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McCreanor, Tim, Frances Hancock, and Nicola Short. "The Mounting Crisis at Ihumaatao." Counterfutures 6 (December 1, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v6i0.6386.
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A recent Environment Court decision adds to more than 150 years of Court, Crown, and Council decision-making that alienates mana whenua from land they occupied for centuries and now puts Ihumaatao, a rare cultural heritage landscape near Auckland International Airport, at risk of permanent destruction. This latest Court decision gives transnational corporation Fletcher Building Limited, the current ‘landowners’, the green light to progress its inappropriately sited, low-density, high-cost housing development at Ihumaatao. Fletcher plans to build 480 dwellings on 32 hectares, using the fast-track, developer-friendly provisions of the Housing Accords and Special Housing Areas Act 2013 (HASHA Act) to sideline mana whenua and community interests, as well as diminishing protections for our cultural and natural heritage.
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Hale, Michael J., Richard S. Hoskins, and Michael G. Baker. "Screening for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Auckland International Airport, New Zealand." Emerging Infectious Diseases 18, no. 5 (May 2012): 866–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111080.
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Rajan, Thillai, and Josephine Gemson. "Financial closure of Bengaluru International Airport Limited." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111187353.
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Subject area Infrastructure finance. Study level/applicability II MBA/Executive MBA (Project Finance, Infrastructure Finance). Case overview It is generally believed that the economy of India is on the threshold of achieving significant growth in the coming years. The availability of adequate infrastructure facility will play a key role in realizing this growth potential. To accelerate the process of creating infrastructure capacity, the Government of India has opened up many infrastructure sectors for private sector investment. Creation of international standard airport facilities is an important component of such new infrastructure creation. This case study presents the initial development and financing closure of Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), the first major private sector airport in India. In retrospect, it is generally felt that BIAL was an important milestone in the privatization of airports in India. The blueprint for the greenfield PPP airport in Hyderabad was closely modelled on the BIAL project. The experience gained in the development of BIAL also played a major role in subsequent brownfield PPP airport expansion projects in Mumbai and Delhi. Expected learning outcomes The goal of this case study is to illustrate the complexities that exist in the process of infrastructure development and financing. This following are the expected learning outcomes: The importance of using an appropriate project structure. The prevalence of early returns to project sponsors as compared to lenders. The process of achieving financial closure. Analyzing project risks and returns. Supplementary materials Teaching notes.
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Dr. S. K. Khatik, Dr S. K. Khatik, and Amit Kr Nag Amit Kr Nag. "Financial Analysis Of Delhi International Airport (p) Limited." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2011/6.
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GEORGE, IGY. "Modified Importance - Performance Analysis of Airport Facilities- A Case Study of Cochin International Airport Limited." IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science 17, no. 4 (2013): 09–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1740915.
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Price, Steven. "Terrorism by media: Coverage of the Ahmed Zaoui affair." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i1.790.
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Last year [2003], in a supremely hypocritical editorial, The New Zealand Herald laid into the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS) for its ‘farcical level of research’ on Ahmed Zaoui.1 Zaoui is an Algerian national who turned up at Auckland International Airport in early December 2002, and asked for political asylum. He was immediately imprisoned. Relying on classified NZSIS information, the Minister of Immigration has declared Zaoui a threat to national security and issued a Security Risk Certificate against him, allowing his continued detention. The Herald pointed to the just-released decision of the Refugee Status Appeals Authority 2, which had found no credible evidence that Zaoui was a terrorist.
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Keith, Ken J. "Promoting Safety Through Law, National and International, and by Other Means." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 49, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v49i2.5322.
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The Woodhouse family, friends of Sir Owen Woodhouse and the law faculties of the Victoria University of Wellington and the University of Auckland decided on the occasion of what would have been Sir Owen Woodhouse's 100th birthday that a fellowship and lectureship should be established in recognition of the great contributions he has made to law and policy in New Zealand and beyond. The fellows and lecturers are not to see themselves as limited to the law and are encouraged to address broader matters challenging people here and abroad. Sir Kenneth Keith gave the inaugural Sir Owen Woodhouse Memorial Lecture in Wellington on 29 August 2017 and in Auckland on 30 August 2017. The address considers in turn the dangers and perils at work, at sea and on the battlefield. It reflects on New Zealand's accident compensation scheme and suggests possible extensions to the scheme.
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Yoshimoto, Decio, Cláudio Jorge Pinto Alves, and Mauro Caetano. "Airports economic efficient frontier." Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv11n1p26-36.
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<p>Studies about airport operational efficiency models generally disregard the correlation between operational efficiencies and economic drivers. The goal of this study is, firstly, to isolate and detail the key economic drivers and then find their efficient frontier. The methodology employed was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a non-parametric and linear programming model. It provides relative measures of efficiency using multiple inputs and outputs for a given Decision-Making Unit (DMU) without requiring a prior production function. The number of variables in this study was limited in function of the DMUs analyzed, which consisted of the following Brazilian airports: Congonhas Airport (CGH), Guarulhos International Airport (GRU) and Viracopos International Airport (VCP). Two of the airports, GRU and VCP, were found to be efficient considering this study’s combination of very limited variables, meaning that theses airports, from this isolated standpoint, are maximizing their commercial, passenger parking and marketing revenues, given their terminal area and the number of yearly passengers.</p>
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Damodaran, Akhil, Tarun Dhingra, and Prasoom Dwivedi. "Regulatory dilemma: a changing dynamics of the Cochin international airport." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-01-2020-0010.
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Learning outcomes The case study helps students to understand how public-private partnership (PPP) airports runs their business, how regulatory policies impact their business. The case also explains why the Cochin International Airport business model is so unique compared to any airport in India. Case overview/synopsis In 2016, Airport Economic Regulatory Authority released a new tariff regime for Cochin International Airport Limited (CIAL).CIAL has undergone challenges because of the tariff changes (changes every five years), which were implemented in 2017. This has impacted their business model. The CFO of CIAL was under pressure to share the impacts with the shareholders and to provide a way forward for the business. Cochin International was known to be one of the cheapest aeronautical tariff charging airports. The case discusses the issues of a public utility when it is under a regulatory price regime. The case explains different regulatory mechanisms (single till: the whole commercial revenue is cross-subsidized). The case discusses issues regarding Cochin International Airport, which is a public utility under PPP mode. Since 2016, regulator has changed the price regulatory regime from light touch (no price regulation only monitoring) to hybrid till regulation (a percentage of commercial revenue is cross-subsidized). The case explains what made Cochin International Airport so unique. It explores the challenges because of the regulatory regime, how it affects Cochin airport’s strategy for business. How should the management of CIAL to act on the above issue? What will be the impact? Will they need to change their business models? Complexity academic level The case is basically focused on MBA level students who are in their final year. There are various MBA courses in which this can be taught, which can be infrastructure management, infrastructure regulation, domain courses such as airport management. The student should have basic knowledge of economics, public utility and business strategy. The case helps them understand the impact of regulation, the role of the regulator and its impact on business strategy. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS: 10 Public Sector Management.
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Chaudhuri, Sumana, and Ranjan Chaudhuri. "A COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF DELHI AIRPORT PPP PROJECT." Journal of Air Transport Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v8i1.38.
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One of the central tenets of the cost benefit analysis (CBA) literature is the divergence between a project’s financial returns and social evaluation of what is desirable from the larger economic priorities and social goals of development. This article focuses on building a base of CBA for Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL) as a case for Brownfield PPP Airport Project in India. The process of evaluation of the relative merits of the project in terms of the accrued benefits and costs, serves as a template for future frame of reference in similar PPP airport projects.
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Prasad, T. "Communication Effectiveness: A Case of Narayana Murthy's Resignation from Chairmanship of Bangalore International Airport Limited." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 10, no. 2 (April 2006): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290601000207.
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Bi, Jun, Zhen Wu, Lei Wang, Dongfan Xie, and Xiaomei Zhao. "A Tabu Search-Based Algorithm for Airport Gate Assignment: A Case Study in Kunming, China." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (November 26, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835201.
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An airport gate is the core resource of an airport operation, which is an important place for passengers to get on and off the aircraft and for maintaining aircraft. It is the prerequisite for other related dispatch. Effective and reasonable allocation of gates can reduce airport operating costs and increase passenger satisfaction. Therefore, an airport gate assignment problem (AGAP) needs to be urgently solved in the actual operation of the airport. In this paper, considering the actual operation of the airport, we formulate an integer programming model for AGAP by considering multiple constraints. The model aims to maximize the number of passengers on flights parked at the gate. A tabu search-based algorithm is designed to solve the problem. In the process of algorithm design, an effective initial solution is obtained. A unique neighborhood structure and search strategy for tabu search are designed. The algorithm can adapt to the dynamic scheduling of airports. Finally, tests are performed using actual airport data selected from Kunming Changshui International Airport in China. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can enhance the local search ability and global search ability and get satisfactory results in a limited time. These results provide an effective support for the actual gate assignment in airport operations.
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Pasi, Achhelal R., Pragati B. Gaikwad, Khyati Aroskar, Tarun Kumar, Raphael Teddy, Manas Kundu, Rama Naag, et al. "Early detection of suspected cases of COVID-19: role of thermal screening at international airports in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 4817. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204977.
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Background: On January 30, 2020 WHO declared the COVID-19 as a PHEIC. In response to the increasing number of COVID-19 cases, Government of India started thermal screening of passengers at all PoEs. Present study was conducted to understand the screening activity done at international airports in India, to measure the prevalence of fever in passengers screened and to study the role of thermal screening in early detection of suspected COVID-19 cases.Methods: Descriptive study design was used in current study and secondary analysis of data collected from CSMI airport Mumbai, IGI airport New Delhi, Cochin international airport Kochi and NSCBI airport Kolkata was done by using universal sample size and purposive sampling technique. Results were presented in the form of rates and ratios appropriately. Chi square test was used to examine the usefulness of the screening activity and p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: At selected international airports, in January, February and March 2020, 5.49%, 19.57% and 79.54% of all arrived passengers were screened. Under Vande Bharat mission 100% of the international passengers arrived were screened and fever detection rate was 95 per million passengers screened. Outcome of the thermal screening at representative airports of North, South, East and West regions of India was significantly different.Conclusions: Thermal screening of passengers at international airports has limited role in early detection of suspected cases of infectious diseases like COVID-19 and has minimum impact on the course of pandemic.
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Bergantino, Angela S., Mauro Capurso, Thijs Dekker, and Stephane Hess. "Allowing for Heterogeneity in the Consideration of Airport Access Modes: The Case of Bari Airport." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 8 (February 7, 2019): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118825126.
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Mode choice models traditionally assume that all objectively available alternatives are considered. This might not always be a reasonable assumption, even when the number of alternatives is limited. Consideration of alternatives, like many other aspects of the decision-making process, cannot be observed by the analyst, and can only be imperfectly measured. As part of a stated choice survey aimed at unveiling air passengers’ preferences for access modes to Bari International Airport in Italy, we collected a wide set of indicators that either directly or indirectly measure respondents’ consideration of the public transport alternatives. In our access mode choice model, consideration of public transport services was treated as a latent variable, and entered the utility function for this mode through a “discounting” factor. The proposed integrated choice and latent variable approach allows the analyst not only to overcome potential endogeneity and measurement error issues associated with the indicators, but also makes the model suitable for forecasting. As a result of accounting for consideration effects, we observed an improvement in fit that also held in a validation sample; moreover, the effects of policy changes aimed at improving the modal share of public transport were considerably reduced.
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Di Mascio, Paola, Riccardo Carrara, Luca Frasacco, Eleonora Luciano, Andrea Ponziani, and Laura Moretti. "How the Tower Air Traffic Controller Workload Influences the Capacity in a Complex Three-Runway Airport." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 2807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062807.
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Air traffic controllers aim to optimize airport capacity, that is to increase the number of aircraft movements per hour maintaining a limited delay. There are several definitions of capacity, which depend on the considered airport element. This study focused on the development of a method that allows evaluating the impact of tower air traffic controllers’ workload on airport capacity. It adapts a model for the workload of sector controllers designed by Eurocontrol to tower controllers and tests it on a heavily busy international airport. In order to collect controllers’ working times, a campaign of data collection has been carried out from the radio frequency occupation. The results allowed us to extrapolate the hourly percentage of work of the various tower controllers using a fast-time simulation software. By imposing an hourly working threshold on tower air traffic controllers, it was possible to obtain a maximum number of manageable aircraft, which was compared with the airside capacity of the airport. The results show that the maximum traffic manageable from the airside would produce unacceptable workload for tower controllers, highlighting the link between airport capacity and the human component.
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Barrett, Douglas E. "Acoustical Acceptance Testing of Portland (Oregon) International Airport Ground Run-Up Enclosure." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1859, no. 1 (January 2003): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1859-05.
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The Port of Portland constructed an aircraft ground run-up enclosure (GRE) at Portland International Airport (PDX) to allow unrestricted daytime and nighttime aircraft maintenance run-ups while complying with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) standards for community noise levels. To ensure compliance with the DEQ standards, a rigorous acoustical acceptance testing specification was developed and implemented. The PDX specification included measurements of three representative aircraft run-ups conducted at the GRE site (i.e., with GRE) and at a nearby equivalent site (i.e., without GRE). At each test site, measurements were required at six microphone locations at a reference distance of 400 ft (120 m) from the test aircraft, where variability in measured sound levels due to meteorological conditions would be limited. Although not part of the official acceptance test, simultaneous measurements were conducted in representative community locations as the start of ongoing community monitoring to be conducted by the Port of Portland. In April 2001, the GRE met the acoustical acceptance testing specifications and demonstrated compliance with the DEQ community requirements. The multiple-microphone arrays displayed the significant effect of noise shielding provided by aircraft fuselages and suggested that modifications may be appropriate for future applications of the test procedure.
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Zahed, Seyed Ehsan, Sirwan Shahooei, Ferika Farooghi, Mohsen Shahandashti, and Siamak Ardekani. "Life-cycle cost analysis of a short-haul underground freight transportation system for the DFW Airport." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 9, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 440–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-10-2018-0125.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct life-cycle cost analysis of a short-haul underground freight transportation (UFT) system for the Dallas Fort Worth international airport. Design/methodology/approach The research approach includes: identifying the cost components of the proposed airport UFT system; estimating life-cycle cost (LCC) of system components using various methods; determining life-cycle cash flows; evaluating the reliability of the results using sensitivity analysis; and assessing the validity of the results using analogues cases. Findings Although the capital cost of constructing an airport UFT system seems to be the largest cost of such innovative projects, annual costs for running the system are more significant, taking a life-cycle perspective. System administrative cost, tunnel operation and maintenance, and tunnel construction cost are the principle cost components of the UFT system representing approximately 46, 24 and 19 percent of the total LCC, respectively. The shipping cost is estimated to be $4.14 per ton-mile. Although this cost is more than the cost of transporting cargos by trucks, the implementation of UFT systems could be financially justified considering their numerous benefits. Originality/value This paper, for the first time, helps capital planners understand the LCC of an airport UFT system with no or limited past experience, and to consider such innovative solutions to address airport congestion issues.
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Wang, Lili, Shengnan Lu, and Fang Wei. "Feasibility Study on Independent Instrument Approach Operations between Runways 36L/18R and 01/19 at Beijing Capital International Airport." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (September 11, 2020): 741–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120948856.
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Beijing Capital International Airport is one of the busiest hub airports in the world, but its capacity is limited. Reducing the minimum radar interval during instrument approaches would be feasible to increase capacity. The airport has three parallel runways; the distance between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 is 3.485 km. Currently, because there is no final monitoring seat, the dependent parallel instrument approach mode is adopted on the two runways; approaching aircraft must maintain a 4 km safety separation. This paper focuses on whether the 4 km radar safety separation for parallel instrument approaches could be reduced to 3.485 km without the final monitoring. This would mean implementing independent instrument approach operations between the two runways. To consider this, a new collision risk model based on position error probability and aircraft kinematics is proposed. A test program to acquire data on controllers’ reaction times in abnormal situations was designed and implemented over 10 days by the North China Air Traffic Management Bureau (ATMB). Furthermore, six months of radar trajectory data was collected at the airport. This was analyzed and processed to obtain the position error, speed, and other parameters required for the calculation of the collision risk model. The results show that the independent instrument approach operations between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 would be feasible the within safety target level set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICO). Based on the theoretical research results, the North China ATCB implemented independent instrument approaches between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 on December 25, 2018; it has operated safely since.
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Huang, Laura X., George A. Isaac, and Grant Sheng. "Integrating NWP Forecasts and Observation Data to Improve Nowcasting Accuracy." Weather and Forecasting 27, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 938–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00125.1.
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Abstract This study addresses the issue of improving nowcasting accuracy by integrating several numerical weather prediction (NWP) model forecasts with observation data. To derive the best algorithms for generating integrated forecasts, different integration methods were applied starting with integrating the NWP models using equal weighting. Various refinements are then successively applied including dynamic weighting, variational bias correction, adjusted dynamic weighting, and constraints using current observation data. Three NWP models—the Canadian Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) regional model, the GEM Limited Area Model (LAM), and the American Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model—are used to generate the integrated forecasts. Verification is performed at two Canadian airport locations [Toronto International Airport (CYYZ), in Ontario, and Vancouver International Airport (CYVR), in British Columbia] over the winter and summer seasons. The results from the verification for four weather variables (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and gust) clearly show that the integrated models with new refinements almost always perform better than each of the NWP models individually and collectively. When the integrated model with innovative dynamic weighting and variational bias correction is further updated with the most current observation data, its performance is the best among all models, for all the selected variables regardless of location and season. The results of this study justify the use of integrated NWP forecasts for nowcasting provided they are properly integrated using appropriate and specifically designed rules and algorithms.
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Lehrke, Rebecca M., Lizzie McGregor, John Dyer, Margaret C. Stanley, and Todd E. Dennis. "An inexpensive satellite-download GPS receiver for wildlife: field trial on black swans." Wildlife Research 44, no. 7 (2017): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17064.
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Context Knowledge of the movements and space-use patterns of wildlife is crucial for implementation of effective conservation and management actions. Such information can be difficult to obtain, especially from hard-to-capture or far-ranging taxa. Global-positioning-system (GPS) receivers that have remote data-acquisition capability via satellite-communication networks offer an effective means of tracking highly mobile animals; however, often the equipment and operational costs of these devices are prohibitive. Aim To evaluate the operational performance and potential of an inexpensive, commercially available satellite-download GPS receiver that can be easily modified for use on wildlife, and to demonstrate its utility for revealing novel information on individual animal movements in an important wildlife management context. Methods We added external batteries and supplementary waterproofing to ‘off-the-shelf’ SPOT Trace® GPS receivers (~$120 USD; Spot LLC, Covington, LA) that transmit recorded location data to users through the Globalstar satellite network. We then deployed these devices on eight wild black swans (Cygnus atratus) inhabiting a large inland marine harbor adjacent to Auckland International Airport and assessed the GPS units’ operational performance and overall cost effectiveness. Key results During field trials with the tracking devices lasting up to 25 days we were able to collect thousands of precision location observations from the swans without the need for recapture. Cost-per-fix was only ~$0.04 USD – up to an order of magnitude lower than some satellite-download GPS receivers manufactured specifically for wildlife. We provide novel information about the swans’ patterns of activity, movement, space-use, habitat preferences and responses to actions taken by airport staff to scare problem individuals from threat zones. Conclusions User-modified satellite-download GPS devices can be a highly cost-effective means of tracking the movements of animals. Implications Knowledge of where and when swans present the greatest likely threat to air traffic and how they respond to displacement from restricted areas near the airport will be useful in devising threat-management plans. The ready availability of affordable remote-download GPS receivers will provide many new opportunities to study the movement and/or space-use patterns of wildlife and incorporate such information into a broad range of research and management programs.
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Bay, J. A., K. H. Stokoe, M. T. McNerney, and B. F. McCullough. "Continuous Profiling of Runway and Taxiway Pavements with Rolling Dynamic Deflectometer at Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1639, no. 1 (January 1998): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1639-11.
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The rolling dynamic deflectometer (RDD) is powerful tool for use in managing airport pavements. With the RDD, continuous deflection profiles of runways and taxiways can be efficiently and effectively measured. These continuous profiles, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, provide valuable information about the condition of the pavement system. The profiles are especially valuable because the entire pavement is tested and characterized rather than approximating the system with a limited number of discrete measurements to represent the entire pavement. The capabilities of the RDD were demonstrated by testing pavements at Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport. One existing runway, one existing taxiway, and a newly constructed (but not yet opened) runway were tested. The conditions of the different intact pavement sections and the various pavement joints are readily shown in the measured deflection profiles. In most cases, heavily trafficked pavement sections showed higher deflections than comparable sections with lower traffic, with the lowest deflections measured on the newly constructed runway. However, one recently constructed runway extension showed unusually high deflections, especially at the joints. The taxiway that was tested generally exhibited lower deflections than the operating runway. In the cases of the in-service pavements, transverse profiles clearly showed the softening of the highly trafficked central portion of the pavement.
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Pita, James, Manish Jain, Fernando Ordóñez, Christopher Portway, Milind Tambe, Craig Western, Praveen Paruchuri, and Sarit Kraus. "Using Game Theory for Los Angeles Airport Security." AI Magazine 30, no. 1 (January 18, 2009): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v30i1.2173.
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Security at major locations of economic or political importance is a key concern around the world, particularly given the threat of terrorism. Limited security resources prevent full security coverage at all times, which allows adversaries to observe and exploit patterns in selective patrolling or monitoring, e.g. they can plan an attack avoiding existing patrols. Hence, randomized patrolling or monitoring is important, but randomization must provide distinct weights to different actions based on their complex costs and benefits. To this end, this paper describes a promising transition of the latest in multi-agent algorithms into a deployed application. In particular, it describes a software assistant agent called ARMOR (Assistant for Randomized Monitoring over Routes) that casts this patrolling/monitoring problem as a Bayesian Stackelberg game, allowing the agent to appropriately weigh the different actions in randomization, as well as uncertainty over adversary types. ARMOR combines two key features: (i) It uses the fastest known solver for Bayesian Stackelberg games called DOBSS, where the dominant mixed strategies enable randomization; (ii) Its mixed-initiative based interface allows users to occasionally adjust or override the automated schedule based on their local constraints. ARMOR has been successfully deployed since August 2007 at the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) to randomize checkpoints on the roadways entering the airport and canine patrol routes within the airport terminals. This paper examines the information, design choices, challenges, and evaluation that went into designing ARMOR.
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Ren, Jianlin, Junjie Liu, Xiaodong Cao, Fei Li, and Jianmin Li. "Ultrafine particles in the cabin of a waiting commercial airliner at Tianjin International Airport, China." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 9 (June 9, 2017): 1247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17713257.
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Passengers and crew on board of commercial airliners often spend extra time in the cabin waiting for departure due to flight delays. During the waiting period, a large amount of ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs) may penetrate into the aircraft cabin through the environmental control system (ECS) and ground air-conditioning cart (GAC). However, limited data are available for human exposure, in waiting commercial airliners, to freshly emitted UFPs from the exhaust of ground vehicles and airliners. To address this issue, we measured the ambient and in-cabin particle number concentrations and particle size distributions (PSDs) simultaneously in an MD-82 airliner parked at Tianjin International Airport, China. When air was supplied to the cabin by GAC, particle counts variation outdoors caused in-cabin variation with a 1–2 min delay. The in-cabin and ambient PSDs ranged from 15 to 600 nm were bimodal, with peaks at 30–40 and 70–90 nm. The GAC and ECS removed 1–73% particles in the size range of 15–100 nm and 30–47% in the size range of 100–600 nm. The relationship between the penetration factor and particle size was an inverted U-curve. An improved particle dynamic model from this study was used to calculate the time-dependent in-cabin UFPs concentrations with dramatic changes in outdoor concentration.
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Ungeheuer, Florian, Dominik van Pinxteren, and Alexander L. Vogel. "Identification and source attribution of organic compounds in ultrafine particles near Frankfurt International Airport." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 5 (March 12, 2021): 3763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3763-2021.
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Abstract. Analysing the composition of ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs) is a challenging task due to the low mass and chemical complexity of small particles, yet it is a prerequisite for the identification of particle sources and the assessment of potential health risks. Here, we show the molecular characterization of UFPs, based on cascade impactor (Nano-MOUDI) samples that were collected at an air quality monitoring station near one of Europe's largest airports, in Frankfurt, Germany. At this station, particle-size-distribution measurements show an enhanced number concentration of particles smaller than 50 nm during airport operating hours. We sampled the lower UFP fraction (0.010–0.018, 0.018–0.032, 0.032–0.056 µm) when the air masses arrived from the airport. We developed an optimized filter extraction procedure using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) for compound separation and a heated electrospray ionization (HESI) source with an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) as a detector for organic compounds. A non-target screening detected ∼200 organic compounds in the UFP fraction with sample-to-blank ratios larger than 5. We identified the largest signals as homologous series of pentaerythritol esters (PEEs) and trimethylolpropane esters (TMPEs), which are base stocks of aircraft lubrication oils. We unambiguously attribute the majority of detected compounds to jet engine lubrication oils by matching retention times, high-resolution and accurate mass measurements, and comparing tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) fragmentation patterns between both ambient samples and commercially available jet oils. For each UFP stage, we created molecular fingerprints to visualize the complex chemical composition of the organic fraction and their average carbon oxidation state. These graphs underline the presence of the homologous series of PEEs and TMPEs and the appearance of jet oil additives (e.g. tricresyl phosphate, TCP). Targeted screening of TCP confirmed the absence of the harmful tri-ortho isomer, while we identified a thermal transformation product of TMPE-based lubrication oil (trimethylolpropane phosphate, TMP-P). Even though a quantitative determination of the identified compounds is limited, the presented method enables the qualitative detection of molecular markers for jet engine lubricants in UFPs and thus strongly improves the source apportionment of UFPs near airports.
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Panadès-Estruch, Laura. "Public-Private Partnerships in transport: a critical assessment of the Caribbean." Public Administration and Policy 24, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pap-02-2021-0004.
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PurposeThis article critically analyses the extent to which selected Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) transportation projects in the Caribbean subregion embrace good practices and how they benefit the public sector.Design/methodology/approachThe article begins with the general rationale of PPPs, leading to a discussion on the specific challenges of the Caribbean subregion and an assessment of certain critical projects. The sample cases include the L F Wade International Airport in Bermuda, the cruise berthing and cargo port redevelopment project in the Cayman Islands, and the Sanger International Airport in Jamaica. There are five aspects to the critical assessment: (a) an evaluation of the type of PPP arrangement used; (b) the legal/policy framework; (c) financial implications; (d) accountability; and (e) miscellaneous data. Desk-based research is conducted as supported by both international and local sources to convey a uniquely local perspective in this under-researched area of scholarship.FindingsPPP frameworks in the Caribbean are improving quickly but remain a work in progress. Jamaica leads the region. Bermuda trails behind. Problems of legal compliance with frameworks and limited market engagement persist, leading to risk management problems.Originality/valueThis article fills a literature gap on critical analysis of individual Caribbean PPP transportation projects. Previous reports, mostly by international organisations, cover regional or sectorial trends. Other sources take a descriptive but not critical approach.
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Yassin, Azlina Md, Mohd Lizam Mohd Diah, Edie Ezwan Mohd Safian, Mohd Yamani Yahya, Sulzakimin Mohammad, and Lim Shin Cheng. "Determining the Impact of Aircraft Noise towards Residential Property Price." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926602005.
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The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of aircraft noise on residential property price within the case study area, and the main focus of this research was the distance of selected residential housed from Kuching International Airport (KIA). Aircraft noise is a source of noise pollution and act as environment factor that affect the house prices. Environmental disamenities from water and noise pollution will caused the houses to sell at lower price, accounted 20.8% less than houses located in area without noise interference. Apparently, the noise produced by the aircraft has even larger negative impact on house prices as compared to road traffic noise and railway noise. This study adopted quantitative approach in answering the objective of the paper. The findings were based on the secondary data which including 210 property transaction data within year 2015. The range of areas for this study was limited to selected residential terrace houses that located within 10.0 km from Kuching International Airport (KIA). The findings from Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) shows that the property prices located nearer to the airport (<2.5 km from KIA) in selected case study areas have been sold with lower price. Moreover, the prices of the properties located distance from KIA were not negatively impacted by the aircraft noise due to the other pulling factor that has larger impact to the property. Indeed, the location of the property, public amenities, transportation system, neighborhood factor and facilities also has close relationship to the property price.
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Kaewwongwattana, Peerakan, Thepparat Phimolsathien, and Paitoon Pimdee. "Determinants Of Consumer Decision Making Of A Common Ticketing System In Bangkok’s Metropolitan Commuter Transportation Systems." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 6 (October 28, 2015): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i6.9465.
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The word "commuter" is an American invention. In the 1840s people living in the suburbs could pay a reduced or "commuted" fare to use the trains to get into the cities. The world's worst commute is in Bangkok, Thailand, where people spend about 2 hours a day travelling to and from work. At peak times the average speed of traffic in Bangkok is 7 mph with the total number of vehicles with Bangkok license plates hitting 8.55 million, double the 4.28 registered in 2004. There is hope however as Bangkok during this period has delivered several commuter rail systems. The 15 year old ‘Skytrain’ system has just passed its 2 billionth rider while the 10 year old subway sees 240,000 riders a day. Bangkok’s newest airport ‘rail-link’ system to the suburban international airport while designed for air travelers, has become an access point for suburban commuters. With these three systems however there is no common ticketing system that allows transfer between systems, thus the reason for this paper’s research. Simple Random Sampling was used to obtain questionaries’ from 300 Bangkok commuters in which it was determined that individual decision making has the greatest influence, both directly and indirectly, on the use of a common ticketing system. External variables has the second greatest influence, again both directly and indirectly with a commuter’s personal habits influencing the decision making process in only a limited but direct way.
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Battal, Sema, and Hakan Yilmaz. "İSTANBUL’DAKİ HAVALİMANLARININ SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMI: FACEBOOK VE INSTAGRAM ÖRNEĞİ." SUHAD Kapanış Sayısı 2, no. 2019.2 (December 1, 2019): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23890/suhad.2019.0201.
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Sosyal medya platformları hızlı güncellenebilmesi, hedef kitlelere kolay ulaşabilmesi ve maliyetlerinin düşük olması sebebiyle havalimanları tarafından etkin bir şekilde kullanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul’da bulunan havalimanı işletmelerinin sosyal medya yoluyla yolcular ve diğer hedef kitleleriyle nasıl iletişim kurduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, İstanbul’da hizmet veren üç uluslararası havalimanının Facebook ve Instagram sayfaları incelenmiştir. Havalimanı işletmelerinin resmi hesaplarındaki paylaşımlar pazarlama, bilgi verme, ürün satış, araştırma ve yönetim olmak üzere beş kategoride incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, pazarlama, bilgi verme, ürün satış, araştırma ve yönetim ana kategorilerinde her havalimanının farklı paylaşımlarda bulunduğu ve farklı kategorilere odaklandığını göstermektedir. Bu incelemenin sonucunda havalimanlarının dünyadaki örnekleri ile karşılaştırıldığında Facebook ve Instagram paylaşımlarının sınırlı kaldığı görülmüştür. Havalimanlarının Facebook ve Instagram paylaşımlarını daha verimli ve etkin kullanabilmelerine ve sürdürebilir havalimanı olmaya yönelik çalışmalarını ve paylaşımlarını arttırmalarına yönelik öneriler sunulmaktadır. Social media platforms are being used effectively by airports due to their rapid updating, easy access to target audiences and low costs. The aim of this study is to reveal how airport operators in Istanbul communicate with passengers and other target groups through social media. In this study, Facebook and Instagram pages of three international airports operating in Istanbul were examined. The shares in the official accounts of the airport operations were examined in five categories: marketing, information giving, product sales, research and management. Content analysis was used for data analysis. The data show that each airport has different shares and focuses on different categories in the main categories of marketing, information, product sales, research and management. As a result of this review, it is seen that Facebook and Instagram shares are limited compared to the examples of airports in the world. Suggestions are provided to enable airports to use Facebook and Instagram shares more efficiently and effectively. In addition, suggestions are made to increase their efforts and sharing to become a sustainable airport.
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Hirsh, Max. "Design Aesthetics of Transborder Infrastructure in the Pearl River Delta." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2014.73.1.137.
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Design Aesthetics of Transborder Infrastructure in the Pearl River Delta investigates the development of a “transborder” ferry network that allows passengers in Mainland China to fly through Hong Kong International Airport without going through customs and immigration controls. Located deep inside Guangdong Province, these facilities cater to travelers whose movement across international frontiers is limited by their income or citizenship. Focusing on two of these terminals, Max Hirsh argues that the prevailing emphasis on iconic structures in the architectural history of air travel has overshadowed the emergence of distinctly un-iconic aviation facilities designed to plug less-privileged people and places into broader networks of international air travel. Hirsh locates this infrastructural innovation in the historical context of the region and interrogates its spatial logic and aesthetic composition in an effort to model a new understanding of urban space: one that illuminates an architecture of incipient global mobility that has been inconspicuously inserted into ordinary places and unspectacular structures throughout the Pearl River Delta.
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Hajnal, István. "An Investigation of Property Value Impairment Caused by Noise, in the Case of the Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport, Using a Hedonic Model." Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 25, no. 1 (December 5, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppso.8850.
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The issue of the value impairing impact of airports on nearby properties has been studied in the technical literature for decades. There is quite a wide consensus on the fact that in North America and Western Europe, the increasing noise pollution caused by airports leads to reduced property values: in general, each 1 dB growth in noise level leads to a 1% drop in property value. The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between noise levels and property value impairment (if any), based on the limited amount of available data, with regard to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD). The examination described in this paper was conducted applying the commonly-used hedonic model, and, even though this study could not prove the correlation, it designates the direction in which necessary database-building and future research should be conducted.
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Hoare, Karen J., and Denise L. Wilson. "The place for children's centres for New Zealand children." Australian Health Review 31, no. 1 (2007): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070123.
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This paper examines the experience of poverty and child maltreatment among New Zealand?s children as compared with international statistics. New Zealand was a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1993, yet indicators suggest that implementation of the Articles of the Convention is limited. In the league of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries it ranks 23rd out of 26 for child poverty and 24th out of 27 for the child maltreatment death rate. A case will be made for coordination of existing and new services for children and families through a dedicated children?s centre, modelled on the United Kingdom?s Sure Start and Children?s Centre program that was modelled in part on the Head Start program of the United States. The paper reports on Wellsford, a rural community north of Auckland, which has embraced the children?s centre concept and is investigating ways to obtain funding to implement the idea.
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Wang, Jinfeng, and Edwin E. Herricks. "Risk Assessment of Bird–Aircraft Strikes at Commercial Airports." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2266, no. 1 (January 2012): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2266-09.
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Bird strikes are a continuing problem in aviation. Despite the number and severity of reported bird strikes, quantification of the effect of contributory factors has been limited because of the absence of data, especially data on bird activity around airfields. The purpose of this study is to provide initial insight into this important problem by combining a number of databases and information resources available at the Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in Washington, including airplane operations, bird strike reports, and the avian radar data on bird movements. Logistic regression and multinomial regression models were used to analyze, respectively, bird strike occurrence and severity. The results indicate that bird track density and airplane movement frequency significantly correlate with bird strike occurrence. High altitude and cloudy weather increase the probability of serious damage. Airplanes weighing less than 27,000 kg and those with turbofan engines and struck positions including tail and light move the propensity toward minor damage compared with no damage. Factors such as single-engine airplanes, medium and large birds, and strikes occurring at engines and wings increase the chance of both serious and minor damage. The findings of this study could provide support for potential changes in airport bird hazard management, airplane operations, and engineering designs of engines and airframes. The study highlights the importance of managing accurate bird strike reports and applying new statistical approaches as more data become available.
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HENDIJANI, Roozbeh BABOLIAN. "Tourists’ Motivations to Choose Indonesia as a Vacation Destination." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 4 (October 16, 2018): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.4(28).03.
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Purpose - It is pertinent for the government and tourism marketers of particular destinations to have a better understanding of tourists’ motivations to choose a destination. Since there is little academic knowledge in the tourism industry in Indonesia, this study explores the factors which motivate international tourists to select Indonesia as a vacation destination.
Design – Besides the theoretical implication of this research regarding tourism industry in Indonesia, this study also gives practical application into the matter of tourism industry in Indonesia.
Methodology - Self-administrated questionnaires consisting of three sections were distributed randomly to 400 international tourists at the Jakarta International Airport (Soekarno-Hatta) and some popular tourist areas around Jakarta. Data collection was conducted from June to September 2016. Related analyses such as a multivariate analysis and a descriptive analysis were used to answer the objectives of this research. Findings - The findings show the motivations underlying choosing Indonesia for a vacation spot and why these factors should be considered by the Indonesian government and tourism marketers in developing marketing strategies.
Originality - This article is one of the limited researches regarding tourism industry in Indonesia and definitely one of the few which discussing about the motivations of international tourists to that destination.
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Scheufele, Gabriela, and Jeff Bennett. "Valuing biodiversity protection: Payment for Environmental Services schemes in Lao PDR." Environment and Development Economics 24, no. 04 (May 31, 2019): 376–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x19000111.
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AbstractThe design of a Payment for Environmental Services (PES) scheme that involves setting a ‘pseudo market price’ per unit of environmental service requires the estimation of demand and supply. This paper presents the results of discrete choice experiments aimed at estimating the demand for environmental and social services generated by a wildlife protection PES scheme in two protected areas in Lao PDR. The discrete choice experiments targeted international tourists sampled at Vientiane airport and the urban Lao population sampled in Vientiane City as potential buyers of the environmental and social services provided by the PES scheme. The survey was customised to a developing country context to address diversity in respondents' literacy levels, language limitations of the interviewers, socio-cultural conventions, and limited trust in confidentiality and anonymity of the survey process. The marginal benefits of the environmental services so estimated were used to inform the development of a PES scheme.
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Kihika, Grace Wacuka, Eddy Okoth Odari, Joseph Mutai, and Augustine Gatimu Njuguna. "Utilization of Pre-travel Health Services Among Kenyan International Travelers in Jomo Kenyatta Airport Conducted From 2nd August to 30th September 2017." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 6, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2018.21.
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Introduction: The geographical movement of people from one area to another poses the threat of transmission of infectious diseases. Kenya is among the vulnerable countries when it comes to disease transmission, because it is a major transport hub in East Africa, yet data on the availability and uptake of pre-travel health services is limited. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the uptake of pre-travel health services. The systematic sampling method was used to obtain a sample size of 384 travelers among those in the waiting lounge prior to departure; four key informants were chosen purposively. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of tables, graphs, charts, and text. Results: The majority of respondents (70.6%) knew of at least one health service offered to international travelers in Kenya. The most sought-after pre-travel health service was vaccination (70.97%), but very few (13.93%) travelers sought pre-travel health advice on how to stay healthy while abroad. The majority of travelers were positive about pre-travel health services. The Port Health Department focuses more on the health of international arrivals as opposed to departures; there are no functional travel health clinics. Conclusion: The results indicated that the government pays little attention to departing international travelers. Therefore, it is important for the government to develop policies, guidelines, and structures that will ensure that pre-travel health services are received by travelers prior to departure. Travel clinics need to be set up to increase the uptake of pre-travel health services. Moreover, further research should be conducted.
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Kalulu, Ronald, Emmy Tushabe, and Abel Chondo. "Air Transport and Its Impact on the Tourism Industry in Rwanda: Case of RwandAir." East African Journal of Business and Economics 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.2.1.185.
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The study focused on the air transportation and its impact on the tourism industry in Rwanda; the case of RwandAir. The study objectives were to identify the contributions of air transportation to the development of tourism industry in Rwanda; to establish the challenges facing the air transport sector and to propose strategic measures to mitigate the challenges. The study used a cross-sectional survey thus both the qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied. The study used closed-ended questionnaires, structured interview, as well as document review. Purposive sampling was used on the key managers of both RwandAir and Rwanda Development Board. The study targeted 700 international tourists and 200 domestic tourists (conveniently selected), as well as structured interview with 30 senior officers of RwandAir and 20 senior officers of RDB, hence making the total population to be 950 respondents. The study sample size was 274 respondents. However, after validating the returned questionnaires, only 240 questionnaires were found to be valid. It was revealed that RwandAir greatly contributes to tourism development in many ways such as marketing, job creation, transporting tourists, providing a convenient, quick and safe way to get into the country among others. It was revealed by the world bank that international tourism arrivals in 2016 was 932000 tourists bringing in 25.85 % of total exports and total imports and expenditure on travel service es was 11.99 % in Rwanda. The number of tourists’ arrivals was limited to arrivals by air. However, RwandAir and air transport in general faces changing oil prices, expensive jets, terrorism in neighbouring countries, limited funding, skills gap in aviation sector (lack of technical engineers and pilots), geographical location, inadequate infrastructure and to a great extent, lack of safety compliance. The strategies that can be adopted to improve air transport sector are: more funding to air transport industry by government; oil and energy negotiations with oil-producing countries; skills enhancement like training local pilots and engineers; improved airport infrastructure in Rwanda e.g. at Kigali international airport and other domestic airports; space agreements as well as benchmarking best airline companies like Qatar and emirates and others in the region. The study recommends tax concessions for the air transport, oil negotiations, opening up and re-development of the domestic airports in the country, reduced prices for incoming tourists using RwandAir, partnerships between government and private sector in developing air transport, increased training of aviation staff among others. It is believed that when these are done, then air transport will continue to positively transform tourism into a better and developing sector with sustained customer base hence national development.
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Caicedo-Barreth, Alba, Enrique Santos Pavón, and Luís Lima Santos. "Competitiveness of Guayaquil towards bleisure tourism." European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2020-0010.
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AbstractGuayaquil is proposed as a tourist and business destination, aiming to stand out as a digital city, with a suitable airport, a convention centre and high-level accommodation capacity. The city receives many domestic and international tourists, although not always as the main destination of their visit. One of the tourist markets offered by the city is that of business, due to the important economic activity that takes place here, being the venue of congresses and international events. This has allowed the city to gain significant value in the business tourism sector, providing constant and profitable growth. However, the lack of study of the international market, specifically the millennial business sector, is affecting Guayaquil's competitiveness compared to other destinations that have already recognized the differentiated profile of visitors from this age group, and that consequently offer a fusion of business and leisure tourism. This research was carried out during the second semester of 2018, evaluating the market of the new bleisure trend in Guayaquil. The results evidence the limited supply directed to this market segment, the lack of exploitation of business tourism and the continued lack of capacity of the tourism sector to satisfy the bleisure market. The conclusions focus on how tourism competitiveness can be achieved in business cities that also encompass places or activities where visitors can have a relaxing time.
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Vlasov, V. P., A. V. Bolotin, S. M. Sergeev, and A. A. Lunegova. "CAUSES OF DEFORMATION OF THE FOUNDATION STRUCTURES OF THE PASSENGER TERMINAL AIRPORT "SOKOL" (MAGADAN)." Construction and Geotechnics 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2020.1.07.
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The main purpose of the reconstruction of this airport is to ensure that the engineering infrastructure complies with the modern requirements of air transportation services and transport security. In our opinion, the list of objects of reconstruction, which now includes an apron, lighting equipment, two checkpoints, a system for lighting aircraft parking places, a water supply network, communications, heat, perimeter fencing, etc., must necessarily enter and passenger terminal. While it is not listed. The article deals with the problem of determining the reliability and future operational suitability of the base and foundations of the passenger terminal at the «Sokol Magadan Airport» with a service life of more than 50 years. In this regard, a brief description of the natural conditions of the territory of the specified object is given. The peculiarity of the construction area is its seismicity (up to 8 points), deep seasonal freezing and insular distribution of permafrost soils. The problem is due to the fact that this building, consisting of two independent blocks, each of which was erected in different years on different types of pile foundations, practically began to undergo deformations after their commissioning. These deformations are manifested and manifest now on the external and internal walls in the form of cracks of different sizes. An attempt to determine their causes was made during the construction of the second half of the building, but it coincided in time with the collapse of the USSR, and therefore was not brought to a logical end. The object was put into operation without correcting the existing errors in the foundation device and foundation structures, as well as the necessary strengthening measures in such cases. In the future, it was limited to periodic redecoration and decommissioning of the most dangerous premises for people to visit. The present paper assesses the very difficult natural conditions of the territory (climate, island degrading permafrost, seismic), where the «Sokol Airport» has been operating for more than half a century. During this time, many objects of its engineering infrastructure as a result of negative interaction with the environment have received noticeable physical and moral deterioration. These include the passenger terminal. In this regard, they almost all need modern modernization and reconstruction, especially since «Sokol Airport» has received international status of Federal significance. The article substantiates the need for a geotechnical survey of the base and foundations of a deformable building. The implementation of this work is due to the alleged reprofiling of the problem building under the cargo terminal. The results of the survey will be used in the design of a new passenger terminal.
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Park, Sang-Uk, Hyung-Soo Mok, Jae-Won Lim, Hyun-Uk Seo, and Sang-Hun Oh. "Efficiency Improvement by Deriving the Optimal Operating Slip Frequency of a Linear-Induction-Style Maglev Train." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 6544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246544.
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While urban maglev trains have the advantage of being optimized for urban environments where noise is low and dust is less generated, their driving efficiency is low when compared to rotary induction motors owing to the structural limitations of linear devices. To compensate for these disadvantages, various studies on train control schemes have been conducted. Representative control methods include improving the efficiency of using slip frequency by directly controlling the propulsion force using vector control. However, this method has limitations in its use as it relates to the normal force that affects the train’s levitation system. Therefore, in this study, mathematical analysis was conducted for each factor that mutually affects the control of the train. On this basis, the magnitude of the normal force related to the safety of the train is limited. Operating efficiency was improved by varying the slip frequency according to the operating conditions of the train. In addition, for verification, the effect was proved through a comparative experiment using an 18 ton class maglev train running at Incheon International Airport.
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Aqli, Wafirul. "KAJIAN CROWDING DI ANJUNGAN PENGANTAR (WAVING GALLERY) BANDARA INTERNASIONAL ADISUCIPTO YOGYAKARTA." NALARs 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/nalars.15.2.109-120.
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ABSTRAK. Crowding atau disebut juga dengan kesesakan merupakan kejadian di mana kuantitas populasi pengguna ruang yang tidak hanya manusia tapi juga benda dan non-benda melebihi dari apa yang suatu ruang bisa mewadahinya. Dipilihnya studi kasus waving gallery bandara internasional Adi Sucipto karena fenomena crowding berpotensi terjadi di ruang ini. Waving gallery tersebut memiliki luasan yang terbatas sementara fungsinya termasuk yang cukup penting bagi pengguna/ pengunjung bandara. Lebih lanjut kajian yang diangkat adalah bagaimana pola crowding yang terjadi dan perilaku keruangan apa saja yang dilakukan oleh user berkaitan dengan crowding tersebut. Sebagai kesimpulan terdapat kecenderungan bahwa crowding yang terjadi terlihat pada waktu siang hari di hari libur, yang dipicu dengan pertambahan pengunjung ke ruang tersebut dan membentuk zona-zona seperti zona orientasi, zona settled/ menetap, dan zona mobile/ berpindah-pindah, serta terjadi perilaku withdrawal untuk keluar dari kesesakan dan menempati zona kosong.Kata Kunci: Kesesakan, Anjungan Pengantar, Perilaku PenggunaABSTRACT. Crowding is a condition in which the quantity of the users, objects and non-objects excess of what a room could accomodate it. Waving gallery at Adi Sucipto International Airport has been conducted as a case study because the phenomenon of crowding could potentially occur within the area. The waving gallery has a limited area while the function is quite vital for the users/ visitors of the airport. Study conducted is how the crowding pattern occurs and what kind of spatial behavior is being done by the user associated with the crowding. As the conclusion, there is a tendency that the crowding occurs during the daytime on the holiday, which was triggered by the increase of visitors to the gallery and forming zones of orientation, settled and mobile/ nomadic, as well as the withdrawal behavior occurs to get out of distress situation and occupy the empty zone.Key Words: Crowding, Waving Gallery, Using Behavior
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Bråthen, Svein, and Karoline L. Hoff. "Economic Impact Assessment of Regulatory Changes: A Case Study of a Proposed New ICAO Standard for Contaminated Runways." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155897.
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The literature on economic impact assessments (EIA) of regulatory changes in the transport sector is scarce. This study examines how a change in the regulatory framework for air transport could affect transport costs. The case in question is the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) State letter AN 4/1.2.26-16/19 that proposed to set a higher minimum friction on runways operated during slippery conditions. This may affect operations, particularly in the northern hemisphere. Four Norwegian airports that operate under severe winter conditions are used as examples. Sudden cancellations or transfers to another airport give additional costs per passenger, ranging from NOK 750 to NOK 5600 per return flight. If these results are generalized to all affected flights in Norway, the annual estimate is NOK 400–450 million. These numbers may not seem exorbitant. However, the costs are mainly borne by a limited number of airports. Some of them may have to close during winter, with severe consequences for local communities. This study illustrates how effects of a proposed regulatory change may be assessed in order to aid the decision-making process. The impacts on aviation safety are not considered. Data on aircraft accidents in Norway do not indicate significant effects from the proposed regulatory change.
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Zell, Joseph, Adam V. Wisnewski, Jian Liu, Jon Klein, Carolina Lucas, Martin Slade, Akiko Iwasaki, and Carrie A. Redlich. "Associations of SARS-CoV-2 serum IgG with occupation and demographics of military personnel." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): e0251114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251114.
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Background Countries across the globe have mobilized their armed forces in response to COVID-19, placing them at increased risk for viral exposure. Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 among military personnel serve as biomarkers of infection and provide a basis for disease surveillance and recognition of work-related risk factors. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen-specific IgG in serum obtained from N = 988 US National Guard soldiers between April-June 2020. Occupational information, e.g. military operating specialty (MOS) codes, and demographic data were obtained via questionnaire. Plaque assays with live SARS-CoV-2 were used to assess serum neutralizing capacity for limited subjects (N = 12). Results The SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity rate among the study population was 10.3% and significantly associated with occupation and demographics. Odds ratios were highest for those working in MOS 2T-Transportation (3.6; 95% CI 0.7–18) and 92F-Fuel specialist/ground and aircraft (6.8; 95% CI 1.5–30), as well as black race (2.2; 95% CI 1.2–4.1), household size ≥6 (2.5; 95% CI 1.3–4.6) and known COVID-19 exposure (2.0; 95% CI 1.2–3.3). Seropositivity tracked along major interstate highways and clustered near the international airport and the New York City border. SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG+ serum exhibited low to moderate SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity with IC50s ranging from 1:15 to 1:280. In limited follow-up testing SARS-CoV-2 serum IgG levels remained elevated up to 7 months. Conclusions The data highlight increased SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among National Guard vs. the local civilian population in association with transportation-related occupations and specific demographics.
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Leal Filho, Walter, Johannes M. Lütz, David N. Sattler, and Patrick D. Nunn. "Coronavirus: COVID-19 Transmission in Pacific Small Island Developing States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 5409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155409.
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Background: Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have health care systems with a limited capacity to deal with pandemics, making them especially vulnerable to the economic and social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19). This paper examines the introduction, transmission, and incidence of COVID-19 into Pacific SIDS. Methods: Calculate the rate of transmission (the average number of new cases per day between the first recorded case and the most recent day) and connectivity (daily direct flights to the leading airport in each selected island group) using flight history and COVID-19 transmission data. Results: Correlational analyses show that connectivity is positively related with (a) first-case dates and (b) spread rate in Pacific SIDS. Conclusion: Connectivity plays a central role in the spread of COVID-19 in Pacific SIDS. The continued entry of people was a significant factor for spread within countries. Efforts to prevent transmission by closing borders reduced transmission but also created significant economic hardship because many Pacific SIDS rely heavily on tourism and international exchange. The findings highlight the importance of exploring the possibility that the COVID-19 spread rate may be higher than official figures indicate, and present pathways to mitigate socio-economic impacts. The practical implications of the findings reveal the vulnerability of Pacific SIDS to pandemics and the key role of connectivity in the spread of COVID-19 in the Pacific region.
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Zhang, Q., J. Zhang, and H. Xue. "The challenge of improving visibility in Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2010): 6199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-6199-2010.
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Abstract. The "Blue Sky Project" was proposed in 1998 to investigate by how much emissions should be reduced to increase blue sky frequency in Beijing, which hosted the Summer Olympics in 2008. This paper focuses on the temporal variation of visibility and its dependence on meteorological conditions and suspended particles at Beijing using the hourly observed visibility data in Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) from 1999 to 2007. It has been found that about 47.8% (24.2%) of the hours in Beijing are "bad" ("good") hours with visibility below 10 km (equal or higher than 20 km) between 1999 and 2007. Due to the high Relative Humidity (RH), summer is the season with the lowest mean visibility in a year. Although PM10 index was reported in a decreasing trend, the increase of RH has resulted in a decreasing trend of visibility over BCIA in the summer from 1999 to 2007. To ensure blue sky ("good" visibility) for Olympics 2008, daily mean PM10 index should be reduced to 44 from 86.5. This requires that not only vehicle emissions, but also other emissions should be limited. Observations during Olympics 2008 verify that blue-sky-hour rate has been increased significantly after mean PM10 index was reduced to 56, however, the visibility during the same period of 2009 has returned to the mean standard before 2008.
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Susaki, J., T. Kusakabe, and T. Anahara. "ESTIMATING 3D LAND SUBSIDENCE FROM MULTI-TEMPORAL SAR IMAGES AND GNSS DATA USING WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-3-2020 (August 3, 2020): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2020-165-2020.
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Abstract. Analysis of multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images using persistent scatterer interferometry is an effective approach for monitoring land subsidence, which is a serious issue in some urban areas. However, a drawback to this approach is that it is limited to displacement along the radar line-of-sight direction. An accurate understanding of land subsidence requires estimation of 3D displacement. One solution is to combine observations from multiple sources and directions, such as multi-temporal SAR images acquired on ascending and descending orbits, with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data. While this approach estimates 3D displacement, other methods do not account for differences in data accuracy. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method for estimating 3D land subsidence from multi-temporal SAR images and GNSS data by using the weighted least squares method. The weights for data sources are calculated from the PSI results and GNSS data. We apply the method to Kansai International Airport, using 13 ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 ascending images from 2014 to 2018 and 17 ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 descending images from 2015 to 2018. Root mean squared errors in the east–west, north–south and vertical directions are 6, 13, and 10 mm/year, respectively. These results demonstrate that combining PSI and geodetic results is effective for monitoring land deformation accurately with high spatial resolution.
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Bardon, Thibaut, and Stefano Borzillo. "Communities of practice: control or autonomy?" Journal of Business Strategy 37, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-02-2015-0018.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the question of how two seemingly opposite principles – managerial control and autonomy – simultaneously affect, positively and negatively, managers’ motivation to develop together innovative practices in a community of practice (the Custoprog community). Design/methodology/approach – A single-case study was conducted in the Custoprog community, during which 22 semi-directive interviews with Custoprog members were conducted over a period of eight months. Members are all EuroAirport middle managers of EuroAirport (a Western Europe international airport). Findings – The findings highlight how Custoprog members experience the conflicting situation of enjoying some autonomy (granted by top management), while being subjected to some degree of managerial control. Our results focus on how these two opposite principles (control and autonomy) simultaneously (positively as well as negatively) affect the motivation of Custoprog members to develop innovative practices together. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited by the scope of the sample. Further research conducted in multiple communities of practice (CoPs) may therefore be useful for comparability purposes, and to generalize our results. Practical implications – We provide a set of practical recommendations to steer CoPs effectively, by achieving a delicate balance between control and autonomy. Originality/value – Our investigation contributes to understanding the strategic benefits of using CoPs as an informal means of developing and diffusing customer-related innovative practices.
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Schönfeldt, Hettie Carina, and Nicolette Gibson Hall. "Dietary protein quality and malnutrition in Africa." British Journal of Nutrition 108, S2 (August 2012): S69—S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512002553.
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The WHO (2007) Technical Report on protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition states that the best estimate for a population average requirement is 105 mg nitrogen/kg body weight per day, or 0·66 g protein/kg body weight per day. In many developing countries protein intake falls significantly short of these values. Apart from protein quantity, protein quality including bioavailability and digestibility, from different food sources, are currently on the global agenda. The 1st International Symposium on Dietary Protein for Human Health held in Auckland, in March 2011, and the consecutive Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Expert Consultation on Dietary Protein Quality, both highlighted the importance of assessing the quality of protein from different food sources through determination of amino acid content. Throughout the developed world, animal products and cereals are the two most important sources of protein; in developing countries this order is reversed. In low income countries only 3 % of total dietary energy, as an indicator of diet composition, is derived from meat and offal, 11 % from roots and tubers and 6 % from pulses, nuts and oilseeds. The remainder of the dietary energy is mainly derived from cereal-based staple food. Although the production of livestock has increased in developing countries, the consumption of protein in these countries with people consuming the most limited amounts of protein are continually decreasing. Undernutrition, including insufficient consumption of protein, remains a persistent problem in the developing world, and although many diets within these developing countries are deficient in thequantityof protein compared to recommendations, thequalityof the protein also strongly comes into focus.
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Reshidi, Dr Sc Nail, MSc Saranda Kajtazi, and MSc Lorik Abdullahu. "Passenger Perception towards E-ticketing Services, Airline Industry." ILIRIA International Review 4, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v4i2.31.
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This paper aims to identify the critical dominant incidents and key instigators that influence on usage or lack of usage of e-ticketing by Kosovo Air Passengers.The research at hand utilizes the Grounded Theory of Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, and the Critical Incident Technique in order to identify the factors that influence on the (diss) satisfaction of the travellers in using e-ticketing. For the purpose of this paper, the empirical data were gathered through interviews by using open ended questions. Among 93 interviews with the random selected passengers, 13 interviews were deemed as invalid.The empirical results highlighted the need for raising the consciousness regarding the efficacy and the advantages of eticketing. On the other hand, many other passengers cannot conceive the possibility of travelling without use of e-ticketing, given that in the past they spent much time in finding the right agent, desired destination, purchase difficulties in making reservation, confirmation, changes, or they had to carry large amounts of cash money to buy tickets which raised insecurity concerns.Research is limited only to the description of critical incidents that occurred in Prishtina International Airport. Majority of the respondents were highly-educated with high income status. These characteristics create a bias and constrain our ability to extrapolate from the findings. Nevertheless, the study serves as a point for more in-depth analysis and discussion on e-ticketing behaviour in Airline industry.
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Zhang, Q. H., J. P. Zhang, and H. W. Xue. "The challenge of improving visibility in Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 16 (August 24, 2010): 7821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7821-2010.
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Abstract. The "Blue Sky Project" was proposed in 1998 to investigate by how much emissions should be reduced to increase blue sky frequency in Beijing, which hosted the Summer Olympics in 2008. This paper focuses on the temporal variation of visibility and its dependence on meteorological conditions and suspended particles at Beijing using the hourly observed visibility data at Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) from 1999 to 2007. It has been found that about 47.8% (24.2%) of the hours in Beijing are "bad" ("good") hours with visibility below 10 km (equal or higher than 20 km) between 1999 and 2007. Due to the high Relative Humidity (RH), summer is the season with the lowest mean visibility in a year. Although PM10 index was reported in a decreasing trend (Chan and Yao, 2008), the increase of RH has resulted in a decreasing trend of visibility over BCIA in the summer from 1999 to 2007. To ensure blue sky ("good" visibility) for Olympics 2008, daily mean PM10 index should have been reduced from 81 to 44. This requires that not only vehicle emissions, but also other emissions should be limited. Observations verify that blue-sky-hour rate increased significantly after mean PM10 index was reduced to 53 during Olympics 2008, however, the visibility of 2009 returned to the mean level from 1999 to 2007 during the period 8−24 August. RH (aerosol) contribute 24% (76%) of the improvement of visibility during August 2008.
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Lin, Luling, Caroline Crowther, Greg Gamble, Frank Bloomfield, and Jane E. Harding. "Sex-specific effects of nutritional supplements in infants born early or small: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis (ESSENCE IPD-MA)." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e033438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033438.
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IntroductionPreterm and small for gestational age (SGA) infants are at increased risk of poor growth, disability and delayed development. While growing up they are also at increased risk of obesity, diabetes and later heart disease. The risk of such adverse outcomes may be altered by how preterm and SGA infants are fed after birth. Faltering postnatal growth is common due to failure to achieve recommended high energy and protein intakes, and thus preterm and SGA infants are often provided with supplemental nutrition soon after birth. Enhanced nutrition has been associated with improved early growth and better cognitive development. However, limited evidence suggests that faster growth may increase the risk for later adiposity, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, and that such risks may differ between girls and boys.Methods and analysisWe will search Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, controlled-trials.com, ClinicalTrials.gov and anzctr.org.au for randomised trials that studied the effects of macronutrient supplements for preterm and SGA infants on (i) developmental and metabolic and (ii) growth outcomes after hospital discharge. The outcomes will be (i) cognitive impairment and metabolic risk (co-primary) and (ii) body mass index. Individual participant data (IPD) from all available trials will be included using an intention-to-treat approach. A one-stage procedure for IPD meta-analysis (MA) will be used, accounting for clustering of participants within studies. Exploratory subgroup analyses will further investigate sources of heterogeneity, including sex and size of infants, different timing, duration and type of supplements.Ethics and disseminationThis IPD-MA is approved by the University of Auckland Human Participants Ethics Committee (reference number: 019874). Individual studies have approval from relevant local ethics committees. Results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017072683