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Turipanam Alamanda, Dini, Puspa Ovinia Saraswati, Fajar Sidiq Adi Prabowo, and Muhammad Azhari. "Study of Open and Sealed Auctions in Astra Credit Companies Using Batna and Zopa." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.21 (August 8, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17163.
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Decision made by the finance companies in solving the bad credit problems is through the withdrawal of vehicles that have been financed, then sell them through the auction system. Truck withdrawal unit is the one with the highest auction frequency. The higher the auction frequency, the lower the vehicle’s minimum price will become or the price will drop. The purposes of this study are to determine the best alternative to be carried out by Astra Credit Companies when analyzed using BATNA in open ascending and sealed highest bid auctions, and to know the price range and condition class of the auction unit that allows for an agreement to take place when analyzed using ZOPA. Based on the type, this is a descriptive qualitative research involving longitudinal observations. The data was collected through interviews with the representatives of Astra Credit Companies and the bidders, observations of the auction processes, and analyses of the auction result’s documentations study. The results reveal that open auction generates higher sales than the sealed one, but the biggest margin between the minimum price and the selling price takes place in the sealed auction. The amount of the minimum price depends on the condition class and the frequency of the auction events of each unit. The suggestion that can be implemented based on the research results for the companies is that they should provide information on an ongoing basis for the prospective bidders or partnering dealers to increase their participations. The maximum payment is results from the sales of ISUZU NKR71HD WOODEN TRUCK (sealed auction) and NKR71 HDDUMPTRK (open auction).
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Lavendelis, Egons, and Janis Grundspenkis. "Multi-Agent Based Cargo Auction." Applied Computer Systems 17, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acss-2015-0006.
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Abstract The paper presents a mechanism and an implemented tool for multi-agent based cargo auctions. The auction automates negotiations between a particular client and multiple logistics companies. The user can define his priorities in terms of six different criteria and find the most appropriate offer as a result of an auction. The developed marketplace is part of the eINTERASIA e-logistics portal and, thus, available online for both the client and the logistics companies.
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Man Chan, Mandel Wai, Dickson K. W. Chiu, and Ada Chi Wai Chung. "Developing Forward and Reverse e-Auction with Alert Support in a Web Service Environment." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 5, no. 2 (April 2015): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2015040105.
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Auction is a common competitive business-to-business (B2B) procurement procedure for supplying products and services, which are solicited, received, and evaluated. Currently, most auction portals support only forward auctions with interactive Web portals, while large companies usually construct their own reverse auction Websites. To provide a unified and more comprehensive solution, the authors develop an E-Auction System (EAS) to provide both forward and reverse auction support in a Web services environment. Buyer and sellers can post their requests via automated Web services for better Enterprise Information System (EIS) integration. Alternatively, they can manually browse the portal with a browser to post requests or submit their bid prices. Their EAS also provides an auction-matching function that automatically matches forward and reverse auction records to help completing business processes effectively. Further, their EAS's CRM system can capture and analyze user bidding behavior and posting to provide personalized Webpages. Besides, alert services provide notification of auction and bid statuses to customers for efficiency.
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Lin, Chia-Chen, Ya-Fen Chang, Chin-Chen Chang, and Yao-Zhu Zheng. "A Fair and Secure Reverse Auction for Government Procurement." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 8567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208567.
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With the development of e-commerce, the electronic auction is attracting the attention of many people. Many Internet companies, such as eBay and Yahoo!, have launched online auction systems. Many researchers have studied the security problems of electronic auction systems, but few of them are multi-attribute-based. In 2014, Shi proposed a provable secure, sealed-bid, and multi-attribute auction protocol based on the semi-honest model. We evaluated this protocol and found that it has some design weaknesses and is vulnerable to the illegal operations of buyers, which results in unfairness. In this paper, we improved this protocol by replacing the Paillier’s cryptosystem with the elliptic curve discrete (ECC), and we designed a novel, online, and multi-attribute reverse-auction system using the semi-honest model. In our system, sellers’ identities are not revealed to the buyers, and the buyers cannot conduct illegal operations that may compromise the fairness of the auction.
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Cardebat, Jean-Marie, Benoît Faye, Eric Le Fur, and Karl Storchmann. "The Law of One Price? Price Dispersion on the Auction Market for Fine Wine." Journal of Wine Economics 12, no. 3 (August 2017): 302–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2017.32.
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AbstractThis paper examines the strong version of the law of one price (LOOP) on the auction market for fine wine. We draw on worldwide auction prices from eight auction houses,1 covering the time period from 2000 to 2012. Employing a hedonic approach, we find significant price premiums in particular in Hong Kong and between auction companies (independent of their locations). The price premiums by far exceed the expected transaction costs, casting doubt on the existence of the strong version of LOOP in the fine wine market. Our results suggest that heterogeneity in buyer preferences may crucially contribute to the observed price dispersion. In particular, although wines suspected of being counterfeits are sold at discounts in Western markets, they fetch price premiums in Hong Kong. (JEL Classifications: Q14, G11)
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Klemperer, Paul. "What Really Matters in Auction Design." Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330027166.
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The most important issues in auction design are the traditional concerns of competition policy-preventing collusive, predatory, and entry-deterring behavior. Ascending and uniform-price auctions are particularly vulnerable to these problems. The Anglo-Dutch auctiona hybrid of the sealed-bid and ascending auctions-may perform better. Effective antitrust is also critical. Notable fiascoes in auctioning mobile-phone licenses, television franchises, companies, eletricty, etc., and especially the European “third-generation” (UMTS) spectrum auctions, show that everything depends on the details of the context. Auction design is not “one size fits all.”
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Takahashi, Satoshi, Tokuro Matsuo, and Roger Y. Lee. "An Approach to Co-Dependent Value Based Internet Advertisement Auction." International Journal of Software Innovation 1, no. 2 (April 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2013040101.
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A structure of the Internet advertisement is that the service providers decide order of placement of many advertisements and advertising fees by auctions when advertisers offer their promotions. It is known that Generalized Second Price Auction (GSP) mechanism is the most efficient auction mechanism of the advertisement auction. Searching engine companies employ GSP mechanism basically. There are a lot of researches on GSP in order to analyze and clarify its feature and advantages. However, these researches assume that traded advertisements are mutually independent. That is means that each advertisement does not influence other advertisements. Also these researches do not consider a value of advertisement, which means some criterions of a name value of a company, effectiveness and an importance, that is dependently each other. This paper proposes a new advertisement auction mechanism based on GSP with considering the value of advertisement. The authors analyze the auctioneer's profit in comparison between normal GSP, normal VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves Mechanism) and their proposed mechanism.
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Zhong, Hong, Song Li, Ting-Fang Cheng, and Chin-Chen Chang. "An Efficient Electronic English Auction System with a Secure On-Shelf Mechanism and Privacy Preserving." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6567146.
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With the rapid development of the Internet, electronic commerce has become more and more popular. As an important element of e-commerce, many Internet companies such as Yahoo! and eBay have launched electronic auction systems. However, like most electronic commerce products, safety is an important issue that should be addressed. Many researchers have proposed secure electronic auction mechanisms, but we found that some of them do not exhibit the property of unlinkability, which leads to the leakage of users’ privacy. Considering the importance of privacy preservation, we have designed a new auction mechanism. Through symmetrical key establishment in the registration phase, all messages transmitted over the Internet would be protected and, meanwhile, achieve the property of unlinkability. The security analysis and performance analysis show that our protocol fulfills more security properties and is more efficient for implementation compared with recent works.
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Musmanno, R., N. Scordino, C. Triki, and A. Violi. "A multistage formulation for generation companies in a multi-auction electricity market." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 21, no. 2 (June 17, 2009): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpp008.
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Liang, Jin, and Wenlin Huang. "Optimal Control Strategy of Companies: Inheriting Period and Carbon Emission Reduction." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 4, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3461747.
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In this paper, we develop an optimal control model of companies for the inheriting period, during which interphase banking and borrowing of allowances are allowable. By considering the emission reduction policy and the initial auction amount, we optimize the problem in two steps. The model is then converted into a two-dimensional Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. The numerical results, analysis, and comparisons are presented. Finally, we highlight several policy implications from the perspectives of companies and governments.
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Chien, LiHsien, and Shuyi Chi. "An integrated data envelopment approach for evaluating the meat companies efficiency." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 10 (October 22, 2019): 470–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/91/2019-agricecon.
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The purpose of this study is to apply the assurance region (AR) concept to restrict the range of input-output weights with expert opinions in the data envelopment approach (DEA). Opinions from 34 experts were collected by a questionnaire in order to rank the importance of cost and revenue sources and measure the influence of business factors with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). This article suggests that a DEA with AR specification in variable weights can present realistic results to measure and rank the performance of twenty meat auction companies (MAC) in Taiwan. We categorise MACs into four groups by decomposing their two revenue sources with auction and slaughter priority and recommend the managerial strategies for each group to improve operational efficiency. This consideration is more critical for small samples or industries that are close to the spatial competitive market structure.<br />
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Авдеева, Диана, and Александр Филатов. "Аукцион резервирования мест доступа в заповедниках: теоретическое и экспериментальное исследование." ИЗВЕСТИЯ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, no. 4 (2019): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2311-2271/2019-4/136-151.
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Работа посвящена разработке эффективного механизма взаимодействия заповедников с туроператорами, который позволяет находить финансирование для приоритетных проектов, а также привлекать на рынок новых участников и создавать новые туристические продукты для потенциальных клиентов. Существующая схема распределения, препятствующая входу на рынок новичков, не позволяет раскрыть потенциал экологического и познавательного туризма. Предложенный механизм, главной составляющей которого является аукцион мест доступа, решает проблему неэффективности. В то же время, нерациональное поведение экономических агентов может нивелировать общественный выигрыш от аукциона. Пилотная серия экспериментов, проведенных как на студентах-экономистах, так и с участием представителей заповедника и туристических компаний, позволила оценить глубину возникающей неэффективности и скорость обучения участников. The paper dwells upon developing an effective mechanism of interaction between the reserved areas and tour operators which allows to raise funds for priority projects, to involve new participants into the market and to create new tourism products for potential clients. The existing scheme of access points arrangement, hampering the new entrants, doesn’t allow to realize the potential of ecological and educational tourism. The proposed mechanism, the principal element of which is the auction for the access points reservation, eliminates entry barriers, helps to redistribute quotas effectively, to raise money for the most important projects and investigations, and in general to solve the problem of inefficiency. In particular, the reserved areas always have portfolios of tourism, environmental and scientific projects. At the same time the lack of the budget funding doesn’t allow them to realize all of those projects. Besides, there is no reasonable experience of involving business into such issues solution. The proposed mechanism allows the reserved areas to get funds from tour operators even for noncommercial projects. The firms supporting any of the projects financially (one or several, wholly or partly) become the partners of the reserved area. This is of interest for the partners not only for the purposes of advertising themselves or for improving their reputation. Tour operators get the whole amount of the transferred money (and in some cases even some additional bonus) to their virtual accounts. They can spend these funds to buy permits for serving tourists on the top-requested routes. The reserved areas offer some access points to be arranged (in the future all of them) by the auction. If a tour operator would like to enter the market or increase the number of available permits, it makes bids in the format (p, q), i.e. the price and the corresponding number of tourists whom it is ready to serve at this price. The number of bids is unlimited. After the time expiration the access points are arranged by the multi-auction at the (n+1)-price (multi-version of the Vickrey auction). Access points are granted to the companies that have made the maximum bids. It is possible to establish (by the decreasing coefficients) priorities in favor of certain companies, for example, long-term partners of the reserved areas, local tour operators, etc. This, in particular, can reduce skepticism regarding the transition to a new model of interaction between tour operators and the reserved areas. At the same time any other companies also have the opportunity to enter the market and receive the desired permits. As for the important features of the auction format, determining its choice as the proposed mechanism, we can mention, that the auction shows the market price. This format allows to determine the real wish of the firm to pay for the tourism activities in the reserved areas. Indeed, it is at the Vickrey auction where each bidder could demonstrate its real demand. In addition, what is especially important for this format is a large number of permits and tour operators participating in the auction and that helps to solve the traditional issues of participants’ collusion and possible auctioneer opportunism. At the same time the agents irrational behavior can eliminate social effects of the auction. The pilot series of experiments performed involving students-economists as well as the representatives of the reserved areas and tourist companies allowed estimating the arising inefficiency and the learning rate. After updating the proposed mechanism is planned to be applied on the electronic platform of the recreational and tourist services developed at the FEFU together with the staff of the Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve. Upon successful testing, it can be adapted and applied in other protected areas.
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Lavendelis, Egons, and Janis Grundspenkis. "Multi-Agent Auction Based Simulation Tool for an Insurance Policy Market." Applied Computer Systems 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acss-2014-0001.
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Abstract The paper presents a simulation tool for automated interactions between insurance companies and their clients during the travel insurance buying process. Insurance deal evaluation model using price and insured risks has been developed based on the study of the Latvian insurance market. The proposed model is used together with well-known agent auction protocols, thus providing a multi-agent negotiation protocol. It allows automating one-to-many negotiations between client and insurance companies simulating electronic insurance policy marketplace. The simulation tool has been developed using the MASITS methodology and tool, thus providing a case study for the methodology and tool for a new type of systems
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Razuk, Ricardo de Oliveira, Rebecca Arkader, and Ataíde Ramos Braga. "Reverse E-auction Usage in Supply Processes of Brazilian Companies: An Exploratory Survey." Latin American Business Review 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10978520902908551.
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REYES, GONZALO. "Market design for the provision of social insurance: the case of disability and survivors insurance in Chile." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 9, no. 3 (July 14, 2009): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747209990059.
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AbstractAs part of the pension reform recently approved in Chile, the government introduced a centralized auction mechanism to provide the Disability and Survivors (D&S) Insurance that covers recent contributors among the more than eight million participants in the mandatory private pension system. This paper is intended as a case study presenting the main distortions found in the decentralized operation of the system that led to this reform and the challenges faced when designing a competitive auction mechanism to be implemented jointly by the Pension Fund Managers (AFP). When each AFP independently hired this insurance with an insurance company, the process was not competitive: colligated companies ended up providing the service and distortions affected competition in the market through incentives to cream-skim members, efforts to block disability claims, lack of price transparency, and the insurance contract acting as a barrier to entry. Cross-subsidies, inefficient risk pooling, and regulatory arbitrage were also present. The Chilean experience is relevant since other privatized systems with decentralized provision of this insurance may show similar problems as they mature. A centralized auction mechanism solves these market failures, but also gives raise to new challenges, such as how to design a competitive auction that attracts participation and deters collusion. Design features that were incorporated into the regulation to tackle these issues are presented here.
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Silva, Washington Martins, and Osvaldo Candido. "Assessing Brazilian electric power transmission auctions." Journal of Economic Studies 47, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-06-2018-0212.
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PurposeThis paper aims to assess all the Brazilian electric power transmission line auctions occurred between 1999 and 2017.Design/methodology/approachA copula-based Roy/endogenous switching regression model is used. The suitability of this model is twofold: it takes into account the selection bias problem involving auctions data and it allows more flexibility in modeling the joint distribution between the unobserved components of the selection and outcome equations; thus, normal distribution assumptions are not needed.FindingsThe main results suggest that stated-owned companies have the highest probability of winning an auction, and there is a non-competitive behavior among the players in the auction. The results also suggest some departure from joint normality in the data.Originality/valueThe copula-based sample selection approach used in this paper is consistent under non-normality and allows one to address different types of nonlinearities in the data such as asymmetry and heavy tails.
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Farina, Gabriele, and Nicola Gatti. "Adopting the Cascade Model in Ad Auctions: Efficiency Bounds and Truthful Algorithmic Mechanisms." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 59 (July 17, 2017): 265–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5438.
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Sponsored Search Auctions (SSAs) are one of the most successful applications of microeconomic mechanisms, with a revenue of about $72 billion in the US alone in 2016. However, the problem of designing the best economic mechanism for sponsored search auctions is far from being solved, and, given the amount at stake, it is no surprise that it has received growing attention over the past few years. The most common auction mechanism for SSAs is the Generalized Second Price (GSP). However, the GSP is known not to be truthful: the agents participating in the auction might have an incentive to report false values, generating economic inefficiency and suboptimal revenues in turn. Superior, efficient truthful mechanisms, such as the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) auction, are well known in the literature. However, while the VCG auction is currently adopted for the strictly related scenario of contextual advertising, e.g., by Google and Facebook, companies are reluctant to extend it to SSAs, fearing prohibitive switching costs. Other than truthfulness, two issues are of paramount importance in designing effective SSAs. First, the choice of the user model; not only does an accurate user model better target ads to users, it also is a critical factor in reducing the inefficiency of the mechanism. Often an antagonist to this, the second issue is the running time of the mechanism, given the performance pressure these mechanisms undertake in real-world applications. In our work, we argue in favor of adopting the VCG mechanism based on the cascade model with ad/position externalities (APDC-VCG). Our study includes both the derivation of inefficiency bounds and the design and the experimental evaluation of exact and approximate algorithms.
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Song, Jiongjiong, and Amelia Regan. "Combinatorial Auctions for Transportation Service Procurement: The Carrier Perspective." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1833, no. 1 (January 2003): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1833-06.
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The procurement of transportation services is an important task for shippers because of the need to control costs while providing high service levels. When shippers need to transport goods and materials, they seek transportation services from outside companies and typically issue a request for quotes from a group of carriers. The shippers then assign contracts on the basis of negotiated service charges. This process is similar to a simple sealed-bid auction in which each bidder submits a sealed bid for a single item. In the past, when shippers needed to procure transportation services for a set of distinctive delivery routes (called lanes), they would obtain quotes for each lane individually and repeat the simple auction process for each lane. Alternatively, they might negotiate for bundles of lanes with a single carrier at a time. However, in the last several years, software has been developed to enable shippers to make all lanes available for bidding simultaneously and to enable carriers to simultaneously bid on combinations of individual lanes. This method of awarding contracts, conventionally called a combinatorial auction, has resulted in significant cost savings for shippers. This research examines the benefits of combinatorial auctions primarily from the carrier's perspective. On the basis of a simple simulation model, preliminary findings suggest that carrier benefits can also be significant.
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Nasirov, Shahriyar, Eugenio Cruz, Claudio A. Agostini, and Carlos Silva. "Policy Makers’ Perspectives on the Expansion of Renewable Energy Sources in Chile’s Electricity Auctions." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214149.
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Chile has become one of the first few countries where renewable sources compete directly with conventional generation in price-based auctions. Moreover, the results of energy auctions during the last few years show a remarkable transition from conventional fossil fuels to renewable energies. In fact, the energy auction in 2017, to provide energy to customers from distribution companies, achieved a massive expansion in renewable technology at one of the lowest prices in the world. These positive results prompted the question if such results were permanent or temporal due to factors with limited effects. In this regard, this paper studies the key factors that drove the significant rise of renewable technologies in Chilean energy auctions, obtaining valuable lessons for regulators, not only in Chile, but also in the region and the world. For this purpose, we considered a well-proven method based on a hybrid multicriteria decision-making model to examine and prioritize the main drivers of the expansion of renewables in auctions. The results showed that some specific characteristics of the auction design, particularly the hourly supply blocks, the lead time for project construction, and contract duration, were the most significant drivers for the expansion of renewables in energy auctions. Moreover, the results showed that, provided that the auction design accommodates for such drivers, solar energy ends up as the most attractive technology in the Chilean auctions. The research also shows the main findings are robust by the application of a probabilistic sensitivity analysis.
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Baltrunaite, Audinga. "Political Contributions and Public Procurement: Evidence from Lithuania." Journal of the European Economic Association 18, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 541–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvz016.
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Abstract This paper studies whether firms trade political contributions for public procurement contracts. Combining data on Lithuanian government tenders, corporate donors, and firm characteristics, I examine how a ban on corporate contributions affects the awarding of procurement contracts to companies that donated in the past. Consistent with political favoritism, donors’ probability of winning falls by five percentage points as compared to that of nondonor firms after the ban. Evidence on bidding and victory margins suggests that corporate donors may receive auction-relevant information affecting procurement outcomes in their favor.
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Azman, Mohd Azrai. "Bidding competitiveness: a comparative analysis of different bid auctions in Malaysia." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 14, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 678–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-11-2014-0072.
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Purpose This research aims to contrast bid competitiveness with respect to the average bid auction (ABA) and the non-ABA bidding formats used by the Public Works Department (PWD) of Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The research uses the ordinary least square regression and the Monte–Carlo simulation to point out significant predictors which affect the bid ratio and fitting probability distributions to bidding data, respectively. Findings This research shows that the bidding strategy adopted is dependent on the different formats used. In the ABA format, bidders are more likely to submit identical bid prices. In the non-ABA format, they bid according to the first-price auction strategy, which suggests greater variation between bid prices as a winning strategy and the reduction in the bid price to an estimated price ratio when more bidders bid. Practical implications Bidders lose more money when the distance between the project location and a firm’s operational office is greater. Best-fit probability density functions follow a gamma distribution for the ABA format and a Weibull distribution for the non-ABA format. The location and number of bidders affect bidders’ strategy to win. Originality/value This research presents empirical insights concerning the comparisons of different type of bidding formats practiced by PWD of Malaysia and its implications on the construction companies’ bidding behaviors especially when it comes to its economic consequences. The significant factors that affect the different auction mechanisms used can serve as a basis for improving the present methods employed by PWD and in other countries.
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Yanti, Yanti. "MODEL RANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PROJECT MONITORING." CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2009): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/commit.v3i2.515.
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Economic development makes the property industry growing very rapidly. The property development is supported by the development of contractor’s company that conducts property development. Inside the contracting company doing business can not perform their own procurement because of the many items that must be provided. For the purposes of the construction company entered into an agreement with the subcontractor as vendor conduct procurement in accordance with the needs of contracting companies. To simplify the procurement process, generally conducted by a process called a tender / auction. This is done by contracting companies to get quality and price in accordance with the desired budget. The company’s commitment subcontractors as the procurement of goods to be one key to successful contracting company doing business development process. Therefore, the subcontractor companies are required to have a good commitment. Therefore we need a project monitoring system that can monitor business processes running on those sub contractor company. The purpose of this research is to design a project monitoring information system in accordance with company requirements to operational activities more effective and efficient company.Keywords: project monitoring, design model, subcontractor
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Bouamama, Samah, and Ghalem Belalem. "The New Economic Environment to Manage Resources in Cloud Computing." Journal of Information Technology Research 8, no. 2 (April 2015): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2015040103.
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The Clouds have changed the way services are delivered to companies. The attractiveness of the Clouds comes from the (efficacy) effective gains (cost, performance, availability, fault tolerance...) and agility of enterprise applications and services. The computer infrastructure is becoming a supply chain services. Existing systems of Clouds do not support advanced mechanisms for the optimal trade applications across different Clouds. In this study, the authors proposed an environment consisting of a set of customers with a budget and a number of Cloudlet to process. Before starting the auction procedure, they fit in their separate group, previously formed according to a certain criteria, by paying a registration fee that will be cashed at a local bank in each Club. If a customer does not have enough budget (client in crisis) to satisfy their needs, they can make a bank loan. In this work, the authors propose the way to satisfy Clubs in terms of quality of processing cloudlets (Tasks) for each member of a Club, while minimizing their cost and their time of processing, and the way to integrate the principle of Auction Clubs in CloudSim simulator.
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Gonzalo Herranz De, Rafael, and Sebastián Fernandez-Prados Juan. "Intensive agriculture, marketing and social structure: the case of south-eastern Spain." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 8 (August 30, 2018): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/318/2016-agricecon.
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The main purpose of this study was to analyse the opinions of farmers in the province of Almería concerning the state of the fruit and vegetable sector, to learn about the main considerations in their decision-making processes when marketing their products and their assessment of the image of companies and cooperatives and to analyse the social structure of this collective. To that end, the analysis was conducted on three levels: a descriptive analysis on two levels – a quantitative analysis of the socio-demographic, socio-economic and marketing characteristics of farmers in the province of Almería and a qualitative analysis based on the opinions of farmers and a group of experts in the sector; and an explanatory analysis, based on a binary logistic regression model, to show how decision-making occurs in the marketing dialectic, whether it either be at the source (auction) or the end-point (cooperative). The conclusion is that the marketing variables that are most tied to context – such as price, timeframe or certification – better explain the decision-making process of farmers in the province of Almería when marketing their products, both for cooperative members and for those who sell their products in alhóndigas (traditional auction houses).
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Alsaleem, Maan Y. Anad, and Safwan O. Hasoon. "COMPARISON OF DT& GBDT ALGORITHMS FOR PREDICTIVE MODELING OF CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 1 (January 31, 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001132.
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Recently, many uses of artificial intelligence have appeared in the commercial field. Artificial intelligence allows computers to analyze very large amounts of information and data, reach logical conclusions on many important topics, and make difficult decisions, this will help consumers and businesses make better decisions to improve their lives, and it will also help startups and small companies achieve great long-term success. Currency exchange rates are important matters for both governments, companies, banks and consumers. The decision tree is one of the most widely artificial intelligence tools used in data mining. With the development of this field the decision tree and Gradient boosting decision tree are used to predicate through constructed intelligent predictive system based on it. These algorithms have been used in many stock market forecasting systems based on global market data. The Iraqi dinar exchange rates for the US dollar are affected in local markets, depending on the exchange rate of the Central Bank of Iraq and the features of that auction. The proposed system is used to predict the dollar exchange rates in the Iraq markets Depending on the daily auction data of the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI). The decision tree and Gradient boosting decision tree was trained and testing using dataset of three-year issued by the CBI and compare the performance of both algorithms and find the correlation between the data. (Runtime, accuracy and correlation) criteria are adopted to select the best methods. In system, the characteristic of artificial intelligence have been integrated with the characteristic of data mining to solve problems facing organization to use available data for decision making and multi-source data linking, to provide a unified and integrated view of organization data.
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Kudrytska, Natalia. "Transformation of the property institutions of Ukrainian sea ports." University Economic Bulletin, no. 40 (March 1, 2019): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-40-122-128.
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The article deals with the problem of the transformation of maritime ports' property institutes, the relevance of which is confirmed in the program documents of the Government: the National transport strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030, the Agreement on the coalition of deputy factions «European Ukraine», the requirements of the International Monetary Fund.The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of the transformation of the ports of Ukraine ownership on the efficiency of their activities, the peculiarities of various forms of public-private partnership (concessions, privatization, lease) for the development of stevedoring campaigns.On the basis of statistical data of general, import and export volumes of cargo handling at sea ports of Ukraine, the dynamics and calculated proportion of stevedoring companies of state, private and leasehold ownership in the period 2015-2018 have been formed. It has been proved that privatization processes help to increase the effectiveness of the stevedoring campaigns.In accordance with the Law of Ukraine dated January 18, 2018, No. 2269-VIII «On Privatization of State and Communal Property», the option of privatization of stevedoring campaigns as objects of large privatization in an auction with conditions is considered (auction, the winner of which is not only the bidder who offered the largest price, but also the one who agreed to accept additional privatization conditions).The most progressive form of operation of stevedoring campaigns is the lease of berths with their subsequent concession. However, there are three reservations: the impossibility of transferring a single port to a single company by concession, without thereby violating the rights of all other tenants and investors; politicization of the process of transferring objects to a concession; the advantage will be large foreign companies that are already leasing complexes. It is necessary to carefully approach the process of transformation of property institutions, to take into account the cost, size, volumes and range of goods processed by the stevedoring campaign.
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Rafay, Abdul, and Arsala Khan. "Shift Towards Next Generation Networks (NGNs) for Sustainability." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 18, no. 3 (July 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2016070101.
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This paper examined the shift towards the Next Generation Networks (NGNs) like 4G from 2G and the role of technology for sustainable development in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. WARID was one of the four cellular companies of Pakistan. All the big players in the market had auctioned for 3G/4G licenses but WARID remained distant from the process of spectrum auction. The paper investigated issues and decisions involved when WARID decided to launch 4G/LTE nationwide due to its technology neutral license. It was also studied that how this decision was necessary and beneficial for all internal and external stakeholders of the organization in terms of sustainability, customer satisfaction, technological advancements etc. The study used secondary data as well as unstructured interviews where interaction with the management/employees of the organization was deliberated to stimulate discussions and opinions.
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Vatani, Behdad, Hamidreza Zareipour, and Nima Amjady. "Stochastic self-scheduling of generation companies in day-ahead multi-auction electricity markets considering uncertainty of units and electricity market prices." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 7, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0729.
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Carmi, Elinor. "Rhythmedia: A Study of Facebook Immune System." Theory, Culture & Society 37, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276420917466.
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This paper examines the politics behind algorithmic ordering in social media, focusing on the advertising logic behind them. This is explored through a practice I call rhythmedia – the way media companies render people, objects and their relations as rhythms and (re)order them for economic purposes. As a case study I examine the way the Facebook Immune System algorithm orchestrates people’s mediated experience towards a desired rhythm (sociality) while filtering out problematic rhythms (spam). This anti-spam algorithm shows that it is important for Facebook to understand people as rhythms and assemble a dynamic database from their mediated experiences, to convince advertisers that they know when and where people do things. People’s rhythms become a product that advertisers pay and bid for through Ad Auction to intervene in specific moments and shape people’s experience. Thus, the company can shape, manage, and filter specific rhythms to order sociality that brings more value.
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Perkin, Nic. "Alternative Financing." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 07 (July 1, 2012): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-jul-6.
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This article explains the concept of online receivables auction and its benefits. With the use of online receivables financing, companies have been able to accelerate its growth when they want and on their own terms. A key distinction between The Receivables Exchange and other, traditional forms of financing is that the Exchange gives sellers the opportunity to choose when and at what price to sell individual invoices. As a result, each company maintains control over its cash flow. Auctioning receivables can increase a company’s liquidity by cutting its day sales outstanding. In today’s financial climate, cash flow management strategies can mean the difference between the life and death of a company. Growth-oriented engineering firms are no longer judged by their short track record or lack of tangible collateral. Rather, because buyers judge the credit quality of the seller’s customers, sellers are able to leverage the strength of their best customers to increase their short-term liquidity at competitive rates.
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Mao, Xuezhang, Jinghua Li, Hui Guo, and Xiaoyuan Wu. "Research on Collaborative Planning and Symmetric Scheduling for Parallel Shipbuilding Projects in the Open Distributed Manufacturing Environment." Symmetry 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12010161.
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In the current distributed manufacturing environment, more extensive enterprise cooperation is an effective means for shipbuilding companies to increase the competitiveness. However, considering the project scale and the uneven production capacity between the collaborative enterprises, a key issue for shipbuilding companies is to effectively combine the product-oriented project tasks and the specialized production-oriented plants. Due to information privatization, the decision-making process of project planning and scheduling is distributed and symmetric. Existing project scheduling methods and collaboration mechanisms in the shipbuilding industry are somehow inefficient. The aim of the research is to provide an assistant decision-making method to support effective task dispatching and multi-party cooperation for better utilization of the distributed resources and to help project managers control the shipbuilding process. The article initially establishes an agent-based complex shipbuilding project collaborative planning and symmetric scheduling framework, simulating the distributed collaborative decision-making process and bridging the multi-project planning with the individual project scheduling in much detail, which fills the research gap. A negotiation method based on iterative combination auction (ICA) is further proposed to solve the integration problem of project planning and task scheduling, and an illustrative example is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and rationality of the methods. Finally, an application case using a prototype system on shipbuilding projects collaborative planning and scheduling will be reported as a result.
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Hestuleksono, Aryo. "Tinjauan Atas Kesiapan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum Dan Perumahan Rakyat Terkait Keikutsertaan Indonesia Dalam Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)." Veritas et Justitia 2, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): 441465. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.2275.
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<p><strong><em>Abstarct</em></strong></p><em>Basically ratification of the GPA for Indonesia is the opening of the Indonesian market (market access) to the entrepreneur/companies from other countries, which means allowing entrepreneur/foreign companies to participate in the process of procurement of goods and services (PBJ) government in Indonesia. Similarly, the reverse with Indonesian companies. The existence of market acess makes the relation between national with international law. This is a reason of authors are interested to know further the relationship conformity with international law related to the readiness of the national Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) when Indonesia ratified the GPA views of the setting methods for selecting/ auction in the construction sector in national legislation. The method used is a normative juridical research and the purpose of research to give recommendation to the Ministry PUPR particularly regarding setting methods for selecting the procurement of construction services when Indonesia ratified the GPA. If viewed from the side PBJ arrangements in the Government in the field of construction, especially regarding the purpose, principles and method of election of, the results showed that Ministry PUPR not ready when Indonesia ratified the GPA, because there is a difference between setting purpose PBJ contained in Perpres No. 54/2010 and its amendments as well as Permen PU No 07/2010 and amendments that more give protection to national companies, while GPA has the open principle. In addition there are differences about the method of selecting good views of the types/forms (nomenclature) and its meaning. So that when Indonesia will ratify the GPA, the Government and the Ministry PUPR in particular need to make adjustments to the "purpose" of regulation PBJ as contained in the Perpres/Permen PU with "purpose" contained in the GPA. Similarly, adjustments to the forms (nomenclature) and the meaning of the audition method.</em>
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Putra, Hutomo. "WHAT WE HAVE LOST FROM WHAT HAVE BEEN DONE: ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE SALVAGED SHIPWRECK CARGOES IN INDONESIA." Berkala Arkeologi 39, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v39i2.464.
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The struggling in the ethical issues of submerged underwater sites and underwater cultural heritage have been undertaking in Indonesia for the last two decades. During these 20 years, commercial companies in collaboration with the National Shipwreck Committee recovered and salvaged substantial numbers of material cargoes. Unfortunately, the majority of these operations occurred without the involvement of archaeologists and lack of proper and controlled archaeological methods and excavation techniques. Since 2010, the Indonesian Government has declared a moratorium that temporarily stopped all commercial survey and salvage activities, and prohibits the sale of the artefacts. Nowadays, more than 190,000 artefacts raised by salvagers are currently stored at the National Shipwreck Committee warehouses near Jakarta, in Cileungsi, West Java, Indonesia. This study attempts to illustrate the disadvantages of the commercial salvage practices and the auction of salvaged artefacts. This research also discusses some recommendations to contribute to a more ethical system of protection and the long-term management of the Indonesian maritime cultural resources, including its existing collections from salvaged shipwreck sites that are stored at the National Shipwreck Committee warehouse today.
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Vujacic, Ivan, and Jelica Petrovic-Vujacic. "Privatization in Serbia - an assesment before the last round." Ekonomski anali 61, no. 209 (2016): 45–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1609045v.
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Serbia has had a long history of privatization. It commenced in 1990 and was only fully completed, as defined by the privatization legislation, in 2015. The reasons for this are many and complex and the paper provides a short historical overview. Privatization, however, began in earnest after the democratic revolution of 2000 and the paper analyses the political motives behind the adoption of the current model. The paper goes on to explain the model design, as well as its dynamics and results. The analysis probes more deeply into the specific weaknesses of auction implementation, showing that an alternative approach could have produced better results in terms of revenue. The specific institutional flaws that led to a high failure rate in the privatization of companies are identified and analysed. These weaknesses lie in the design, implementation, and monitoring, which led to results that were not in line with the goals of the privatization process. The designers of the privatization model gave scant attention to broader institutional coherence, which enabled largescale manipulation of the process. In some cases this enabled motives unrelated to the future of the firm being privatized to dominate the process. Finally, the scope of the last round of privatization in Serbia, which commenced in June 2015, and the probable results are discussed.
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Shin, Hansol, Tae Hyun Kim, Kyuhyeong Kwag, and Wook Kim. "A Comparative Study of Pricing Mechanisms to Reduce Side-Payments in the Electricity Market: A Case Study for South Korea." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 3395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123395.
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Under marginal-cost pricing, some generators cannot recover their production costs at the market price due to non-convexities in the electricity market. For this reason, most electricity markets pay side-payments to generators whose costs are not sufficiently recovered, but side-payments present the problem of deteriorating transparency in the market. Recently, convex hull pricing and extended locational marginal pricing have been reviewed or gradually introduced to reduce side-payments. Another method is to include non-convex costs in the market price, which is applied in the Korean electricity market. Although it is not generally considered in the electricity market, the Vickrey auction method is also one of the pricing mechanisms that can reduce side-payments. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the financial impact of these alternative pricing mechanisms on market participants through rigorous simulation. We applied the alternative pricing schemes to the Korean electricity market, and the impacts are analyzed by comparing the cost aspect of an electricity sales company and the profit aspect of generation companies. As a result of the simulation study, each pricing mechanism not only differed in the degree to which side-payments are reduced but also has different effects on the type of generators.
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Danilovskaya, A. V., and A. P. Tenishev. "Criminal Responsibility for Collusions at Auctions." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.98.1.119-131.
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The anti-monopoly practice concerning agreements prohibited by the Federal Law “On Protection of Competition” traditionally defines the so-called collusions at tenders. Depriving the state of the opportunity to save budget funds, collusions at auctions do not only violate the procedure established by the law, but, by limiting competition, adversely affects the country’s economy.For collusion at an auction, both administrative (Article 14.32 “Conclusion of an agreement restricting competition, the implementation of concerted actions restricting competition, coordination of economic activities” of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation) and criminal responsibility (Article 178 “Restriction of competition”, as well as Articles 159, 285, 286 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) is set.However, the current version of Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which is supposed to be the main one in the fight against anti-competitive agreements, has significant drawbacks that make the fight against these dangerous anti-competitive agreements ineffective. The damage from the activities of all cartels (in the commodity markets, during the procurements by state-owned companies and the state, during the bidding for the alienation of state property) is estimated at 1.5-2% of GDP.Meanwhile, when carrying out public procurement and procurement of companies with state participation consume up to 30 trillion rubles a year. If the bidding is held under collusion, the reduction in the initial (maximum) contract price hardly reaches 1%; if the bidding is held in a competitive environment, the price decline reaches 20-30%. Perhaps not so obvious, but this does not mean that the collusion at auctions has a negative effect on competition. Companies compete neither in price nor in quality. Access to the state order, and therefore, an undoubted competitive advantage in the commodity markets, is obtained not by those companies that are better and more efficient, but by those that have been able to come to an agreement. Only in 2016, due to the low level of competition in trading, the budgets of all levels lost more than 180 billion rubles. Moreover, the Federal AntiMonopoly Service (FAS) considers this number underestimated — the application of the methodology adopted in OECD countries brings the figure of damage up to 1 trillion rubles per year.The current situation requires an appropriate response, in particular, introducing changes into the legislation of the Russian Federation that reflect the substantially increased public danger of anti-competitive agreements and will also contribute to the development of the practice of countering them.
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Foster, John Bellamy. "The Opt Out Revolt: Democracy and Education." Monthly Review 67, no. 10 (March 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-10-2016-03_1.
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In the United States today, the age of monopoly-finance capital and neoliberal politics, all aspects of social life are being financialized at breakneck speed, while the economy as a whole and employment remain lackluster. Financial flows of whatever kind are converted into "securitized" assets to be leveraged by Wall Street speculators. The data of private communications are mined. Health care is converted into a realm of super profits. Public water and electric facilities are sold to the highest bidder. The political system is turned into an open-air auction. Even pollution is treated as a market.… At the center of this juggernaut is elementary and secondary education, which receives over $550 billion in annual public spending, equal to the GDP of Belgium, ranked twenty-fifth worldwide in national income. The new copyrighted Common Core State Standards, and the accompanying standardized tests run by two multi-state consortia in conjunction with testing companies, are "high stakes" not merely for schools, teachers, and students, but also for the vested interests of capital.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-10" title="Vol. 67, No. 10: March 2016" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>
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Pingli, Duan, Bala Anand Muthu, and Seifedine Nimer Kadry. "Industrial Internet of Things for smart manufacturing applications using Hierarchical Trustful Resource Assignment." Work 68, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203429.
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BACKGROUND: The manufacturing industry undergoes a new age, with significant changes taking place on several fronts. Companies devoted to digital transformation take their future plants inspired by the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is a worldwide network of interrelated physical devices, which is an essential component of the internet, including sensors, actuators, smart apps, computers, mechanical machines, and people. The effective allocation of the computing resources and the carrier is critical in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for smart production systems. Indeed, the existing assignment method in the smart production system cannot guarantee that resources meet the inherently complex and volatile requirements of the user are timely. Many research results on resource allocations in auction formats which have been implemented to consider the demand and real-time supply for smart development resources, but safety privacy and trust estimation issues related to these outcomes are not actively discussed. OBJECTIVES: The paper proposes a Hierarchical Trustful Resource Assignment (HTRA) and Trust Computing Algorithm (TCA) based on Vickrey Clarke-Groves (VGCs) in the computer carriers necessary resources to communicate wirelessly among IIoT devices and gateways, and the allocation of CPU resources for processing information at the CPC. RESULTS: Finally, experimental findings demonstrate that when the IIoT equipment and gateways are valid, the utilities of each participant are improved. CONCLUSION: This is an easy and powerful method to guarantee that intelligent manufacturing components genuinely work for their purposes, which want to integrate each element into a system without interactions with each other.
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Keca, Ljiljana, and Aleksandar Markovic. "Market potentials for forestry sector development in the Rasina district." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 118 (2018): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1818047k.
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The idea of this paper is to show the placement of forestry products on the market, as well as future opportunities for the development of the forestry sector in terms of goods exchange within the FE ?Rasina? Krusevac, which is part of PE ?Srbijasume?. In particular, the sales of wood by auction are also shown. The aim of this research is to determine the realization of the exchange of timber assortments within the FE ?Rasina? Krusevac through an analysis of the collected data. The purpose of this research is to define and determine the rules of exchange realization, as well as to give explanations of the consequences of the implemented exchanges and to make proposals for future activities on the market. The subjects of this research are: sold quantities of timber products within FE ?Rasina? Krusevac, their purchase by wood processing companies, as well as the price of the product. The sales of beech assortments are represented by a second degree polynomial, a strong correlation bond (0.850) is present and the correlation coefficient is statistically significant, indicating an error of about 0.1% (Significance F), the parameters are significant (for the error level ? = 0.05 %), because the corresponding P-value points to an error of about 4%, and an average exponential annual growth rate of 3.4%. The total gross income of timber assortments of beech in 2017, for FE ?Rasina? Krusevac on the domestic market amounts to 436,583,828 RSD. The most significant revenue was realized by selling firewood, with an income of 210.941.258 RSD, which is primarily attributed to the quantity, and not to the price.
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Winda, Syahdu Winda. "Formularium Nasional (FORNAS) dan e-Catalogue Obat Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Korupsi dalam Tata Kelola Obat Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN)." INTEGRITAS 4, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v4i2.328.
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In the National Health Insurance (JKN), drug governance have to implement quality control and cost control. The Government has published the National Formulary (FORNAS) as quality control and e-catalogue as price control. FORNAS and e-catalogue are expected to minimize corruption practices in drug prescription and drug procurement. Quality and cost effective drugs have been selected in FORNAS. Use of drug and restrictions are also regulated for each level of health facilities to avoid irrational using. FORNAS is expected to reduce corruption by eliminating bribery/gratification practices to doctors/hospitals by pharmaceutical companies. On the other hand, the corruption holes in the procurement are tried to be reduced through the e-catalogue system. A number of drugs needed have been tendered and negotiated by LKPP at the best price in e-catalogue. Health facilities can carry out drug procurement quickly and transparently without auction process. But in the process of applying FORNAS and e-catalogue as quality control, cost control and to minimize corruption, there are still problems that have not yet been able to reach their goals optimally. Mismatch number of drugs and item of drugs in FORNAS and e-catalogue, differences of drug lists in FORNAS with the Clinical Practice Guidelines (PPK), the absence of rules governing the minimum percentage of FORNAS in Hospital formularies, delays in drug display processes in e-catalogs and weaknesses in e-catalogue application is a series of problems that still hamper FORNAS and e-catalogue as solutions to prevent corruption in JKN drug governance. Relevant agencies (Ministry of Health and LKPP) need to make improvements in the form of regulations that encourage FORNAS compliance at each of the health facility level, fulfillment of FORNAS drug items in e-catalogue, availability of FORNAS in e-catalogue in early year and improvement of e-catalogue application features.
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Robinson, Stephen Cory. "What’s your anonymity worth? Establishing a marketplace for the valuation and control of individuals’ anonymity and personal data." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 19, no. 5 (August 14, 2017): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-05-2017-0018.
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Purpose The viability of online anonymity is questioned in today’s online environment where many technologies enable tracking and identification of individuals. In light of the shortcomings of the government, industry and consumers in protecting anonymity, it is clear that a new perspective for ensuring anonymity is needed. Where current stakeholders have failed to protect anonymity, some proponents argue that economic models exist for valuation of anonymity. By placing a monetary value on anonymity through Rawls’ concept of primary goods, it is possible to create a marketplace for anonymity, therefore allowing users full control of how their personal data is used. This paper aims to explore the creation of a data marketplace, offering users the possibility of engaging with companies and other entities to sell and auction personal data. Importantly, participation in a marketplace does not sacrifice one’s anonymity, as there are different levels of anonymity in online systems. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a conceptual framework based on the abstractions of anonymity and data valuation. Findings The manuscript constructs a conceptual foundation for exploring the development and deployment of a personal data marketplace. By suggesting features allowing individuals’ control of their personal data, and properly establishing monetary valuation of one’s personal data, it is argued that individuals will undertake a more proactive management of personal data. Originality/value An overview of the available services and products offering increased anonymity is explored, in turn, illustrating the beginnings of a market response for anonymity as a valuable good. By placing a monetary value on individuals’ anonymity, it is reasoned that individuals will more consciously protect their anonymity in ways where legislation and other practices (i.e. privacy policies, marketing opt-out) have failed.
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Poperechny, S., O. Salamin, and N. Kubrak. "Creation and marketing activity problems of service cooperatives in agri-culture." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 92 (May 11, 2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9208.
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The problems of creation and effective functioning of service cooperatives in agriculture are analyzed. Formation of their microeconomic goals, which are determined by the presence of many centers of optimization, are shown. The inadequate coherence between these goals and the directions of state financial support was the most important factor in deterring of formation servicing co-operation in Ukraine. The mistakenness of common points of view regarding the absolute competitive advantages of agroholdings in comparison with service cooperatives is substantiated. Service cooperatives can provide formation as large commodity parties as agroholdings without excessive consolidation of economic entities. In addition, service cooperatives may avoid competition by implementing marketing strategy focused on satisfying needs of consumers of individual narrow market segments. The main argument is the ability to overcome the monopolization of the market by separate structures and ensure market price generation. General tendencies of agricultural development are determined by the prices which are formed by separate monopoly structure without cooperatives. Price is the main element of the market mechanism of production regulation. It is a benchmark that defines the directions of marketing activity of agricultural enterprise. There are lots of tendencies that should be expected in such condition. These are huge companies, which form their own distribution channels. They independently deliver products to consumers, passing the existing intermediary structures which monopolized market. They prefer production of products for export, as monopolistic tendencies in pricing are largely overcomed in foreign markets and prices for agricultural products are higher and more stable. Cooperative idea is aimed at formation on cooperative basis of the infrastructure of the agrarian market in some countries. Evidence of this is predominantly cooperative ownership of the wholesale markets for agricultural products, created in the places of raw material production. Government support of creation markets ensures market generation of prices and goods flows through the organization of auction tenders. The dissemination of information on the results of these trades will affect the price level generated by other channels, stabilizing prices.
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Saltykov, Maksim A., and Elizaveta Yu Obraztsova. "Assessment of Competition in the Fishing Industry in the Far Eastern Federal District in Terms of the Quota Analysis." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 51 (2020): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/51/5.
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The article discusses the impact of competition in the market of aquatic biological resources on the end-user price of fish products and the introduction of an auction quota mechanism for the catch of aquatic biological resources proposed by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia to increase competition in the industry and cut prices in retail fish markets. The study aims to test the hypothesis that the fishing industry has a high level of monopolisation and low competition based on the data on the allocation of quotas for the aquatic biological resources of the largest fishery region—the Far East fishery basin. Technical issues of conducting research in the Far East fish products market are considered using concentration coefficients and taking into account its specificity, geographical location, and trade flows of fish products. Based on the distribution of quotas for the total allowable catch of the magister armhook squid (Berryteuthis magister), walleye pollock, Pacific herring, cod, Kamchatka crab, and smear dab in the subzones of the Far East fishing area, (1) market shares of fishing enterprises are analysed, leading producers are identified in each of the analysed segments with an estimate of their specific share in the total volume of quotas for aquatic biological resources, (2) the CR3 concentration ratio and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index are calculated, with the variance of the quotas, the mode and the median of the distribution of the quotas additionally calculated. Assessment of the CR3 concentration index and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index for the producers of Pacific herring, walleye pollock, cod, Kamchatka crab,and smear dab allowed classifying these markets as non-concentrated, while a significantly higher concentration was found for the magister armhook squid producers. The study did not confirm the assumption of monopolisation and high concentration of the fishing industry. The formation of the retail market price of fish products is influenced by various factors, including logistics, the number of resellers, and some others. Alternative distribution channels for fishing companies, reduction of the number of intermediaries between producers and retail consumers, and the creation of fish markets may prove an effective way to develop the industry.
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Tarkhova, Ksenia V., Vladislav I. Alifirov, and Olga N. Gorokhova. "The Evolution of Antitrust Regulation in Russia in Digital Era." Digital Law Journal 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2020-1-4-38-55.
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The article includes a comprehensive analysis of changes that have been taking place in Russian antitrust enforcement in response to the digitalization of the economy. Digitalization has led to increase of the role of information and digital platforms in day-to-day business activities of the market players. Digitalization vanished geographical boundaries of the digital markets and modified market structures in general. Innovative technologies, big data, and intellectual property have become the key drivers of economic growth. The authors analyze new violations of antimonopoly legislation in the digital era (in particular collusive tendering using auction robots), the anticompetitive effects resulting from the use of pricing algorithms, and the first approaches of the antitrust authority to regulations of the algorithmic pricing. In addition, within the framework of this article, the first legal positions of the antitrust authority regarding the use of pricing algorithms, as well as the new approaches of the regulator to the analysis of digital markets in merger control are considered, taking into account such factors as network effects, big data and technologies. Moreover, the authors analyze the first practice of using the technology transfer as a remedy in merger control by the antitrust authority to mitigate anti-competitive effects of the transactions planned in the Russian market. Finally, the authors conduct an overview of the new legal provisions governing the mandatory pre-installation of applications by Russian developers, and also describe the background for this initiative. When considering the above topics, the authors deeply analyze the relevant Russian and foreign legislation, draft laws, and the law enforcement practice of the Federal Antimonopoly Service. New approaches of the regulator to the analysis of digital markets in the framework of antitrust investigations and merger control, as well as automation of the processes of detecting antitrust violations, demand more attention from market players. Companies are encouraged to take these trends into account in their business activities, reflect them in antitrust compliance programs, as well as implement additional measures to prevent potential antitrust violations in digital markets, in particular, committed with the use of pricing algorithms.
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CARMODY, DANA. "THE T. EATON COMPANY LIMITED: A CASE ANALYSIS." Journal of Enterprising Culture 10, no. 03 (September 2002): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495802000104.
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The T Eaton company, considered the world's first department store, was named after its founder Timothy Eaton. In 1869, it as a small dry goods business in Toronto. By 1907, at the death of its founder, it was a giant retail store, with a branch in Winnipeg, alongside a country-wide mail-order business. Innovative practices established during his time included sales for cash only and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Eaton's successors extended the Eaton empire across Canada, continuing the tradition of quality goods, prices, customer service and also fair labour practices. It became a Canadian institution. Eaton's filed for protection from its creditors in February 1997 and once again in August 1999 (see Appendix 1 for a chronology of events) under the federal Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act and the Ontario Business Corporations Act (Closings). The restructuring that followed the first bankruptcy was only partially successful. However, it had a significantly positive impact on Eaton's operations, and seemed to turn things around. Were it not for bad economic news and misfortune in mid-to-late 1998 (CNW 3 and CNW 5), the plan might have worked. Store-closings, employee terminations, and a huge liquidation sale followed the second bankruptcy declared in August 1999, as did the suspension of the trading of Eaton's stock (Chron). Sears Canada Inc. agreed to purchase 16 of the Eaton's stores in September 1999 (Sears 1; Material 1). These will open by the fall of 2000 (Material 2; Sears 1). A compromise was made with Eaton's creditors (including the employees) to give them approximately $0.50 on the dollar (Olijnyk 1). A compromise was also arrived at with Eaton's shareholders whereby the latter would be given participation units in exchange for their common shares (on a one-for-one trade) (Amended; Trachuk). These participation units are to be used in a contingent and conditional settlement based upon the possible utilization of tax credits by Sears acquired as a result of Eaton's $390 million in losses since 1996 (Receivership; Amended; Trachuk). These settlement monies might or might not be realized by the former shareholders (Amended; Trachuk). Today, Eaton's is no more. In its place are many great memories by a former generation of Canadians who used to go to the Eaton's stores to buy big things that were always of high quality. "Agnes Lunn, who was visiting [Edmonton, Calgary,] from Dartmouth, N.S., said she will miss the chain because of its trustworthiness. "If you bought something from Eaton's, you knew it was worth having, you knew it would be quality," she said (Auction)." Perhaps having six of the Eaton's stores open up this fall with the Eaton's name on them will rekindle a loyalty in a new generation of Canadians?
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Kuswanto, Heri. "PENGAMBILALIHAN HAK ATAS JAMINAN (EKSEKUSI) JAMINAN FIDUSIA DAN RAHN TASJILY PERSEPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM." Media Keadilan: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmk.v10i2.2015.
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The phenomenon that occurs is related to the taking over of the right to guarantee (execution) of fiduciary security and Rahn Tasjily in the execution of executions carried out by financial institutions that do not comply with applicable laws and regulations. This research uses Normative legal methods, with qualitative descriptive analysis and critical legal studies. The results of the study that the process of taking over the right to guarantee (execution) fiduciary regulated in article 29 (1) of the fiduciary guarantee law. Among the first, execution based on Grosse fiduciary guarantee certificate or executable title (fiat execution) contained in the Fiduciary Guarantee Certificate carried out by the fiduciary recipient. Second, an execution based on the execution of separate executions through public auctions by fiduciary recipients. Third, execution by sale under the hand by the creditor fiduciary himself, and fourth, fiduciary execution by claiming. Based on Islamic law, the process of expropriation of the right to guarantee (execution) Rahn Tasjily, that the procedure for executing Marhun (collateral object), if due. Murtahin must warn Rahin to pay off her debt immediately. If the Rahin still cannot repay its debt, then Marhun is forcibly sold/executed through an auction, according to sharia. Marhun sales proceeds used to pay off debt, maintenance, and storage costs that have not paid and sales costs. The excess proceeds from the sale belong to Rahin, and the shortcomings become Rahin obligations. The execution process carried out by sharia companies must be based on fatwa no. 25/DSN-MUI/III/2002, and fatwa no. 92/ DSN-MUI/IV/2014. Positive law and Islamic law, which become normative references, have not been well understood and applied by the finance parties, causing injustice and legal uncertainty.Keywords: expropriation of rights, fiduciary guarantee, rahn tasjily ABSTRAKFenomena yang terjadi terkait pengambilalihan hak atas jaminan (eksekusi) jaminan fidusia dan rahn tasjily pada pelaksanaan eksekus yang dilakukan oleh lembaga pembiayaan tidak mematuhi aturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum Normatif, dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan studi hukum kritis. Hasil penelitian bahwa, proses pengambilalihan hak atas jaminan (eksekusi) fidusia telah diatur dalam pasal 29 (1) undang-undang jaminan fidusia. Diantaranya pertama, eksekusi berdasarkan grosse sertifikat jaminan fidusia atau titel eksekutorial (secara fiat eksekusi) yang terdapat dalam Sertifikat Jaminan Fidusia yang dilakukan oleh penerima fidusia. Kedua, eksekusi berdasarkan pelaksanaan parate eksekusi melalui pelelangan umum oleh penerima fidusia. Ketiga, eksekusi secara penjualan di bawah tangan oleh kreditor pemberi fidusia sendiri, dan keempat, eksekusi fidusia secara mendaku. Berdasarkan hukum Islam, proses pengambilalihan hak atas jaminan (eksekusi) rahn tasjily, bahwa prosedur pengeksekusisan marhun (objek jaminan), apabila jatuh tempo. Murtahin harus memperingatkan Rahin untuk segera melunasi hutangnya. Apabila rahin tetap tidak dapat melunasi hutangnya, maka marhun dijual paksa/dieksekusi melalui lelang sesuai syariah. Hasil penjualan marhun digunakan untuk melunasi utang, biaya pemeliharaan dan penyimpanan yang belum dibayar serta biaya penjualan. Kelebihan hasil penjualan menjadi milik rahin dan kekurangannya menjadi kewajiban rahin. Adapun proses eksekusi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan syariah harus berdasarkan fatwa Nomor: 25/DSN-MUI/III/2002, dan fatwa Nomor:92/DSN-MUI/IV/2014. Hukum positif dan hukum Islam yang menjadi rujukan normatif, belum difahami dan diterapkan dengan baik oleh pihak pembiayaan, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakadilan dan ketidakpastian hukum. Kata Kunci : jaminan eksekusi fidusia,pengambilalihan hak, rahn tasjily
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Mondal, Rima, and Nivisha Singh. "Managing natural monopolies: interplay of the regulator and telecom companies in India." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2020-0240.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this paper are as follows: to understand the characteristics of a natural monopoly such as telecommunications sector and impact of “network externality”; to understand the role of a regulator in maintaining a balance between competition and consolidation of telecom sector; to understand the importance of first-mover advantage in telecom sector and coping mechanism of late entrants; to understand different pricing mechanisms of “natural monopolies” that can be adopted to remain profitable; to understand social cost of price floor in telecommunications sector. Case overview/synopsis Indian telecom sector is going through a downturn where most of the private sector telecom service providers have reported huge losses, failed to pay adjusted gross revenue (AGR) dues and reported decline in average revenue per user over a period of 3–4 years. Fierce competition in the sector leads to rock bottom calling and data charges. Bharti Airtel benefitted for being the first mover in terms of market share but with entry of JIO in 2016, the service providers have entered a price war. As a result, service providers have requested Mr. R.S. Sharma, Chairman of Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) to come up with a floor on calling charges and requested the government for a bailout package. Currently, Mr. R.S. Sharma, Chairman TRAI is facing a dilemma whether to regulate and come up with a floor on calling and data charges or leave the sector for market correction. Mr. Sharma can also recommend to amend the definition of AGR. Telecommunications sector exhibit the characteristics of a natural monopoly where there is a need of a regulator to introduce “competition for the sector” and “competition in the sector.” In India, TRAI is the regulatory body responsible for introducing “competition for the sector” by auction and “competition in the sector” by deregulating calling and data charges, maintaining at least three private and one public service provider, decreasing “switching cost” of the customers, etc. The case deals with the issues of why there is a need of a regulator in natural monopolies, how different chairmen of TRAI have successfully introduced competition “for” and “in” the sector, and how Indian telecom sector went through a downturn? What should TRAI do to maintain competition in the sector? Complexity academic level The case deals with the issue of managing telecommunications sector (a natural monopoly) by a regulator in the context of India. The regulator had successfully introduced “competition in the sector” and “competition for the sector.” This led to sharp increase in subscriber base and decrease in calling and data charges. Presently, fierce competition in the sector has left the service providers cash crunched. The case deals with the dilemma faced by the chairman of the regulatory body in India on whether the regulator should come up with a price floor or market correction. Study level: MBA, Executive MBA. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 10: Public sector management.
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Zhang, Xiuxian, Xiaorong Zhu, M. A. M. Chikuvanyanga, and Meijuan Chen. "Resource sharing of mobile edge computing networks based on auction game and blockchain." EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2021, no. 1 (June 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13634-021-00735-5.
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AbstractThe edge clouds in mobile edge computing networks are isolate which may belong to different companies or organizations, and hence the communication, computation, and storage resources are not efficiently utilized. To solve this problem, we propose the resource-sharing model of edge clouds which is based on blockchain technology and auction game. In this model, the blockchain platform is regarded as the bridge of the resource sharing, composed of edge clouds, clouds, third-party spectrum and computation management, identity authentication institutions, etc. It is used to record the users’ transaction information and broadcast the intelligent terminals’ resource requirements to all edge clouds in the blockchain platform through smart contracts. Then, an optimization problem of the joint allocation of communication and computation resources is formulated to maximize the utility of intelligent terminals. And an efficient improved sealed second-price auction game is proposed to allocate communication and computation resources and determine the optimal price of resources under the intelligent terminals’ QoS constraints. Simulation results show that the model can effectively improve the system resources utilization and the successful transaction rate.
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Respawan, Made, I. K. Sudarsana, and Mayun Nadiasa. "ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PARTISIPASI DAN NILAI PENAWARAN PESERTA LELANG ELEKTRONIK (E-PROCUREMENT) JASA KONSTRUKSI DI KABUPATEN BULELENG." Jurnal Spektran 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektran.2017.v05.i01.p01.
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Abstract: Starting in 2012 the procurement of government goods/services in Buleleng done electronically (E -Procurement) to the procedure E -Tendering. In the implementation of participation and the bid price tends to decrease the auction participants both during the auction at the current conventional and electronic auctions. This study aims to determine the factors that influence participation and value of the electronic auction participants offer construction services in Buleleng, and what factors influence most dominant. The sample used in this study as many as 53 companies contracting in Buleleng that the sample collection was done by using a non probability sampling with purposive sampling and data collection using questionnaires and interviews. Data was analyzed using factor analysis. The factor analysis forms 11 new factors that influence the participation of bidders with cumulative variance 79,198%, which is made up of 42 variables. The most dominant factors, indicated by eigenvalues of 20.738 and variance of 42.323% is formed by 11 variables, namely, project location, great value for the project, environmental security project, started the project approaching the end of the year, without face-to-face opportunities to minimize collusion, corruption and nepotism, term timing of the access road to the project site, implementation of the rainy season, the terms of ISO certificate, the terms of financial support of banks and variable auctioneer. While the analysis of the factors affecting the bid price auction participants generate 10 new factors with cumulative variance 78,925%, which is made up of 43 variables. The most dominant factors indicated by eigenvalues of 22.756 and variance of 47.409% is formed by nine variables, namely, fluctuations in material prices, the return on investment, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates (dollars), the access road to the project site, the opportunity to gain a larger project, the risks of investing, the rate of inflation, more cost-effective without document printing costs and transportation costs and the ability to offer estimates.
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Dwi Putri A.T., Kurnia Martini. "STATUS HUKUM PERALIHAN HAK ATAS TANAH YANG DIPEROLEH DARI LELANG BERDASARKAN HAK MENDAHULU NEGARA." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 3 (April 3, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v10no3.790.
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AbstractTax is one of the biggest fund sources proponents in Indonesia’s development activities. Tax payment is an obligation for every Tax Subject. They would be reputed to have the debt to Country once they don’t pay the tax. Tax liability is a debt that particularly arises because of law, so it has the precedence characteristic over other debts. If a Taxpayer doesn’t pay their tax, Government can sell their valuable assets of by the auction based on State Precedence Rights. In Bandar Lampung City, land title transfer registration that is obtained by auction based on Country’s Precedence Right happened to the ownership land of a personal property on behalf of individual belonging, which became a company’s tax liability payment, and also an object of an inheritance dispute. The land title transfer registration validity then became legally questionable, because the auction object is recorded on behalf of individual ownership, not the Companies. Moreover, it was under inheritance dispute and has been blockaded at The Bandar Lampung Land Affair Office. Keywords: Country’s Precedence Rights, Auction, Land Certificate Blockage AbstrakPajak merupakan salah satu pendukung sumber dana terbesar dalam kegiatan pembangunan Indonesia. Pembayaran pajak merupakan kewajiban bagi setiap Subyek Pajak. Mereka akan dikenal memiliki utang kepada Negara setelah mereka tidak membayar pajak. Kewajiban pajak adalah utang yang sangat timbul karena hukum, sehingga memiliki karakteristik didahulukan dari hutang lainnya. Apabila Wajib Pajak tidak membayar pajak mereka, Pemerintah dapat menjual hasil aset yang bernilai tinggi oleh yang berdasarkan Hak Mendahulu Negara. Di Kota Bandar Lampung, pendaftaran tanah judul transfer yang diperoleh dengan lelang berdasarkan Hak Mendahulu Negara terjadi tanah kepemilikan properti pribadi atas nama pribadi milik, yang menjadi pembayaran kewajiban pajak perusahaan, dan juga obyek sengketa warisan. Judul tanah validitas pendaftaran pengalihan kemudian menjadi hukum dipertanyakan, karena objek lelang dicatat atas nama kepemilikan individu, bukan perusahaan. Selain itu, di bawah sengketa warisan dan telah diblokade di Kantor Pertanahan Bandar Lampung. Kata Kunci: Hak Mendahulu Negara, Lelang, Pemblokiran Sertifikat Tanah