Academic literature on the topic 'Attractive characteristics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Attractive characteristics"

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Post, Richard F., and Dmitri D. Ryutov. "Attractive Characteristics of Mirrors." Fusion Technology 27, no. 3T (April 1995): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst95-a11947055.

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Kawase, Yoshihiro, Yoshihiro Murai, and Shokichi Ito. "Analysis of attractive force characteristics of single-phase AC electromagnet." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 109, no. 7 (1989): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.109.500.

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Elbeih, Ahmed, Tamer Wafy, and Tamer Elshenawy. "Performance and Detonation Characteristics of Polyurethane Matrix Bonded Attractive Nitramines." Central European Journal of Energetic Materials 14, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22211/cejem/64899.

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Kawase, Yoshihiro, Yoshihiro Murai, and Shokichi Ito. "Analysis of attractive force characteristics of single-phase ac electromagnet." Electrical Engineering in Japan 109, no. 6 (November 1989): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.4391090605.

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Sforza, Chiarella, Alberto Laino, Raoul D'Alessio, Gaia Grandi, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, and Virgilio Ferruccio Ferrario. "Soft-Tissue Facial Characteristics of Attractive and Normal Adolescent Boys and Girls." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 5 (September 1, 2008): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/091207-431.1.

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Abstract Objectives: To identify possible esthetic canons in facial size and shape of Italian adolescent boys and girls. Materials and Methods: The three-dimensional coordinates of 50 facial landmarks (forehead, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, jaw, ears) were collected in 231 healthy, reference adolescents (10– 17 years old) and in 93 similar age group “attractive” adolescents selected by a commercial casting organization. Soft-tissue facial angles, distances, areas, and volumes were computed. Comparisons were made with analysis of variance. Results: Attractive adolescents had wider, shorter, and less deep faces than reference adolescents, with a relatively larger forehead and maxilla, and a reduced mandible relative to the maxilla. Lips were larger and more prominent, and the nasolabial angle was reduced, but in older boys the effect was reversed. The prominence of the soft-tissue profile, and of the maxilla relative to the mandible, were larger in attractive boys, but smaller in attractive girls than in their reference peers. In the horizontal plane, attractive “young” adolescents had a flatter face, while the opposite pattern was observed in the “old” adolescents, with a relatively more prominent chin. Attractive adolescents had smaller noses than reference subjects of the same age and sex. Conclusions: Overall, all the measurements appeared sufficiently homogenous, and the quantitative characteristics of an “attractive” face well defined. Esthetic reference values can be used to determine optimal timing and goals in orthodontic treatment.
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Pedersen, Elaine L., Nancy L. Markee, and Carol J. Salusso. "Gender Differences in Characteristics Reported to Be Important Features of Physical Attractiveness." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 3_suppl (December 1994): 1539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1539.

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The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether characteristics of physical attractiveness named by respondents as important would differ from those attributes previously examined by researchers. Gender differences related to the identification of important characteristics of physical attractiveness were also explored. Subjects, 230 male and 240 female undergraduates at two western state universities, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents agreed that body build was the characteristic of greatest importance for both physically attractive males and females. Other important characteristics for physically attractive males were eyes, face, height, and hair and for females, hair, face, and eyes. Other than body build, there was no consistent ranking of characteristics by male and female respondents.
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Choi, Jae Seok, Jeong Hoon Yoo, Sang Joon Hong, Tae Hyun Kim, and Sung Jin Lee. "Physical Modeling and Characteristics of a Johnsen-Rahbek Type Electrostatic Chuck." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1221.

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Generally, a Johnsen-Rahbek (J-R) type electrostatic chuck (ESC) generates higher attractive force than a Coulomb type ESC. Attractive force in a J-R type ESC is caused by the high electrical resistance that occurs in the contact region between an object plate and a dielectric layer. This research tries the simple geometrical modeling of the contact surface and simulates the contact resistance, the attractive force and the response time according to the variation of contact surface shape. In the latter half of this research, the simulation for a pin-combined chuck is accomplished using a similar surface modeling and the comparison between the pin chuck and the general flat chuck is made in aspects of the attractive force and the response time.
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Bortolotti, Massimo, Andrea Bolognesi, and Letizia Polito. "Bouganin, an Attractive Weapon for Immunotoxins." Toxins 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10080323.

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Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.) is a plant widely used in folk medicine and many extracts from different tissues of this plant have been employed against several pathologies. The observation that leaf extracts of Bougainvillea possess antiviral properties led to the purification and characterization of a protein, named bouganin, which exhibits typical characteristics of type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). Beyond that, bouganin has some peculiarities, such as a higher activity on DNA with respect to ribosomal RNA, low systemic toxicity, and immunological properties quite different than other RIPs. The sequencing of bouganin and the knowledge of its three-dimensional structure allowed to obtain a not immunogenic mutant of bouganin. These features make bouganin a very attractive tool as a component of immunotoxins (ITs), chimeric proteins obtained by linking a toxin to a carrier molecule. Bouganin-containing ITs showed very promising results in the experimental treatment of both hematological and solid tumors, and one bouganin-containing IT has entered Phase I clinical trial. In this review, we summarize the milestones of the research on bouganin such as bouganin chemico-physical characteristics, the structural properties and de-immunization studies. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo results obtained with bouganin-containing ITs are summarized.
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AKBARI-MOGHANJOUGHI, M. "Shukla–Eliasson attractive force: Revisited." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 2 (October 30, 2012): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000839.

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AbstractBy investigating the dielectric response of the Fermi–Dirac plasma in the linear limit and evaluating the electrostatic potential around the positive stationary test charge, we find that the Shukla–Eliasson attractive force is present for the plasma density range expected in the interiors of large planets for a wide range of plasma atomic number. This research, which is based on the generalized electron Fermi-momentum, further confirms the existence of the newly discovered Lennard-Jones-like attractive potential and its inevitable role in plasma crystallization in the cores of planets. Moreover, it is observed that the characteristics of the attractive potential are strongly sensitive to the variation of plasma density and composition. Current research can also have applications in the study of strong laser-matter interactions and inertially confined plasmas.
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Vasylieva, Dariia, Tetyana Kudyk, Valentyna Lisovska, George Abuselidze, and Oksana Hryvkivska. "Ensuring the issuance of investment-attractive corporate bonds." E3S Web of Conferences 295 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129501008.

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Despite the fact that the scientific literature pays considerable attention to ensuring the investment attractiveness of national corporate bond markets based on macro-environmental factors, as well as individual companies – based on micro-environmental factors, the issue of optimizing the characteristics of corporate bonds in the prospectus remains insufficiently disclosed. However, coupon rate, price and maturity are the basic indicators that investors take into account when deciding to purchase corporate bonds, so they need more detailed research. approach to ensuring the issuance of investment-attractive corporate bonds, based on the use of indicators of companies with the highest level of demand on the stock market to build a matrix of coupon rate, price and maturity of corporate bond, the use of which allows to establish the optimal ratio between these characteristics. Enterprises issue corporate bonds to attract additional financial resources in their activities, so they are interested in ensuring the investment attractiveness of these securities. The investment attractiveness of corporate bonds depends on their own characteristics, as well as on micro- and macro-environmental factors. The most affordable way to ensure the investment attractiveness of corporate bonds is to establish the optimal characteristics of bonds in the prospectus. The companies whose corporate bonds are in the highest demand on the stock market have the optimal ratio between coupon rate, price and maturity. Determining the trend of ensuring a balance between these indicators of leading companies allows us to establish a model of decision-making by investors in a particular market of corporate bonds.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attractive characteristics"

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Sleiman, Mona. "Single white attractive female searching for Mr. Right, characteristics in mate selection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0029/MQ62286.pdf.

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Rohrbach, Jan. "What makes a company attractive for a takeover?, or, The effect of a target's operating characteristics on the bidder's takeover-decision." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53718.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper examines the effect a target's operating characteristics can have on the takeover-decision of a potential bidder. Consequently, the general socioeconomic changes within the takeover market and their consequences for companies acting within this hostile environment are described and the most common economic and non-economic motives of bidders as well as several distinctive target characteristics discussed. In particular, this study identifies and subsequently analyses 28 variables viewed to be potentially relevant for a bidder's takeover-decision. In order to obtain the best possible insights into the behavior of the identified variables and their particular influence on the likelihood of getting taken over, the specific variables are empirically tested on an individual level through the application of different nonparametric techniques as well as on a combined level through the performance of a binary logistic regression analysis. The empirical examination is based on a total of 804 observations gathered by Bloomberg L.P. for the pharmaceutical and the related health care sector and covers the period from 1996 to 2002. The results of the different testing methods, although subject to certain limitations, give reason to believe that there are indeed certain factors that can make companies more interesting for potential bidders. Therefore, a regular performance of 'target-self-tests' as suggested by the author is viewed to be paramount for an early anticipation of hostile takeover attempts and a timely establishment of adequate measures of defense, which as a consequence could contribute considerably to a decrease of a company's likelihood of getting taken over.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op die effek wat 'n potensiele teiken se bedryfseienskappe op die oorname besluit van die organisasie wat die oorname oorweeg, kan hê. Gevolglik word die algemene sosio-ekonomiese veranderinge in die oorname mark en hulle gevolge vir maatskappy wat daarbinne opereer, bespreek. Verder word die mees algemene ekonomiese en nie-ekonomiese beweegredes van maatskappye wat oornames oorweeg asook verskeie onderskeidende eienskappe van teikenmaatskappye, ook bespreek. In besonder identifiseer en analiseer hierdie studie 28 veranderlikes wat potensieel relevant mag wees tydens 'n oorname besluit. Ten einde die bes moontlik insig te verkry oor die gedrag van die ge-identifiseerde veranderlikes en hulle spesifieke invloed op die waarskynlikheid van 'n oorname, word nie-parametriese tegnieke toegepas om op individuele en saamgestelde vlak die veranderlikes empiries te toets. Hierdie empiriese ondersoek is gebaseer op 'n totaal van 804 observasies soos versamel deur Blomberg L.P. vir die farmaseutiese en verwante gesondheidsorgsektore en strek oor die tydperk 1996 tot 2002. Die resultate van die onderskeie toetsmetodes - gegewe sekere beperkings - dui daarop dat daar inderdaad sekere faktore is wat maatskappye meer aantreklike teikens vir 'n potensiele oorname kan maak. Gevolglik beskou die navorser dit as belangrik dat sekere 'selftoetse' gereeld gedoen behoort te word. Dit kan dien as vroee waarskuwingsein met betrekking tot die waarskynlikheid van 'n vyandige oorname; en kan die geteikende maatskappy help om tydige verdedigingsmeganismes in plek te kry ten einde die waarskynlikheid van oorname beduidend te verminder.
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Essén, Jennifer, and Hanna Gustavsson. "Relevanta attraktiva karaktärsdrag hos en arbetsgivare i en svensk kontext utifrån ett medarbetarperspektiv : En kvantitativ och delvis kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48581.

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Ett företagsekonomiskt problem är att kompetenta medarbetare är en begränsad tillgång som organisationer måste konkurrera om. Employer Brandings trestegsprocess och framförallt det första steget i processen, så kallat “Employee Value Proposition”, kan hjälpa organisationer att skapa ett arbetsgivarvarumärke med attraktiva karaktärsdrag som medarbetare attraheras av. Studiens fenomendrivna forskningsgap är att beskriva vilka attraktiva karaktärsdrag som är relevanta i en svensk kontext utifrån ett medarbetarperspektiv. Studien grundade den empiriska insamlingen på teoretiska beskrivningar av tre karaktärsdrag: ansvarstagande, inkluderande samt anpassningsbar och lyhörd. En till största del kvantitativ enkät med tre kvalitativa inslag i form av fritextfrågor användes. Empirin tolkades med en tematisk analys och de på förhand bestämda teman var studiens teoretiska karaktärsdrag. Resultatet blev att karaktärsdragen hade en relevans men att det fanns skillnader mellan den teoretiska och empiriska beskrivningen. Tre nya empiriska beskrivningar utvecklades som är överensstämmande med de nuvarande och potentiella medarbetarnas bild av en attraktiv arbetsgivare i en svensk kontext.
A business administration problem is that qualified employees is a limited asset that organizations must compete for. Employer Branding's three-step process and, above all, the first step in the process "Employee Value Proposition" can help organizations to create an employer brand with attractive characteristics that employees are attracted to. The study's phenomenal driven research gap is to describe which attractive characteristics are relevant in a Swedish context from an employee perspective. The study based the empirical collection on theoretical descriptions of three characteristics: 1) accountability, 2) inclusion and 3) adaptability and responsive. A largely quantitative survey with three qualitative elements in the form of free text questions was used. The data was interpreted with a thematic analysis and the themes where the theoretical characteristics of the study. The result was that the characteristics had a relevance but that there were differences between the theoretical and the empirical descriptions. Three new empirical descriptions were developed that are consistent with the current and potential employees' image of an attractive employer in a Swedish context.
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Koumbis, Venette N. "THE EFFECTS OF ANTICIPATED JOB EMBEDDEDNESS AND SOCIAL NEEDS ON ORGANIZATIONAL ATTRACTION." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1184951571.

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Lin, Chao-Chung. "The attention attraction characteristics of signal words under division of attention." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28927.

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Xuan, Changji. "Wettability and Agglomeration Characteristics of Non-Metallic Inclusions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183069.

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In this thesis, both the wettability and the agglomeration characteristics of non-metallic inclusions in liquid iron/steel were studied by using both experimental results and thermodynamic considerations. The mechanisms of the wettability of different types of inclusions were discussed. Also, the agglomeration behaviors of the inclusions were analyzed. Firstly, the wettability of different types of inclusions (including Al2O3, MgO, Ti2O3, TiO2 and TiN) in contact with the liquid iron/steel was studied. For the TiNcase, there is no reaction formation at the interface between TiN and pureiron/steel. In the caseo f pure Fe, the oxygen increase is the main factor for a contact angle decrease. As for the steel case, a sharp decrease of the contact angle is due to the effects of both an increased oxygen content in the liquid steel and a formation of a Ti(N,C,O) phase at the interface. For the Al2O3 and MgO cases, the formation of a FeAl2O4 and a MgO-FeO reaction layer at the interface, respectively, lead to a contact angle decrease. In the case of the Ti2O3/pure Fe case, the reaction at the interface cannot be identified. For the Ti2O3/steel case, the formation of an Al2TiO5 reaction layer is the main reason for a steep decrease of the contact angle. In the TiO2 case, the melting region appears at the temperature below the melting point of pure iron. This is due to the strong formation of a solid solution TiOx-FeO. The main source of the oxygen for the solid solution formationis due to a TiO2 substrate decomposition and a low partial pressure of oxygen in the chamber. Regarding to the non-metallic particle additions (TiO2 and TiN) into the molten steel, the steel composition should be controlled to have a small Al content (<0.005mass%) and a high Ti content (>0.035mass%), so as togeta high number of Ti-rich oxide inclusions with a small size. This conclusionis supported from the view point of the van der Waals force, liquid-capillary force and wettability. Regarding the Ti/Al complex deoxidation in the melt, the “mainly occupied clustered inclusions” with spherical shape is due to a TiOx-FeO liquid inclusion precipitation after an addition of Ti as a pre-deoxidizer. The much lower cluster number in the Ti/Al case than that in the Al case is mainly due to a coagulation of single TiOx-FeO liquid inclusions. Also, the cluster formation in a complex Ti/Al deoxidation is started after an Al addition rather than after a Ti addition. Regarding the Al2O3 cluster formation in deoxidation, the cavity bridge forceis larger than the van der Waals force. However, the difference between them is smaller than 7 times. In the reoxidation process, the influence of the cavity bridge force due to the wettability decreased, and became similar to that of the liquid-capillary force.

QC 20160301

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Balogh, Michael J. "How Much Flexibility Do You Need- The Effects of Flexible Work Schedules on Organizational Attraction." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1522346698770507.

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Peters, Marianne. "The role of male secondary sexual traits in human mate choice : are they preferred by females and do they signal mate quality ?" University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0201.

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[Truncated abstract]Judgements of physical attractiveness are thought to reflect evolved preferences for a high quality mate. The central aim of this thesis was to investigate the hypothesis that female preferences are adaptations for finding good quality mates and that faces and bodies signal honest information about mate quality. To date, most human mate preference studies have examined face or body attractiveness alone, and many have created stimuli using computer graphic techniques. Throughout these studies, I endeavoured to maximise the biological relevance of my studies by incorporating both face and body attractiveness, and using photographs of individual participants. Most research on attractiveness has focused on faces or bodies separately, while our preferences have evolved based on both seen together. A fundamental requirement of studying face and body attractiveness independently is that there is no interaction between the two. My first study confirmed that the face and body did not interact when an overall attractiveness judgment was made. I also investigated the independent contributions of rated attractiveness of the face and the body to ratings of overall attractiveness. Face and body attractiveness each made significant independent contributions to overall attractiveness in males and females. For both sexes, facial attractiveness predicted overall attractiveness more strongly than did body attractiveness, and this difference was significant in males. ... This study indicates that although current levels of T covary with male mating success, this effect may not be mediated by women's preferences for visual cues to T levels conveyed in static face or body features. The fourth study in this thesis investigated the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis, which proposes that females obtain reliable information on male fertility from male expression of sexual traits. A previous study of Spanish men reported that facial attractiveness was positively associated with semen quality. I aimed to determine whether this effect was widespread by examining a large sample of Australian men. I also extended my study to determine whether cues to semen quality are provided by components of attractiveness: masculinity, averageness, and symmetry. I found no significant correlations between semen quality parameters and attractiveness or attractive traits. While male physical attractiveness may signal aspects of mate quality, my results suggest that phenotype-linked cues to male fertility may not be generalised across human populations. Together, these studies challenge current methodologies and theories of preferences for secondary sexual traits as honest signals of mate quality. The findings show that it is important to study human mate preferences in biologically relevant contexts, for example by using photographs of both faces and bodies, to maximise the real life application of results. In addition, the findings suggest that male attractiveness does not signal cues to testosterone or semen quality, although testosterone is associated with mating success. The implications of these findings and possible avenues for future research are discussed.
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Salomonsson, Penny. "Kärlekens alla vinklar : En studie om framställningen av kärlek i svensk film mellan tidsperioden 1932-2011." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104947.

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Title: All angels of love – A study about the representation of love in Swedish film between the period 1932-2011  Subject: Sociology Author: Penny Salomonsson The purpose of this study is to form an understanding regarding what love is in Swedish love movies from 1932 to 2011. Previous studies have shown that love has gone from being a couple thing to be about the individual. Previous studies also showing that love and intimacy are close relatives. This means that a relationship who consist of both love and intimacy is in most cases a relationship that contains reciprocity and is a relationship where both parties consider it to be love relation. Last but not least, film is a strong carrier of values and norms and is therefore a natural arena for staging popular perceptions. To study love in movies is therefore of great relevance because it can show what love has been and what it is and that can say something about our Swedish society.  This study is based on a qualitative research method. The methods are narrative analysis and semiotic analysis. Narrative analysis study how specific events, messages and how things are told effect a history. A semiotic analysis is about studying signs and sign theory. Fifteen Swedish love movies were included in the study, some belong to the genre of drama and others comedy. Those genres where chosen because they are the genres that represent love the most. The theoretical perspective that the collected data is analysed through is Anthony Giddens theories about passionate love, romantic love and the pure relationship and concepts like genus, the male gaze and heteronormativity are also used.  The result of this study shows that during the chosen time romantic love and passionate love are in some sense always present. In summary the portrayal of love over time in Swedish love movies has not changed drastically. All selected movies from different decades contain similar emotions. It includes the experience of finding your other half, your soulmate, a love that challenges your everyday life and a love that consist of equal emotional exchange.
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Palmer, Julie Dougherty Thomas W. "The relationships of organizational web site information and job seeker characteristics with perceptions of and attraction to the organization." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6615.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 25, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Thomas Dougherty. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Attractive characteristics"

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Mal'shina, N., and Andrey Garnov. MODERN PRINCIPLES ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE FLOWS IN CRISIS CONDITIONS: CULTURE AND CREATIVE INDUSTRY. xxu: Academus Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/978-1-4946-0018-1.

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The culture industry should become attractive for capital investment through the development of organizational-economic mechanisms of support in the form of integrated structures as well as through the development of mechanisms of its financing: systems of culture multi-channel backing and state-private partnership which would allow to create prerequisites for the appearance and implementation of new ideas and projects in the culture field, contributing to culture sphere formation as a full-fledged source of state income. As a result of this project implementation, original new fundamental theoretical assumptions and empirical data in the culture industry field and the regional development will be obtained. The project focuses on the study of fundamental basics research of the culture industry functioning, solves scientific problems of the culture industry effectiveness evaluation and direction justification of its support and funding; there are being worked out strategies and mechanisms of the culture industry efficiency development and increase in accordance with the characteristics and needs of regional economies.
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The great American attraction: Two Brits discover the rollicking world of American festivals. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2008.

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Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. SANS. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0011.

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Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a specialized application of solution scattering limited by source availability and intensity. While not routinely used for structural studies of biological samples in general, it does have unique characteristics that make it attractive to determining the individual positions of components of complexes. This is due to the scattering properties of hydrogen and deuterium allowing the technique of contrast matching. SANS is highly complementary to SAXS and provides unique information not available by other techniques. This chapter discussed SANS, instrumentation, and application.
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Johannes, Gasser, and Saurer René. III Trust Arbitration as a Matter of National Law, 18 Trust Arbitration in Liechtenstein and Austria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759829.003.0018.

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This chapter considers the availability of arbitration to resolve internal trust and foundation disputes in Liechtenstein. It first describes the characteristics of the Liechtenstein trust and explains the basic concept of the Liechtenstein foundation. It then introduces Liechtenstein arbitration law and considers a set of specialized rules: the Liechtenstein arbitration rules issued by the Liechtenstein Chamber of Commerce in cooperation with the Liechtenstein Arbitration Association. The chapter focuses primarily on the law of Liechtenstein. Detailed discussions pertaining to the Austrian trust and foundation law have been deliberately left out because Austria does not recognise trusts and establishing private foundations (especially for tax purposes) is no longer particularly attractive under Austrian law. However, some characteristics of Austrian foundation law are presented. Because arbitration law is relatively similar in both Liechtenstein and Austria, Austrian arbitration law will not be discussed in great detail.
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Morikawa, Kazunori. Geometric Illusions in the Human Face and Body. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0026.

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Clothing and cosmetic makeup take advantage of visual illusions so as to make the human body and face look more attractive. This chapter lists such real-life geometric illusions and reviews studies that psychophysically measured them. These illusions include the Müller-Lyer illusion, the Helmholtz illusion, the Delboeuf illusion, the “bicolor” illusion, the “shape echo” illusion, and perceptual completion. Puzzling characteristics of these bodily illusions, which can be called “biological illusions,” are discussed. The ways in which geometric illusions in the human face and body differ from classical geometric illusions consisting of simple lines are also discussed, and the concept of “biological motion” as a separate field is proposed.
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Warner, Rebecca. Attracting the Family Market. Edited by Robert Gordon and Olaf Jubin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988747.013.26.

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The musical aimed at the family market is an important part of the landscape of the British musical. This paper seeks to explore some of the key characteristics that can make a musical appeal to a hybrid, cross-generational audience. By employing Tony Graham’s five-step gauge for considering the suitability of particular works for capturing a child’s interest as a framework, the essay explores the musicals Honk!, Mary Poppins, Matilda, and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory as case studies. Special attention is paid to ideas of imagination, transcendence, and the use of a universal topic to appeal to the family market.
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Woodard, Christopher. Taking Utilitarianism Seriously. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732624.001.0001.

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Utilitarianism is in the ascendancy in many parts of public culture, but its stock among moral and political philosophers is low. Many philosophers believe that it is a dead end, since they believe that the objections to it are overwhelming. This book seeks to contribute to a renewal of philosophical interest in utilitarianism by arguing that the objections usually thought to defeat it do not do so. It presents a novel form of utilitarianism based on a novel account of normative reasons for action. It argues that utilitarians can explain much of the complexity of our ethical and political thought. For example, they can account for moral rights, justice, the importance of equality, the significance of legitimacy and democracy, and the nature of virtue. Adopting a more complex form of utilitarianism enables plausible replies to the most common objections. Utilitarianism need not be too demanding, nor countenance abhorrent actions. It does not ignore the separateness of persons, nor the distinctiveness of political issues. It can also give a philosophically attractive account of the characteristics of virtuous agents. It is capable of doing justice to much more of our ethical and political thought than its critics realize.
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Infurna, Frank J., and Eranda Jayawickreme. Redesigning Research on Post-Traumatic Growth. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197507407.001.0001.

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The literature on post-traumatic growth has been instrumental in highlighting the human capacity to overcome adversity by illuminating different pathways that individuals may follow when confronted with adversity. However, while the theme of “strength from adversity” is attractive and central to many disciplines and certain cultural narratives, these claims lack robust empirical evidence. Specific methodological issues include the ubiquity of retrospective assessments of post-traumatic growth. Conceptually, limitations exist in the examination of which outcomes are most appropriate for studying post-traumatic growth. The authors present an overview of directions that new research should focus on in order to overcome these limitations, with a focus on prospective longitudinal designs that incorporate multiple methods of assessments and the value of integrating these disciplines for furthering our understanding of the human capacity to overcome adversity. The book is divided into four substantive sections to more thoroughly examine the conceptual and methodological limitations of this literature: (1) current challenges in examining post-traumatic growth, (2) methodological advancements (with a focus on innovative assessment strategies), (3) research in specific populations (cancer survivors, US minority communities, armed forces personnel and older adult samples), and (4) new directions for research (focusing on examining event characteristics of adverse events as well as narrative identity, wisdom, and open-mindedness as key growth outcomes).
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Chamoreau, Claudine. Purepecha, a Polysynthetic but Predominantly Dependent-Marking Language. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.38.

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Purepecha (language isolate, Mexico) has one relevant characteristic that leads to identifying it as a polysynthetic language: productive verbal morphology (in particular locative suffixes). Purepecha is a predominantly dependent-marking language, as its pronominal markers are enclitics, generally second position enclitics. But, in some contexts Purepecha shows head-marking characteristics. Today, pronominal enclitics exhibit variation, tending to move to the rightmost position in the clause; they may encliticize to the predicate itself, showing a head-attraction or polypersonalism strategy and making Purepecha more polysynthetic. But this language lacks noun incorporation. Purepecha has three types of non-finite clause: two subordinate clauses (non-finite complement clauses and purpose clauses) and a syntactically independent clause (the chain-medial clause). This seemingly inconsistent situation (characterized by a correlation of different properties, some of which have not been identified as polysynthetic) calls for addressing the typological classification of Purepecha among the polysynthetic languages.
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Mashhoon, Bahram. Linearized Nonlocal Gravity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803805.003.0007.

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The only known exact solution of the field equation of nonlocal gravity (NLG) is the trivial solution involving Minkowski spacetime that indicates the absence of a gravitational field. Therefore, this chapter is devoted to a thorough examination of NLG in the linear approximation beyond Minkowski spacetime. Moreover, the solutions of the linearized field equation of NLG are discussed in detail. We adopt the view that the kernel of the theory must be determined from observation. In the Newtonian regime of NLG, we recover the phenomenological Tohline-Kuhn approach to modified gravity. A simple generalization of the Kuhn kernel leads to a three-parameter modified Newtonian force law that is always attractive. Gravitational lensing is discussed. It is shown that nonlocal gravity (NLG), with a characteristic galactic lengthscale of order 1 kpc, simulates dark matter in the linear regime while preserving causality.
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Book chapters on the topic "Attractive characteristics"

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Ohsaki, H., A. Senba, H. Kitahara, and E. Masada. "Electromagnetic Force Characteristics of Superconducting Bulk Magnet for Attractive-Type Magnetic Levitation." In Advances in Superconductivity VIII, 1335–38. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66871-8_300.

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Kitahara, Hirotaka, Hiroyuki Ohsaki, and Eisuke Masada. "Analysis of Attractive Force Characteristics of an EMS Maglev System with High Tc Superconducting Bulk." In Advances in Superconductivity VII, 1267–70. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68535-7_288.

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Mitra, Sisir. "Cultivars and plant improvement." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 110–47. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0006.

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Abstract The major objectives of guava breeding are aimed at improving both plant and fruit characteristics such as to develop high-yielding, high-quality dwarf cultivars with fruits of uniform shape, good size, attractive skin and pulp colour, fewer and/or soft seeds, resistant to wilt, nematodes and long storage life. Selection of superior seedlings has resulted in the development of a number of cultivars in different countries. This chapter describes the Psidium species used in breeding (Psidium cattleyanum, P. guineense, P. acutangulum, P. friedrichsthalianum, P. angulatum and P. littorale), objectives of breeding programmes, introduction and selection, inheritance pattern, interspecific hybridization, polyploidy, mutation and molecular characterization. Guava cultivars growing in different countries (Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, USA and vietnam) are also described.
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Fugère, Madeleine A., Jennifer P. Leszczynski, and Alita J. Cousins. "Forming Attitudes toward Potential Partners: First Impressions of Physical Characteristics." In The Social Psychology of Attraction and Romantic Relationships, 3–23. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32483-2_1.

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Fugère, Madeleine A., Jennifer P. Leszczynski, and Alita J. Cousins. "Forming Attitudes toward Potential Partners: First Impressions of Non-Physical Characteristics." In The Social Psychology of Attraction and Romantic Relationships, 24–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32483-2_2.

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Fugère, Madeleine A., Jennifer P. Leszczynski, and Alita J. Cousins. "First Impressions of Non-Physical Characteristics: Levels of Acquaintance and the Importance of Meeting in Person." In The Social Psychology of Attraction and Romantic Relationships, 40–57. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32483-2_3.

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Cruz-Jimenez, Miriam Guadalupe, David Ernesto Troncoso Romero, and Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek. "Comb Filters Characteristics and Current Applications." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 6007–18. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch522.

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The comb filter is a very popular linear-phase filter due its simplicity, i.e. all its coefficients are equal to unity. As a consequence, it does not require multipliers or coefficients storage. This characteristic makes this filter attractive for many applications, as for example, in decimation, communications, digital audio, among others. However, the comb filter presents passband droop and a poor attenuation in the stopband region. In this proposal, the comb filter characteristics are reviewed and illustrated with one example. Additionally, the selected methods commonly used to improve the magnitude characteristics of a comb filter will be described and illustrated with examples.
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Cruz-Jimenez, Miriam Guadalupe, David Ernesto Troncoso Romero, and Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek. "Comb Filters Characteristics and Current Applications." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 791–804. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7598-6.ch057.

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The comb filter is a very popular linear-phase filter due its simplicity (i.e., all its coefficients are equal to unity). As a consequence, it does not require multipliers or coefficients storage. This characteristic makes this filter attractive for many applications, as for example, in decimation, communications, digital audio, among others. However, the comb filter presents passband droop and a poor attenuation in the stopband region. In this proposal, the comb filter characteristics are reviewed and illustrated with one example. Additionally, the selected methods commonly used to improve the magnitude characteristics of a comb filter will be described and illustrated with examples.
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"Characteristics of Manga and Anime that make them Attractive to Hollywood." In Manga and Anime Go to Hollywood. Bloomsbury Academic, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501312755.ch-002.

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Buszewski, Boguslaw, Viorica Railean Plugaru, Pawel Pomastowski, and Anatoli Sidorenco. "Silver Nanoparticles." In Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry, 432–49. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1241-8.ch020.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as a material with attractive properties, has received interest worldwide by the implementation of synthesis particles at nano-size. AgNPs has triggered intense research on the production of nanoparticles using different synthesis methods due actual and future application. The increasing attention of AgNPs resulted in the growth and development of nanoparticles synthesis methods. Recently, various approaches, including chemical and biological, have been used for them preparation. In order to obtain information about size, shape, or optical properties of nanoparticles, a broad range of analytical methods—microscopy, spectroscopy, and spectrometry techniques—have been used. AgNPs exhibit attractive antimicrobial properties against bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative), fungi, and show also selective toxicity toward normal and cancerous cells. This chapter reviewed the methods of AgNPs synthesis, their characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity against normal and tumor cells.
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Conference papers on the topic "Attractive characteristics"

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Liu, Ling, and Aoxuan Liu. "Intrinsic Characteristics or Earned It? A Discussion of Firm Attractive Traits and Their Social Media Engagement." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2019.570.

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Kamakura, Y., G. Mil'nikov, N. Mori, and K. Taniguchi. "Impact of Attractive Ion in Undoped Channel on the Characteristics of Nanoscale Multi-Gate FETs: A 3D NEGF Study." In 2009 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2009.c-7-4.

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Chudnovsky, B., D. Livshits, and S. Baitel. "Burning Methanol and its Blends Attractive Alternative for Emission Reduction." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59025.

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Traditional methods for reducing emissions, by modification of the firing system to control the mixing of fuel and air, the reduction of flame temperatures (for NOx emission reduction), and/or the post combustion treatment of the flue gas to remove NOx, SO2 particulates are very expensive. Hence, before implementation of expensive measures for the reduction of emissions, it is necessary to evaluate all low cost alternatives, such as burning alternative fuels and mixing it with other liquid fuels. Methanol offers these advantages, being a derivative of natural gas which is partly de-linked from oil, and is a clean burning fuel. Existing experience [1, 2] has shown that with inexpensive and minimal system modifications, methanol is easily fired and is fully feasible as an alternative fuel. Relative to heavy fuel and light fuel, methanol can achieve improved efficiency and lower NOx emissions due to the lower flame temperature and nitrogen content. Since methanol contains no sulfur, there are no SO2 emissions. The clean burning characteristics of methanol are expected to lead to clean pressure parts and lower maintenance costs. In this paper we present results for the specific 10 ton/hr industrial boiler (results of the burning of methanol in large utility boilers we presented in our earlier publications) located at DOR Chemicals. In this study we experimented with methanol fractions (from 0 to 100 % by heat) at different boiler loads and found that the methanol and heavy fuel oil mixtures enabled us to meet the commonly accepted emissions limit for NOx with zero CO emissions. SO2 emissions were also reduced according to methanol heat fraction. Methanol burning leads to a more than 10 % reduction of CO2. It should be noted that in our tests we used a special patented mixing device (the “Fuel Activation Device – FAD) developed by Turbulent Energy Inc. for preparing premixed or in-line blends. The results show that more than 50% of NOx reduction is achieved when light fuel oil is replaced by methanol and more than an 80% reduction when heavy fuel oil is replaced by methanol. For all boiler operation modes 100% of combustion efficiency is achieved. Methanol and liquid fuel blends lead to significant reduction of emissions depending on the methanol heat fraction. Burning of a blend of liquid fuel with water leads to a significant reduction of NOx. In addition, the usage of the FAD in our tests had positive effects on boiler efficiency improvement both for LFO and methanol firing. In this paper we also present the study of methanol and diesel fuel burning in diesel engine. It should be noted that blends were prepared by a using special mixing device developed by Turbulent Energy Inc. The performance of the engine using blended fuel compared to the performance of the engine with diesel fuel. It was also found that with using the blend one may achieve a more than 75 % reduction of NOx emissions when diesel oil is replaced by 20% methanol. Methanol and diesel oil co-firing leads to a reduction of SO2 emissions depending on the heat fraction of methanol. We believe that the conclusions of the work presented are general and can be applied to any other industrial, utility boiler, or diesel engine as well.
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Wu, Z., R. L. Harne, and K. W. Wang. "Muscle-Like Characteristics With an Engineered Metastructure." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7746.

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Combining adaptable supporting structure, large compliance, and intricate energy management, skeletal muscle is a natural system that exhibits numerous attractive characteristics. Recent mechanical modeling of muscle suggests some of the intriguing macroscale features are due to the assembly of nanoscale, metastable cross-bridge constituents. Inspired by the multifunctionality and versatility of muscle’s architectural composition, this research investigates a new paradigm of modular structure-material development to achieve significant system adaptivity by utilizing building blocks possessing metastability. The proposed, assembled systems belong to the class of metastructures, a new concept for engineering adaptive structures from basic, functional units in ways such that the systems exhibit unprecedented characteristics resulting from a synergy of their elements. A modular and metastable building block is created to emulate the effective passive functionality of muscle’s cross-bridge. Analytical and experimental results reveal that metastructures assembled from the metastable modules may supply unique changes in reaction force when the end displacement is prescribed, adapting not only the magnitude of force but also the direction, in addition to yielding a multitude of globally stable topologies. The investigations provide clear evidence that a metastructure may realize orders of magnitude change in stiffness for a constant system shape, and also enables the variation in required energy expense to globally deform the system. From these findings, the metastructural design framework represents a major leap forward in adaptive structures and material systems and has the potential to find broad future application.
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Phi, V. M., J. L. Mauzey, V. G. McDonell, and G. S. Samuelsen. "Fuel Injection and Emissions Characteristics of a Commercial Microturbine Generator." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54039.

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Microturbine generators (MTGs) offer an attractive alternative for addressing future demand for electrical power. However, increasingly stringent emission regulations such as those found in California pose a major technical challenge that these devices must overcome if they are to make significant market penetrations. In the context of these regulations, the present study characterizes the exhaust emissions and mixing capability of a commercial MTG and assesses (1) the ability of this device to meet future emissions regulatory requirement and (2) the extent to which mixing can be used to reduce emissions. The results establish that, for this MTG, both NOx and CO are minimized for 80–100% load. Kinetics and CFD analysis illustrate how NOx emissions are affected by local equivalence ratios and how fuel staging and local quenching impact CO emissions. Measured injector premixing levels indicate a standard deviation of less than 4% relative to the mean. Subsequent analysis using a well-stirred reactor approach suggests a maximum of a 10% reduction in NOx could be achieved with further improved premixing.
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Allen, Phil, Xiaolin Chen, and Dave Kim. "Numerical and Experimental Study on Micro-Electrical Discharge Micromachining Characteristics on Molybdenum." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81125.

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Electrical discharge micromachining (micro-EDM) is an ideal process for obtaining burr-free machined micron-size apertures. Molybdenum is one of the most attractive high energy and power aperture materials due to its mechanical and physical properties, mainly its high melting temperature and relatively high thermal conductivity. In this paper, fundamental machining characteristics for micro-EDM of molybdenum were investigated both numerically and experimentally. A thermo-numerical model was created to simulate a single spark discharge process. Experimental crater size is investigated using scanning electron microscopy and optical evaluation methods. The effects of important EDM parameters such as the pulse duration on crater shape, temperature distribution, tool wear percentage, and eroded volume were studied. Correlations between numerical and experimental data are also discussed. The model effectively estimates the size of single spark craters in molybdenum. The results show that the developed thermo-numerical model can be an effective tool in predicting the size of a crater formed by a single spark discharge in the micro-EDM process.
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Tan, Yongwen, Yang Chen, Sayed-Mohammad Hosseini, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Simulation Evaluation of Fouled Ballast Thermal Characteristics." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8048.

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Abstract This study provides a simulation evaluation of the effect of fouling conditions on the thermal behavior of ballast for the use of railway tracks. Ballast fouling can result in a slurry pumped up to the surface, causing poor foundation strength, rotting of the ties, and other ill effects. To achieve a quick and convenient detection of ballast fouling, a thermal-based non-contacting technique has been proposed and becomes more and more attractive. However, the successful application of this thermal-based fouling-detection technology requires knowledge of the thermal characteristics of ballast, which have not been investigated in prior studies. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of fouling on the thermal behavior of ballast, using an analytical model developed based on one-dimensional conductive heat transfer. The effort to validate the developed model is also included. The general fouling conditions of the ballast — fouled with and without water — are studied through simulation. The simulation results show that, for the case of fouling without water, the ballast under different fouling conditions behaves differently from clean ballast at depths ranging from 0 to 12in under naturally-occurring daily ambient temperature changes, and that the temperature difference peaks at 4-in depth. In addition, increasing the amount of fouling results in less temperature variation in response to the ambient temperature changes. For the case of fouling with water, water is added into the 100% fouled ballast and comparisons are made between the ballasts with different water content. A similar pattern is observed, showing that increasing the amount of water results in a larger temperature difference at all depths considered. Moreover, the maximum temperature difference is observed at the top surface rather than the depth of 4-in as observed in the case of fouling without water.
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Van Valkenburgh, Owen F., Thomas C. Ekstrom, Erica M. Goodman, Cameryn C. Leborte, Kevin M. Haaland, Nathan K. Yasuda, and Frank J. Shih. "Energy Absorption Characteristics of a Nested Curved Column Reinforced Elastomer Composite." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12096.

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Abstract Advances in 3D printing technology and their increasing availability have allowed for design of novel structures. For designing material systems and structures that crumple to absorb energy from low-velocity impact events, the wide variability in material selection and geometry presents an attractive opportunity to optimize their performance. In the present study, 3D printed structures using high stiffness polymer were produced with a UV stereolithographic process. The structures utilized curved cylindrical columns of varying diameters, whose axial geometries were prescribed with a normal distribution equation, allowing for adjustments in the load absorption profile. The columns were arranged in a circular pattern, with four layers of reinforcements with a slight differential in heights to create cascading failure events. A polyurethane matrix keeps the structures together during impact. The systems, with varying rod geometry, rod curvature, and rod diameters were tested with both quasi-static compression testing and dynamic impact testing. The preliminary results are presented. Force-displacement curves were measured were to determine the optimal design which yields the best failure characteristics. Finite element analysis using ANSYS was used to model the failure characteristics and inform the design of the physical system.
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Klamecki, Barney E. "Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Treatment on Mechanical Characteristics of Manufactured Parts." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21010.

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The use of magnetic fields to treat manufactured parts is attractive since easy-to-produce, easy-to-control fields can be used at room temperature, in contrast to more complex treatments such as heat treatment. Little research has been done to apply magnetic treatment to the modification and control of mechanical properties, behavior and performance of manufactured parts. This paper contains descriptions of experimental studies of the effects of pulsed magnetic treatment on the residual stress in machined surfaces and in welded thin-wall tubes, and includes a qualitative explanation of some of the results in terms of dislocation density. The machined part results indicated only possibly small effects, and so further experiments were done with thin-wall tubes that were expected to be more susceptible to magnetic treatment, and a more sensitive measurement technique was used. The difference in damping of vibration of untreated and pulsed magnetically treated welded tubes was used as a measure of treatment effects. Two significant results are reported. One is that pulsed magnetic treatment increased damping by up to 20%, with smaller effects in most tests. The other result is that damping increased, decreased, increased, and so on, as the length of magnetic treatment was increased.
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Xu, Jiajun, and Bao Yang. "Thermophysical Properties and Pool Boiling Characteristics of Water in Polyalphaolefin Nanoemulsion Fluids." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75232.

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In this work, thermophysical properties and pool boiling characteristics of water-in-polyalphaolefin (PAO) nanoemulsion fluids and their dependence on water concentration have been investigated experimentally. Water-in-PAO nanoemulsion fluids are formed via self-assembly with surfactant sodium sullfosuccinate (AOT). Thermal conductivity of the fluids is found to increase with water concentration, as expected from the Maxwell equation. However, the measured thermal conductivity increase is very moderate, e.g., a 16% increase for 8.6Vol. %. Unlike thermal conductivity, the dynamic viscosity of these nanoemulsion fluids first increases with water concentration, reaches a maximum, and then decreases. This trend could be attributed to the attractive forces among water droplets. The boiling behavior of these nanoemulsion fluids has been altered due to water nanodroplets. Adding water nanodroplets can lower the nanoemulsion’s boiling point compared to the pure PAO. Another interesting phenomenon observed is that pool boiling of nanoemulsion fluids randomly follows two different curves when the water concentration is in the range of 5.3 Vol. % to 7.8 Vol. %. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not understood yet, but it may be related to the evolution of microstructures in the water-in-PAO nanoemulsion fluids.
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