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Journal articles on the topic 'Atypical trypanosomes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Magez, Stefan, Joar Esteban Pinto Torres, Seoyeon Oh, and Magdalena Radwanska. "Salivarian Trypanosomes Have Adopted Intricate Host-Pathogen Interaction Mechanisms That Ensure Survival in Plain Sight of the Adaptive Immune System." Pathogens 10, no. 6 (2021): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060679.

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Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites affecting humans, livestock and game animals. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are human infective sub-species of T. brucei causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT—sleeping sickness). The related T. b. brucei parasite lacks the resistance to survive in human serum, and only inflicts animal infections. Animal trypanosomiasis (AT) is not restricted to Africa, but is present on all continents. T. congolense and T. vivax are the most widespread pathogenic trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Through mechanical tra

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Truc, Philippe, Philippe Büscher, Gérard Cuny, et al. "Atypical Human Infections by Animal Trypanosomes." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7, no. 9 (2013): e2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002256.

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3

Nguyen, Hang Thi Thu, Robin B. Guevarra, Stefan Magez, and Magdalena Radwanska. "Single-cell transcriptome profiling and the use of AID deficient mice reveal that B cell activation combined with antibody class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation do not benefit the control of experimental trypanosomosis." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 11 (2021): e1010026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010026.

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Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular protozoan parasites causing infections in a wide range of mammalian hosts, with Trypanosoma evansi having the widest geographic distribution, reaching territories far outside Africa and occasionally even Europe. Besides causing the animal diseases, T. evansi can cause atypical Human Trypanosomosis. The success of this parasite is attributed to its capacity to evade and disable the mammalian defense response. To unravel the latter, we applied here for the first time a scRNA-seq analysis on splenocytes from trypanosome infected mice, at two time points d

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Ginger, Michael L., Katharine A. Sam, and James W. A. Allen. "Probing why trypanosomes assemble atypical cytochrome c with an AxxCH haem-binding motif instead of CxxCH." Biochemical Journal 448, no. 2 (2012): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20120757.

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Mitochondrial cytochromes c and c1 are core components of the respiratory chain of all oxygen-respiring eukaryotes. These proteins contain haem, covalently bound to the polypeptide in a catalysed post-translational modification. In all eukaryotes, except members of the protist phylum Euglenozoa, haem attachment is to the cysteine residues of a CxxCH haem-binding motif. In the Euglenozoa, which include medically relevant trypanosomatid parasites, haem attachment is to a single cysteine residue in an AxxCH haem-binding motif. Moreover, genes encoding known c-type cytochrome biogenesis machinerie

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Rivera-Correa, Juan, Joseph Verdi, Julian Sherman, Jeremy M. Sternberg, Jayne Raper, and Ana Rodriguez. "Autoimmunity to phosphatidylserine and anemia in African Trypanosome infections." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 9 (2021): e0009814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009814.

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Anemia caused by trypanosome infection is poorly understood. Autoimmunity during Trypanosoma brucei infection was proposed to have a role during anemia, but the mechanisms involved during this pathology have not been elucidated. In mouse models and human patients infected with malaria parasites, atypical B-cells promote anemia through the secretion of autoimmune anti-phosphatidylserine (anti-PS) antibodies that bind to uninfected erythrocytes and facilitate their clearance. Using mouse models of two trypanosome infections, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, we assessed levels of autoant

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Truc, P., R. Nzoumbou-Boko, M. Desquesnes, S. Semballa, and P. Vincendeau. "Atypical human trypanosomoses." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 24, no. 3 (2014): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2014.0346.

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7

Wardhana, April Hari, and Dyah H. Savitri. "Surra: Trypanosomiasis in Livestock is Potential as Zoonotic Disease." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 3 (2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i3.1835.

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<em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> is one of blood protozoans having the most wide distribution region compared to other Trypanosome species. The parasite causes trypanosomiasis known as Surra. The disease may cause mortality to the infected animals. In general <em>T evansi</em> only attack animal and cannot infect humans due to apolipoprotein 1 (Apo L-1) in human serum. The protein possess trypanolitic activity feature against <em>T. evansi</em> and effectively eliminates the protozoa. However, the knowledge of Surra infecting animals changed because there were at

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8

Morgan, Gareth W., Clare L. Allen, Tim R. Jeffries, Michael Hollinshead, and Mark C. Field. "Developmental and morphological regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis inTrypanosoma brucei." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 14 (2001): 2605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.14.2605.

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Essentially all macromolecular communication between Trypanosoma brucei and its host is confined to vesicular trafficking events occurring at or around the flagellar pocket. The vertebrate stage bloodstream form trypomastigote exhibits an extremely high rate of endocytosis required for nutrient uptake and probably also evasion of the host immune system. However, the rate of endocytosis is very low in the procyclic vector parasite, indicating that endocytosis is subject to a marked level of developmental regulation. Previous ultrastructural studies and crude biochemical fractionations have indi

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9

de Macêdo, Juan P., Gabriela Schumann Burkard, Moritz Niemann, et al. "An Atypical Mitochondrial Carrier That Mediates Drug Action in Trypanosoma brucei." PLOS Pathogens 11, no. 5 (2015): e1004875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004875.

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10

Wardhana, AH, DH Sawitri, E. Wiedosari, et al. "Molecular detection of Trypanosoma lewisi in rodents distributed in dairy cattle pens and residential areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1292, no. 1 (2024): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1292/1/012038.

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Abstract The World Organisation for Animal Health continues to be concerned about the spread of atypical human-animal trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma lewisi is one of the rodent-origin zoonotic trypanosomiasis. Despite the fact that many cases of T. lewisi in humans have been documented in several nations, the study of this pathogenic parasite in Indonesia remains limited. The objective of this investigation was to use a molecular approach to detect T. lewisi in rats captured in livestock pens and residential areas. In Pondok Ranggon Village, Cipayung District, East Jakarta, 14 traps were placed

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Alonso, Guillermo D., Alejandra C. Schoijet, Héctor N. Torres, and Mirtha M. Flawiá. "TcrPDEA1, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase with atypical pharmacological properties from Trypanosoma cruzi." Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 152, no. 1 (2007): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.12.002.

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12

Nabity, M. B., K. Barnhart, K. S. Logan, et al. "An atypical case of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a young English Mastiff." Veterinary Parasitology 140, no. 3-4 (2006): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.034.

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13

Deborggraeve, Stijn, Mathurin Koffi, Vincent Jamonneau, et al. "Molecular analysis of archived blood slides reveals an atypical human Trypanosoma infection." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 61, no. 4 (2008): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.03.006.

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14

González, Andrea, Steffen Härtel, Jorge Mansilla, Fernando Sánchez-Valdéz, and Arturo Ferreira. "Variable numbers of calreticulin genes in Trypanosoma cruzi correlate with atypical morphology and protein expression." Immunobiology 223, no. 12 (2018): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2018.08.005.

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15

Harris, Eva, Gerald Kropp, Alejandro Belli, Betzabé Rodriguez, and Nina Agabian. "Single-Step Multiplex PCR Assay for Characterization of New World Leishmania Complexes." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 7 (1998): 1989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.7.1989-1995.1998.

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We have developed a PCR assay for one-step differentiation of the three complexes of New World Leishmania (Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania mexicana, andLeishmania donovani). This multiplex assay is targeted to the spliced leader RNA (mini-exon) gene repeats of these organisms and can detect all three complexes simultaneously, generating differently sized products for each complex. The assay is specific to theLeishmania genus and does not recognize related kinetoplastid protozoa, such as Trypanosoma cruzi,Trypanosoma brucei, and Crithidia fasciculata. It correctly identified Leishmania spec

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Inoue, Masahiro, Kouichi Yasuda, Haruki Uemura, et al. "Phosphorylation-Dependent Protein Interaction with Trypanosoma brucei 14-3-3 Proteins that Display Atypical Target Recognition." PLoS ONE 5, no. 12 (2010): e15566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015566.

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17

Ooi, Cher P., Corinna Benz, and Michael D. Urbaniak. "Phosphoproteomic analysis of mammalian infective Trypanosoma brucei subjected to heat shock suggests atypical mechanisms for thermotolerance." Journal of Proteomics 219 (May 2020): 103735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103735.

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18

Goyal, Vibhuti, Preeti Jain, and Ranjan Agrawal. "An atypical Trypanosoma lewisi infection in a 22-day-old neonate from India: An emergent zoonosis." Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 66, no. 1 (2023): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_449_22.

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19

Adhiambo, C., T. Blisnick, G. Toutirais, E. Delannoy, and P. Bastin. "A novel function for the atypical small G protein Rab-like 5 in the assembly of the trypanosome flagellum." Journal of Cell Science 122, no. 6 (2009): 834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.040444.

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20

SINGH, VEER, and BISWA RANJAN MAHARANA. "Insight into trypanosomosis (Surra) of Indian livestock: Recent updates." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, no. 10 (2018): 1101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i10.84068.

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Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is an economically important disease of a wide range of domestic and wild animals, and is most widely distributed. It is a potentially fatal disease causing huge economic losses to the livestock owners in terms of morbidity, mortality, abortion, infertility, reduced milk yield and also by interfering with vaccination programme in India. Due to sub clinical nature of the disease, it has been underestimated in cattle and buffaloes. Emergence of atypical cases of human trypanosomiasis has created an alarming situation and indicates a possible zoonotic threat i

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21

Schlecker, Tanja, Marcelo A. Comini, Johannes Melchers, Thomas Ruppert, and R. Luise Krauth-Siegel. "Catalytic mechanism of the glutathione peroxidase-type tryparedoxin peroxidase of Trypanosoma brucei." Biochemical Journal 405, no. 3 (2007): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20070259.

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Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness, encodes three nearly identical genes for cysteine-homologues of the selenocysteine-containing glutathione peroxidases. The enzymes, which are essential for the parasites, lack glutathione peroxidase activity but catalyse the trypanothione/Tpx (tryparedoxin)-dependent reduction of hydroperoxides. Cys47, Gln82 and Trp137 correspond to the selenocysteine, glutamine and tryptophan catalytic triad of the mammalian selenoenzymes. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Cys47 and Gln82 are essential. A glycine mutant of Trp137 had

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Burger, Adélle, Paula Macucule-Tinga, Stephen John Bentley, et al. "Characterization of an Atypical Trypanosoma brucei Hsp70 Demonstrates Its Cytosolic-Nuclear Localization and Modulation by Quercetin and Methylene Blue." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (2021): 6776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136776.

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Trypanosoma brucei (Tb) harbours twelve Hsp70 chaperones. Of these, four are predicted to reside in the parasite cytosol. TbHsp70.c is predicted to be cytosolic and upregulated upon heat stress and is an ATPase that exhibits holdase chaperone function. Cytosol-localized Tbj2 stimulates the ATPase activity of TbHsp70.c. In the current study, immunofluorescence confirmed that TbHsp70.c is both a cytosolic and a nuclear protein. Furthermore, in silico analysis was used to elucidate an atypical linker and hydrophobic pocket. Tellingly, TbHsp70.c lacks the EEVD and GGMP motifs, both of which are im

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23

Marek, Martin, Elizabeth Ramos-Morales, Gisele F. A. Picchi-Constante, et al. "Species-selective targeting of pathogens revealed by the atypical structure and active site of Trypanosoma cruzi histone deacetylase DAC2." Cell Reports 37, no. 12 (2021): 110129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110129.

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24

Armstrong, Raveen, Matt J. Romprey, Henry M. Raughley, et al. "An independently tunable dual control system for RNAi complementation in Trypanosoma brucei." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0321334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321334.

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Trypanosoma brucei is a tractable protist parasite for which many genetic tools have been developed to study novel biology. A striking feature of T. brucei is the catenated mitochondrial DNA network called the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) that is essential for parasite survival and life cycle completion. Maintenance of kDNA requires three independently essential paralogs that have homology to bacterial DNA polymerase I (POLIB, POLIC and POLID). We previously demonstrated that POLIB has a divergent domain architecture that displayed enzymatic properties atypical for replicative DNA polymerases. To ev

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Picco, E., B. Cañizares, R. Rojas Tessel, et al. "AB0568 CHRITHIDIA LUCILAE IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE PRESENCE IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH POSITIVE CHAGAS TESTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (2022): 1410.2–1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.5071.

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BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the presence of auto-antibodies, including anti-double strained DNA (dsDNA), which are highly specific for the disease diagnosis and its follow up. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using chritidia luciliae (CL) as the antigenic substratum, is the most widely used method to detect it, and its positivity is defined with the staining of the kinetoplast and/or the nucleus. CL is a flagellated parasite, included in trypanosomatidae family, which also includes trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of Chagas Disease (CD). Some studies suggest t

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Clement, Sandra L., Melissa K. Mingler, and Donna J. Koslowsky. "An Intragenic Guide RNA Location Suggests a Complex Mechanism for Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Trypanosoma brucei." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 4 (2004): 862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.4.862-869.2004.

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ABSTRACT In Trypanosoma brucei, two classes of transcripts are produced from two distinct mitochondrial genome components. Guide RNAs (gRNAs) are usually minicircle encoded and exist as primary transcripts, while the maxicircle-encoded rRNAs and mRNAs are processed from a polycistronic precursor. The genes for the gRNAs gMURF2-II and gCYb(560) each have uncommon kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) locations that are not typically associated with transcription initiation events. We demonstrate that the conserved maxicircle gRNA gMURF2-II has an unusual location within the ND4 gene. This is the first report

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Patel, Shreenal, Syeed Hussain, Richard Harris, et al. "Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism of Trypanosoma cruzi GPXI (glutathione peroxidase-like enzyme I)." Biochemical Journal 425, no. 3 (2010): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20091167.

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Current drug therapies against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, have limited effectiveness and are highly toxic. T. cruzi-specific metabolic pathways that utilize trypanothione for the reduction of peroxides are being explored as potential novel therapeutic targets. In the present study we solved the X-ray crystal structure of one of the T. cruzi enzymes involved in peroxide reduction, the glutathione peroxidase-like enzyme TcGPXI (T. cruzi glutathione peroxidase-like enzyme I). We also characterized the wild-type, C48G and C96G variants of TcGPXI by NMR spectroscopy a

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Wanderley, Dalva M. V., Vera L. C. C. Rodrigues, Ruth Moreira Leite, et al. "On an acute case of Chagas disease in a region under vector control in the state of São Paulo, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 52, no. 3 (2010): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652010000300007.

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No vector transmitted cases of Chagas disease had been notified in the state of São Paulo since the 1970s. However, in March, 2006, the death of a six-year-old boy from the municipality of Itaporanga was notified to the Center for Epidemiological Survey of the São Paulo State Health Secretariat: an autochthonous case of acute Chagas disease. The postmortem histopathological examination performed in the Hospital das Clínicas of the Botucatu School of Medicine confirmed the diagnosis. Reference to hospital records, consultation with the health professionals involved in the case and interviews wi

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Duschak, Vilma G. "Major Kinds of Drug Targets in Chagas Disease or American Trypanosomiasis." Current Drug Targets 20, no. 11 (2019): 1203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190423160804.

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American Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic infection commonly named Chagas disease, affects millions of people all over Latin American countries. Presently, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that the number of international infected individuals extends to 7 to 8 million, assuming that more than 10,000 deaths occur annually. The transmission of the etiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, through people migrating to non-endemic world nations makes it an emergent disease. The best promising targets for trypanocidal drugs may be classified into three main groups: Group I includes the main molecu

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Balouz, Virginia, Luciano J. Melli, Romina Volcovich, et al. "The Trypomastigote Small Surface Antigen from Trypanosoma cruzi Improves Treatment Evaluation and Diagnosis in Pediatric Chagas Disease." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 12 (2017): 3444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01317-17.

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ABSTRACTChagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi. Assessment of parasitological cure upon treatment with available drugs relies on achieving consistent negative results in conventional parasitological and serological tests, which may take years to assess. Here, we evaluated the use of a recombinantT. cruziantigen termed trypomastigote small surface antigen (TSSA) as an early serological marker of drug efficacy inT. cruzi-infected children. A cohort of 78 pediatric patients born toT. cruzi-infected mothers was included in this study. Only 39 of the children were infec

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TETAUD, Emmanuel, Stefania HANAU, Jeremy M. WELLS, et al. "6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Lactococcus lactis: a role for arginine residues in binding substrate and coenzyme." Biochemical Journal 338, no. 1 (1999): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3380055.

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A gene encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH, EC 1.1.1.44) was identified from the homofermentative lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis, by complementation of Escherichia coli mutants. The cloned gene was then expressed to high levels in E. coli and the protein purified for kinetic analysis. The enzyme had a Km for 6-phosphogluconate of 15.4±1.4 µM and for NADP of 1.9±0.2 µM at pH 7.5. Sequence comparison of the L. lactis 6-PGDH with the corresponding enzyme derived from the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei and sheep liver revealed the substrate-binding residues to be i

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Romer, Guadalupe, Leonel A. Bracco, Alejandro D. Ricci, et al. "Deep serological profiling of the Trypanosoma cruzi TSSA antigen reveals different epitopes and modes of recognition by Chagas disease patients." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 8 (2023): e0011542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011542.

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Background Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, displays a highly structured population, with multiple strains that can be grouped into 6–7 evolutionary lineages showing variable eco-epidemiological traits and likely also distinct disease-associated features. Previous works have shown that antibody responses to ‘isoforms’ of the polymorphic parasite antigen TSSA enable robust and sensitive identification of the infecting strain with near lineage-level resolution. To optimize the serotyping performance of this molecule, we herein used a combination of immunosignaturing approaches bas

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Pannequin, Anaïs, Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq, Jean Costa, Aura Tintaru, and Alain Muselli. "First Phytochemical Profiling and In-Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Essential Oil and Extract of Plagiochila porelloides." Molecules 28, no. 2 (2023): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020616.

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Volatiles metabolites from the liverwort Plagiochila porelloides harvested in Corsica were investigated by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. In addition to already reported constituents, three new compounds were isolated by preparative chromatography and their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR experiments. Hence, an atypic aliphatic compound, named 1,2-dihydro-4,5-dehydronerolidol and two isomers, (E) and (Z), possessing an unusual humbertiane skeleton (called p-menth-1-en-3-[2-methylbut-1-enyl]-8-ol) are newly reported and fully characterized in this work.

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Wardhana, April, Frenky Putra, Aditya Yudhana, et al. "Detection of Trypanosoma lewisi from rodents residing in the densely populated residential regions along the coastal areas of Banyuwangi Sub District, Indonesia." Open Veterinary Journal 14, no. 8 (2024): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i8.9.

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Background: Extensive attention has been devoted to studies of Trypanosoma lewisi in rodents ever since it became recognised as a zoonotic pathogen known as atypical human trypanosomiasis. Regrettably, although T. lewisi infections of small mammals remain significant public health concerns for humans, there is a lack of comprehensive study in Indonesia. Aim: The aim of the study was to detect T. lewisi from rodents residing in the densely populated residential regions along the coastal areas of Banyuwangi Sub District. Methods: A total of 169 rodents were captured across three villages of Kamp

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Rivera-Correa, Juan, Maria Pardo-Ruge, Sandra Gonzalez, and Ana Rodriguez. "Autoreactive T-bet+ B-cells promote pathological anemia during infection." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 123.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.123.13.

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Abstract Malaria is still one of leading infectious diseases in the world being a great global health burden. Pathological anemia is one of the most common malaria-associated complications, which accounts to both great morbidity and mortality of the infection. Our lab has recently identified autoantibodies that target the membrane lipid phosphatidylserine (PS) on uninfected erythrocytes as a major promoter of malarial anemia both in a rodent model and correlating with P. falciparum malarial anemia in patients. The aim of this work was to identify the population of B-cells that are responsible

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Maldonado, Edio, Diego A. Rojas, Fabiola Urbina, and Aldo Solari. "The Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammatory Process in Chagas Disease: Role of Exosomes and Contributing Genetic Factors." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (December 23, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4993452.

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Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the flagellated protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi that affects several million people mainly in Latin American countries. Chagas disease has two phases, which are acute and chronic, both separated by an indeterminate time period in which the infected individual is relatively asymptomatic. The acute phase extends for 40-60 days with atypical and mild symptoms; however, about 30% of the infected patients will develop a symptomatic chronic phase, which is characterized by either cardiac, digestive, neurological, or endocrine problems. Cardiomyopat

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Desquesnes, Marc, Marisa Gonzatti, Alireza Sazmand, et al. "A review on the diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses." Parasites & Vectors 15, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05190-1.

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AbstractThis review focuses on the most reliable and up-to-date methods for diagnosing trypanosomoses, a group of diseases of wild and domestic mammals, caused by trypanosomes, parasitic zooflagellate protozoans mainly transmitted by insects. In Africa, the Americas and Asia, these diseases, which in some cases affect humans, result in significant illness in animals and cause major economic losses in livestock. A number of pathogens are described in this review, including several Salivarian trypanosomes, such as Trypanosoma brucei sspp. (among which are the agents of sleeping sickness, the hum

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Cuypers, Bart, Laurence Lecordier, Conor J. Meehan, et al. "Apolipoprotein L1 Variant Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Trypanosome Infection." mBio 7, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02198-15.

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ABSTRACT African trypanosomes, except Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , which cause human African trypanosomiasis, are lysed by the human serum protein apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1). These two subspecies can resist human ApoL1 because they express the serum resistance proteins T. b. gambiense glycoprotein (TgsGP) and serum resistance-associated protein (SRA), respectively. Whereas in T. b. rhodesiense , SRA is necessary and sufficient to inhibit ApoL1, in T. b. gambiense , TgsGP cannot protect against high ApoL1 uptake, so different additional mechanisms contribute

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Curval, Ana, Jorge Seixas, In Azevedo, Ana Maia, and Jorge Atouguia. "Sleeping Sickness: a congenital case after a possible parents sexual transmission." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1661524318.

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The authors identify a rare case of congenital infection by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense on a 21-year-old Afro-Brazilian boy, born in the USA, who was diagnosed at 16 months of age after returning to Portugal. At that moment, neither the patient nor his mother had ever been to Africa. He was admitted in our Paediatric Department under symptoms of a wasting syndrome, lymphadenopathies and intermittent fever. During the initial evaluation, he was diagnosed with anaemia, hypergammaglobulinemia and a positive serology for cytomegalovirus infection. A month later, the wasting syndrome had gotten wo

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Dewar, Caroline E., Silke Oeljeklaus, Jan Mani, et al. "Mistargeting of aggregation prone mitochondrial proteins activates a nucleus-mediated posttranscriptional quality control pathway in trypanosomes." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30748-z.

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AbstractMitochondrial protein import in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei is mediated by the atypical outer membrane translocase, ATOM. It consists of seven subunits including ATOM69, the import receptor for hydrophobic proteins. Ablation of ATOM69, but not of any other subunit, triggers a unique quality control pathway resulting in the proteasomal degradation of non-imported mitochondrial proteins. The process requires a protein of unknown function, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and the ubiquitin-like protein (TbUbL1), which all are recruited to the mitochondrion upon ATOM69 depletion. TbUb

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Novotná, Markéta, Michele Tinti, Joana R. C. Faria, and David Horn. "Precision-edited histone tails disrupt polycistronic gene expression controls in trypanosomes." Nature Communications 16, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61480-z.

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Abstract Transcription of protein coding genes in trypanosomatids is atypical and almost exclusively polycistronic. In Trypanosoma brucei, for example, approximately 150 polycistrons, and 8000 genes, are constitutively transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The RNA pol-II promoters are also unconventional and characterised by regions of chromatin enriched for histones with specific patterns of post-translational modification on their divergent N-terminal tails. To investigate the roles of histone tail-residues in gene expression control in T. brucei, we engineered strains exclusively expressing mut

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Ségard, Adeline, Audrey Roméro, Sophie Ravel, et al. "Development of nine microsatellite loci for Trypanosoma lewisi, a potential human pathogen in Western Africa and South-East Asia, and preliminary population genetics analyses." April 14, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252922.

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This manuscript (word or pdf files), presents results obtained while developing microsatellite markers for the parasite <em>T. lewisi</em> and the first population genetics data analysis for this species.             This parasite is found mainly in rodents (rats) and is transmitted by fleas. To this respect, it shares the same cycle as other human pathogens (plague, murine typhus)             The first results suggest that the subpopulation unit for these parasite populations may be f

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Cayla, Mathieu, Lindsay McDonald, Paula MacGregor, and Keith Matthews. "An atypical DYRK kinase connects quorum-sensing with posttranscriptional gene regulation in Trypanosoma brucei." eLife 9 (March 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.51620.

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The sleeping sickness parasite, Trypanosoma brucei, uses quorum sensing (QS) to balance proliferation and transmission potential in the mammal bloodstream. A signal transduction cascade regulates this process, a component of which is a divergent member of the DYRK family of protein kinases, TbDYRK. Phylogenetic and mutational analysis in combination with activity and phenotypic assays revealed that TbDYRK exhibits a pre-activated conformation and an atypical HxY activation loop motif, unlike DYRK kinases in other eukaryotes. Phosphoproteomic comparison of TbDYRK null mutants with wild-type par

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Staneva, Desislava P., Roberta Carloni, Tatsiana Auchynnikava, et al. "A systematic analysis of Trypanosoma brucei chromatin factors identifies novel protein interaction networks associated with sites of transcription initiation and termination." Genome Research, August 18, 2021, gr.275368.121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.275368.121.

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Nucleosomes composed of histones are the fundamental units around which DNA is wrapped to form chromatin. Transcriptionally active euchromatin or repressive heterochromatin is regulated in part by the addition or removal of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) by ‘writer’ and ‘eraser’ enzymes, respectively. Nucleosomal PTMs are recognised by a variety of ‘reader’ proteins which alter gene expression accordingly. The histone tails of the evolutionarily divergent eukaryotic parasite Trypanosoma brucei have atypical sequences and PTMs distinct from those often considered universally co

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Nascimento, Kátia Cristina Silva, Sandra Maria de Oliveira Souza, Aline Fagundes, et al. "Aflagellar Epimastigote of Trypanosoma caninum: Biological and Ultrastructural Study of this Atypical Evolutionary Form." Acta Parasitologica, April 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11686-022-00540-6.

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Rangel-Gamboa, Lucia, Lirio López-García, Francisco Moreno-Sánchez, et al. "Trypanosoma cruzi infection associated with atypical clinical manifestation during the acute phase of the Chagas disease." Parasites & Vectors 12, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3766-3.

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Abstract Background Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is transmitted by triatomine insects. Clinical manifestations vary according to the phase of the disease. Cutaneous manifestations are usually observed in the acute phase (chagoma and Romaña’s sign) or after reactivation of the chronic phase by immunosuppression; however, a disseminated infection in the acute phase without immunosuppression has not been reported for CD. Here, we report an unusual case of disseminated cutaneous infection during the acute phase of CD in a Mexican woman. Methods Eval

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Nguyen, Hang Thi Thu, Stefan Magez, and Magdalena Radwanska. "From helping to regulating – A transcriptomic profile of Ifng+ Il10+ Il21+ Cd4+ Th1 cells indicates their role in regulating inflammation during experimental trypanosomosis." Frontiers in Tropical Diseases 4 (February 22, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2023.1127022.

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IntroductionTrypanosoma evansi parasite infections cause a chronic animal wasting disease called Surra, and cases of atypical Human Trypanosomosis (aHT). In experimental models, T. evansi infections are hallmarked by the early onset of excessive inflammation. Therefore, balancing the production of inflammatory cytokines by anti-inflammatory IL-10 is crucial for prolonged survival.MethodsTo improve the understanding of trypanosomosis induced immunopathology, we used scRNA-seq data from an experimental chronic T. evansi infection mouse model, resembling natural infection in terms of disease char

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Alonso, Victoria L., Andrea M. Escalante, Elvio Rodríguez Araya, et al. "1,3,4-oxadiazoles as inhibitors of the atypical member of the BET family bromodomain factor 3 from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcBDF3)." Frontiers in Microbiology 15 (October 1, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1465672.

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Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions globally, with increasing urban cases outside of Latin America. Treatment is based on two compounds, namely, benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox, but chronic cases pose several challenges. Targeting lysine acetylation, particularly bromodomain-containing proteins, shows promise as a novel antiparasitic target. Our research focuses on TcBDF3, a cytoplasmic protein, which is crucial for parasite differentiation that recognizes acetylated alpha-tubulin. In our previous study, A1B4 was identified as a high-affinity b

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Jafree, Ehsan, W. Savindu Pasan Botheju, Yuxuan Mao, Anna Tomdio, and Kristyn Gentry. "Abstract 15242: Donor-Derived Chagas Disease Masquerading as Acute Heart Transplant Rejection." Circulation 146, Suppl_1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.146.suppl_1.15242.

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Introduction: Although Chagas disease affects over 300,000 residents in the US, donor-derived Trypanosoma cruzi transmission is an uncommon complication after heart transplantation. We present a case of post-transplant Chagas cardiomyopathy. Results: A 68 year old male with history of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction secondary to ischemic cardiomyopathy, status post HeartMate III and subsequent orthotopic heart transplantation from a Hispanic donor, initially presented four months after transplant for routine right heart catheterization. Endomyocardial biopsy showed grade 2R acute

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Ibrahim, Etedal Ahmed A., Mohammed Gasm Elseed M. Elmahal, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Elfatih A. Hasabo, and Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla Omer. "Unusual neurological presentation of second stage African trypanosomiasis in a young boy: a case report." BMC Pediatrics 22, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03313-2.

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Abstract Background In South Sudan, sleeping sickness is a frequent condition caused by human African trypanosomiasis. There are two stages that are well-known. When the CNS is affected, especially with Trypanosoma gambiense infection, the early hemolymphatic stage and the late encephalitic stage have been observed, including mental, motor, and sensory symptoms. In this case, second-stage African trypanosomiasis manifested itself in an atypical neurological manner. Case presentation A 16-year-old boy from South Sudan referred to Sudan National Centre for Neurological Sciences, Khartoum, Sudan

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