' nenne. Es ermöglicht die Abbildung eines Plasmons in Zeit und Raum während des Anregungsprozesses. Anhand von numerischen Simulationen wird es gezeigt, dass die wesentlichen Parameter des plasmonischen Resonanzaufbaus mit subfemtosekunden-Präzision bestimmt werden können. Zuletzt wird die Methode für die numerische Lösung der Maxwell-Gleichungen diskutiert, mit Fokus auf das Problem der absorbierenden Randbedingungen. Neue Einsichten in die mathematische Formulierung der Randbedingungen der Maxwell-Gleichungen werden vorgestellt.
Flögel, Martin [Verfasser]. "Raising the XUV Intensity towards Attosecond-Attosecond Pump-Probe Experiments / Martin Flögel." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133492347/34.
Full textWirth, Adrian. "Attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-140120.
Full textDesrier, Antoine. "Dynamique ultrarapide corrélée : théorie, simulations et interprétations d'expériences de spectroscopie "attoseconde"." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS494.
Full textThe main topic of this thesis is the subfemtosecond study of correlations during the photoionisation dynamics of atoms and molecules. First, we observe vibronic correlations on asymmetric ionisation of diatomic molecules. Solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation numerically, we are able to highlight the influence of photoelectron-nuclei energy exchange on such processes. Moreover, we have developped a stationary approach enabling to retrieve those results, and to define a specific optimal geometry for each vibrational channel. Such an approach is tested for various model molecules, involving charge or mass asymmetry. We finally compare and establish the link between two-photons interferometric measurement simulations to one-photon results. Besides, we also study the photoionisation dynamics through a Fano resonance, using a multichannel model developped for this work. The time-dependent built-up of the photoelectron spectrum enables us to validate experimental interpretations conjectured in CEA Saclay group. We show how robust is this conjecture, et go further into details by highlighting the influence of probe pulse on the dynamics
Chirla, Razvan Cristian. "Attosecond Pulse Generation and Characterization." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313429461.
Full textHageman, Stephen James. "Complex Attosecond Transient-absorption Spectroscopy." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1608050018545904.
Full textCamper, Antoine. "Spectroscopie de phase multi-dimensionnelle de l'émission attoseconde moléculaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112024/document.
Full textWhen a low-frequency laser pulse is focused to a high intensity into a gas, the electric field of the laser light may become of comparable strength to that felt by the electrons bound in an atom or molecule. A valence electron can then be 'freed' by tunnel ionization, accelerated by the strong oscillating laser field and can eventually recollide and recombine with the ion. The gained kinetic energy is then released as a burst of coherent XUV light which is spectrally organized as harmonics of the fundamental driving field frequency.In high-harmonic molecular spectroscopy, the recombining electron wave-packet probes the structure of the molecule and the dynamics occurring in the ion left after tunnel ionization. The XUV burst is imprinted with this information which can be retrieved through an accurate characterization of the amplitude, phase and polarization of the harmonics. In the case of small molecules as nitrogen and carbon dioxide, impulsive alignment allows to change the direction of recombination of the electron wave-packet with respect to the molecular axis. The XUV burst from the molecular sample should then be characterized both along the spectral dimension and the alignment angle one, and this for the two polarization components. In this report, we present a new experimental scheme to perform two-source interferometry to measure the phase of the emission in aligned molecules along the alignment angle dimension. We how a refined spatio-spectral analysis of the fringe patterns obtained with this very stable interferometer allows one to extend high-harmonic spectroscopy from short to long trajectories. We then show how the combination of this setup together with RABBIT gives access to a bidimensionnal (spectrum and alignment angle) phase map with no arbitrary constant. Finally comparing two-source interferometry with transient grating spectroscopy leads to inconsistent results that can be interpreted taking into consideration polarization effects
Kiesewetter, Dietrich. "Dynamics of Near-Threshold, Attosecond Electron Wavepackets in Strong Laser Fields." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1544447128975478.
Full textSchapper, Florian. "Attosecond structure of high-order harmonics." Konstanz Hartung-Gorre, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000540448/04.
Full textWu, Yi. "High flux isolated attosecond pulse generation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6038.
Full textPh.D.
Doctorate
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics
Wu, Xiuyu. "Optimization of Intense Attosecond XUV Pulses." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165569.
Full textComby, Antoine. "Dynamiques ultrarapides de molécules chirales en phase gazeuse." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0230/document.
Full textChirality is a geometric property that characterizes objects that cannot be superposed on their mirror image. Our hands are an emblematic example of this, since they exist in two different forms, right and left. While chirality is observed at all scales in the universe, it plays a particularly important role in chemistry. A chiral molecule and its mirror image can react differently with their environment and be therapeutic or toxic. These effects obviously have immense repercussions on the animal and plant kingdom. It then becomes clear that it is essential to study precisely the dynamics of chiral chemical reactions.In this thesis, we studied the ultrafast dynamics of chiral molecules by laser sources of femtosecond duration ($10^{-15}$ s). Molecular chirality is generally difficult to detect, so we have used a recent technique, circular photoelectron dichroism (PECD), to generate a very important chiral signal. We have thus observed ultrafast molecular dynamics at the attosecond scale ($10^{-18}$ s), and highlighted relaxation and ionization dynamics never observed before.In parallel to these time-resolved studies, we have developed several experiments using a new high repetition rate, high mean power Yb fiber laser. We have developed a new method, by extending the PECD, that has allowed us to measure the composition of chiral samples quickly and accurately. Finally, we have developed an ultra-short XUV beamline with very high brightness ($sim 2$ mW). This source, coupled with a photoelectron and photoion coincidence detector, will be used to study chiral recognition mechanisms
Platzer, Dominique. "Spectroscopie de photoionisation d’atomes et molécules en phase gazeuse aux échelles de temps femtoseconde et attoseconde." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP088.
Full textIn this work are studied atomic and molecular systems in the gas phase using time-resolved electron pump-probe spectroscopy on the femtosecond (1 fs = 10⁻¹⁵ s) and attosecond (1 as = 10⁻¹⁸ s) timescales on the SE1 beamline of the ATTOLab platform. First, the femtosecond dissociation of methyl iodide following the absorption of one UV photon was investigated by Auger spectroscopy and multiphoton ionization (ATI-IR). In the latter case, a relaxation dynamic with 75 fs caracteristic time was evidenced for the part of the nuclear wavepacket confined to small internuclear distances. Second, the attosecond ionization dynamics of argon were studied over a large spectral range including Cooper minima. This study required: (i) a coherent light source in the extreme ultra-violet (photon energy in the 10-100 eV range) based on high harmonic generation and producing attosecond pulse trains, and (ii) an electron interferometry technique giving access to the spectral phase of the photoemitted wavepackets. The latter are used to extract the attosecond photoemission time delays that can be interpreted as the time necessary for the electron to escape from the atomic potential. Strong variations of the time delays were observed between the 3s and 3p valence shells, revealing important electronic correlation effects, like the presence of shake-up ionization channels. To be able to reconstruct the complete movie of the photoionization process, one needs to add spatial information to the spectral/temporal measurements. Two-photon resonant ionization of helium through the 1s3p state was then studied, using a velocity-map imaging (VMI) spectrometer instead of the angularly-integrating magnetic-bottle electron spectrometer used in the previous studies. An extremely fast spectral phase shift was measured, quite homogeneously up to 45° emission angles, thus giving a more complete view of the process. Finally, a new VMI spectrometer was designed, built and installed on the beamline. Its main specifications (energy range and resolution) were optimized for attosecond spectroscopy, mainly through the development of a new electrostatic lens
Wang, He. "From few-cycle femtosecond pulse to single attosecond pulse-controlling and tracking electron dynamics with attosecond precision." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4393.
Full textDepartment of Physics
Zenghu Chang
The few-cycle femtosecond laser pulse has proved itself to be a powerful tool for controlling the electron dynamics inside atoms and molecules. By applying such few-cycle pulses as a driving field, single isolated attosecond pulses can be produced through the high-order harmonic generation process, which provide a novel tool for capturing the real time electron motion. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the state of the art few-cycle near infrared (NIR) laser pulse development, which includes absolute phase control (carrier-envelope phase stabilization), amplitude control (power stabilization), and relative phase control (pulse compression and shaping). Then the double optical gating (DOG) method for generating single attosecond pulses and the attosecond streaking experiment for characterizing such pulses are presented. Various experimental limitations in the attosecond streaking measurement are illustrated through simulation. Finally by using the single attosecond pulses generated by DOG, an attosecond transient absorption experiment is performed to study the autoionization process of argon. When the delay between a few-cycle NIR pulse and a single attosecond XUV pulse is scanned, the Fano resonance shapes of the argon autoionizing states are modified by the NIR pulse, which shows the direct observation and control of electron-electron correlation in the temporal domain.
Soane, Alexander (Alexander Visotsky). "An apparatus for frequency resolved optical gating of attoseconds pulses." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64594.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97).
I report on the design and construction of an apparatus for frequency resolved optical gating of attosecond pulses. Frequency resolved optical gating is the state-of-the-art technique for measuring the temporal profile of attosecond optical pulses. In this thesis, I discuss the operation of the apparatus in the context of the theoretical background, numerical algorithms, and engineering design features of the experimental system. This thesis contains detailed explanations of the various design goals and decisions that are necessary to understand in order to successfully operate the system.
by Alexander Visotsky Soane.
S.M.
Hassan, Mohammed. "Synthesis and control of attosecond light transients." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-161230.
Full textChini, Michael. "Characterization and Application of Isolated Attosecond Pulses." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5163.
Full textPh.D.
Doctorate
Physics
Sciences
Physics