We are proudly a Ukrainian website. Our country was attacked by Russian Armed Forces on Feb. 24, 2022.
You can support the Ukrainian Army by following the link: https://u24.gov.ua/.
Even the smallest donation is hugely appreciated!
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Au–Cu System.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Chakrabarti, D. J., and D. E. Laughlin. "Cu-Pb system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, no. 6 (December 1985): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02887143.
Chakrabarti, D. J., and D. E. Laughlin. "Cu-Sr system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, no. 6 (December 1985): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02887144.
Coughanowr, Corinne A., Ibrahim Ansara, Rauno Luoma, Marko Hämäläinen, and Hans Leo Lukas. "Assessment of the Cu-Mg System / Optimierung des Systems Cu-Mg." International Journal of Materials Research 82, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1991-820711.
Ishida, Kenji, Yoshio Kitaoka, Hiromi Masuda, Kunisuke Asayama, Toshihiro Takahashi, Akiko Kobayashi, Reizo Kato, and Hayao Kobayashi. "Cu NMR Study in DCNQI-Cu System." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 64, no. 8 (August 15, 1995): 2970–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.64.2970.
Demchyna, R. O., S. I. Chykhrij, and Yu B. Kuz’ma. "Y–Cu–P system." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 345, no. 1-2 (October 2002): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(02)00432-2.
Argüello, José M., and Manuel González-Guerrero. "Cu+-ATPases Brake System." Structure 16, no. 6 (June 2008): 833–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2008.05.002.
Chakrabarti, D. J., and D. E. Laughlin. "The Cu−Pb system." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 7, no. 6 (December 1986): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02869852.
Missiaen, J. M., R. Voytovych, B. Gilles, and N. Eustathopoulos. "Solid state spreading in the Cu/Cu system." Journal of Materials Science 40, no. 9-10 (May 2005): 2377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1962-3.
Turchanin, M. A., P. G. Agraval, and A. R. Abdulov. "Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ti-Zr system. I. Cu-Ti system." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 47, no. 5-6 (May 2008): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-008-9026-2.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Au–Cu System":
1
Rhee, Seung-hyun. "Thermal stress behaviors of Al(Cu)/low-k and Cu/low-k submicron interconnect structures." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035963.
Fehse, Susanne [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung von Cu/Nanocarrier-Komplexen im zellulären System / Susanne Fehse." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077211937/34.
In recent years, research has focused on the synthesis of more "green" nanoparticles where the reagents were less toxic and the products more compatible with biological cells and tissues. This is because quantum dots are increasingly used in the technological industries thanks to their properties, such as luminescence, stability in time. They are then used as drug markers, bioimaging and nanosensors.
So a valid alternative to the classic quantum dots such as Pbs or Cdse, are the copper-indium sulfide (CIS) nanoparticles, which are synthesized with organic reagents but also in aqueous solution, resulting in more green and biocompatible.This project mainly has two objectives.
This project mainly has two objectives. The first is the study and synthesis of copper-indium-sulfide quantum dots.
In this initial phase we wanted to study the relationship between copper and indium and how this influenced the luminescence of quantum dots. It has been noted that a decrease in copper concentration causes a blue-shift in absorption spectra.
Subsequently, the focus was on the synthesis of the zinc sulfide shell around the CIS, varying the concentration of zinc and studying its influence in luminescence.
It has been noted that decreasing the concentration of zinc during the synthesis process had a red-shift in the spectra of luminescence, making luminescent samples that without shells were not.
Last step is the study of the ligands around nanoparticles, using either a single ligand or mixing them.
The characterization techniques used are the most common spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible and the PL,PLE.
5
Schmidt, Ralf. "Wärmeleitfähigkeit amorpher Cu x Sn 100-x -Schichten." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10324559.
Kaganovskii, Yuri, Lyudmila N. Paritskaya, and Valeriy V. Bogdanov. "Lateral diffusion spreading of two competitive intermetallic phases along free surface (system Cu-Sn): Lateral diffusion spreading of two competitive intermetallicphases along free surface (system Cu-Sn)." Diffusion fundamentals 6 (2007) 43, S. 1-2, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14219.
Pazukha, Iryna Mykhailivna, Ирина Михайловна Пазуха, Ірина Михайлівна Пазуха, and О. В. Ісаєв. "Використання плівкової системи Cu/Cr як чутливого елемента датчика тиску." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4273.
Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die es ermoeglicht,
Waermeleitfaehigkeitsmessungen an sowohl in-situ als auch
ex-situ hergestellten duennen Schichten durchzufuehren.
Es wurden Messungen der Waermeleitfaehigkeit und des elektrischen
Widerstandes fuer das System Cu_{x}Sn_{100-x} 0<=x<=100 im
Temperaturbereich von 1.2 K
bis 360 K durchgefuehrt. Die Proben wurden jeweils nach der
Herstellung im amorphen bzw. mikrokristallinen
Zustand und nach dem Anlassen auf 360 K im kristallisierten
Zustand gemessen.
Die Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen der in der Literatur
gebraeuchlichen Modelle diskutiert. Da es sich bei
Cu-Sn um ein metallisches System handelt, tragen sowohl
Elektronen als auch Phononen zur Waermeleitfaehigkeit bei.
Die Trennung der Beitraege mit Hilfe des Wiedemann-Franz'schen
Gesetzes bereitet wegen der starken Elektron-Phonon-Kopplung
Schwierigkeiten.
In der Waermeleitfaehigkeit der amorphen Cu-Sn-Legierungen
bei tiefen Temperaturen wird ein Bereich schwaecherer
Temperaturabhaengigkeit gefunden.
Dieser Plateaubereich deutet auf zusaetzliche Wechselwirkungsmechanismen
hin und verschiebt sich mit steigender Cu-Konzentration
zu kleineren Temperaturen. Er tritt bei den Cu-reichen Proben,
die aufgrund der hohen Kristallisationstemperatur einen geringeren
Kristallisationsgrad aufweisen, auch im kristallisierten Zustand
auf. Demzufolge ist das Plateau in diesem Fall zu tieferen
Temperaturen verschoben. Die Verschiebung des Plateaus mit der
Konzentration kann im Rahmen des Modells der Phonon-Rotonen
verstanden werden. Phonon-Rotonen sind lokalisierte niederenergetische
Anregungen, die bei Wellenzahlen Q_{pe}=K_{pe}
auftreten und bei einer charakteristischen Temperatur
T_{0} angeregt werden koennen. Sie tragen entgegen
den Debye-Phononen selbst
nicht zur Waermeleitfaehigkeit bei, sondern wirken als deren
Wechselwirkungspartner. K_{pe} bezeichnet die Lage eines elektronisch
induzierten Strukturpeaks, dessen Hoehe mit der Zusammensetzung
der Legierung skaliert. Die Hoehe des Strukturpeaks ist umgekehrt
proportional zur Anregungsenergie der Phonon-Roton-Zustaende.
Das bedeutet, dass ein Plateaubereich bei hohen Temperaturen
auftritt, wenn der Strukturfaktor bei K_{pe} klein ist und umgekehrt.
Damit ist es gelungen, im Gegensatz zum Modell
der Zwei-Niveau-Systeme die
Tieftemperaturanomalien in der Waermeleitfaehigkeit aehnlich wie
die Anomalien in der Thermokraft bei tiefen Temperaturen direkt
auf die Struktur der Proben zurueckzufuehren.
9
Jaffey, Deborah Mary. "The structure, electronic properties and reactivity of the Sm/Cu(111) system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254523.
Liu, Dan. "Thixoforming of high performance alloys mainly based on the Al-Cu system." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401159.
K, Misyavichios A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Oxidation reduction potential of the CU(III)/CU(II) system in alkaline solutions. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.
V, Raj Sai, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Residual stresses in thermal barrier coatings for a Cu-8Cr-4Nb substrate system. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2002.
Ghosn, Louis J. Residual stresses in thermal barrier coatings for a Cu-8Cr-4Nb substrate system. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2002.
Magumbe, Lionel. Phase equilibria in the Chalcocite/Metallics Cotectic region of the Ni-Cu-S system. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 1992.
Habtemichael, Yebio. Effects of arsenic on the solidification of ternary eutectic matte in the Ni-Cu-S system. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 1998.
J, Arbegast W., Hartley P. J, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Friction Stir Weld tooling development for application on the 2195 Al-Cu-Li space transportation system external tank. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.
Hodges, Richard G. L. The growth of fibres in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system using the laser heated pedestal growth (LPHG) process. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.
Zhao, Xingluo. Cu jin shou ru gong ping fen pei de cai zheng zhi du yan jiu: A study on the fiscal system of promoting fair income distribution. 8th ed. Beijing Shi: Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2009.
Michel, C., M. Hervieu, M. M. Borel, A. Grandin, F. Deslandes, J. Provost, and B. Raveau. "Superconductivity in the Bi — Sr — Cu — O System." In Ten Years of Superconductivity: 1980–1990, 300–302. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1622-0_41.
Zhang, Wei, and Kozo Osamura. "Phase Diagram of Y-Ba-Cu-O System." In Advances in Superconductivity III, 437–40. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68141-0_97.
Matsuda, Shimpei, Seiji Takeuchi, Atuko Soeta, Takaaki Suzuki, Katsuzo Aihara, and TomoichiKamo. "Superconductivity of Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System in Relation to Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Systems." In Advances in Superconductivity, 803–5. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68084-0_135.
Suzuki, Ryosuke O., Katsutoshi Ono, and Ludwig J. Gauckler. "Phase Equilibria in the Sr-Ca-Cu-O system." In Advances in Superconductivity VII, 357–60. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68535-7_78.
Knoll, P., and W. Kiefer. "Raman Investigations on the Y-Ba-Cu-O-System." In High-T c Superconductors, 121–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0846-9_15.
Pint, W., M. Prohammer, and E. Schachinger. "Anisotropy Effects in the System La-Sr-Cu-O." In High-T c Superconductors, 163–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0846-9_20.
Kuroda, Masanori, and Michio Araki. "Superconductivity of the Tl-Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu System." In Advances in Superconductivity II, 181–83. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68117-5_38.
Jiang, Han, Stuart Robertson, Zhaoxia Zhou, and Changqing Liu. "Cu-Cu Bonding with Cu Nanowire Arrays for Electronics Integration." In 2020 IEEE 8th Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc48849.2020.9229670.
Ishida, K., Y. Kitaoka, H. Masuda, K. Asayama, T. Takahashi, K. Kanoda, A. Kobayashi, R. Kato, and H. Kobayashi. "Cu NMQ study of organic conductor DCNQI-Cu system." In International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsm.1994.835539.
Zijian Wu, Qian Wang, Lin Tan, Ziyu Liu, Sun-Kyoung Seo, Tae-Je Cho, and Jian Cai. "Low temperature Cu-Cu bonding using Ag nanoparticles by PVD." In 2016 6th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2016.7764715.
Huang, Na, Anmin Hu, and Ming Li. "Growth of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds during isothermal aging processing in electroplated Cu/Sn/Cu system." In 2013 14th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2013.6756581.
Hu, Y. H., C. S. Liu, M. J. Lii, A. La Manna, K. J. Rebibis, M. Zhao, E. Beyne, and C. H. Yu. "3D stacking using Cu-Cu direct bonding for 40um pitch and beyond." In 2012 4th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2012.6542096.
Lim, Dau Fatt, Shiv Govind Singh, Xiao Fang Ang, Jun Wei, Chee Mang Ng, and Chuan Seng Tan. "Achieving low temperature Cu to Cu diffusion bonding with self assembly monolayer (SAM) passivation." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on 3D System Integration (3DIC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dic.2009.5306545.
Mueller, M., J. Kriz, D. Meinhold, and T. Zerna. "Influence of liner-system and Cu-layer thickness on the grain structure of electroplated Cu." In 2012 4th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2012.6542072.
Feng, Jiayun, Baolei Liu, Yanhong Tian, and Baoyou Zhang. "Influence of electric current on the grain orientation of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds in Cu/molten Sn/Cu interconnection system." In 2016 17th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2016.7583151.
Bickel, Steffen, Iuliana Panchenko, and M. Jurgen Wolf. "Metallurgical aspects and joint properties of Cu-Ni-In-Cu fine-pitch interconnects for 3D integration." In 2022 IEEE 9th Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc55720.2022.9939411.
Morgan, Grant A. System Size and Energy Dependence on Strangeness Production in 22 GeV Cu+Cu Collisions at RHIC. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada554670.
Salem-Sugui, S. Jr, Donglu Shi, and S. E. McFarland. Enhanced irreversibility by crystal defects in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10144499.
Minseo, Park. The relationship of structure to superconductivity in the Pr-Ba-Cu-O system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10161809.
Margulies, Lawrence. High temperature phase equilibria studies in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O-Ag system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/754841.
Vural, Murat, and Sammy Tin. Fundamental Investigation of the Microstructural Parameters to Improve Dynamic Response in Al-Cu Model System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada616578.
Bleeker, W., and D. E. Ames. System scale and deposit scale controls on Ni-Cu-PGE mineralisation in cratonic areas and their margins. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299588.
Tang, Fei. The Microstructure-Processing-Property Relationships in an Al Matrix Composite System Reinforced by Al-Cu-Fe Alloy Particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835313.
Dulfer, H., R. G. Skirrow, D. C. Champion, L. M. Highet, K. Czarnota, R. Coghlan, and P. R. Milligan. Potential for intrusion-hosted Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposits in Australia: A continental-scale analysis of mineral system prospectivity. Geoscience Australia, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2016.001.
Corriveau, L., J. F. Montreuil, O. Blein, E. Potter, M. Ansari, J. Craven, R. Enkin, et al. Metasomatic iron and alkali calcic (MIAC) system frameworks: a TGI-6 task force to help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329093.
Australia's and China's resources (e.g. Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag and Bayan Obo REE deposits) highlight how discovery and mining of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide±apatite (IOA) and affiliated primary critical metal deposits in metasomatic iron and alkali-calcic (MIAC) mineral systems can secure a long-term supply of critical metals for Canada and its partners. In Canada, MIAC systems comprise a wide range of undeveloped primary critical metal deposits (e.g. NWT NICO Au-Co-Bi-Cu and Québec HREE-rich Josette deposits). Underexplored settings are parts of metallogenic belts that extend into Australia and the USA. Some settings, such as the Camsell River district explored by the Dene First Nations in the NWT, have infrastructures and 100s of km of historic drill cores. Yet vocabularies for mapping MIAC systems are scanty. Ability to identify metasomatic vectors to ore is fledging. Deposit models based on host rock types, structural controls or metal associations underpin the identification of MIAC-affinities, assessment of systems' full mineral potential and development of robust mineral exploration strategies. This workshop presentation reviews public geoscience research and tools developed by the Targeted Geoscience Initiative to establish the MIAC frameworks of prospective Canadian settings and global mining districts and help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. The knowledge also supports fundamental research, environmental baseline assessment and societal decisions. It fulfills objectives of the Canadian Mineral and Metal Plan and the Critical Mineral Mapping Initiative among others. The GSC-led MIAC research team comprises members of the academic, private and public sectors from Canada, Australia, Europe, USA, China and Dene First Nations. The team's novel alteration mapping protocols, geological, mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical framework tools, and holistic mineral systems and petrophysics models mitigate and solve some of the exploration and geosciences challenges posed by the intricacies of MIAC systems. The group pioneers the use of discriminant alteration diagrams and barcodes, the assembly of a vocab for mapping and core logging, and the provision of field short courses, atlas, photo collections and system-scale field, geochemical, rock physical properties and geophysical datasets are in progress to synthesize shared signatures of Canadian settings and global MIAC mining districts. Research on a metamorphosed MIAC system and metamorphic phase equilibria modelling of alteration facies will provide a foundation for framework mapping and exploration of high-grade metamorphic terranes where surface and near surface resources are still to be discovered and mined as are those of non-metamorphosed MIAC systems.
10
Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.
The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.
