Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Attu'
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Sachet, Alynne Silva. "O óleo de Nim afeta o sistema imune das formigas-cortadeiras?" Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/371.
Full textAgriculture is one of the most important human activities and it has undergone sustainable changes over time. Recently, measures have been taken in order to mitigate the environmental impacts of this activity. Leaf-cutting ants are the main insect pests of forest crops, since they cause severe damage to plants. These ants can cause total defoliation, both in seedlings and in adult plants, causing death of the plants. Damages vary according to the age of the plants. Studies are being conducted to use insecticides derived of plants in leaf-cutting ant’s control. Azadirachta indica is one of the most studied species of Meliaceae family and its insecticides properties have been demonstrated in about 400 species of insects of different orders. Furthermore, several alternative methods to control insect are being evaluated, including some biological agents such as entomopathogenic fungi. In this sense, Metarhizium anisopliae is one of the most promising species. Recognition of the presence of an invading organism is critical to the immune system of any individual. So, after pathogen invasion, hemocytes freely circulating in the hemolymph migrate to the site of infection, phagocyte and destroy invaders. Here, it was applied neem 1 ul of oil or soybean oil, depending on the treatment, on the back and 1μl in the mouthparts of each ant, with the exception of control where nothing was applied. Subsequently, it was prepared a fungal suspension of Metarhizium anisopliae at a concentration of 107 conidia ml-1, which was applied to the dorsum of each worker (2 μl). Neem oil caused significant mortality of Atta laevigata worker; its association with entomopathogenic fungus did not influence the results because the treatments with only oil produced the same results. In Atta sexdens, the association of neem oil with M. anisopliae, produced significant mortality when compared to other treatments. The effects of neem oil vary according to insect species. Azadirachtin should be further studied in order to verify their immunosuppressive effects in other species of leaf-cutting ants, their fungicidal action and their influence on other physiological processes of these insect pests.
Röschard, Jacqueline. "Cutter, carriers and bucket brigades ... foraging decisions in the grass cutting ant Atta vollenweideri /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966017153.
Full textAlba, Fernández Raúl. "Caracterización del sistema attB/attP-(FI)C31 para la producción de adenovirus gutless." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3570.
Full textAdenovirus is the most used vector in human clinical trials. In order to overcome cellular inmune response evoked by first and second generation adenovirus, third generation, also called gutless or helper-dependent adenovirus have been generated. Gutless adenovirus production needs three basic elements: a gutless adenovirus with a therapeutic or marker gene; a helper adenovirus which provide all viral proteins in trans and; a permisive cell line to produce adenovirus. Gutless adenovirus, without any codificant viral region, don't evoke cellular inmune response and can incorporate DNA inserts up to 36 Kb. It has been reported that the expresion of incorporated genes can last the whole life of the organism. Nevertheless, its use in human clinial trials is not suitable due two important inconvenients: helper adenovirus contamination and up-scale processes. To solve helper adenovirus contamination problem, this present work propose a new adenovirus gutless generation system based on ?C31-attB/attP recombinase. Helper adenovirus generated have flanked its packaging signal (?) by attB/attP sequences. ?C31 is an unidirectional recombinase which avoid reverse reaction. This characteristic is an important advantage in front of other recombinases such as Cre or FLPe. Surprisingly, attB sequence incorporated between Ad-ITR and ? lengthens adenovirus cycle up to 56-60 hours, However, this effect don't affect efficient genome replication or protein shyntesis. Moreover, it has been shown that packaging and maturation processes are affected. It has been observed that the cloning of a second ? in the 3'-ITR normalize production levels in comparison to control adenvovirus, proving adenovirus genome is not trapped in any nuclear region. EMSA assays have shown different cellular proteins interact with attB sequence and likely the interaction of one of this cellular proteins impairs the correct packaging of adenovirus genome. For this reason, differential packaging in time of attB/attP-helper adenovirus generated have been used to produce gutless adenovirus limiting production times at 36 hours (time when control adenovirus finish its viral cycle) . However, in gutless adenovirus productions, helper adenovirus contamination levels were high and they increase significantly in the successive amplification steps. The 5' extreme analysis showed helper and gutless adenovirus recombine by their ? loosing recombination sequences and, in this way, helper adenovirus slow packaging capacity. Nevertheless, the inversion of ? showed this effect can be easily avoided which make Ad5/FC31.Cre.?R helper adenovirus a good tool for gutless adenovirus production.
Castilho, Alzimiro Marcelo Conteiro. "Controle da sa?va mata-pasto Atta bisphaerica e sa?va lim?o Atta sexdens rubropilosa atrav?s dos fungos entomopatog?nicos Metarhizium anisopliae E Beauveria bassiana." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/853.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
This survey was carried out under laboratory and field conditions for evaluating the efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi to control the ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa and Atta bisphaerica. The isolates from Agronomy National school (Escola Nacional de Agronomia) ENA1, ENA2, ENA3 and ENA4 of Metarhizium anisopliae as well as the isolates ENA6, ENA7, ENA13 and ENA14 of Beauveria bassiana were tested and inoculated on soldiers ants. After to have been collected, the soldiers were separated by groups of 10 individuals and wetted on a conidia suspension of 1.0 x 106 to 1.0 x 1011 conidia/ml .Each ants group was placed on a wet chamber and kept under no feeding condition at 27 ? 1 0C. Both fungi were pathogenic , although the isolates ENA 4 of Metarhizium anisopliale and ENA 6 and ENA 13 of Beauveria bassiana were considered the most virulent ones for A. bisphaerica, and for A. sexdens rubropilosa the isolates ENA 4 of Metarhizium anisopliae and ENA 14, ENA 13 and ENA 6 of Beauveria bassiana among the tested ones as well .The greatest mortality percentage was performed by these isolates with Lethal time (LT50) of 1.15 days for the isolate ENA 4, 1.39 days for ENA 6 and 1.44 days for ENA 13 ,for A. bisphaerica soldiers. For A. sexdens rubropilosa the Lethal time (LT50) was 1.37 days for the isolate ENA 4, 1.68 days for ENA 14, 1.95 days for ENA 13 and 2.14 days for ENA 6. In regard to the mortality index, the percentage of dead soldiers at the tested concentrations ranged from 45% to 71,67% . The isolates ENA 4, ENA 14, ENA 13, and ENA 6 caused the greater soldiers mortality averages in a shorter time period. The isolates ENA 4 and ENA 14 were applied by pulverization and spraying over plus 3 years old adult ants nests and 30 days after the entomopathogenic fungi application there still was some activity on the underground galleries.
Este trabalho foi conduzido em condi??es de laborat?rio e campo para se observar a efici?ncia de fungos entomopatog?nicos no controle de Atta sexdens rubropilosa e Atta bisphaerica. Foram utilizados os isolados ENA 1 (Escola Nacional de Agronomia) ENA 2, ENA 3 e ENA 4 de Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana, ENA 6, ENA 7, ENA 13 e ENA 14, inoculados em soldados. Ap?s coleta, exemplares de soldados foram separados em grupos de 10 indiv?duos e banhados em suspens?es de con?dios de 1,0 x 106 a 1,0 x 1011 con?dios.mL-1. Cada grupo de formiga foi transferido para c?mara ?mida e mantido sob regime de fome a 27 ? 1? C. Os dois fungos foram patog?nicos, embora os isolados ENA 4 de M. anisopliae e ENA 6 e ENA 13 de B. bassiana tenham sido os mais virulentos para A. bisphaerica e para A. sexdens rubropilosa dentre os testado. Esses isolados foram aqueles que apresentaram maior porcentagem de mortalidade confirmada, com TL50 de 1,15 dias para o isolado ENA 4, 1,39 dias para o ENA 6 e 1,44 dias para o ENA 13, para soldados de A. bisphaerica. Para A. sexdens rubropilosa a TL50 foi de 1,37 dias para o isolado ENA 4, 1,68 dias para o isolado ENA 14, 1,95 dias para o ENA 13 e 2,14 dias para o ENA 6. Quanto ao par?metro mortalidade, as concentra??es testadas proporcionaram a porcentagem de soldados mortos que variou de 45,0 a 71,67 %. Os isolados ENA 4, ENA14, ENA 13 e ENA 6 causaram as maiores m?dias de mortalidade de soldados em menor espa?o de tempo. Os isolados ENA 4 e ENA 14 foram aplicados na forma de pulveriza??o e polvilhamento, em formigueiros adultos com mais de tr?s anos de idade, e ap?s 30 dias da aplica??o dos fungos entomopatog?nicos, os olheiros ainda apresentavam ativos.
Miyashira, Carlos Henrique. "Influência da cafeína na sobrevivência de saúvas Atta sexdens rubropilosa (hymenoptera: Formicidae) e no crescimento in vitro de seu fungo mutualista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-27032008-154811/.
Full textThe leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera-Formicidae) are found from south of United States to Argentina. They are common florest herbivorous which collect plant material to feed a specific mutualist fungus. These insects are known by their ecological role at soil aeration, water permeation and nutrient cycling. Human activities, like deforestation and agriculture, affect the environment, affecting the behavior of leaf-cutting ants, which start to attack the crops. Due to crops lost, new specific pesticides are needed. Several researches have been developed using secondary metabolites for this purpose. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of caffeine at Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Forel, 1908) mortality, and at in vitro growth of the mutualist fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) Singer (Leucocoprineae: Agaricaceae), collected from laboratory nests. Four caffeine concentrations were tested: 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.50%. Ant\'s mortality was evaluated by ingestion assay, adding caffeine to artificial diets. Caffeine was added to culture medium, to measure its influence on in vitro fungus growth. Despite caffeine concentrations, this compound seems to act as repellent to ants. Concerning to the fungus, the higher the caffeine concentration, the lower the in vitro fungus growth. Growth inhibition was observed at both 0.10% and 0.50% concentrations and death of fungus was observed in some samples. In conclusion, the results suggest that caffeine could be used as fungicide, being added to baits which could be collected by ants and carried to the nests, causing fungus reduction and/or death and consequently, the death of the nests.
DI, GIOVINE RAFFAELE. "LA TASSAZIONE DEGLI ATTI GIUDIZIARI AI FINI DELL’IMPOSTA DI REGISTRO." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/338201.
Full textSeimersson, Amanda, and Rebecca Tyrstrup. "Den heterogena arbetskraftens komplexitet : En fallstudie om mångfaldens förfaranden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297725.
Full textPinto, Juliano Ventura. "Avaliação da presença do Fator XI de coagulação em preparações de imunoglobulina G para uso intravenoso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-10122014-145928/.
Full textThe availability of hemoderivatives is an important parameter to measure a countrys health quality. Among hemoderivatives products, immunoglobulin have high value.. Instituto Butantan, aims the establishment of an industrial plant for plasma fractionation with a process drawn, based mainly in chromatographies. Thromboembolic events from infusions of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) have been related with the presence of coagulation Factor XI (FXI) as contaminant in the IVIG preparations. With an objective of tracking FXI in the chromatographic fractions, the process was tested in pilot and bench scales and in direct chromatography and the FXI was measured in the initial fractions and in the final product IVIg. The methods of measurement of FXI activity thru coagulation time and chromogenic assay were established. We have concluded that FXI accompanies IgG in the early stages of the chromatographic processes and verified that the presence occurs in the final products, This work contributes to the development of the set of quality control tests of biopharmaceuticals derivatives from human plasma.
Pais, Mara Patrícia. ""Artrópodos e suas relações de herbivoria como bioindicadores nos primeiros estágios de uma recomposição de floresta estacional semidecidual em Ribeirão Preto, SP"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-29032005-105741/.
Full textIn 1998 a recomposition project named "Floresta da USP" was started at the USP campus in Ribeirão Preto, SP, aiming at recovering a 75 ha area with the regional native vegetation, the seasonal semideciduous forest. This study evaluated the main changes that ocurried in this new habitat during the first years after planting, considering the arthropod community and the herbivory relationships as bioindicators. We measured some habitat structure parameters at four sites of different ages, contrasting them to the same parameters measured at a local forest patch. The epigeous arthropod community was compared among sites using multivariate analysis, including several environmental variables. We also monitored the community dynamics of arthropods, herbivory levels and leaf physical chemical caracteristics of six plant species (3 pioneers and 3 late successional) at one of the sites during two years as well as the main leaf variables that could have some effect on the herbivore preferences. Results indicated great chances in the first years of recomposition. Vegetation height, presence of alien grasses, and presence of a third stratum at the forest patch were the principal habitat features related to the epigeous arthropod community. Despite the high dissimilarity, arthropod community of recomposed sites had a tendency of reducing this dissimilarity over time in relation to the forest. Richness, abundance, and diversity of canopy arthropod community were not different between the two years. However, a high species dissimilarity was detected and a strong guild rearrangement concerning abundance from one year to another. There was a high number of species and individuals. Leaf-cutting ants were important to the ecosystem dynamics due to the high levels of herbivory imposed to several plant species.
Richard, Freddie-Jeanne. "Mutualisme chez les fourmis champignonnistes (Atta et Acromyrmex) : approches comportementale, chimique et enzymologique." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4017.
Full textSilva, Antonio Carlos da. "Estudo da atividade de coleta de água em Atta sexdens rubropilosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-10052011-140313/.
Full textThe study of the division of tasks and participation in the maintenance of appropriate conditions the survival of social insects has received major contributions over the years. Allied to the degree of elaborate organization of many social insects and the presence of polymorphism in many groups with the formation of castes, division of labor makes it even more interesting to be investigated. This thesis presents the results of three experiments with colonies of leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa: 1) it was checked if there are water marked trophallaxis between nest mates leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa colonies in conditions of water stress. The results showed that the trophallaxis is an event that often occurs in colonies in water stress. 2) Was tested the division of tasks associated with the dynamics of the sizes involved in the activity of collecting water distances of 0 meter, 1 meter and 10 meters to the colonies in water stress condition. We found that after a time collecting water was associated with a variety specialized, smaller, or at the beginning of the activity of ants with larger and smaller with time ants began to perform the task, a fact that we call \"Effect of Time.\" This temporal effect of specialization varied according to the distance which the water source was placed. 3) Use the system bridges gap of 1.5 cm. A model system was developed as a bridge with gap and crevice and tested without the physical separation of sizes and the possibility of learning of the existence of the gap. The results indicate that there is a greater physical separation of the ants. Preliminary data suggest the existence of the learning gap. Thus this study sought to provide a contribution to the numerous connections that involve the activity of collecting water in l leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa. The use of the bridge model proposed here with cracks may be an interesting tool for exploration of information transmission between members of a colony.
Viegas, Lia Matos. "Estudo do comportamento de Atta sexdens quanto ao gerenciamento de detritos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-04072018-182641/.
Full textThe decision-making process has been studied in several species of ants and in different contexts, especially during the planning and selection of the nest site. In these studies, scientists try to understand which are the mechanisms involved in selecting a particular nest site or foraging route. There are a few studies on decision-making regarding waste disposal. Waste can be a source of pathogens. Its management is important for eusocial insects, such as leaf-cutting ants, since there is a genetic proximity between individuals, facilitating the spread of diseases. This project aims to study the behavior of Atta sexdens and how they manage their waste, focusing in the decision-making process, strategy for waste disposal, guidance on the transportation of waste and how workers deal with waste. For this, we performed a series of experimental procedures, whose methodology included the use of labyrinths and bridges in different formats and the observation of the behavior of the workers. In general, we observed that the ants, as seen in the literature, prefer to isolate the waste from the rest of the colony. In Atta sexdens, this usually occurs in chambers below ground, attached to the nest, but away from the fungus. The laboratory environment does not allow this to occur, which causes them to seek alternative means to isolate the waste. This isolation can occur using pots inside the nest tray, but it seems preferable to put the waste outside of it, for example in another tray, interconnected with that in which the pots with fungus are placed. Whenever there is this external space for debris deposit, the ants carry the waste for it. This place does not have to be as distant as possible, contrary to what we expected. For guidance, dumps take into account the different clues they have (chemical, visual, other intrinsic tracks). Finally, we have evidence that the ants adapt their foraging strategies to the environment they are in, for example to avoid contamination of the leaves. We found no evidence, however, of aggressiveness against ants contaminated with waste. There was, however, more aggressiveness against dumps than against foragers. These results are partly in the expected direction
Tanigushi, Daniel Gouveia. "Sinigrina como moduladora da interação entre Brassica oleraceae e Atta sexdens rubropilosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-12022008-105205/.
Full textvide dissertação
Valadares, Lohan Cláudio Abreu. "Variações no perfil de hidrocarbonetos cuticulares das operárias de Atta sexdens (Myrmicinae: Attini)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-19052014-123237/.
Full textThe integrity of insect societies relies on the ability of individuals to discriminate between nesmates from non-nestmates. These interactions are mediated by hydrocarbons spread all over the cuticle that act as messengers coding information about the colony and external environment. Cuticular hydrocarbons are produced by dermic cells and its composition is influenced by both endogenous and exogenous sources which makes them subject to temporal changes. Thus, this study approached the variations on this chemical profile in relation to the worker subcastes and type of foliar substrate used by leafcutter ant Atta sexdens, this species is known as one of the major neotropical herbivore pests and this kind of study is important because it can provide subsides in researches related to both basic biology as to pest control methods. The compounds were extracted using apolar solvent (hexane) and the samples were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry technique (GC-MS). It was found 30 hydrocarbons which carbon chains varies between 19 and 40 atoms separated in three classes of compounds and the branched hydrocarbons as the most abundant one, especially the trimethyalcanes. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences on all the variables analyzed suggesting that subcastes possess similar chemical signatures as to the variety of compounds but with great differences in relative proportions thereof. Furthermore, the results show that foliar substrate has influence on the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons and concomitantly affect the interspecific recognition, thus colonies that had access to the same substrate has similar cuticular composition comparing to those who do not. Additionally, behavior tests showed that in the presence of a conspecific intruder the resident workers tend to be much more aggressive in relation to those who had fed on a different foliar substrate.
Martins, Junior Joaquim. "Evolução de genes e pseudogeneses mitocondriais em Atta cephalotes (Linnaeus, 1758) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87686.
Full textResumo: A formiga saúva-da-mata, Atta cephalotes, tem como área de ocorrência a Mata Atlântica e a Floresta Amazônica, pois não consegue viver em regiões quentes e secas como o Cerrado e Caatinga. Como os demais atineos, corta folhas e flores que servem de substrato para o fungo que cultivam, sendo considerada, na Bahia, uma importante espécie que ataca as plantações de cacau na mata cabrucada. Sua classificação taxonômica sempre foi controversa e dificil devido à dificuldade de separar as subespécies através de caracteres morfológicos, que são polimórficos e pouco informativos, fazendo com todas as subespécies fossem sinonimizadas como Atta cephalotes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os Ioci mitocondriais CDI, IGS, Leu-tRNA e CDII de populações de Atta cephalotes e estabelecer uma relação filogenética entre essas populações. Procedeu-se a extração de DNA genômico total, seguida de amplificação com iniciadores específicos e purificação dos amplicons. O produto purificado foi seqüenciado no sentido direto e reverso e consenso das seqüências foi submetido ao alinhamento múltiplo, análise de máxima parcimônia, análise de haplótipos e divergência genética. Os resultados mostraram que existem duas populações geneticamente distintas de Atta cephalotes, uma predominantemente de ocorrência amazônica e outra de Mata Atlântica, contrariando a classificação atual. Foram encontradas no Pará e Amapá dois grupos de populações: um se agrupa com o grupo de espécimes de Mata Atlântica (Bahia e Pernambuco) e o outro com os espécimes da Amazônia, sugerindo a existência de populações simpátricas nesses estados. Talvez o uso de outros marcadores, associados a estudos ecológicos e comportamentais, esclareça se nesses dois estados suas populações estão isoladas reprodutivamente. Possivelmente o grupo da Bahia deve ser classificado como uma espécie diferente do grupo da região Norte.
Abstract: Not available.
Mestre
Olsson, Zita. "Motivation att lära tillsammans." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1163.
Full textMotivation att lära tillsammans är rubrik på min magisteruppsats, där jag genomfört
en aktion inom matematik i den niondeklass jag undervisade. Syftet med aktionen
var att försöka skapa en kultur i klassrummet som gynnade viljan att lära.
Huvudfrågeställningen var om det var möjligt att stärka elevers lust att lära genom att
arbeta tillsammans. Jag uppfattar lärandet som ett samspel mellan tre dimensioner;
kognition, psykodynamik och samhällelighet. I aktionen har kognition representerats
av Vygotskij, men även av Löwing, psykodynamiken av Glasser med sk ”äkta
gruppuppgifter” och samhälleligheten av Person och hans indelning av elever i
”kunskapsvilliga”, ”marknadsanpassade” och ”skoltvungna”.
Metoden jag använde mig av var att observera elever, indelade i
kunskapsheterogena grupper enligt Persson, när dessa arbetade med gruppuppgifter
inom området samband. Uppgifterna utgick från en gemensam praktisk uppgift som
sedan gemensamt diskuterades och abstraherades. Innan och efter aktionen
undersöktes elevernas inställning till matematik. Dessutom fick eleverna kontinuerligt
utvärdera gruppuppgifterna och sin och gruppens insats. Samtidigt förde jag
personlig loggbok vilken jag senare utförde ett bubbelkretslärande av.
Resultatet visar att lära tillsammans gynnar de flesta men framförallt de
”skoltvungna”. Samtidigt tycks det som om en liten grupp av elever ogillar att bli s.k.
”genomsnittselever”.
Guimarães, Maria Raquel Fellet. "Polietismo e expectativa de vida em operárias de Atta laevigata." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3901.
Full textFundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Age polyethism is the change in activities carried out by members of a colony during its life. Older individuals have lower future value to the colony, so it would be better for the colony if they could perform more dangerous tasks outside the nest and not return to its interior. Thus, the risk of bringing pathogens into the colony is reduced, protecting internal individuals and thereby increasing the life expectancy of the colony. The first hypothesis of this study is that external ants are older than internal ones and therefore die earlier. A complementary hypothesis is that external workers are weaker, having been previously selected by the colony to carry out dangerous tasks, since the losses would be less prejudicial to the colony. To test these hypotheses, internal e external workers of the leaf-cutter ant Atta laevigata (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were collected from nests in the field (Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) and also from laboratory colonies. Ants of the same size were placed individually in Petri dishes and supplied with water and honey solution 1:1. To test the second hypothesis, ants were inoculated with the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill to compare their survival to controls. In both the field and laboratory experiments, the external workers died before the gardeners, suggesting that they are older, supporting the first hypothesis, that this species use age-dependent polyethism. In the experiment with ants from the field, there was no difference in the survival curves of external ants, inoculated or not. There was a difference in the laboratory ants. The first experiment indicates that external workers are not previously weaker, but the second suggests they are. This could be the difference betweennatural conditions (where they have more contact with pathogens so more susceptible individuals may be eliminated) and laboratory conditions (less pathogens). This study is the first step to test the conveyor belt model of Schmid-Hempel. Additional studies will be important to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms mediating progression from internal to external activities, during aging.
O polietismo etário é a mudança nas atividades exercidas pelos membros de uma colônia ao longo da sua vida. Os indivíduos mais velhos teriam menor valor futuro para a colônia, seria então melhor se realizassem tarefas fora do ninho e não retornassem ao interior do mesmo. Isso diminuiria o risco de trazerem patógenos para dentro da colônia, o que consequentemente, aumentaria a expectativa de vida da colônia. A primeira hipótese desse trabalho é que as operárias de fora do ninho de formigas cortadeiras morrem antes das de dentro sugerindo que sejam mais velhas. Uma hipótese alternativa é que as formigas que forrageiam são operárias mais fracas, previamente escolhidas pela colônia, para realizarem tarefas mais perigosas, já que as perdas das mesmas não acarretariam tantos prejuízos. Para testá-las, operárias de dentro e fora do ninho da formiga cortadeira Atta laevigata (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) foram coletadas de ninhos no campo (Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil) e também de colônias provenientes de laboratório. Formigas de mesmo tamanho foram individualizadas em placas de Petri e supridas com água e solução de mel 1:1. Para testar a segunda hipótese, formigas foram inoculadas com o fungo Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., com objetivo de comparar a sobrevivência dessas com formigas controle. As operárias de fora morreram antes das de dentro tanto no experimento de campo quanto no de laboratório. Isto sugere que sejam mais velhas, apoiando a primeira hipótese, que essa espécie utilize o polietismo dependente da idade. No experimento com formigas do campo, não houve diferença nas curvas de sobrevivência das de fora do ninho, inoculadas ou não; mas com as formigas de laboratório houve. O primeiro experimento indica que as formigas externas não são previamente mais fracas,mas o segundo indica que sim. Isso pode ter ocorrido pela diferença entre as condições naturais (onde têm mais contato com patógenos e indivíduos mais suscetíveis seriam eliminados) e as condições de laboratório (menos patógenos). Esse estudo foi o primeiro passo para se testar o modelo esteira de Schmid-Hempel. Estudos adicionais serão importantes para entender os mecanismos, extrínsecos e intrínsecos, mediadores das mudanças nas atividades internas ao ninho para atividades externas, com a passagem da idade.
Iakovleva, Irina. "Selection of transthyretin amyloid inhibitors." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk kemi och biofysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123939.
Full textSantos, Laura Pinheiro. "Escala de triagem ATT e painel analítico de emergência e sua relação com o desfecho clínico em canídeos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17333.
Full textIntrodução: A triagem é o processo utilizado para determinar a estabilidade dos doentes que dão entrada em Centros de Atendimento Médico-Veterinários (CAMVs), de forma a priorizar os menos estáveis em detrimento dos mais estáveis. Para obter o máximo de informação na triagem e monitorização do doente crítico, realiza-se um painel analítico constituído por esfregaço sanguíneo, hematócrito, sólidos totais refratométricos, ureia, glucose e lactato sanguíneos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização de aparelhos portáteis e análises rápidas para determinação dos valores na escala Animal Trauma Triage (ATT), hematócrito, sólidos totais, glucose e lactato sanguíneos no processo da triagem e na monitorização das primeiras 24 horas de internamento na predição do desfecho clínico. Métodos: Estudo observacional prospetivo com base numa amostra de 15 doentes de espécie canina recebidos em urgência no HEV-FMV, no período entre dezembro de 2017 e março de 2018. Foi utilizada a escala ATT na admissão e foram avaliadas através de aparelhos portáteis as concentrações sanguíneas de lactato (EDGE®) e glucose (A.MERINI® GLUCOCARD™ SM) e realizadas as técnicas de micro-hematócrito e refratometria ótica para determinação dos sólidos totais a todos os animais em T0h, T6h, T12h e T24h. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Shapiro-Wilk, o teste t para amostras independentes, o teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, o teste de Pearson e a curva ROC. Resultados: Os valores de lactato sanguíneo obtidos na admissão foram mais elevados nos animais que morreram do que nos que sobreviveram (x̃ Lactato sobreviventes = 2,60 (1,40; 4,80) vs. x̃ Lactato mortos = 9,80 (5,88; 15,7); p = 0,043), e a gravidade da hiperlactacidémia na admissão também foi mais elevada nos que morreram do que naqueles que sobreviveram (x̃ Lactato sobreviventes = 4,80 (3,70; 6,15) vs. x̃ Lactato mortos = 13,0 ± (8,65; 17,4); p = 0,031). O valor cut-off de lactacidémia na admissão em relação ao desfecho clínico foi 7,5 mmol/L (Se = 100%, Sp = 70% (40-90%, IC = 95%)). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na escala ATT, glicémia, hematócrito e sólidos totais. Conclusão: Os valores de lactato sanguíneo e a gravidade da hiperlactacidémia na triagem de pequenos animais diferem conforme o desfecho clínico dos mesmos. A escala ATT adaptada poderá ser útil na triagem de doentes críticos devido à compreensão mais objetiva e rápida da gravidade do seu estado clínico. A variação do hematócrito, sólidos totais, glucose e lactato sanguíneos deve ser avaliada ao longo do internamento do doente crítico pela informação que transmite ao clínico acerca do estado geral do animal.
ABSTRACT - ATT score and emergency database and their relationship with the clinical outcome in canine patients - Introduction: Triage is the process used to assess the stability of patients admitted at Veterinary Animal Care Facilities in order to prioritize the ones least stable at the expense of the more stable ones. In order to obtain as much information as possible, one must perform an emergency database: blood smear, packed cell volume (PCV), refractometric total solids, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood glucose and blood lactate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of the Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score, point-of-care (POC) analysers and fast blood analysis for determining haematocrit, total solids, blood glucose and blood lactate in triage and monitoring during the first 24 hours of hospitalization for prediction of clinical outcome. Methods: Prospective observational study based on a cohort of 15 canine patients admitted to the emergency room at the HEV-FMV between December 2017 and March 2018. The ATT scoring system was used at admission and blood lactate and blood glucose were determined using POC analysers (EDGE® and A.MERINI® GLUCOCARD™ SM), microhaematocrits were performed to assess the PCV and optical refractometry to determine the total solids of all patients at T0h, T6h, T12h and T24h. For statistical analysis Shapiro-Wilk test, independent samples t-test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, Pearson test and ROC curve were used. Results: Blood lactate values obtained at admission were higher in the non-survivors’ group than the ones in the survivors’ group (x̃ Lactate survivors = 2,60 (1,40; 4,80) vs. x̃ Lactate non-survivors = 9,80 (5,88; 15,7); p = 0,043) and the severity of the hyperlactatemia at admission was higher in the ones who died (x̃ Lactate survivors = 4,80 (3,70; 6,15) vs. x̃ Lactate non-survivors = 13,0 ± (8,65; 17,4); p = 0,031). The cut-off value of lactatemia at admission regarding the clinical outcome was 7,5 mmol/L (Se = 100%, Sp = 70% (40-90%, IC = 95%)). There were no statistical differences in the ATT score, blood glucose, haematocrit and total solids between the non-survivors’ group and the survivors’ group. Conclusions: Blood lactate values and the severity of hyperlactataemia in the triage process of critical patients are different according to their clinical outcome. An adapted ATT score could be useful in triage of critical patients due to its objective and faster comprehension of the severity of their clinical status. The variation of the haematocrit, total solids, blood glucose and blood lactate must be evaluated during the hospitalization, as it provides a plethora of information to the clinical staff about the general state of the patient.
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Kling, Fredrik. "Motivationsarbete i skolan och lärarens roll som motivatör i klassrummet. : En intervjustudie om motivationsskapande." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103332.
Full textPetersson, Emma. "Kemiutmaningar i skolan : Några lärare i årskurs 4-6 syn på kemiundervisning." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10178.
Full textConstantino, Pedro Brisola. "Ritmos de atividade coletiva e divisão de temporal de tarefas em formigas saúvas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-16042018-132959/.
Full textThe collective behavior observed in social colonies can be explained by the behavior of its individuals, most of the time. Thus, it is expected that all workers should display the same behavior. Indeed, this prediction is fulfilled in many cases. However, many collective behaviors cannot be explained only by individual behaviors. Nowadays it is known that many individual, social and environmental conditions modulate the individual, and consequently, the collective behavior. The division of labor observed in social colonies is an example of different behaviors displayed by similar individuals reared in different conditions. Behavior and environmental conditions are closely related, especially regarding the cyclic conditions. A physiological system whose function is modulate behavior concerning time was described. It is expected that each individual in a social colony bear this system and that they mark the same relationship. However, in leaf-cutting ants this system and the relationship between behavior and cyclic conditions appear to be more complex. The colony is nocturnal, because the main worker activity time happens at night; however, there is a significant amount of ants observed at day. Or the workers are arrhythmic and are able to forage at any time, or they divide the labor in work shifts. This dissertation aims to describe the process of temporal division of labor in leaf-cutting ants. Workers of leaf-cutting ants were marked in different phases (dark and light) and shifts (specific time windows). This marked ants engagement in foraging was observed along five days on the same phases and shifts. Light and dark ants body size was measured as well as the correlation between colony activity and the food retrieval efficiency. The results show that leaf-cutting ants indeed divide the labor in work shifts. Light ants and dark ants establish distinct groups. Additionally, there is difference in the ant body size of those groups: light ants are bigger than dark ants. It seems that the temporal division of labor implies in food retrieval efficiency differences. Although the fewer ants in the light phase, the food retrieval is bigger in light than in dark. The relationship between morphology and temporal division of labor can be explained by the difference in thermal tolerance of different ant body size. Bigger ants can withstand higher temperature than smaller ants. It makes sense, day temperature is higher than night\'s. Hence, the process and physiological mechanisms that generate genetically similar workers whose relation to light-dark cycles is different remains to be studied
Ramos, Vânia Maria [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de iscas atrativas para a formiga cortadeira de gramíneas Atta capiguara Gonçalves, 1944 (Hymenoptera, formicidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105415.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Empresa Privada
As formigas cortadeiras, insetos pertencentes aos gêneros Atta e Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), recebem, no Brasil, os nomes populares de saúvas e quenquéns. Devido a seu hábito alimentar polífago ocupam diversos ambientes, acarretando danos econômicos em áreas cultivadas. As partes vegetais cortadas são transportadas para suas colônias e preparadas para servir de substrato ao fungo simbionte do qual se alimentam. Atualmente, o método mais empregado para o seu controle é a aplicação de iscas tóxicas, e, para muitas espécies, proporciona excelentes resultados. Porém, para uma espécie em particular, os métodos existentes são considerados insatisfatórios. Trata-se de Atta capiguara, conhecida como saúva parda, que causa expressivos prejuízos à pecuária. A ineficiência das iscas tóxicas destinadas ao controle dessa espécie deve-se ao fato de que as mesmas são fabricadas contendo apenas polpa cítrica; como A. capiguara seleciona essencialmente monocotiledôneas, as iscas não são atrativas e, conseqüentemente, não transportadas pelas operárias. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho objetivou desenvolver iscas destinadas ao controle da saúva parda, partindo da hipótese que a adição de espécies monocotiledôneas à matriz das iscas causa efeito atrativo sobre as operárias, tornando os pelletes mais transportados. Assim, foram utilizadas espécies vegetais naturalmente selecionadas durante o forrageamento por essas formigas, no caso a cana-de-açúcar, o capim jaraguá e o capim elefante. A adição dessas gramíneas às iscas foi feita por meio de incorporação, impregnação e pulverização de extratos, além da adição direta de matéria seca vegetal em substituição parcial à polpa cítrica, sendo todo o material previamente preparado em laboratório...
The leaf-cutting ants, insects belonging to the genus Atta and Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), they have, in Brazil, the popular names of saúvas and quenquéns. Due to its polyfagic habit, they live in the most several environments, bringing out economic damages in cultivated areas. The pieces of the vegetables that they cut, are transported for its colonies and prepared to serve of substratum to the symbiont mushroom which they feed. Now, the method more employed for its control is the application of toxicant baits, and, for a lot of species, it provides excellent results. Even so, for a species in particular, the existent methods are considered unsatisfactory. It is Atta capiguara, known as saúva parda, that causes expressive damages to the pastures. The inefficiency of the toxicant baits destined to the control of that species is due to the fact that the same ones are manufactured just contends citric pulp; as A. capiguara selects monocotyledonous essentially, the baits are not attractive and, consequently, not transported by the workers. In that way, the present work objectified to develop baits destined to the control of the saúva parda, based on hypothesis that the addition of monocotyledonous species to the base of the baits should cause an attractive effect on the workers, turning the pellets more transported by the same ones. Thus, were used vegetable species that they are naturally selected during the foraging by the ants, in this case sugar-cane, jaraguá grass and elephant grass. The addition of those grasses to the baits was made by incorporation, impregnation and pulverization of the extracts, besides the direct addition of dry vegetable matter in partial substitution to the citric pulp, being previously the whole material prepared in laboratory...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Figueroa, Falcão Poliana. "Efeito da fragmentação florestal na diversidade de plantas cortadas pela formiga cortadeira Atta cephalotes." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/797.
Full textEste estudo testou a hipótese que a riqueza e a diversidade de material vegetal coletado por colônias das formigas cortadeiras Atta cephalotes são menores em áreas perturbadas como bordas de floresta e fragmentos devido a maior proporção de espécies pioneiras nessas áreas. O trabalho foi realizado em uma área de floresta Atlântica, no nordeste do Brasil (8o 30 S; 35o 50 W). Quinze colônias de Atta cephalotes foram acompanhadas por um ano. A carga vegetal trazida pelas formigas foi coletada e separada em: folhas, flores, frutos e outros. Das 483 morfoespécies vegetais coletadas pelas colônias de Atta cephalotes foram identificadas 93 espécies, pertencentes a 44 famílias e 66 gêneros. As colônias coletaram principalmente folhas de espécies com hábito arbóreo e estratégia de regeneração pioneira. Entretanto, os resultados não corroboram essa hipótese, não havendo diferença na riqueza e diversidade de espécies vegetais coletadas pelas colônias de interior, borda e fragmento, apesar de em alguns meses as colônias coletarem maior proporção de poucas espécies nesses dois últimos habitats. Esse resultado foi devido a maior área de forrageamento das colônias localizadas no interior da floresta, o que compensaria a menor proporção de espécies pioneiras nesse habitat
Vieira, de Araújo Júnior Manoel. "Efeito da fragmentação florestal nas taxas de herbivoria da formiga cortadeira Atta cephalotes." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/803.
Full textAs principais conseqüências da fragmentação são a redução e o isolamento dos habitats e um maior efeito de borda nos remanescentes. As mudanças decorrentes desse efeito permitem o estabelecimento de espécies pioneiras nos fragmentos e nas áreas de borda de floresta. Como as formigas cortadeiras coletam preferencialmente espécies pioneiras, nós hipotetizamos que as taxas de herbivoria de Atta cephalotes são maiores nas colônias localizadas em áreas perturbadas, como bordas e fragmentos pequenos, do que em florestas maduras. As taxas de herbivoria foram calculadas através da seguinte fórmula: Taxa de herbivoria = (TR x 100/TR + VAC) onde, TR é o total removido pelas formigas e VAC é a vegetação disponível após a remoção. As colônias localizadas na borda e no fragmento tiveram maiores taxas de herbivoria que as colônias localizadas no interior de florestas maduras, corroborando a hipótese apresentada. O fator responsável por esse resultado foi a menor área de forrageamento nos habitat de borda e fragmento, provavelmente devido à maior proporção de plantas pioneiras nesses ambientes perturbados. Esses resultados são muito relevantes, pois, associados à maior densidade de formigas cortadeiras nas bordas e fragmentos, indicam esses ambientes como mais suscetíveis à ação desses organismos, estando sempre em estágios iniciais de sucessão
BIEBER, Ana Gabriela Delgado. "Seriam ninhos inativos de formigas cortadeiras sítios favoráveis para o estabelecimento de plantas?" Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/917.
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De modo geral, formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) que nidificam no solo concentram nutrientes e aumentam a penetrabilidade do local onde constroem seu ninho, aumentando a riqueza e abundância de plantas diretamente em cima do ninho. Por outro lado, como as formigas cortadeiras, Atta e Acromyrmex, são os herbívoros mais conspícuos em florestas neotropicais, durante o tempo de vida de uma colônia (10 a 20 anos para Atta spp.), as plantas não se beneficiam das qualidades do solo sobre o ninho. Entretanto, muitos trabalhos têm sugerido que os grandes ninhos das formigas cortadeiras, após se tornarem inativos, poderiam vir a ser locais propícios para o estabelecimento de espécies de árvores, ou pelo menos de um grupo delas. Neste trabalho, desenvolvido em um fragmento de floresta Atlântica no norte de Alagoas, verificamos se ninhos de formigas cortadeiras seriam sítios mais favoráveis para a colonização de plantas que áreas do sub-bosque sem ninhos. Dezoito ninhos inativos de Atta cephalotes foram escolhidos e classificados em duas categorias de idade (inativos recentes, NIRs, e inativos antigos, NIAs) e em seu entorno foram demarcadas parcelas controles de mesma área. Todos os indivíduos não-adultos (plântulas, jovens e imaturos) de espécies lenhosas encontrados crescendo sobre os ninhos inativos e áreas controle foram contados e separados em três categorias de tamanho. Durante um ano, as mudanças na densidade destes indivíduos foram acompanhadas trimestralmente nas áreas dos ninhos inativos (NIRs e NIAs) e dos controles. A riqueza destes três locais foi estimada para cada categoria de tamanho. Também investigamos como seria o recrutamento de plântulas nestas áreas, testando se parâmetros como irradiação solar, resistência à penetração e nutrição do solo ajudariam a explicar os resultados encontrados. Sementes de seis espécies (Bowdichia virgilioides, Brosimum guianense, Chrysophyllum viride, Eschweilera ovata, Simarouba amara e Virola gardneri) foram plantadas e seu desenvolvimento acompanhado a cada mês. NIRs apresentaram uma baixa densidade de plântulas, e NIAs, mesmo estando inativos há 15 anos, não haviam recuperado a densidade de imaturos; sugerindo que a sucessão em ninhos inativos não é tão eficiente quanto imaginado. Dos parâmetros abióticos, apenas a resistência à penetração foi diferente entre as áreas, sendo maior nos ninhos inativos. O crescimento de indivíduos de V. gardneri foi 30% menor em NIRs do que em áreas controle. Quanto às outras espécies, ainda não foram detectadas diferenças significativas, porém esperamos detectá-las com uma maior duração do acompanhamento. A maior resistência juntamente com a menor quantidade de folhiço em ninhos recentes, sugerem que estes locais apresentem obstáculos ao estabelecimento de espécies. Com base nestes resultados, a idéia geral de que ninhos inativos de Atta spp. seriam propícios para o estabelecimento de plantas em florestas tropicais úmidas não foi corroborada
Lundén, Nina. "Den individuella utvecklingsplanen : - det formella uppdraget och lärares strävan att uppnå dess intention." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-318.
Full textSyftet med denna uppsats har varit att beskriva det formella uppdraget avseende den individuella utvecklingsplanen och utröna hur lärare menar att de arbetar i enlighet med detta. Valt fokus var grundskolans tidigare år, från skolår ett till sex. Undersökningen genomfördes i tre delar, där litteraturgenomgång, dokumentstudie av statliga, kommunala och lokala styrdokument samt intervjustudie med sex lärare, ingick. Lärare har ett likvärdigt statligt uppdrag men berörs av kommunala och lokala styrdokument som utformats på olika vis och som fokuserar på olika saker. Resultat visar att lärarnas förståelse för uppdraget skapas i processen för införandet. Det leder i sin tur lärarna till att bilda sig uppfattningar av hur de ska förhålla sig till uppdraget. Lärares uppfattningar kring hur uppdraget ska förverkligas visar två skilda sätt. Det ena sättet fokuserar på läroplanens mål att uppnå och det andra sättet på läroplanens mål att sträva mot.
Lindgren, Joanna. "LPO - 94 i Praktiken. - Hur några pedagoger tolkar och konkretiserar läroplans - och kursplansmålen i religionskunskaps ämnet." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27827.
Full textMartins, Junior Joaquim [UNESP]. "Evolução de genes e pseudogeneses mitocondriais em Atta cephalotes (Linnaeus, 1758)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87686.
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A formiga saúva-da-mata, Atta cephalotes, tem como área de ocorrência a Mata Atlântica e a Floresta Amazônica, pois não consegue viver em regiões quentes e secas como o Cerrado e Caatinga. Como os demais atineos, corta folhas e flores que servem de substrato para o fungo que cultivam, sendo considerada, na Bahia, uma importante espécie que ataca as plantações de cacau na mata cabrucada. Sua classificação taxonômica sempre foi controversa e dificil devido à dificuldade de separar as subespécies através de caracteres morfológicos, que são polimórficos e pouco informativos, fazendo com todas as subespécies fossem sinonimizadas como Atta cephalotes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os Ioci mitocondriais CDI, IGS, Leu-tRNA e CDII de populações de Atta cephalotes e estabelecer uma relação filogenética entre essas populações. Procedeu-se a extração de DNA genômico total, seguida de amplificação com iniciadores específicos e purificação dos amplicons. O produto purificado foi seqüenciado no sentido direto e reverso e consenso das seqüências foi submetido ao alinhamento múltiplo, análise de máxima parcimônia, análise de haplótipos e divergência genética. Os resultados mostraram que existem duas populações geneticamente distintas de Atta cephalotes, uma predominantemente de ocorrência amazônica e outra de Mata Atlântica, contrariando a classificação atual. Foram encontradas no Pará e Amapá dois grupos de populações: um se agrupa com o grupo de espécimes de Mata Atlântica (Bahia e Pernambuco) e o outro com os espécimes da Amazônia, sugerindo a existência de populações simpátricas nesses estados. Talvez o uso de outros marcadores, associados a estudos ecológicos e comportamentais, esclareça se nesses dois estados suas populações estão isoladas reprodutivamente. Possivelmente o grupo da Bahia deve ser classificado como uma espécie diferente do grupo da região Norte.
Not available.
Egerot, Susanne. "Lust att lära : En intervjustudie om elevers syn på lusten att lära." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-41.
Full textNär en lärare känner till vad som väcker en lust att lära hos elever, kan undervisningen bättre anpassas efter dessa förutsättningar. Därmed inte sagt att alla elever påverkas lika av samma faktorer. I vår strävan att bli bra lärare, söker vi efter det som gynnar lärandet på bästa sätt.
Syftet med denna undersökning är att reda ut begreppet ”lust att lära” och hur elever ser på just detta och hur lust skapar motivation.
Mitt arbete utgår ifrån frågan ”Vad väcker din lust att lära?”
I Läroplanen för de frivilliga skolformerna, finns flera direktiv som går att härleda till lust att lära som mål i undervisningen. Forskning visar på olika faktorer som är viktiga för elevers lust att lära såsom exempelvis
- engagemang
- motivation
- intresse och
- social samverkan
Jag har valt att göra en kvalitativ intervju med elever, då jag vill ta reda på hur de resonerar runt sin egen lust att lära.
Efter att ha ställt olika teorier i relation till elevernas resonemang, kan jag se att det inte finns en entydig tolkning av varken begreppen lust, motivation och att lära, eller vad som väcker dessa. Att betygen ofta används som en motivationshöjare stämde inte alls med min undersökning. Men däremot var feedbacken från läraren av betydligt större betydelse för motivationen och i princip grundläggande för lusten att lära. Förväntningar spelar stor roll för motivationen, både från lärare men också från föräldrar. Föräldrarna fick en roll som motivationshöjare framför allt i situationer där det förekom mindre lyckade resultat.
Känslan av att vinna något beskrevs av eleverna som den överlägset starkaste faktorn för att skapa lust att lära. Min undersökning bidrar till att förstå hur elever ser på lust att lära, och vilka faktorer som spelar roll för detta. Min egen slutsats blir att vi som lärare ska visa - att det går att vinna något genom att gå i skolan - att det finns meningsfulla utmaningar som inte behöver vara lätta, men värda att kämpa för. Resultatet blir då ett lustfyllt arbete för både elever och lärare.
Alatalo, Fanny. "Lusten till matematik och vägen dit : En studie om hur lärare arbetar med matematik och motivation på lågstadiet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121870.
Full textIvarsson, Sofia. "Att skriva sig till läsning : Lärares uppfattningar av metoden." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10172.
Full textAntonsson, Jesper, and Robin Johansson. "Att leva med ofrivilliga ljud och rörelser : - upplevelser av Tourettes syndrom." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33088.
Full textTourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by ticks, which is involuntary movements and verbal sounds. Tourette syndrome affects 1% of the world population. The syndrome has it´s onset usually between 3-10 years of age and disappears or is reduced usually before the age of 18. The purpose of the study was to illuminate people's experiences of living with Tourette syndrome. The essay was carried out as a literature study where eleven scientific articles were analyzed and summarized. The following main categories emerged in the result: experiences of being in social situations and experiences of handling life. The results showed that people with Tourette syndrome experienced difficulties in social contexts, stigma and that peers were important in everyday life. Then there is scant research about what it's like to live with Tourette syndrome, it is important that the nurse gain a greater understanding about the syndrome to be able to give person-centered care.
Bolin, Matilda, and Julia Henriksson. "Att leva med demens." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35886.
Full textToledo, Marcelo Arruda Fiuza de. "Aspectos temporais da organização coletiva do forrageamento em formigas saúvas (Atta sexdens rubropilosa)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-12062013-092212/.
Full textWhen we look at a leaf-cutting ant foraging trail it seems quite clear that it consists on the traffic of many individuals collecting food from a same source and bringing it to the colonies nest. However, the foraging trail organization goes much beyond the fact that worker ants transport leaves to the nest. From the trail formation and maintenance mechanisms, based in recruitment and in pheromone marking positive feedback, to how workers of different size divide themselves among cutting, transporting and patrolling, the foraging trail presents a sophisticated organization, reflecting the typical complexity of eusocial organisms. In this condition, it\'s particularly challenging to identify the relationship between individual behaviours, particular of ants of a given morphotype, and the global, collective patterns, observed in the colony, for example, the foraging temporal pattern. In the case of Atta sexdens, despite the widely known importance of polymorphism in division of labour, its role in determining the temporal activity patterns has not been investigated. It\'s a matter of major interest in foraging trails, considered the perspective that soldiers, which are big ants patrolling trails, perform a task whose demand is time constant, at least in non adverse conditions, while medias are largely responsible for foraging, which has preferential time for performance. In order to access if different size worker ants distinguish among their respective temporal activity patterns in trails, in this work we recorded a laboratory captive colony foraging trail, under a set photoperiod, and controlled temperature. By computational video analysis, we could count the ants and measure each of them. The following results may be highlighted : (I) trail activity is more intense during darkness than during light; (ii) activity intensity within each phase is not uniform in time, showing phase anticipation related transients, despite the absence of twilight; (iii) ants of different size distinguish among their temporal activity distributions, although not as the previously stated expectations; (iv) a global consequence of this may be seen in the mean ant size variation observed throughout the experiment. The differences of temporal activity patterns among ants of different size may result from endogenous rhythm mechanisms, and or from behavioural mechanisms of division of labour based in differential response thresholds
Bonde, Lovisa. "Att läsa eller att läsa." Thesis, Stockholm University, The Stockholm Institute of Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7567.
Full textSyftet med undersökningen var att klargöra hur lärare arbetar med skönlitteratur i undervisningen. Jag har utgått från tidigare teorier om hur skönlitteratur kan användas i undervisningen, både genom läsning och genom samtal. Det är en survey undersökning baserad på enkäter och intervjuer från ett antal lärare verksamma på samma skola. Frågorna fokuserade på varför lärarna använde sig av skönlitteratur, hur de valde böcker och om och hur de sedan samtalade om böckerna de läst. Resultatet visade att både skönlitteraturen och samtalen var naturliga inslag i undervisningen, men de var inte alltid genomtänkta eller byggda på en tydlig struktur. Alla lärare var dock eniga om det höga värdet av skönlitteratur i undervisningen.
The purpose of the study was to clarify how teachers worked with imaginative literature in their teaching. I started out in former theories about how imaginary literature can be used in teaching, both within reading and through conversation. The study is a survey study based on questionnaires and interviews from a number of teachers active on the same school. The questions focused on why they used imaginative literature, how they choose books and if and how they afterwards converse about the books they read. The results show that both the imaginative literature and the conversations are natural elements in teaching, but they where not always well thought-out or built on a clear structure. All teachers nevertheless agreed concerning the large value of imaginative literature in teaching.
Malefors, Christopher, Åsa Hjelmquist, and Daniel Bemler. "Att märkas utan att synas." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-114331.
Full textDen här studien undersöker vilka strategier snustillverkande företag använder i marknadsföringen av sina produkter, vilket är intressant eftersom den rådande tobakslagen begränsar hur det får ske. I studien ingår två små och ett större företag och vissa jämförelser mellan deras strategier har gjorts. Det visar sig att det inte är någon större skillnad i strategier mellan företag av olika storlek och att det som är viktigast för snusföretag generellt är att ha en designmässigt unik och kvalitativ produkt som exponeras tillsammans med reklamaffischer hos återförsäljare. Större företag lägger även viss vikt åt diverse PR-verksamheter.
Kempe, Johanna, and Heidi Söderström. "Att utvecklas för att stanna." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8849.
Full textKlintenberg, Lovisa, and Rebecca Newstam. "Att tiga är att samtycka." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32759.
Full textNagamoto, Nilson Satoru [UNESP]. "Estudos toxicológicos de princípios ativos utilizando como modelo Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera, formicidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105430.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A eficiência de controle das formigas cortadeiras (Atta spp. e Acromyrmex spp.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), através de iscas tóxicas, principal método de controle, depende fundamentalmente de se utilizar um princípio ativo adequado. As pesquisas realizadas para determinar quais seriam as características necessárias para os princípios ativos, ainda são insuficientes. Portanto, pretendeu-se realizar estudos para aperfeiçoar a metodologia de seleção de princípios ativos para iscas tóxicas (Nagamoto, 1998), através de um estudo mais aprofundado, incluindo aspectos toxicológicos pertinentes. Avaliou-se também o potencial de novos ingredientes ativos. Foram realizados experimentos de classificação primária de ação inseticida em relação ao tempo (Nagamoto, 1998), para os princípios ativos abamectin, clorpirifós, closantel, emamectin benzoato, indoxacarb, RPA115782, thiamethoxam e thiodicarb. Abamectin, closantel, emamectin benzoato e thiodicarb, foram incluídos na classe I (pouca ou nenhuma atividade formicida), não sendo promissores para uso em iscas tóxicas de formigas cortadeiras. Existe um potencial teórico, pelo menos para o abamectin, desde que se encontre alguma forma de se superar os mecanismos de defesa das formigas cortadeiras. Nos tratamentos testemunha, uma pequena quantidade de operárias apresentaram sintomas; mas todas as evidências indicaram que não ocorreu contaminação acidental por pesticidas, mas sim, que estes sintomas foram de processo mórbido natural. Os pesticidas enquadrados de forma provisória nas classes II (ação rápida, indesejável), III, IV e V (ação retardada, característica desejável, em crescentes amplitudes de concentrações) na presente pesquisa, ou anteriormente (Nagamoto, 1998), passaram para a seguinte fase, classificação secundária: obtenção de valores de CK15... .
The efficiency of control of the leaf-cutting ants (Atta spp. and Acromyrmex spp.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), using toxic baits, main control method, depends fundamentally of using an appropriate active ingredient. The researches accomplished to determine which are necessary characteristics to the active ingredients, are still insufficient. Then, we intended to made studies to improve the screening methodology of active ingredients for toxic baits (Nagamoto, 1998), in a more elaborated study, including pertinent toxicological aspects. It was also evaluated the potential of new active ingredients. The experiments of primary classification of insecticide action in relation to the time (Nagamoto, 1998), was made to the following active ingredients: abamectin, chlorpyrifos, closantel, emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, RPA115782, thiamethoxam and thiodicarb. Included in the class I (little or any insecticide activity), abamectin, closantel, emamectin benzoate and thiodicarb, were not being promising for use in toxic baits of leafcutting ants. A theoretical potential exists, at least for abamectin, since it meets some form of overcoming the mechanisms of defense of the leaf-cutting ants. In control treatments of the bioessays, a small amount of workers presented symptoms; but all the evidences found, indicated that it didn't happen accidental contamination for toxicants, but that these symptoms were of natural morbid process. The pesticides that was placed, in previous form, in the classes II (fast action, undesirable), III, IV and V (delayed action, desirable characteristic, in growing range of concentrations) in present research, or previously (Nagamoto, 1998), passed for the following phase, secondary classification: obtaining of values of CK15 (knockdown concentration, adds of dead workers with general paralysis) with 1 day and CK90 with 21 days, using probits method... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Rejane, de Almeida Walkiria. "Fragmentação florestal: redução no controle da formiga cortadeira Atta cephalotes por moscas parasitóides." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/505.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Nesse estudo nós testamos a hipótese que formigas cortadeiras (Atta sp.) sofrem um controle menos intenso das moscas Phoridae em áreas fragmentadas. Para avaliar diferenças na ação dos parasitóides devido ao efeito de borda, foram marcadas cinco colônias no interior e na borda de um fragmento de 3.000 ha (área controle). Adicionalmente, para verificar o efeito da redução e isolamento do habitat, outras cinco colônias foram marcadas em um fragmento de 300 ha. Foram realizadas perturbações nas colônias e registrada a ação desses parasitóides. Os resultados indicam maior abundância de parasitóides, menor tempo de aparecimento e maior taxa de ataque no interior da área controle. Nós concluímos que a fragmentação de habitats afeta a abundância e distribuição das moscas, bem como a taxa de ataques às formigas, podendo, dessa forma, comprometer o potencial efetivo de parasitismo. Portanto, podemos assumir que as populações de forídeos constituem um mecanismo de regulação populacional mais intenso para as colônias de Atta cephalotes em áreas mais preservadas
Andic, Berna. "Lärares arbetssätt inom området läsförståelse, med inriktning på årskurs 4, 5 och 6." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37366.
Full textStenberg, Johanna. "Att äta för att läka : omvårdnadsåtgärder för att motverka malnutrition." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19663.
Full textProgram: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
Jonsson, Annica. "Elevers attityd till matematik." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1166.
Full textSom matematiklärare får man ofta höra att ämnet är ett av de tråkigaste som finns. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att undersöka hur attityden till matematik är på den skola jag arbetar, vad som spelar roll för den attityd man har till ämnet och vad man kan göra för att öka motivationen till att lära mer.
Med hjälp av en enkätundersökning och intervjuer av ett antal elever i årskurs 7 kom jag fram till att attityden varierar, från dem som anser att matematik är tråkigt och svårt, till dem som tycker det är roligt och lätt. Fler elever än jag hade räknat med var relativt positiva till ämnet, men det finns fortfarande mycket som kan bli bättre.
Flera av de intervjuade eleverna kom med förslag på vad de anser behöver ändras i matematikundervisningen för att göra den roligare. Undersökningen visade att läroboken hade styrt matematiken på mellanstadiet och eleverna menade att variation i undervisningen skulla vara positivt för dem och ge dem mer förståelse och lust att lära.
Wisme, Anna-Karin, and Helena Karlsson. "Äntligen matte - inte matte nu igen : Vilka faktorer ger elever motivation och lust att lära matematik?" Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1968.
Full textSyftet med arbetet är att undersöka vilka faktorer i undervisningen och den sociala skolmiljön
som ger elever motivation och lust att lära matematik. Arbetet beskriver motivation och lust till
matematikämnet ur ett lärar- och ett elevperspektiv.
Undersökningen utförs genom intervjuer med fyra pedagoger som undervisar i matematikämnet
i skolår 1-6. Utöver detta så sker intervjuer med två elever ur varje pedagogs klass. Sammanlagt
åtta elever ingår i undersökningen.
Resultatet visar att elevens förståelse och tillit till den egna förmågan är centrala motivationsfaktorer
för att lära matematik. Enligt samtliga deltagare i undersökningen är ett varierat arbetssätt
en viktig faktor för att skapa motivation. De anser även att pedagogens roll är en stor faktor
för lusten att lära och för att göra matematikämnet roligt. När eleven ser att pedagogen tycker att
matematik är roligt så är möjligheten större att även eleven blir intresserad av ämnet. Alla de
intervjuade eleverna och pedagogerna som använder sig av en matematikbok tycker att den är
motiverande och ger lust att lära.
Kruseborn, Carina, and Anna-Karin Nordenberg. "Matematik i förskoleklass : -en studie av mål, medel och metoder." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-582.
Full textI denna studie har vi undersökt vilken matematik och vilka undervisningsmetoder som förekommer i förskoleklasserna. Vi har studerat tidigare forskning om inlärningsmetoder och olika författares syn på matematik i skolan. Genom att göra kvalitativa intervjuer med nio lärare har vi kommit fram till att lärarna har ett laborativt och undersökande arbetssätt. Lärarna arbetar för att öka elevernas förståelse inför den abstrakta matematiken. Syftet med undervisningen är att eleverna ska känna lust att lära matematik, väcka elevens nyfikenhet och intresse. Lärarna betonar vikten av social kompetens för inlärningen. Tydliga mål saknas för förskoleklassen som är en del av skolväsendet och ska betraktas som övriga skolformer.
Karlsson, Marcus. "Varför stannar hon? : En litteraturstudie om mäns våld mot kvinnor." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16965.
Full textIntroduction: Male violence against women is a serious and widespread social problem. Research has shown that most women eventually leave a violent relationship. However, a large proportion of women in violent relationships decide to stay, despite the potentially on-going violence. Aim: The aim was to determine what affects a women’s decision to stay in a violent relationship. Method: The method that was used was a literature study. Data collection was performed through a systematic search of the databases PsycInfo and PubMed. Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis: Women's fears and feelings of guilt and shame; fear seems to be an important factor that keeps women remain in the relationship. Women’s feelings and experience of the man’s behavior; women’s strong feelings for the men and their ability to forgive the man’s behavior seems to affect the decision to stay. Women's experiences of violence and threats; women who have experienced violence in childhood tend to stay in a violent relationship. Violence in intimate relationship seemed to be both an obstacle and an explanation for leaving the relationship. Women's social context; children's wellbeing, lack of social support, financial dependence and social norms appears to influence a woman to stay in a violent relationship. Implication: Suggestions are given on different community arrangements in the form of financial aid and housing, which can help women who are in the process of leaving a violent relationship. In addition, suggestions are given on how future research can be improved.
Jonsson, Evelina, and Lisa Karlsson. "Motivation : Om att lyckas väcka lusten att lära hos elever i årskurs 5." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17273.
Full textÅnöstam, Elin L. "Självständigt liv efter placering : Hur upplever ungdomar som varit placerade en eller flera gånger under uppväxten sin väg till att bli vuxna och klara sig själva." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-170304.
Full textBriby, Anne-Lie. "Är det skolans uppgift att locka elever att läsa skönlitteratur? : En fundering om skönlitteraturens roll i svenskämnet." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18184.
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