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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Attributional theory'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Xenikou, Athena. "Attributional theory, organisational culture and motivation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317967/.

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This thesis concerns the effect of attributions for failing in a creativity task and organisational culture (OC) on motivation to engage in similar tasks. In chapter one the relationship between situational attributions, attributional style (AS), and motivation is reviewed. A reformulation of Amabile's model of the social psychology of creativity is suggested on the grounds of recent developments in attributional theory. An extension of Amabile's theory is also proposed by investigating various social facilitators of creativity. In order for the proposed extension of Amabile's theory to be further elaborated within the organisational setting, the effect of organisational culture on creativity and innovation is reviewed in chapter two. Five studies were conducted to test a series of hypotheses derived from the above research. In study one, the moderating role of situational attributions in the relationship between failure and subsequent motivation was empirically shown in terms of the refined attributional theory of Weiner. Since the literature in AS has questioned the psychometric properties of the various measures of the concept, study two concerns the development of a more reliable and valid measure of AS. Results showed that a generalised expectancy for negative events is a predictor of low confidence and pessimism. In study three the new measure of AS was used to test for the hypothesised influence of AS on after-failure motivation through its effect on situational attributions. The suggested extension of Amabile's social psychology of creativity was also tested by examining whether pro-creativity social norms facilitate creative behaviour. The findings demonstrate that the globality facet of AS and the perceived social norms for creativity determine the perception of situational attributions, which in turn predicts the level of after-failure motivation. In order to examine the effect of social norms on motivation to be creative in the organisational setting, organisational norms as a manifestation of OC had to be measured. The fourth study was a psychometric assessment of four questionnaire measures of OC which showed the more reliable and valid measure to use. In addition, study four provided some evidence that the organisational norms of creativity, internal co-operation, and achievement constitute the cultural dimension of openness to change, while the norms of centralisation of power and competition are associated with resistance to change. The fmal study investigated the effect of OC on employees motivation to be creative through the mediating effect of situational attributions for failure and expectancy of future success. The hypotheses of this study were partly supported. The final chapter discusses the findings and the limitations of this thesis, drawing out possible implications for future research.
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2

Diaz, Alicia Alina. "Attributional fairness theory : the cognitive precursors of organizational justice judgments /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402957197436.

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3

Aakre, Jennifer Marie. "Attributional style in schizophrenia: Associations with suspiciousness and depressed mood." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1277739101.

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4

Allen, Andrew. "An investigation into declaration and attributional theory-based interventions, for improving children's reading, literacy skills and self-esteem." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506086.

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5

Rogers, Andrew. "Attributional style, theory of mind ability and episodic memory functioning : an integrated cognitive neuropsychological account of psychotic symptoms." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244780.

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6

Hawi, Nazir Salim. "An attributional approach to computer programming achievement of undergraduate business computing students in a university computer science department." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8219.

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Despite the existence of nineteen universities in Lebanon, student motivation and achievement have not received attention in relation to attribution theory by Lebanese researchers. In the present study, attribution theory is used as a conceptual framework for investigating the motivation of undergraduate business computing students at a Mediterranean university based on their academic achievement in an introductory computer programming course. While numerous studies have used attribution theory as a framework to study student motivation based on hypothetical scenarios or laboratory tasks, this study investigated forty-five male and female business computing students who completed a computer programming course that lasted for a thirteen-week semester. Instead of focusing on either success or failure, the study explored five strata of achievement outcomes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain students' perceptions. The participants made 11 causal attributions for their achievement outcomes. Only two of those 11 causes appeared in the original attribution theory model (Weiner et al. 1971, p.96), but they were amongst those least cited in this study. This study also shows that of the 11 causes, 'lack of study' and 'appropriate learning strategy' were the leading ones. The latter was cited by all high achievers. While there was total agreement on some of the underlying causal properties of some causal attributions, other causal attributions were perceived differently in the causal space. In addition, there was strong evidence that globality is a fourth dimension in this achievement context. Furthermore, the two dimensions of the Expectancy-Value motivation model (Amone 2005, p.4) do not seem to relate to attribution theory dimensions in this study, especially for low achievers. Finally, it was possible to identify some attribution styles that lead to either success or failure, thus supporting the predictive power of attribution theory.
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7

Vogel, Dominik. "Dem Gemeinwohl verpflichtet? - Was motiviert die Beschäftigten des öffentlichen Dienstes?" Bachelor's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5155/.

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Die Arbeit befasst sich theoretisch und empirisch mit der so genannten Public Service Motivation (PSM) und ihrem Zusammenhang zu anderen psychologischen Motivationstheorien. Die Public Service Motivation geht davon aus, dass öffentlich Beschäftigte unter anderem dadurch motiviert sind, dass sie in ihrer Arbeit einen Dienst am Gemeinwohl sehen. Auf Basis einer empirischen Erhebung konnte dieses Konstrukt auch für Beschäftigte in Deutschland nachgewiesen und der Einfluss soziodemographischer Variablen bestätigt werden. Darüber hinaus gibt die Arbeit erste Hinweise auf Zusammenhänge zu verschiedenen Prozesstheorien der Motivation. Empirisch zeigt sich vor allem zur Gleichheitstheorie und dem darauf aufbauenden Equity Sensitivity Construct ein starker Zusammenhang.
This thesis theoretically and empirically addresses the construct of Public Service Motivation (PSM) and its relationship to other psychological motivation theories. The concept of Public Service Motivation states that employees working in the public sector are primarily motivated by serving the common good. Based on an empirical study this construct was applied to public employees in Germany. Moreover the thesis collects evidence for the relationship between Public Service Motivation and process theories of motivation. As a key result, strong correlations were found between the PSM and the Equity Sensitivity Construct, a modification of equity theory.
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8

Boyden, Paul. "Humour and grandiosity : a systematic review of humour experiences in psychosis and an empirical preliminary investigation of 'theory of mind' and 'attributional style' in adults with grandiose delusions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2900/.

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This thesis first reviews the literature on humour experiences in adults experiencing psychosis. An empirical study was next conducted to test the application of sociocognitive models of paranoid delusions to grandiose delusions. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on electronic academic databases between 1980 and 2012. Seventeen studies that have utilised humorous tasks within explorations of either the comprehension and/or the appreciation of humorous stimuli were found. The literature suggests difficulties comprehending humour are clear in individuals with experiences of psychosis, and that this difficulty is augmented when there is a need to infer the mental states of others to understand jokes or humorous scenarios. However, the findings with respect to appreciation are less clear. Here the evidence points to the role of co-morbid mood symptoms such as depression and mania in the attenuation of humour appreciation. In the empirical study, a cross-sectional design was employed to compare the performance of individuals with grandiose delusions to a depressed control group on measures of Theory of Mind (ToM) and attributional style. Participants experiencing grandiose delusions performed significantly worse on both ToM tasks and produced significantly fewer references to mental states in a dialogue task. Following a symptombased approach, the presence of a grandiose delusion was significantly associated with poorer ToM on the joke appreciation and stories task. Participants with a grandiose delusion appear to have a ToM impairment independently of the severity of a comorbid persecutory delusion. Implications for clinical practice are also noted.
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9

Schneider, Ana Francisca. "Atribuições causais em situações de performance musical pública." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/31431.

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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as causas atribuídas por bacharelandos em música em situações consideradas de sucesso e fracasso em performance musical pública. A atribuição de causalidade busca compreender as causas que levam os indivíduos a obter resultados de sucesso ou de fracasso. Localizada dentro do contexto Social Cognitivo da Motivação, tem como principal objetivo conhecer as crenças das pessoas, que seriam as suas concepções de sucesso e fracasso, assim como o quanto elas estão envolvidas com o seu processo de aprendizagem. Weiner se destaca como o principal autor que desenvolveu e expandiu a teoria, dividindo-a em duas perspectivas: Intrapessoal e Interpessoal. A primeira perspectiva trata de causas relacionadas ao próprio pensamento do indivíduo, assim como seus sentimentos autodirecionados. Já a segunda é relacionada aos sentimentos e pensamentos dirigidos por outras pessoas. As atribuições de causalidade integram os sentimentos, os pensamentos e as ações do indivíduo. Para isso, observam uma sequência causal em que, a partir de um resultado, o indivíduo busca uma causa e gera um sentimento positivo ou negativo em relação a ela, que interfere na maneira como a pessoa age frente a uma nova situação. A metodologia utilizada foi um survey e os dados foram coletados através de um questionário envolvendo 130 alunos de bacharelado em música do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram submetidos a testes estatísticos, analisados e categorizados de acordo com a perspectiva atribucional de Weiner. Os resultados mostram que, em situações consideradas de sucesso, a causa mais atribuída é esforço (77,7%), seguido de persistência (65,4%) e interesse na apresentação (63,1%), enquanto que, em situações consideradas de fracasso, a causa mais atribuída foi aspectos emocionais (60,8%), seguida de dificuldade da tarefa(36,2%) e falta de esforço (30,8%). A partir da análise, observou-se que a prática instrumental sofre variações de acordo com a sua natureza e com contexto da tarefa, com o nível de especialização do instrumentista, com as experiências prévias de performance, diferenças pessoais e também com a motivação do estudante.
This research aimed to investigate the causes attributed by undergraduate music students in situations considered of failure and success in public musical performance. The Attributional Theory seeks to understand the causes that lead individuals to have results of success or failure. Located within the context of Social Cognitive Motivation, its main objective is to know people's beliefs, which would be their conceptions of success and failure, as well as how they are involved with their learning process. Weiner stands out as the main author who has developed and expanded the theory, having divided it into two perspectives: intrapersonal and interpersonal. The first perspective concerns causes related to the individual's own feelings and self-directed thoughts. The second is related to feelings and thoughts addressed by others. The Attributional Theory incorporates feelings, thoughts and actions of the individual. To achieve so, one observes a causal sequence in which, starting from a result, the individual seeks a cause and creates a positive or negative feeling about it, which interferes in the way a person acts before a new situation. The Methodology used was the Survey and the data were collected through questionnaire Involving 130 undergraduate music students of southern Brazil. The date were subjected to statistical tests and analyzed and categorized from the perspective of attribution theory of Weiner. The results show that in situations considered as successful the most attributed causes are effort (77.7%), persistence (65.4%), and interest in the presentation (63.1%), whereas in situations considered as failures the most important factors are emotional aspects (60.8%), difficulty of the task (36.2%), and lack of effort (30.8%). From the analysis, one can observe that the instrumental practice undergoes changes according to its nature and the context of the task, the expertise of the player, experience prior to the performance, personal differences, and also student’s motivation.
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10

Strömfors, Jan. "Skall man lita på sig själv eller be om hjälp? : Om attributionsprocesser i terapeutiskt förändringsarbete inom beroendefältet." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, S:t Lukas utbildningsinstitut, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4041.

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Inledning: I yrkesrollen kommer de flesta psykoterapeuter regelmässigt i kontakt med missbrukare som försöker ta sig ur sitt beroende. Ofta refererar de som lyckas med detta till begreppet "En kraft starkare än vi själva" som de menar sig ha tagit hjälp av för att tillfriskna. Föreliggande arbete är ett försök att tränga djupare i denna fråga kring hur tillfrisknande missbrukare använder sig av detta begrepp. Frågeställningar: 1. Existerar en skillnad i attributionsstil vad det gäller den verksamma agensen för drogfrihet mellan deltagarna i olika behandlingsmo-deller/behandlingsmiljöer och hur ser den i så fall ut? 2. Har olika behandlingsmodeller olika sätt att skapa ett övergångsområde där at-tributionerna genereras? Metod: En kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en fenomenologisk ansats eftersom före-satsen är att beskriva och förstå informanternas livsvärld. I syfte att skapa empiri har tre fokusgruppstudier genomförts hos tre behandlingsorganisationer. Resultat: Studien visar på en skillnad i attributionsstilar mellan informanterna Iris, NA-Anonyma Narkomaner och Kuröns HVB. Det är också stor skillnad hur infor-manterna kan tillskapa ett övergångsområde där attributionerna genereras. Diskussion: De uppvisade skillnaderna mellan de olika informanterna i fråga om att skapa ett övergångsområde kan antas bestå i hur väl deltagarnas integration med be-handlingsorganisationens diskursiva praktik har uppnåtts. Vidare kan det antas att skapandet av ett integrerat övergångsområde kan bidra till upplevelsen av överlåtelse och bärande, vilka i föreliggande såväl som tidigare studier har visat sig ha betydelse för bibehållen nykterhet. Till yttermera visso framläggs hypotesen att en kunskap – hos behandlingsorganisation eller den enskilde psykoterapeuten – om klientens attribution-er kring gudsrepresentationen är till gagn för behandlingsresultaten.
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11

Cates, Zientek Candice E. "Attribution theory in sport." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2323/.

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12

Finchilescu, Gillian. "Social identity theory and intergroup attributions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cc771223-b470-45c3-8584-3bcd4c3fd142.

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The central proposition of this thesis is that intergroup attributions and explanations, like any other intergroup behaviour, are affected by the perceived relations between the groups. Social Identity Theory (SIT) was adopted as the theoretical framework within which to investigate intergroup relations. According to this theory, intergroup behaviour is affected by the relative status the groups bear to each other, together with the perceived legitimacy and stability of this status hierarchy. The thesis proposes two amendments to the theory. It is argued that perceived legitimacy and perceived stability have different effects on intergroup behaviour and hence can not be subsumed under the general category of "insecure comparisons". It is also suggested that intragroup variability exists in these perceptions. A study was conducted which confirmed these propositions, and predictions emerging from SIT concerning the effect of these perceptions on intergroup behaviour and attitudes received considerable support. In examining the effect of the intergroup perception factors on bias in intergroup attributions, the thesis focuses on two types of groups: race and gender. Three types of attribution were considered in different studies: explanations of intergroup inequality, attributions of blame for rape or robbery and attributions for individual group members' actions and outcomes. The results indicate that the relative status of the groups, together with the perceptions of the legitimacy of this status hierarchy influence the first two - the explanations for inequality and the attributions of blame made to the victim and perpetrator of crimes. In general, it appears that the 'prise de conscience' of the illegitimacy of the intergroup situation is the motivating force in rejecting the domination of the high status group over the low status group, by members of both the high and low status groups. However, the third type of attributions, the intergroup explanations made for individual group members' actions and outcomes were not in general affected by these factors. It was suggested that either the intergroup aspect of these vignettes lacked the salience to elicit an intergroup response, or that the actors in the vignettes were treated as atypical of the groups.
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McClure, J. L. "The discounting principle in attribution theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379936.

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14

Roy, Jane Christine. "Attribution theory and marriage guidance counselling." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57263/.

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This research is concerned with some aspects of the counselling process within Marriage Guidance Council Counselling sessions. The first area of investigation chosen was the interaction of the counsellors image of the ideal client with her perceived image of real clients. Unfortunately, it was not possible to pursue this investigation since not all of the counsellors images of who would benefit from counselling were sufficiently stable over time. This was felt to be due to the test used (the California Q set). The second chosen area of investigation was the client counsellor verbal interaction in first counselling sessions studied using transcripts of ten female and four male clients and two couples counselled by the researcher and one woman and one couple counselled by another counsellor. The content was analysed using attribution theory. Clients made attributions from a wider range of categories than experimental studies normally allow for, the most frequently used category was emotion and attitude attributions, this is a neglected category which needs further study. The results did not support previous findings that people make Significantly more situational than personality attributions about their own behaviour. Clients have response strategies they use to reply to the counsellor, some of these are blocking strategies since they result in the counsellor dropping the subject being discussed; others are positive responses since they lead to the client· and counsellor engaging in a dialogue. All clients living with their partners who returned for a second session engaged in at least one extended dialogue with the counsellor about an attribution made by the counsellor. None of the clients who failed to return engaged in an extended dialogue with the counsellor.
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Sears, Paul Albert. "An attribution theory of self-confidence." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054737188.

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16

Sumpton, R. C. "The fundamental attribution error : An empirical and theoretical critique of attribution theory." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354414.

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17

Burke, Kerry. "Attribution theory : lay explanations of poverty and unemployment /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR.PS/09ar.psb959.pdf.

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Rinholen, Wendy M. "Attribution theory and the effects of stress on college students." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998rinholenw.pdf.

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19

Kelly, C. "Using attribution theory to understand resilience for looked after children." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444894/.

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Children and young people in Public Care are one of the most at risk groups for educational failure and poor life outcomes (NCH, 2005). There is now a wealth of literature detailing predictive risk factors across a range of populations and outlining factors which contribute to resilient, adaptive outcomes in the face of risk factors (e.g. Rutter, 1990 Fonagy et al., 1994). In addition, an understanding of the processes and mechanisms involved is necessary in order to identify which, if any, of the many attributes and/or circumstances that correlate with resilience may be critical targets for effective prevention and intervention. Attributions, the causes given to events, are considered to be powerful determinants of our future actions (see Fosterling, 2001). Drawing on attribution theory and conceptualisations of optimism and self-efficacy, this research uses the Leeds Attributional Coding System (LACS) to compare high and low resilience looked after youngsters' perceptions of positive and negative events in educational, social and home contexts. Resilience was associated with how positive events were construed. High resilience (HR) youngsters made more positive attributions and tended to perceive the causes of positive outcomes optimistically, i.e. causes were relatively unchanging and wide reaching. Low resilience (LR) youngsters saw these causes as unstable and specific. HR adolescents tended to make self-efficacious controllable attributions for internal causes. LR young people were more negative about peer and carer/parent relationships, and views of school, suggesting that perceptions of more everyday contexts are more influential in resilience than major life events, such as changing school or placement, and that relationships are a key factor in positive adaptation. Furthermore, looked after adolescents tend to see themselves more frequently than non-looked after adolescents as the target of others actions. However, HR looked after youngsters are more likely to view others' actions positively.
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Jareankieatbovorn, Natthida. "Customer perceptions of service failure, service recovery and loyalty recovery : an investigation into the airline industry." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17131.

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Building sustainable customer relationships through effective service recovery is a worthwhile goal for all airline companies in an era of intense competition. Developing service recovery strategies that can strengthen customer loyalty in the event of service failure has become a major challenge for the airline business, but yet has received little attention from academics. To address the dearth in the literature, this study sets out to investigate how customers' perceptions of perceived justice of service recovery and those factors external to the recovery encounter, including service failure attributions and company reputation, impact their loyalty recovery in the airline context. This study uses a quantitative method based on a surrey approach. A selfadministered questionnaire was purposively distributed among airline customers at Suvarnabhumi International Airport in Bangkok, Thailand. The study was tested using data collected from 480 travellers who had previously experienced a full service airline's flight delay in the past 12 months and was analysed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). First, the results of this research confirm the robustness of the Expectation Disconfirmation Paradigm (EDP) for understanding customer perceived justice of service recovery in an exchange relationship context by emphasising significant positive effects of all dimensions of justice in restoring positive customer relationships. Second, the findings clarify the interrelationships between postrecovery customer trust, customer's overall company satisfaction and customer loyalty by highlighting the important role of which trust plays in recovering customer loyalty. Third, The results further demonstrate how customer perceived justice of service recovery is contingent upon service failure attributions and company reputation. Lastly, the research provides airline managers with useful guidelines on developing cost-effective service recovery strategies focusing on maximising customer loyalty in different service failure situations.
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Joffe, Helene Nadine. "AIDS in Britain and South Africa : a theory of inter-group blame." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1290/.

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Inter-group blame for AIDS has been documented across a myriad of cultures. The dynamics of the blame have not been systematically theorised. A cross-cultural study of social representations of AIDS in South Africa and in Britain was used to forge a theory of inter-group blame. Semi-structured, depth interviews were carried out with sixty young, educated, urban South African and British lay men and women. In both cultures ten white heterosexuals, ten black heterosexuals and ten homosexuals (white and black; a number with HIV/AIDS) were interviewed. Textbase Alpha and SPSS-PC were used to analyse the data. Elements of the social context were content analysed: South African and British Government AIDS campaigns and policy-maker discourse. A similar process of inter-group blame was found in the two cultures: Social representations placed responsibility for the origin and spread of AIDS with out-groups. Groups who were blamed for AIDS by hegemonic thinking held themselves responsible for AIDS. The content of the blaming aspersions in the two cultures differed: While colonial, family-centred and individualistic ideologies circulated in both cultures, social representations of AIDS were also infused with Apartheid-linked ideologies in South Africa and with conspiracy theories in Britain. The British data was characterised by high levels of reflexivity concerning AIDS-related blame. The cross-cultural tendency to project blame for AIDS onto others is determined by psycho-dynamic forces. However, historical and ideological forces shape who is blamed and who internalises the blame for AIDS. Inter-group blame had negative consequences for both the 'blamers' and the 'blamed'. The former felt invulnerable to AIDS. The latter internalised the blame emerging with spoiled identities. The thesis concludes with a set of proposals for modifying the pattern of inter-group blame through mass mediated AIDS campaigns.
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Rowe, P. K. "Attribution theory in relation to the lay explanation of psychological problems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379960.

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Simpson, Jacqueline Christine Coon. "Affirmative Action and Self Esteem: An Exploratory Analysis using Attribution Theory." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625781.

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Koppes, Laura L. "Cognitive appraisal of a stressful encounter: An application of attribution theory /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487584612166405.

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Ho, Megan E. "Why did they shoot? The Power of Media with Attribution Theory." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/962.

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Mass shootings, whether on a smaller scale or a large scale, take place frequently (LaFraniere, Cohen, & Oppel, 2015). Yet the media only covers a small fraction of crime events, and those selected often gather large amounts of attention. This is problematic because by only focusing on the only most extreme and newsworthy cases, the media distorts the general public's understanding of crime in the United States, and a person's actual likelihood of victimization (Schildkraut & Elsass, 2016). The purpose of the proposed study is to investigate in a nationally represented sample how individuals’ causal attributions for a school shooting with an Asian shooter, as well as whether media influence moderate their attitudes toward the shooter. Participants will be subjected to one of two media conditions, editorial type news or straight news, regarding a shooting and then will answer casual attribution questions and perceptions of the shooter. Participants who judge in-group members as the shooter are predicted to more likely to attribute the crime to external than individuals who judge out-group members. Also, it is predicted that individuals who judge out-group members as a shooter will not be more likely to attribute the crime to internal factors than individuals who judge in-group members. Lastly, it is predicted that editorial type news will influence individuals to attribute the shooting more to both external and internal factors than straight news would. This study may add important information on how media should be portrayed, and further explore attributions that are made against shooters. Implications for future research are also discussed.
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Kauffman, Norman Leroy. "Performance evaluation and job directed effort in the CPA firm : an integration of expectancy theory, attribution theory, and need theory." Connect to resource, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1265294455.

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Reilly, Timothy M. "An attribution theory model of consumer behavior in times of marketing crisis." Thesis, The University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3637691.

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In the course of doing business in the modern world organizations often find themselves involved in negative situations which can only be categorized as crises. These crises have a wide variety of causes and often result in negative outcomes for the organizations involved. While crises have been studied from an organizational view, this research investigates the consumer's experience when exposed to a crisis. To do this, the current literature on marketing crises is expanded upon to create a definition of marketing crisis, and the theoretical lens of attribution theory is applied to identify why individual consumers may respond quite differently to the same marketing crisis. The three specific research questions investigated are: 1) How do consumers make causal attributions about marketing crises? 2) What factors influence how consumers make those attributions about marketing crises?, and 3) What are the consequences of causal attributions about marketing crises? These questions are tested with an experimental design manipulating exposure to a marketing crisis and measuring antecedents, causal attribution, and consequences associated with an attribution theory model of crisis perception. A major finding of this research is that the cause of the crisis matters to consumers, and that the perception of cause can vary greatly among consumers. Specifically, and counter-intuitively, this research suggests that consumers who are actually customers of organizations affected by the crisis may have a less dramatic response to a negative development than consumers who are less involved and more psychologically distant.

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Schlaupitz, Sheila M. "Race, Religion, And Attitudes Toward Capital Punishment: A Test Of Attribution Theory." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000228.

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29

Torre, Ilaria. "The impact of voice on trust attributions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9858.

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Trust and speech are both essential aspects of human interaction. On the one hand, trust is necessary for vocal communication to be meaningful. On the other hand, humans have developed a way to infer someone’s trustworthiness from their voice, as well as to signal their own. Yet, research on trustworthiness attributions to speakers is scarce and contradictory, and very often uses explicit data, which do not predict actual trusting behaviour. However, measuring behaviour is very important to have an actual representation of trust. This thesis contains 5 experiments aimed at examining the influence of various voice characteristics — including accent, prosody, emotional expression and naturalness — on trusting behaviours towards virtual players and robots. The experiments have the "investment game"—a method derived from game theory, which allows to measure implicit trustworthiness attributions over time — as their main methodology. Results show that standard accents, high pitch, slow articulation rate and smiling voice generally increase trusting behaviours towards a virtual agent, and a synthetic voice generally elicits higher trustworthiness judgments towards a robot. The findings also suggest that different voice characteristics influence trusting behaviours with different temporal dynamics. Furthermore, the actual behaviour of the various speaking agents was modified to be more or less trustworthy, and results show that people’s trusting behaviours develop over time accordingly. Also, people reinforce their trust towards speakers that they deem particularly trustworthy when these speakers are indeed trustworthy, but punish them when they are not. This suggests that people’s trusting behaviours might also be influenced by the congruency of their first impressions with the actual experience of the speaker’s trustworthiness — a "congruency effect". This has important implications in the context of Human–Machine Interaction, for example for assessing users’ reactions to speaking machines which might not always function properly. Taken together, the results suggest that voice influences trusting behaviour, and that first impressions of a speaker’s trustworthiness based on vocal cues might not be indicative of future trusting behaviours, and that trust should be measured dynamically.
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Floyd, Theresa M. "HOW THEY THINK YOU GOT THERE MATTERS: ATTRIBUTIONS ABOUT NETWORKING BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/management_etds/6.

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Certain properties of individuals’ social networks within their organizations are known to be associated with benefits. However, these properties are not universally beneficial for all individuals. To explain the differing utility of social connections for different actors, network research has tended to focus on factors relating to the actor’s characteristics, agency and cognition. With this dissertation, I explore a different contingency affecting actors’ abilities to leverage their networks: how observers perceive and evaluate the behavior of actors as they craft and use their networks, and how these attributions impact actors’ job performance. I develop a theoretical framework that incorporates social capital theory to develop a taxonomy of networking behaviors. I build upon network cognition research to explore how observers’ perceptions and attributions of actors’ networking behaviors rather than perceptions of network ties or structure affect actors’ outcomes. I draw upon attribution theory to suggest how observers’ attributions about actors may affect observers’ behavior towards actors, thus impacting actors’ outcomes. Results suggest that networking behaviors that are seen as serving the collective positively impact actors’ outcomes, while networking behaviors that are seen as self-serving negatively impact the actors’ outcomes by limiting access to high-status friends. However, attributions about an actor’s self-serving behavior augment the benefits the actor receives when he or she has access to high-status friends. When it comes to performance, networks matter, but it also matters how observers evaluate actors’ networking behaviors.
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31

Burkett, Brandy N. "Cheater Detection and the Fundamental Attribution Error: A Test of Social Exchange Theory." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626382.

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32

Noles, Erica C. "Terror management theory and racist attributions : mortality saliency and bias level among black Americans /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-2/nolese/ericanoles.pdf.

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33

Stewart, Inga. "Attributions regarding 'challenging behaviour' within an acquired brain injury setting : a grounded theory analysis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31246.

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The current literature suggests that neurorehabilitation can benefit people diagnosed with acquired brain injury (ABI); however the presence of behaviour deemed challenging (CB) may constrain access to services and attainment of rehabilitation potential. Following a systematic search, a narrative review of the literature concerning the cognitive concept of 'Attribution Theory' is presented in terms of its theoretical and clinical findings, and methodological limitations. An alternative approach to the literature is then considered according to a discursive view of traditional psychology. Instead attributions are considered as something speakers perform in their accounts as a form of social action. This discursive consideration of language informed a Social Constructionist Grounded Theory methodology. Eleven clinical staff from a specialist brain injury rehabilitation hospital participated, eight in one-to-one interviews and three in a focus group. Within their accounts, participants were observed to make attributions relating to CB. Three central categories of talk were found: attributions about internal location and about external location in relation to CB, and combinations of the two. Participant accounts were considered according to specific attributions, as well as the actions performed by these attributions. The conclusions are discussed in relation to the literature, the study's methodological limitations and a critical reflection. This study reflects the capacity of talk as more than mere description of inner experiences or outside observations. The findings open up the possibility of these attributions being apparent in relation to behaviour deemed problematic. This has implications for individual members of staff and services, and consequently for patients, where language might be rarely considered beyond its apparent content. It is proposed that the position of often taken-for-granted attributions produced within clinical settings in relation to patients classified as 'challenging' needs to be acknowledged, and such reflection needs to be integrated into training, intervention planning and supervision.
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34

Berglund, Jessica. "SUM-elevers motivation för matematik : En aktionsstudie om effekter av laborativ matematik." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130638.

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En speciallärare bör ha goda insikter i motivationens betydelse för att kunna hjälpa elever i matematiksvårigheter. Laborativ matematik föreslås som ett sätt att motivera elever. I min aktion undersöks om SUM-elevernas (elever med speciella undervisningsbehov i matematik) motivation i matematik påverkas av ett laborativt undervisningssätt. Enkäter och intervjuer används i min studie för att bedöma vilka effekter laborativ matematik har för eleverna. De mäts i termerna av elevernas effekter av attribueringar och grad av inre motivation med utgångspunkt i Medbestämmandeteorin, Attributionsteorin och Målorienteringsteorin. En effekt av aktionsstudien är, att de börjar inse att de har talang. Det handlar om hur mycket de anstränger sig i matematik och inte bristen på förmåga. En annan effekt är att eleverna anser att matematiken är roligare, eftersom de får arbeta praktiskt och i mindre grupp. Man kan uppenbarligen påverka elever med en aktionsstudie, men det är inte säkert att den blir bestående. Det är viktigt att elever lyckas och inte misslyckas om och om igen, för då tappar de sin motivation.
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Clifford, Jeanie Marie. "Reactions toward people with an illness : examining similarity as an extension to attribution theory /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3130204.

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36

Lam, Renee. "The role of implicit theory in teachers' attribution and intervention strategies to students' behavioral problems." Click to view E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37090951.

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林曉暉 and Renee Lam. "The role of implicit theory in teachers' attribution and intervention strategies to students' behavioral problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37090951.

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Phillips, Sarah Elizabeth. "The relationship between person-organization fit, attribution theory, and psychological contract violations within organizational settings." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2291.

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Minneyfield, Aarren Anthony. "OBSERVER ATTRIBUTION OF WORKPLACE INCIVILITY AS RACIAL DISCRIMINATION: AN APPLICATION OF SOCIAL INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2889.

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Conventional research on workplace incivility has shown how damaging the perceptions of workplace racism can be on employee well-being, especially minorities at an individual level within organizations. Consequentially, the prolonged exposure to racial discrimination through experience and observation has resulted in racial trauma, which increases an individual’s sensitivity to racial discrimination. One result of this is the hostile attribution of racial discrimination in the workplace. Research on the impact of racial discrimination in the workplace has shown that there are severe negative implications for employees who perceive it, especially when an individual misattributes an interaction as racial discrimination. This study examined the reactions of individuals who observed a workplace interaction between a leader and their subordinates while manipulating the factors leadership style and the presence workplace incivility. It was theorized that interactions using specific leadership styles to facilitate discussion in different ways would moderate an individual’s perception of interactional justice and their race would influence their perception of justice during the interaction which would influence their perception of discrimination overall. Though no significance was found to support the suggest theoretical relationships, secondary analyses revealed interactions with race leadership style, employment status and correlations between perceived interactional justice, racial discrimination and dispositional measures that warrant further investigation. These relationships, their implications and the limitations of the study are all discussed as well.
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40

Tomkins, Christie. "Social Reactions to Acquaintance Sexual Assault: Perceptions of Responsibility and Blame." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35682.

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Employing a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology among undergraduate students at the University of Ottawa, this research has explored attributions about sexual assault and the role of perceived intoxication in the context of female and male victims of sexual assault. The use of qualitative methodology and the application of a feminist critique of attribution theory and its contemporary application to rape perception research have contributed to a better understanding of these judgements and the varied ways in which undergraduate students apply the core constructs of responsibility and blame to sexual assault, while simultaneously highlighting the limitations of typically positivistic research in this area. Analyses suggest that the judgements students make about the victims and perpetrators involved in sexual assault are varied and complex, and future research employing a similar methodology and theoretical lens among other populations, both within and outside post-secondary spheres, is warranted.
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41

Fredby, åsa. "Motivation som leder till höga betyg i matematik : En studie om vad skolan kan göra för att öka motivationen hos elever." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-131052.

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En kvantitativ undersökning med 248 enkätsvar har genomförts. Syfte var att jämföra och analysera motivationen hos elever med olika betyg i matematik och elever som läser eller inte läser matematikinriktning samt beskriva hur skolan kan hjälpa elever till ökad motivation i matematik. Ett särskilt fokus riktades på SUM-elever. Motivationsteorierna Achievement goal theory, Self-determination theory och Attribution theory studerades för att se vilka karakteristiska drag som leder till ökad motivation. Resultatet pekade på samband mellan elevers betyg och motivation i matematik. Elever med högre betyg hade högre motivation än elever med lägre betyg. Det framkom vad elever tycker är viktigt för att de ska lära sig matematik, vilket till stor del sammanfaller med vad motivationsteorierna beskriver att skolan ska arbeta med för att öka motivationen. Sammanfattningsvis pekade resultatet på att skolan bör ange tydliga mål, ge valmöjligheter samt utmanande men anpassade uppgifter för att hjälpa elever till ökad motivation. Dessutom bör skolan hjälpa elever att notera sina framsteg, att inse att misstag bidrar till lärande samt att ansträngning leder till känsla av kompetens.
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42

Schröder, Tobias. "Die Theorie der Affektsteuerung als allgemeine Theorie der sozialen Interaktion /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2009. http://www.dissertation.de/buch.php3?buch=5972.

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43

Withrow, Scott. "Incidence and Attributions of Uncivil Events: Should they be Studied Separately?" Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1402417423.

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44

Kusuma, Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang. "Strengthening the competence of dietetics students on providing nutrition care for HIV patients: application of attribution theory." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36227.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health
Tandalayo Kidd
HIV and nutrition status are interrelated. Nutrition problems associated with HIV or its treatment occur in nearly all people living with HIV (PLHIV) and can be indicative of the stage and progression of infection. On the other hand, adequate nutrition ensures good nutrition status, immune function, improved treatment outcome, and quality of life. The growing problems of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia require health professionals, including dietitians, to mobilize for HIV care and control. However, studies have demonstrated health care workers to have prejudicial attitudes towards PLHIV, which may further jeopardize the quality of care. The objective of this study was to implement the attribution theory to improve HIV-related knowledge and attitudes among dietetics students. It is hypothesized that given the opportunity to revisit the antecedent of their stigma, dietetic students might be able to improve their attitudes and emotional reactions to HIV. Results from the cross-sectional study confirmed the attribution theory, showing that the stigmatizing attitudes were influenced by both personal values and environmental factors. The study also found that greater knowledge about HIV was associated with a better attitude toward PLHIV. This and the fact that universities differed in how they educated dietetic students about HIV, raise questions on the current dietetic curriculum in Indonesia and the teaching conduct in each dietetic school. These notions were studied in the second study, using a qualitative approach to inquire lecturers and school administrators. Four major themes emerged from the analysis confirming that HIV discourse in dietetic schools in Indonesia is very limited since it is not mandatory in the curriculum, lecturers are reluctant to talk about HIV, and there is apparent restriction to work with the key population. The way the lecturers attribute HIV with blames of personal responsibility and fear of contagion, heavily influence their teaching conduct. The intervention model with transformative learning supported the hypothesis that given the opportunity to reflect and re-question their judgment, students were able to improve their knowledge and reduce their stigmatizing attitudes. Overall, these studies give a warning to policy makers in health and education sectors as well as the school administrators that dietetics students have negative attitudes towards PLHIV and this stigma is associated with lack of knowledge about HIV, hence the need to improve response from both sectors. This study also serves as a strong call to provide more opportunities to students to learn about HIV and to reach out to the patients and key population to instill better understanding and acceptance to HIV.
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45

Farbus, Louise. "Towards a new theory of social perception : the effects of sex and sexuality on rape attributions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1920.

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Heterosexual male victims and female perpetrators tend to be omitted from rape perception research as well as legal and everyday notions of rape. Therefore this thesis examined the effects of sex and sexuality on rape attributions. Criticisms of social representations theory provided the rationale for a new theory of social perceptions and for combining methods normally associated with opposing epistemologies and ontological beliefs. A grounded theory derived from ten interviews revealed double standards in the way that men and women are labelled for the same behaviours, whereby female-perpetrated male rape was considered less serious than male-perpetrated rape. Discourse analysis of newspaper coverage of a case involving a female and two males accused of raping a woman also revealed double standards in the way the defendants were constructed. All of the defendants were constructed as deviant, but in ways that served to direct blame away from the males and towards the female. A 16 condition, multi-factorial. Internet-based experiment suggested that female perpetrators tend to be blamed more than males, and male victims tend to be blamed more than female victims. Younger participants and those high in rape myth acceptance (RMA) blamed victims more than older participants and those low in RMA. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Birk, Samuel J. "Toward A General Model Of Fairness Perception Formation: A Critical Review And Revision Of Fairness Theory." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338683.

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Fairness theory represents a widely cited framework for modeling the cognitive processes that underlie the formation of fairness perceptions in the workplace. Nonetheless, imprecise language and scant empirical research limit its ability to further organizational justice research. Therefore, in this dissertation I provide a review and critique of fairness theory suggesting several revisions. I then build upon this revised model to develop a new model of fairness perception formation. The developed model is tested via a laboratory experiment and a field study, both of which provide initial evidence in favor of the proposed model.
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Turnipseed, Thomas Robert Ian. "Being an effective custodian of communication theory an examination of theory construction, methodological streamlining, and special population use between constitutive rhetoric, attribution theory, and the third person effect /." Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/2144.

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48

Nieri, Lia Jean. "Conditioned acquisition and augmenting effects in causal attributions for employee performance." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/985.

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A social analog of a short-delay conditioning paradigm in Pavlovian learning was used to test the prediction that under certain conditions, human causal judgments would reflect acquired response properties that can be either increased (augmented) or decreased (discounted). The learning experiment was masked by describing it as a study testing a computerized employee evaluation system.
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Maginnity, Michelle. "Perspective Taking and Knowledge Attribution in the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris): A Canine Theory of Mind?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1439.

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Theory of mind, the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, has traditionally been investigated in humans and nonhuman primates. However, non-primate species, such as domestic dogs, may also be potential candidates for such a faculty. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) evolved from a social-living, wolf-like ancestor, and were the first species to be domesticated, with likely selection for sensitivity to human cues and human-like cognitive abilities. Dogs typically spend their lives in the rich social environment of human families, and thus dogs are naturally enculturated. The combination of these factors make dogs an excellent candidate for having a functional theory of mind. Yet perhaps surprisingly, prior research on theory of mind in dogs is limited, with inconclusive and contradictory results. The research described in this thesis is a systematic investigation of dogs' potential to demonstrate a functional theory of mind in their interactions with humans. Four experiments are presented, based on the Knower-Guesser paradigm (Povinelli et al., 1990), in which a knowledgeable and an ignorant human informant indicated the location of hidden food to the dog. In Experiment 1, one informant was absent (Guesser) and one present (Knower) during the food-hiding, and the dogs chose the Knower. However, when both informants were present, the dogs chose the informant that did the baiting, but this preference was less than when the Guesser was absent. In Experiments 2 and 3, a third experimenter hid the food while the informants covered their cheeks (Knower) or eyes (Guesser) with their hands, or were attentive (Knower) or inattentive (Guesser) to the food-hiding. In both cases, the dogs showed a significant preference for the Knower. In Experiment 4, the dogs showed no preference between the informants when they had equal perceptual access to the baiting, and were unsuccessful at selecting any container when the informants did not provide communicative cues. Overall, the present research provides the most definitive evidence yet that domestic dogs may be able to attribute differential states of knowledge to human observers, and thus may possess a functional theory of mind.
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Collett, Jessica L. "Third Party Intervention and Relationship Outcomes: Extending Social Exchange Theory Through the Incorporation of Intermediaries." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195532.

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Most dispute resolution is between employers and employees, family or friends, neighbors, and other groups who have continued contact after they leave the courtroom, mediator's office, or agree to contract terms. Because of such ongoing relationships, a vital component of any kind of dispute resolution is how conflicting parties feel about each other after the process is over. Although previous conflict resolution research focuses primarily on the perceived fairness of the third-party, process or outcome, my dissertation centers around how the two parties engaged in the process perceive each other and their relations. Specifically, I ask how intermediaries' intervention in a resolution process affects disputing individuals' perceptions of fairness of one another, general positive regard toward one another, and predictions for positive future interactions with one another.I explore the relationship between third party intervention and such relationship outcomes using two experimental methods, vignettes and laboratory research. In each experiment I vary the level of third party intervention (high, low, absent), while holding dispute resolution outcomes constant, and then measure disputants' perceptions of one another. I also test three potential intervening mechanisms for the relationship between intervention and perceptions - procedural fairness, situational attributions, and salience of conflict.Results indicate that third party intervention does affect perceptions disputants' have of one another and that such results vary based on the method used. In the vignettes, the method typical of research in third party intervention, intervention is negatively related to perceptions of the other party. However, the opposite is true in the laboratory experiment. The results from the laboratory suggest that third party intervention is positively related to perceptions of the other party and that both the increased likelihood of situational attributions and decreased salience of conflict with high third party intervention partially explain this relationship.Implications of these results, and potential areas of future research, are discussed.
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