Academic literature on the topic 'Attribute Similarity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Attribute Similarity"
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Wan, Yongquan, Cairong Yan, Guobing Zou, and Bofeng Zhang. "Attribute-guided and attribute-manipulated similarity learning network for fashion image retrieval." Intelligent Data Analysis 27, no. 3 (2023): 733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ida-226740.
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Learning the similarity between fashion items is essential for many fashion-related tasks. Most methods based on global or local image similarity cannot meet the fine-grained retrieval requirements related to attributes. We are the first to clearly distinguish the concepts of attribute name and their values and divide fashion retrieval tasks that combine images and text into: attribute-guided retrieval and attribute-manipulated retrieval. We propose a hierarchical attribute-aware embedding network (HAEN) that takes images and attributes as input, learns multiple attribute-specific embedding spaces, and measures fine-grained similarity in the corresponding spaces. It can accurately map different attributes to the corresponding areas of the image, thereby facilitating the feature fusion of two different modalities of text and image, including enhancement and replacement. Then on this basis, we propose three attribute-manipulated similarity learning methods, HAEN_Avg, HAEN_Rec, and HAEN_Cmb. With comprehensive validation on two real-world fashion datasets, we demonstrate that our methods can effectively leverage semantic knowledge to improve image retrieval performance, including attribute-guided and attribute-manipulated retrieval tasks.
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Lin, Mugang, Kunhui Wen, Xuanying Zhu, Huihuang Zhao, and Xianfang Sun. "Graph Autoencoder with Preserving Node Attribute Similarity." Entropy 25, no. 4 (2023): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25040567.
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The graph autoencoder (GAE) is a powerful graph representation learning tool in an unsupervised learning manner for graph data. However, most existing GAE-based methods typically focus on preserving the graph topological structure by reconstructing the adjacency matrix while ignoring the preservation of the attribute information of nodes. Thus, the node attributes cannot be fully learned and the ability of the GAE to learn higher-quality representations is weakened. To address the issue, this paper proposes a novel GAE model that preserves node attribute similarity. The structural graph and the attribute neighbor graph, which is constructed based on the attribute similarity between nodes, are integrated as the encoder input using an effective fusion strategy. In the encoder, the attributes of the nodes can be aggregated both in their structural neighborhood and by their attribute similarity in their attribute neighborhood. This allows performing the fusion of the structural and node attribute information in the node representation by sharing the same encoder. In the decoder module, the adjacency matrix and the attribute similarity matrix of the nodes are reconstructed using dual decoders. The cross-entropy loss of the reconstructed adjacency matrix and the mean-squared error loss of the reconstructed node attribute similarity matrix are used to update the model parameters and ensure that the node representation preserves the original structural and node attribute similarity information. Extensive experiments on three citation networks show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in link prediction and node clustering tasks.
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Alharthi, T. N., M. A. Elsafty, and Lishan Liu. "Attribute topologies based similarity." Cogent Mathematics 3, no. 1 (2016): 1242291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311835.2016.1242291.
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Yager, Ronald, Fred Petry, and Paul Elmore. "Multiple attribute similarity hypermatching." Soft Computing 22, no. 8 (2017): 2463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2721-5.
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Aynulin, Rinat, and Pavel Chebotarev. "Extending Proximity Measures to Attributed Networks for Community Detection." Complex Systems 30, no. 4 (2021): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25088/complexsystems.30.4.441.
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Proximity measures on graphs are extensively used for solving various problems in network analysis, including community detection. Previous studies have considered proximity measures mainly for networks without attributes. However, attribute information, node attributes in particular, allows a more in-depth exploration of the network structure. This paper extends the definition of a number of proximity measures to the case of attributed networks. To take node attributes into account, attribute similarity is embedded into the adjacency matrix. Obtained attribute-aware proximity measures are numerically studied in the context of community detection in real-world networks.
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Liu, Xiao Jing, Wei Feng Du, and Xiao Min. "Fuzzy Attribute Reduction Based on Fuzzy Similarity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (February 2014): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.237.
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The measure of the significance of the attribute and attribute reduction is one of the core content of rough set theory. The classical rough set model based on equivalence relation, suitable for dealing with discrete-valued attributes. Fuzzy-rough set theory, integrating fuzzy set and rough set theory together, extending equivalence relation to fuzzy relation, can deal with fuzzy-valued attributes. By analyzing three problems of FRAR which is a fuzzy decision table attribute reduction algorithm having extensive use, this paper proposes a new reduction algorithm which has better overcome the problem, can handle larger fuzzy decision table. Experimental results show that our reduction algorithm is much quicker than the FRAR algorithm.
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Zheng, Li Ping, Guang Yao Li, Hua Jiang, and Jun Qing Li. "The Research of Ontology Mapping Based on PSO Algorithm." Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (January 2011): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.172.
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The key of ontology mapping is to compute concepts similarities. In order to decrease errors, the computation of similarity should consider the influences of relations and attributes. In this paper, a computation method of similarity based on PSO is put forward. At first, the semantic similarity of concepts is computed. Then compute the relation similarity and the attribute similarity. In order to decrease the computation quantity, the attribute priority is specified by PSO algorithm. At last, the attribute with high priority is chosen according to the user need. Take two ontologies as example and specify the attribute priority. Experiments results show that this calculative method can improve the precision of results and reduce the calculated quantities.
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Dimitriu, Radu, Luk Warlop, and Bendik Meling Samuelsen. "Brand extension similarity can backfire when you look for something specific." European Journal of Marketing 51, no. 5/6 (2017): 850–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2015-0662.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that high similarity between a parent brand and an extension category can have a detrimental effect on how a brand extension is perceived to perform on specific attributes. This happens because similarity influences the perceived positioning of a brand extension: lower similarity extensions can be perceived as “specialized” products, whereas high similarity extensions are perceived as “all-in-one” products not performing exceptionally well on any specific attribute. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the hypothesized effect through three experimental studies. The authors manipulate similarity both within subjects (Study 1a) and between subjects (Study 1b and Study 2). Further, the authors test the effect for specific attributes that are physical/concrete in nature (Study 1a and Study 1b) as well as attributes that are abstract/imagery-related in nature (Study 2). Findings High compared to low similarity improves perceptions of overall performance (i.e. performance across all attributes). But as expected, the authors also find that a high similarity brand extension is perceived to perform worse on the attribute on which a low similarity brand extension specializes, even when the parent brands of the extensions possess that attribute to the same extent. This perception of attribute performance carries on to influence brand extension purchase likelihood. Practical implications The degree of brand extension similarity has consequences for how brand extensions are perceived to be positioned in the marketplace. Although high similarity extensions receive positive evaluations, they might not be suitable when a company is trying to instil a perception of exceptional performance on a specific attribute. Originality/value The authors demonstrate a consequential exception to the marketing wisdom that brands should extend to similar categories. Although the degree of brand extension similarity has been repeatedly shown to have a positive effect on brand extension evaluation, the authors document a case when its effect is actually detrimental. This study’s focus on the dependent variable of perceived performance on specific attributes is novel in the brand extension literature.
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Liu, Chaohui, Xianjin Kong, Xiang Li, and Tongxin Zhang. "Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Based on User Attributes and Item Score." Scientific Programming 2022 (March 22, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4544152.
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To solve the problems of cold start and data sparseness existing in traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, a collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on user attributes and item scoring is proposed. Firstly, we improve the credibility of user similarity and explore the potential interests of users, a new user rating similarity calculation method is constructed by introducing confidence, item popularity, and Pearson weighting. Secondly, we construct a user attribute similarity measurement method by introducing cultural distance, age attribute similarity, and user label similarity. Finally, user rating similarity and user attribute similarity are weighted to form a new similarity measurement model. Through simulation comparison between the collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm and the traditional recommendation algorithm, our results show that the collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of recommendations and the diversity of results and effectively alleviate the problem of data sparseness.
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Venturino, Michael, Nathan J. Romano, Sheryl L. Miller, Megan Murphy, and Tara M. Coffey. "Dynamic Memory: Keeping Track of Continually Changing Information." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 19 (1994): 1317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801915.
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The requirement to remember continuously changing information places substantial demands on the human operator's working memory system. Previous research (Yntema & Mueser, 1960) found that in keeping track of dynamically changing information, humans' memory for changing information was better when they kept track of many different attributes of a single object than when they kept track of the identical attribute of many different objects. Due to a confound in the Yntema and Mueser experiment, the unique and combined effects of information organization and similarity-based interference cannot be determined, limiting the information about dynamic memory. This experiment represents an attempt to overcome this limitation by assessing the roles of organization and similarity-based interference in dynamic memory. The experimental task was a keeping track task in which a series of changing attribute values were presented sequentially, and subjects were required to remember the most recent update for each attribute. Three factors were manipulated in the experiment: number of “objects” (one vs many objects), type of attribute (same vs different), and memory load (2, 4, or 6 attributes to remember). Results showed that as memory load increased, keeping track performance in the many-object condition decreased to a greater extent than in the one-object condition. Also, as memory load increased, accuracy decreased at a greater rate for the same-attribute condition than for the different-attribute condition. The effect size for attribute similarity was much larger than that for number of objects. It was concluded that similarity-based interference is quite destructive to dynamic memory. It appears that the cost of attribute similarity far outweighs the benefits of organizing the continually-changing attributes. Such results have implications for structuring tasks and aiding memory in situations where operators must remember information in dynamically changing environments.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attribute Similarity"
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Azzeh, Mohammad Y. A. "Analogy-based software project effort estimation : contributions to projects similarity measurement, attribute selection and attribute weighting algorithms for analogy-based effort estimation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4442.
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Software effort estimation by analogy is a viable alternative method to other estimation techniques, and in many cases, researchers found it outperformed other estimation methods in terms of accuracy and practitioners' acceptance. However, the overall performance of analogy based estimation depends on two major factors: similarity measure and attribute selection & weighting. Current similarity measures such as nearest neighborhood techniques have been criticized that have some inadequacies related to attributes relevancy, noise and uncertainty in addition to the problem of using categorical attributes. This research focuses on improving the efficiency and flexibility of analogy-based estimation to overcome the abovementioned inadequacies. Particularly, this thesis proposes two new approaches to model and handle uncertainty in similarity measurement method and most importantly to reflect the structure of dataset on similarity measurement using Fuzzy modeling based Fuzzy C-means algorithm. The first proposed approach called Fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis method employs combined techniques of Fuzzy set theory and Grey Relational Analysis to improve local and global similarity measure and tolerate imprecision associated with using different data types (Continuous and Categorical). The second proposed approach presents the use of Fuzzy numbers and its concepts to develop a practical yet efficient approach to support analogy-based systems especially at early phase of software development. Specifically, we propose a new similarity measure and adaptation technique based on Fuzzy numbers. We also propose a new attribute subset selection algorithm and attribute weighting technique based on the hypothesis of analogy-based estimation that assumes projects that are similar in terms of attribute value are also similar in terms of effort values, using row-wise Kendall rank correlation between similarity matrix based project effort values and similarity matrix based project attribute values. A literature review of related software engineering studies revealed that the existing attribute selection techniques (such as brute-force, heuristic algorithms) are restricted to the choice of performance indicators such as (Mean of Magnitude Relative Error and Prediction Performance Indicator) and computationally far more intensive. The proposed algorithms provide sound statistical basis and justification for their procedures. The performance figures of the proposed approaches have been evaluated using real industrial datasets. Results and conclusions from a series of comparative studies with conventional estimation by analogy approach using the available datasets are presented. The studies were also carried out to statistically investigate the significant differences between predictions generated by our approaches and those generated by the most popular techniques such as: conventional analogy estimation, neural network and stepwise regression. The results and conclusions indicate that the two proposed approaches have potential to deliver comparable, if not better, accuracy than the compared techniques. The results also found that Grey Relational Analysis tolerates the uncertainty associated with using different data types. As well as the original contributions within the thesis, a number of directions for further research are presented. Most chapters in this thesis have been disseminated in international journals and highly refereed conference proceedings.
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Brinis, Safia. "Techniques for indexing large and complex datasets with missing attribute values." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-01122016-150947/.
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Due to the increasing amount and complexity of data processed in real world applications, similarity search became a vital task to store and retrieve such data. However, missing attribute values are very frequent and metric access methods (MAMs), designed to support similarity search, do not operate on datasets when attribute values are missing. Currently, the approach to use the existing indexing techniques on datasets with missing attribute values just use an indicator to identify the missing values and employ a traditional indexing technique. Although, this approach can be applied over multidimensional indexing techniques, it is impractical for metric access methods. This dissertation presents the results of a research conducted to identify and deal with the issues related to indexing and querying datasets with missing values in metric spaces. An empirical analysis of the metric access methods when applied on incomplete datasets leads us to identify two main issues: distortion of the internal structure of the index when data are missing at random and skew of the index structure when data are not missing at random. Based on those findings, a new variant of the Slim-tree access method, called Hollow-tree, is presented. It employs new techniques that are capable to handle missing data issues when missingness is ignorable. The first technique includes a set of indexing policies that allow to index objects with missing attribute values and prevent distortions to occur in the internal structure of the indexes. The second technique targets the similarity queries to improve the query performance over incomplete datasets. This technique employs the fractal dimension of the dataset and the local density around the query object to estimate an ideal radius able to achieve an accurate query answer, considering data with missing values as a potential response. Results from experiments with a variety of real and synthetic datasets show that Hollow-tree achieves nearly 100% of precision and recall for Range queries and more than 90% for k Nearest Neighbor queries, while Slim-tree access method deteriorates with the increasing amount of missing values. The results confirm that the indexing technique helps to establish consistency in the index structure and the searching technique achieves a remarkable performance. When combined, the new techniques allow to explore properly all the available data even with high amounts of missing attribute values. As they are independent of the underlying access method, they can be adopted by a broad range of metric access methods, allowing to extend the class of MAMs.<br>O crescimento em quantidade e complexidade dos dados processados e armazenados torna a busca por similaridade uma tarefa fundamental para tratar esses dados. No entanto, atributos faltantes ocorrem freqüentemente, inviabilizando os métodos de acesso métricos (MAMs) projetados para apoiar a busca por similaridade. Assim, técnicas de tratamento de dados faltantes precisam ser desenvolvidas. A abordagem mais comum para executar as técnicas de indexação existentes sobre conjuntos de dados com valores faltantes é usar um indicador de valores faltantes e usar as técnicas de indexação tradicionais. Embora, esta técnica seja útil para os métodos de indexação multidimensionais, é impraticável para os métodos de acesso métricos. Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada para identificar e lidar com os problemas de indexação e recuperação de dados em espaços métricos com valores faltantes. Uma análise experimental dos MAMs aplicados a conjuntos de dados incompletos identificou dois problemas principais: distorção na estrutura interna do índice quando a falta é aleatória e busca tendenciosa na estrutura do índice quando o processo de falta não é aleatório. Uma variante do MAM Slim-tree, chamada Hollow-tree foi proposta com base nestes resultados. A Hollow-tree usa novas técnicas de indexação e de recuperação de dados com valores faltantes quando o processo de falta é aleatório. A técnica de indexação inclui um conjunto de políticas de indexação que visam a evitar distorções na estrutura interna dos índices. A técnica de recuperação de dados melhora o desempenho das consultas por similaridade sobre bases de dados incompletas. Essas técnicas utilizam o conceito de dimensão fractal do conjunto de dados e a densidade local da região de busca para estimar um raio de busca ideal para obter uma resposta mais correta, considerando os dados com valores faltantes como uma resposta potencial. As técnicas propostas foram avaliadas sobre diversos conjuntos de dados reais e sintéticos. Os resultados mostram que a Hollow-tree atinge quase 100% de precisão e revocação para consultas por abrangência e mais de 90% para k vizinhos mais próximos, enquanto a Slim-tree rapidamente deteriora com o aumento da quantidade de valores faltantes. Tais resultados indicam que a técnica de indexação proposta ajuda a estabelecer a consistência na estrutura do índice e a técnica de busca pode ser realizada com um desempenho notável. As técnicas propostas são independentes do MAM básico usado e podem ser aplicadas em uma grande variedade deles, permitindo estender a classe dos MAMs em geral para tratar dados faltantes.
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Silva, Diego Furtado. "Classificação de séries temporais por similaridade e extração de atributos com aplicação na identificação automática de insetos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-28042014-142456/.
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Um dos grandes desafios em mineração de dados é a integração de dados temporais ao seu processo. Existe um grande número de aplicações emergentes que envolvem dados temporais, incluindo a identificação de transações fraudulentas em cartões de crédito e ligações telefônicas, a detecção de intrusão em sistemas computacionais, a predição de estruturas secundárias de proteínas, a análise de dados provenientes de sensores, entre muitas outras. Neste trabalho, tem-se interesse na classificação de séries temporais que representam sinais de áudio. Como aplicação principal, tem-se interesse em classificar sinais de insetos coletados por um sensor óptico, que deve ser capaz de contar e classificar os insetos de maneira automática. Apesar de serem coletados opticamente, os sinais capturados se assemelham a sinais de áudio. O objetivo desta pesquisa é comparar métodos de classificação por similaridade e por extração de atributos que possam ser utilizados no contexto da classificação de insetos. Para isso, foram empregados os principais métodos de classificação de sinais de áudio, que têm sido propostos para problemas como reconhecimento de instrumentos musicais, fala e espécies animais. Neste trabalho, é mostrado que, de modo geral, a abordagem por extração de atributos é mais eficaz do que a classificação por similaridade. Mais especificamente, os melhores resultados são obtidos com a utilização de coeficientes mel-cepstrais. Este trabalho apresenta contribuições significativas em outras aplicações, também relacionadas à análise de séries temporais e sinais de áudio, por similaridade e por extração de atributos<br>One of the major challenges in data mining is the integration of temporal data to its process. There are a number of emerging applications that involve temporal data, including fraud detection in credit card transactions and phone calls, intrusion detection in computer systems, the prediction of secondary structures of proteins, the analysis of data from sensors, and many others. In this work, our main interest is the classification of time series that represent audio signals. Our main interest is an application for classifying signals of insects collected from an optical sensor, which should count and classify insects automatically. Although these signals are optically collected, they resemble audio signals. The objective of this research is to compare classification methods based on similarity and feature extraction in the context of insects classification. For this purpose, we used the main classification methods for audio signals, which have been proposed for problems such as musical instrument, speech and animal species recognition. This work shows that, in general, the approach based on feature extraction is more accurate than the classification by similarity. More specifically, the best results are obtained with mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients. This work also presents significant contributions in other applications, also related to the analysis of time series and audio signals by similarity and feature extraction
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Bashon, Yasmina M. "Contributions to fuzzy object comparison and applications. Similarity measures for fuzzy and heterogeneous data and their applications." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6305.
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This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge in the fi eld
of data objects' comparison where the objects are described by attributes
of fuzzy or heterogeneous (numeric and symbolic) data types.
Many real world database systems and applications require information
management components that provide support for managing
such imperfect and heterogeneous data objects. For example,
with new online information made available from various sources, in
semi-structured, structured or unstructured representations, new information
usage and search algorithms must consider where such data
collections may contain objects/records with di fferent types of data:
fuzzy, numerical and categorical for the same attributes.
New approaches of similarity have been presented in this research to
support such data comparison. A generalisation of both geometric and set theoretical similarity models has enabled propose new similarity
measures presented in this thesis, to handle the vagueness (fuzzy data
type) within data objects. A framework of new and unif ied similarity
measures for comparing heterogeneous objects described by numerical,
categorical and fuzzy attributes has also been introduced.
Examples are used to illustrate, compare and discuss the applications
and e fficiency of the proposed approaches to heterogeneous data comparison.<br>Libyan Embassy
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Bashon, Yasmina Massoud. "Contributions to fuzzy object comparison and applications : similarity measures for fuzzy and heterogeneous data and their applications." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6305.
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This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge in the fi eld of data objects' comparison where the objects are described by attributes of fuzzy or heterogeneous (numeric and symbolic) data types. Many real world database systems and applications require information management components that provide support for managing such imperfect and heterogeneous data objects. For example, with new online information made available from various sources, in semi-structured, structured or unstructured representations, new information usage and search algorithms must consider where such data collections may contain objects/records with di fferent types of data: fuzzy, numerical and categorical for the same attributes. New approaches of similarity have been presented in this research to support such data comparison. A generalisation of both geometric and set theoretical similarity models has enabled propose new similarity measures presented in this thesis, to handle the vagueness (fuzzy data type) within data objects. A framework of new and unif ied similarity measures for comparing heterogeneous objects described by numerical, categorical and fuzzy attributes has also been introduced. Examples are used to illustrate, compare and discuss the applications and e fficiency of the proposed approaches to heterogeneous data comparison.
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Sharma, Nikita. "Detection of Similarly-structured Anomalous sets of nodes in Graphs." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627665644265336.
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Haugeard, Jean-Emmanuel. "Extraction et reconnaissance de primitives dans les façades de Paris à l'aide d'appariement de graphes." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0497.
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Cette dernière décennie, la modélisation des villes 3D est devenue l'un des enjeux de la recherche multimédia et un axe important en reconnaissance d'objets. Dans cette thèse nous nous sommes intéressés à localiser différentes primitives, plus particulièrement les fenêtres, dans les façades de Paris. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons une analyse des façades et des différentes propriétés des fenêtres. Nous en déduisons et proposons ensuite un algorithme capable d'extraire automatiquement des hypothèses de fenêtres. Dans une deuxième partie, nous abordons l'extraction et la reconnaissance des primitives à l'aide d'appariement de graphes de contours. En effet une image de contours est lisible par l'oeil humain qui effectue un groupement perceptuel et distingue les entités présentes dans la scène. C'est ce mécanisme que nous avons cherché à reproduire. L'image est représentée sous la forme d'un graphe d'adjacence de segments de contours, valué par des informations d'orientation et de proximité des segments de contours. Pour la mise en correspondance inexacte des graphes, nous proposons plusieurs variantes d'une nouvelle similarité basée sur des ensembles de chemins tracés sur les graphes, capables d'effectuer les groupements des contours et robustes aux changements d'échelle. La similarité entre chemins prend en compte la similarité des ensembles de segments de contours et la similarité des régions définies par ces chemins. La sélection des images d'une base contenant un objet particulier s'effectue à l'aide d'un classifieur SVM ou kppv. La localisation des objets dans l'image utilise un système de vote à partir des chemins sélectionnés par l'algorithme d'appariement<br>This last decade, modeling of 3D city became one of the challenges of multimedia search and an important focus in object recognition. In this thesis we are interested to locate various primitive, especially the windows, in the facades of Paris. At first, we present an analysis of the facades and windows properties. Then we propose an algorithm able to extract automatically window candidates. In a second part, we discuss about extraction and recognition primitives using graph matching of contours. Indeed an image of contours is readable by the human eye, which uses perceptual grouping and makes distinction between entities present in the scene. It is this mechanism that we have tried to replicate. The image is represented as a graph of adjacency of segments of contours, valued by information orientation and proximity to edge segments. For the inexact matching of graphs, we propose several variants of a new similarity based on sets of paths, able to group several contours and robust to scale changes. The similarity between paths takes into account the similarity of sets of segments of contours and the similarity of the regions defined by these paths. The selection of images from a database containing a particular object is done using a KNN or SVM classifier
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Simha, Ramanuja N. "Mining Associations Using Directed Hypergraphs." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3345.
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This thesis proposes a novel directed hypergraph based model for any database. We introduce the notion of association rules for multi-valued attributes, which is an adaptation of the definition of quantitative association rules known in the literature. The association rules for multi-valued attributes are integrated in building the directed hypergraph model. This model allows to capture attribute-level associations and their strength. Basing on this model, we provide association-based similarity notions between any two attributes and present a method for finding clusters of similar attributes. We then propose algorithms to identify a subset of attributes known as a leading indicator that influences the values of almost all other attributes. Finally, we present an association-based classifier that can be used to predict values of attributes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model, notions, algorithms, and classifier through experiments on a financial time-series data set (S&P 500).
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Diniso, Chuma. "Consumers' perceptions when evaluating brand extensions in relation to the original brand." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2918_1298370876.
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<p>This study examines how consumers perceive the overall quality and similarity/fit of the brand extensions (Nike camera, Nike socks, and Nike golf balls) in relation to the original brand (Nike athletic shoes) and how these perceptions influence their attitudes towards the extensions. The researcher proposes that the perceived overall quality of the brand extensions will be congruent to that of the original brand and that the attitude towards the brand extensions will be favourable only when there is a perceived similarity/fit between the brand extensions and the original brand. In order to get these insights, the study surveyed 147 undergraduate and postgraduate students from the University of the Western Cape across all faculties. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used to access respondents. To collect data, qualitative and quantitative methods were employed using a questionnaire which consisted of open-ended and closed-ended questions in the form of free associations technique and 5-point Likert scales. The data gathered was analysed by means of descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation coefficient. The findings indicate two things. (1) respondents only perceived Nike socks&rsquo<br>overall quality to be congruent to the original brand, Nike athletic shoes. (2) respondents only perceived Nike socks to be strongly similar to the original brand, Nike athletic shoes.</p>
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Haugeard, Jean-Emmanuel. "Extraction et reconnaissance de primitives dans les façades de Paris à l'aide de similarités de graphes." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593985.
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Cette dernière décennie, la modélisation des villes 3D est devenue l'un des enjeux de la recherche multimédia et un axe important en reconnaissance d'objets. Dans cette thèse nous nous sommes intéressés à localiser différentes primitives, plus particulièrement les fenêtres, dans les façades de Paris. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons une analyse des façades et des différentes propriétés des fenêtres. Nous en déduisons et proposons ensuite un algorithme capable d'extraire automatiquement des hypothèses de fenêtres. Dans une deuxième partie, nous abordons l'extraction et la reconnaissance des primitives à l'aide d'appariement de graphes de contours. En effet une image de contours est lisible par l'oeil humain qui effectue un groupement perceptuel et distingue les entités présentes dans la scène. C'est ce mécanisme que nous avons cherché à reproduire. L'image est représentée sous la forme d'un graphe d'adjacence de segments de contours, valué par des informations d'orientation et de proximité des segments de contours. Pour la mise en correspondance inexacte des graphes, nous proposons plusieurs variantes d'une nouvelle similarité basée sur des ensembles de chemins tracés sur les graphes, capables d'effectuer les groupements des contours et robustes aux changements d'échelle. La similarité entre chemins prend en compte la similarité des ensembles de segments de contours et la similarité des régions définies par ces chemins. La sélection des images d'une base contenant un objet particulier s'effectue à l'aide d'un classifieur SVM ou kppv. La localisation des objets dans l'image utilise un système de vote à partir des chemins sélectionnés par l'algorithme d'appariement.
Books on the topic "Attribute Similarity"
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Ihlenfeld, Janet T. FRIENDSHIP, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND SCHOLARLY PRODUCTIVITY IN NURSING FACULTY MEMBERS: AN EXPLORATORY TEST OF THE EXCHANGE HYPOTHESIS (PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING, FACULTY STRESS, ATTRIBUTE SIMILARITY). 1986.
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Metcalf, Michael, John Reid, and Malcolm Cohen. Specification statements. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811893.003.0008.
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All the means whereby variables are specified with a name, type, attributes, and (possibly) initial values are fully described. The specification of named constants is similarly described. The rules for expressions that may appear in specification statements are listed. The methods used to access entities in modules and to control that access are described. The block construct is introduced. Structure constructors for objects of derived type are explained.
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Weiss, Meredith L. The Roots of Resilience. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750045.001.0001.
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This book examines governance from the ground up in the world's two most enduring electoral authoritarian or “hybrid” regimes—Singapore and Malaysia—where politically liberal and authoritarian features are blended to evade substantive democracy. Although skewed elections, curbed civil liberties, and a dose of coercion help sustain these regimes, selectively structured state policies and patronage, partisan machines that effectively stand in for local governments, and diligently sustained clientelist relations between politicians and constituents are equally important. While key attributes of these regimes differ, affecting the scope, character, and balance among national parties and policies, local machines, and personalized linkages—and notwithstanding a momentous change of government in Malaysia in 2018—the similarity in the overall patterns in these countries confirms the salience of these dimensions. As the book shows, taken together, these attributes accustom citizens to the system in place, making meaningful change in how electoral mobilization and policymaking happen all the harder to change. This authoritarian acculturation is key to the durability of both regimes, but, given weaker party competition and party–civil society links, is stronger in Singapore than Malaysia. High levels of authoritarian acculturation, amplifying the political payoffs of what parties and politicians actually provide their constituents, explain why electoral turnover alone is insufficient for real regime change in either state.
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Donald A, Timm. Part II Commentaries to Typical Sofa Rules, 28 The ‘Joint Commission’ Liaison Mechanism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0028.
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This chapter discusses a solution for coordination problems developed by the US in conjunction with the individual Sending States in whose territory the US has been invited to send its forces in peacetime. Although each individual case has its differences due to different sovereigns, different times of development, and different sizes or missions of the forces involved, there are nonetheless many conceptual similarities which transcend these differences and which may recommend themselves as a guide. The core similarity is the concept of a single overarching binational body charged with overseeing the implementation of the status-of-forces agreement (SOFA) and facilitating communication and cooperation between the cognizant authorities of the two sovereigns. This chapter discusses the general attributes of the ‘Joint Commission’ liaison mechanism in particular. It explains the purpose of the mechanism, its structure, its operation and authority, and the administration of the Joint Commission structure.
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Figone, Albert J. “Do You Have Anything for Me?”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037283.003.0005.
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This chapter turns to a history of gambling scandals that plagued college football. It shows how gambling in college football has grown steadily from its beginnings in the latter part of the nineteenth century, and this growth, like with college basketball, can be similarly attributed to the new technologies and the socio-economic circumstances of the time. However, despite repeated abuses in recruiting, subsidizing, and academics, the sport escaped the game-fixing scandals that had plagued college basketball. Nonetheless, since the 1990s, college officials, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and law enforcement at the federal, state, and local levels have investigated and indicted an increasing number of college football players who have bet on sports, in some cases against their own teams.
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Barkawi, Tarak. Empire and Order in International Relations and Security Studies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.164.
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International relations (IR) and security studies lack a coherent and developed body of inquiry on the issue of empire. The central focus of IR situates discussion of imperialism and hierarchy outside the core of the discipline, and on its fringes where scholars from other disciplines engage with IR and security studies literature. Similarly, security studies focus on major war between great powers, not “small wars” between the strong and the weak. The general neglect of empire and imperialism in IR and security studies can be attributed to Eurocentrism, of the unreflective assumption of the centrality of Europe and latterly the West in human affairs. In IR this often involves placing the great powers at the center of analysis, as the primary agents in determining the fate of peoples. Too easily occluded here are the myriad international relations of co-constitution, which together shape societies and polities in both the global North and South. In 1986, Michael Doyle published Empires, a thoughtful effort to systematize the historiography of empire and imperialism with social science concepts. It is rarely cited, much less discussed, in disciplinary literature. By contrast, the pair of articles he published in 1983 on Kant and the connection between liberalism and peace revived the democratic peace research program, which became a key pillar of the liberal challenge to realism in the 1990s and is widely debated. The reception of Doyle’s work is indicative of how imperialism can be present but really absent in IR and security studies.
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Thuesen, Peter J. Tornado God. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680282.001.0001.
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One of the earliest sources of humanity’s religious impulse was severe weather, which ancient peoples attributed to the wrath of storm gods. Enlightenment thinkers derided such beliefs as superstition and predicted they would pass away as humans became more scientifically and theologically sophisticated. But in America, scientific and theological hubris came face to face with the tornado, nature’s most violent windstorm. Striking the United States more than any other nation, tornadoes have consistently defied scientists’ efforts to unlock their secrets. Meteorologists now acknowledge that even the most powerful computers will likely never be able to predict a tornado’s precise path. Similarly, tornadoes have repeatedly brought Americans to the outer limits of theology, drawing them into the vortex of such mysteries as how to reconcile suffering with a loving God and whether there is underlying purpose or randomness in the universe. In this groundbreaking history, Peter Thuesen captures the harrowing drama of tornadoes, as clergy, theologians, meteorologists, and ordinary citizens struggle to make sense of these death-dealing tempests. He argues that, in the tornado, Americans experience something that is at once culturally peculiar (the indigenous storm of the national imagination) and religiously primal (the sense of awe before an unpredictable and mysterious power). He also shows that, in an era of climate change, the weather raises the issue of society’s complicity in natural disasters. In the whirlwind, Americans confront the question of their own destiny—how much is self-determined and how much is beyond human understanding or control.
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Polèse, Mario. The Wealth and Poverty of Cities. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190053710.001.0001.
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Much has been written about cities as engines of growth and prosperity. Cities have been centers of civilization since the beginning of history. A rich nation without cities is an impossibility. Yet, as this book explains, the central foundations of wealth and economic well-being are rooted in the attributes of nations and actions of national governments. If the nation does not work, nor will its cities. This book looks at the economy of cities through the lens of “The Ten Pillars of Urban Success,” covering a full range of policy concerns from top (i.e., sound macroeconomic management) to bottom (i.e., safe neighborhoods). Cities rich and poor around the world that are as different as New York, Vienna, Buenos Aires, and Port au Prince are examined. Urban success or failure almost always takes us back to the wise or unwise decisions of national and/or state governments. Urban success is about more than economics. Cities that have managed to produce livable urban environments for the majority of their citizens mirror the societies that spawned them. Similarly, cities that have failed are almost always signs of more deep-rooted failures. A socially cohesive city in a divided nation is an oxymoron. In the final chapter, the book proposes a critical look at America’s urban failures, its declining Rustbelt cities, and inner-city ghettos. Such failures should not have happened in the world’s richest nation. That they did is not only the sign of a deeper malaise, but also a warning to the wealthy urbanizing societies of tomorrow.
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Kaposi, Zoltán, and Virág Rab, eds. Different Approaches to Economic and Social Changes: New Research Issues, Sources and Results. Working Group of Economic and Social History Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/seshst-02.
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This series was launched in 2021 by the Working Group of Economic and Social History of the Pécs Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to present research conducted within its framework. The foreign language edition is meant to be a contribution to the internationalization of research made in Hungary. The Working Group has made every effort since the publication of the first two volumes to allow its members, and also their Ph.D. students, to publish their findings more easily and in larger volume, providing at the same time an opportunity for other professionals in the region of South Transdanubia to publish their researches. The majority of the studies in this book, similarly to the first volume of the series, are about the history of the region, but some of the papers go beyond this theme. The diversity of the papers created an inspiring environment for the authors, which in turn has greatly stimulated the already existing professional cooperation among them. Both the editors and the authors find it very important to popularise the economic and social history of the region as broadly as possible, in line with the ambitions of the Pécs Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In addition, this book also promotes the cooperation among generations of researchers; it is not only the young that enjoy the support of their senior colleagues but the ideas and momentum of the younger generation also keep the activity of the Working Group at a high level. It is due to the well-functioning generational discussions, among other things, that several young researchers earned their Ph.D. degree in 2021. The framework of the studies in the broader sense is the economic and social history of Hungary and Europe in the 18th – 20th centuries. The papers in this volume also provide information about the development and current phases of the different pieces of research. Several papers are sequels to publications released in 2021 from a chronological or thematic aspect, however the book contains brand new topics as well. Great significance is attributed to the fact that several renowned international members of the research network of the Working Group were also persuaded to publish. The results of some ongoing Ph.D. research are also presented. The high number of young authors is a proof that the professional interest in economic and social history is not decreasing at all. We do hope that this book will contribute to the maintenance of this trend.
Book chapters on the topic "Attribute Similarity"
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Baioletti, Marco, Giulianella Coletti, and Davide Petturiti. "Weighted Attribute Combinations Based Similarity Measures." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31718-7_22.
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Gust, Helmar, and Carla Umbach. "A Qualitative Similarity Framework for the Interpretation of Natural Language Similarity Expressions." In Language, Cognition, and Mind. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_4.
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AbstractIn this paper, a representational framework is presented featuring a qualitative notion of similarity. It is aimed at issues of natural language semantics, in particular the semantics of expressions of similarity and sameness and their role in comparison and ad-hoc kind formation. The framework makes use of attribute spaces, which are well-established in AI and also in some branches of natural language semantics, e.g., frame-based approaches (Barsalou 1992). What distinguishes attribute spaces and representations as proposed in this paper is the idea of systems of predicates on attribute spaces corresponding to predicates on the domain. On the worldy side, a domain includes a set of relevant predicates talking about individuals. These predicates have counterparts on the representational side talking about points of an attribute space. Counterpart predicates are required to be consistent with their originals; more precisely, they have to agree in truth-value on the set of positive and negative exemplars thereby approximating the original predicates. Moreover, counterpart predicates will be assumed to have convex and open extensions. This system facilitates a qualitative notion of similarity which is suited to account for the meaning of natural language similarity expressions and, furthermore, their role in comparison and ad-hoc kind formation.
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Coletti, Giulianella, Davide Petturiti, and Barbara Vantaggi. "Fuzzy Weighted Attribute Combinations Based Similarity Measures." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61581-3_33.
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Umbach, Carla, and Helmar Gust. "Grading Similarity." In Language, Cognition, and Mind. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_17.
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AbstractThere are numerous words across languages expressing similarity or indistinguishability. In this paper, three types of similarity expressions in German and English are compared—ähnlich/similar, so/such, and gleich/same. They differ in a number of respects, one of them being gradability: While ähnlich/similar are gradable, so/such as well as gleich/same are not. The analysis in this paper starts from the analysis of German so as a demonstrative expressing similarity (instead of identity) to its demonstration target (Umbach and Gust 2014). It is suggested that the meaning of the three types of similarity expressions is based on a common similarity relation, while differences in meaning are provided by constraints referring to the selection of dimensions of comparison and preconditions of usage. The focus of the paper is on gradability and on the question of what it means for a pair of items to be more similar than another pair. An analysis in the spirit of Klein (1980) is presented accounting for the fact that ähnlich/similar are gradable while neither so/such nor gleich/same are. The formal framework makes use of representations based on attribute spaces and classifiers, where representations may be of different granularity.
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Pizzuti, Clara, and Annalisa Socievole. "Community Detection in Attributed Networks via Kernel-Based Effective Resistance and Attribute Similarity." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12423-5_28.
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Citraro, Salvatore, Valentina Pansanella, and Giulio Rossetti. "Structure-Attribute Similarity Interplay in Diffusion Dynamics on Social Networks." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_27.
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Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, Farhad, Tofigh Allahviranloo, Witold Pedrycz, Mohammadreza Shahriari, Hamid Sharafi, and Somayeh Razipour GhalehJough. "Technique for Order Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS) in Uncertainty Environment." In Fuzzy Decision Analysis: Multi Attribute Decision Making Approach. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44742-6_6.
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Sengupta, Shampa, and Asit Kr Das. "Single Reduct Generation by Attribute Similarity Measurement Based on Relative Indiscernibility." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27308-7_51.
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Tiansi, Du, Deng Na, and Chen Weijie. "Community Division Algorithm Based on Node Similarity and Multi-attribute Fusion." In Advances in Internet, Data & Web Technologies. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95903-6_10.
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Kohlmaier, Andreas, Sascha Schmitt, and Ralph Bergmann. "A Similarity-Based Approach to Attribute Selection in User-Adaptive Sales Dialogs." In Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44593-5_22.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Attribute Similarity"
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Mackey, Patrick, Jacob Miller, and Liz Faultersack. "Improving Property Graph Layouts by Leveraging Attribute Similarity for Structurally Equivalent Nodes." In 2024 IEEE Visualization and Visual Analytics (VIS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/vis55277.2024.00036.
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Ma, Shiji, Li Guo, Fang Ren, Qifan Cui, and Zheng Yu. "Multisource point-of-interest matching method based on multi-attribute feature similarity." In Third International Conference on Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Technology (GIRST 2024), edited by Francesco Benedetto, Fabio Tosti, and Roman Alvarez. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3059736.
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Li, Xun, Xianfeng Zhu, Renmeng Lu, Na Long, and Lijun Pan. "An Attribute Similarity-Based Approach to Compress and Merge Alarms of Multiple Microservice Applications." In 2024 5th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Intelligent Control (ICCEIC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icceic64099.2024.10775967.
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Patterson, Frank, and Daniel Schrage. "Comparison of Probabilistic and Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Making Methods for Capturing Uncertainty in Concept Selection." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10118.
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An evolving set of modern conceptual design methods seek to explore the feasibility of a new generation of systems, with new capabilities, to accomplish missions that conventional vehicles cannot be empirically redesigned to perform. These methods attempt to provide a more complete understanding of a concept's design space, and can accurately forecast a design's feasibility in the face of huge uncertainties at the conceptual stage. Modern Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) techniques are evolving to help designers narrow large sets of potential concept architectures while accounting for the uncertainty inherent in early requirements and pre-modeling, expert based assessment. Here, several under-utilized fuzzy MADM methods are introduced and compared to their more recently proposed and utilized probabilistic counterparts. Probabilistic and fuzzy versions of the popular Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods are explored, and their results are applied to the selection of a conceptual system architecture for DARPA's VTOL X-Plane program. Various means for visualizing and comparing the resulting ranks and their related uncertainty are discussed.
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Belohlavek, Radim, and Vilem Vychodil. "Similarity issues in attribute implications from data with fuzzy attributes." In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iri.2006.252401.
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Jain, Mayank, Sourangshu Bhattacharya, Harshit Jain, Karimulla Shaik, and Muthusamy Chelliah. "Learning Cross-Task Attribute - Attribute Similarity for Multi-task Attribute-Value Extraction." In Proceedings of The 4th Workshop on e-Commerce and NLP. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.ecnlp-1.10.
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Scheirer, W. J., N. Kumar, P. N. Belhumeur, and T. E. Boult. "Multi-attribute spaces: Calibration for attribute fusion and similarity search." In 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248021.
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Ak, Kenan E., Joo Hwee Lim, Jo Yew Tham, and Ashraf A. Kassim. "Efficient Multi-attribute Similarity Learning Towards Attribute-Based Fashion Search." In 2018 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2018.00186.
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Belohlavek, Radim, and Vilem Vychodil. "Attribute implications in similarity-based databases." In the 27th Annual ACM Symposium. ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2245276.2245441.
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Ribeiro, Leonardo Andrade, Felipe Ferreira Borges, and Diego Junior do Carmo Oliveira. "A Framework for Set Similarity Join on Multi-Attribute Data." In XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbbd.2020.13625.
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Set similarity join, which finds all pairs of similar sets in a collection, plays an important role in data cleaning and integration. Many algorithms have been proposed to efficiently answer set similarity join on single-attribute data. However, real-world data often contain multiple attributes. In this paper, we propose a framework to enhance existing algorithms with additional filters for dealing with multi-attribute data. We then present a simple, yet effective filter based on lightweight indexes, for which exact and probabilistic implementation alternatives are evaluated. Finally, we devise a cost model to identify the best attribute ordering to reduce processing time. Our experimental results show that our approach is effective and significantly outperforms previous work.
Reports on the topic "Attribute Similarity"
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Beauchemin, M., and K. B. Fung. Image Thresholding Based on Spatial Variation Attribute Similarity. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220053.
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Moran, Nava, Richard Crain, and Wolf-Dieter Reiter. Regulation by Light of Plant Potassium Uptake through K Channels: Biochemical, Physiological and Biophysical Study. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571356.bard.
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The swelling of plant motor cells is regulated by various signals with almost unknown mediators. One of the obligatory steps in the signaling cascade is the activation of K+-influx channels -K+ channels activated by hyperpolarization (KH channels). We thus explored the regulation of these channels in our model system, motor cell protoplasts from Samanea saman, using patch-clamp in the "whole cell" configuration. (a) The most novel finding was that the activity of KH channels in situ varied with the time of the day, in positive correlation with cell swelling: in Extensor cells KH channels were active in the earlier part of the day, while in Flexor cells only during the later part of the day; (b) High internal pH promoted the activity of these channels in Extensor cells, opposite to the behavior of the equivalent channels in guard cells, but in conformity with the predicted behavior of the putative KH channel, cloned from S. saman recently; (c) HIgh external K+ concentration increased (KH channel currents in Flexor cells. BL depolarized the Flexor cells, as detected in cell-attached patch-clamp recording, using KD channels (the K+-efflux channels) as "voltage-sensing devices". Subsequent Red-Light (RL) pulse followed by Darkness, hyperpolarized the cell. We attribute these changes to the inhibition of the H+-pump by BL and its reactivation by RL, as they were abolished by an H+-pump inhibitor. BL increased also the activity KD channels, in a voltage-independent manner - in all probability by an independent signaling pathway. Blue-Light (BL), which stimulates shrinking of Flexor cells, evoked the IP3 signaling cascade (detected directly by IP3 binding assay), known to mobilize cytosolic Ca2+. Nevertheless, cytosolic Ca2+ . did not activate the KD channel in excised, inside-out patches. In this study we established a close functional similarity of the KD channels between Flexor and Extensior cells. Thus the differences in their responses must stem from different links to signaling in both cell types.
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Araujo, María Caridad, Marta Rubio-Codina, and Norbert Schady. 70 to 700 to 70,000: Lessons from the Jamaica Experiment. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003210.
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This document compares three versions of the same home visiting model, the well-known Jamaica model, which was gradually scaled-up from an efficacy trial (proof of concept) in Jamaica, to a pilot in Colombia, to an at-scale program in Peru. It first describes the design, implementation and impacts of these three programs. Then, it analyzes the threats to scalability in each of these experiences and discusses how they could have affected program outcomes, with a focus on three of the elements of the economic model of scaling in Al-Ubaydli, et al. (Forthcoming): appropriate statistical inference, properties of the population, and properties of the situation. The document reflects on the lessons learned to mitigate the threats to scalability and on how research and evaluation can be better aligned to facilitate and support the scaling-up process of early child development interventions. It points out those attributes that interventions must maintain to ensure effectiveness at scale. Similarly, political support is also identified as indispensable.
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Dinger, Eric, and Eric Dinger. Analysis of stream types in Klamath Network parks based on physical habitat and chemical characters. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2306085.
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This is the first ?Analysis and Synthesis? report required by the Klamath Inventory and Monitoring Network?s stream monitoring protocol. This report synthesizes the physical and chemical attributes of streams surveyed by the Klamath Network between 2011 and 2018 in the following parks: Crater Lake National Park, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Redwood National and State Parks, and Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve). Where possible, it categorizes individual streams into groups using multivariate exploratory analyses and assigns statistical significance to the groups via Similarity Profile analyses. Streams are sorted into similar groups for eight different metric categories: Channel Morphology (e.g., bank angle, width, depth, etc.), Habitat Complexity (amount and types of cover), Large Woody Debris (categories of length and diameter of fallen wood), Riparian Characters (e.g., percent cover of tree, shrub, and groundcover types), Slope and Sinuosity, Stream Substrate (e.g., percent fine substrate, median substrate size), Water Chemistry (e.g., nutrients and salts), and Water Quality (e.g., dissolved oxygen, turbidity). Secondary to the categorization of streams within each park, the streams are compared among parks to identify which parks may have similar streams. Similar streams potentially share both common stressors and common management practices for resource management. The analyses in this report form the foundation of future work; they are ?basic? results. Follow-up work will use these basic results more fully, such as for analyses that incorporate biological data and support trend reports. The main body of the report presents a high-level overview of individual park results and inter-park comparisons. The appendices present full results for each park, including numerous figures and maps. Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve results are limited by small sample size (n = 3) and the hand-selected sampling scheme we used instead of a probabilistic sampling scheme. However, including Oregon Caves? sites in this analysis puts them into a larger network context.
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Mendoza, Jonathan Alberto, Carolina Mazo, Lina Margarita Conn, Álvaro Rincón Castillo, Daniel Rojas Tapias, and Ruth Bonilla Buitrago. Evaluation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria associated to pastures of Bracharia from acid soils. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.informe.2015.5.
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Rhizobia have been widely known by their capacity to form a symbiotic relationship with legumes and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Recently, however, rhizobia have shown to associate with plants in different botanical families. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the diversity of rhizobia associated to grasses, and determine their capabilities to solubilize phosphate in both lab and greenhouse experiments. Isolation of rhizobia was performed using rhizosphere from Brachiaria brizantha and B. decumbens and a promiscuous legume trap plant (i.e. Vigna unguiculata). Thirty days after inoculation of the trap plant, rhizobia were isolated from nodules using the conventional protocol, classified in basis on their phenotypic features, and molecularly grouped using Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). Finally, phosphate solubilization assays and greenhouse experiments were carried out on representatives of each ARDRA cluster. The results showed that the diversity of rhizobia varied between both plant species, which suggests that plant exudates significantly determine the composition of the plant microbiome. Surprisingly, most of the isolated associated to B. brizantha rhizosphere exhibited typical attributes of slow-growing rhizobia, whereas rhizobia from B. decumbens displayed a mixed diversity including slow-, intermediate-, and fast-growing rhizobia. Sequencing of 16S rRNA of ARDRA representatives showed that most of the rhizobia isolated from B. brizantha belonged to the Mesorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium genera, while those isolated from B. decumbens were phylogenetically clustered into Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium. The capability of the isolates to solubilize phosphate was studied using iron and calcium phosphate. We observed that overall Bradyrhizobium exhibited the highest ability to solubilize iron phosphate; by contrast, calcium phosphate was similarly solubilized within representatives of the three genera. In greenhouse experiments, we found that plants inoculated with isolated BT53, BD17 and BD21 exhibited a significantly higher content of phosphorus (p≤0.05). Additionally, dry weight was significantly higher in the treatment inoculated with BT16 isolate (p≤0.05). We conclude that 1) rhizobia is found associated with grasses, 2) plant genotype determines rhizobia diversity 3) rhizobia are able to solubilize phosphorus, and 4) they might be used to promote plant in different plant families. We further believe that further studies will reveal the true role of those old-known legume symbionts in development and growth of other important crops.
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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.
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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report