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Bozeman, John Kenneth. "An audiometric test for object perception abilities for use with individuals who are blind and hearing impaired /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Possani, Lissi Nara Amaral. "Estudo da prevalência e das características do zumbido em trabalhadores expostos ao ruído ocupacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7309.
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Introdução: O zumbido é definido como uma sensação auditiva ilusória sem a presença de um som externo. Acomete homens e mulheres, mais comumente entre 40 e 70 anos de idade, às vezes podendo ocorrer em crianças. Análises de dados epidemiológicos indicam que a exposição ao ruído é uma das causas mais comuns de zumbido. Objetivos: Os objetivos gerais deste estudo foram verificar a prevalência do zumbido em trabalhadores expostos ao ruído ocupacional e avaliar a freqüência e a intensidade do zumbido. Os objetivos específicos foram avaliar a gravidade do zumbido; analisar a presença do zumbido por sexo, cor, idade e tempo de trabalho com exposição ao ruído e analisar a relação do zumbido com as freqüências mais acometidas na audiometria e com a presença e grau da perda auditiva, independente do nexo da perda. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal para o qual foram selecionados 362 prontuários de trabalhadores expostos a ruído ocupacional ≥80dB(NA)/8h diárias. Estes trabalhadores haviam sido submetidos a meatoscopia, anamnese clínica e ocupacional, audiometria de via aérea, avaliação de freqüência e intensidade do zumbido e à escala de avaliação da gravidade do zumbido. Conclusão: A prevalência do zumbido foi de 9,9%. Nas análises de regressão conclui-se que trabalhadores com presença de perda auditiva em pelo menos um dos ouvidos têm 2,396 vezes mais chances de ter zumbido quando comparados com os que não tem perda auditiva. Os trabalhadores com faixa etária acima ou igual a 30 anos tem 5,353 vezes mais chances de ter perda auditiva em pelo menos um dos ouvidos quando comparados com os de faixa etária menor que 30 anos. Com relação ao tempo de trabalho em contato com o ruído, a analise estatística revela que trabalhadores com diferença de 1 ano no tempo de trabalho em contato com ruído tem um risco 5,3 % (OR=1,053) maior de apresentar perda auditiva.Background: Tinnitus is an auditory phantom sensation experienced when no external sound is present. It occurs in both men and women, and is more prevalent between the age of 40 and 70; however, it may also occur in children. Analyses of epidemiologic data indicate that exposure to noise is its most common cause. Object: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus in noise-exposed workers. Its specific objectives were to evaluate the severity of tinnitus, to compare the presence of tinnitus with the individual’s sex, race, age, and time of exposure to noise in the workplace, and to analyze the relation between tinnitus and the most affected frequencies in audiometric tests as well as the presence and level of hearing loss. Materials and Methods: The present was a cross-sectional study for which 362 files of workers exposed to noise (≥80dB(A)/8h per day) were selected. These workers had undergone otoscopy, clinical and occupational anamnesis, audiometric test of ear conduction, and an investigation of frequency, intensity, and severity of tinnitus. Conclusion: The prevalence of tinnitus found was 9.9%. After logistic regression analyses, it was concluded that workers with hearing loss in at least one ear have 2.396 times more chance of having tinnitus than those who do not have hearing loss. Workers aged 30 or older have 5.353 times more chance of having hearing loss in at least one ear than those younger than 30. As to time of exposure to noise in the workplace, statistical analysis showed that workers with a difference of 1 year in time of exposure to noise have a 5.3% (OR=1.053) higher risk of suffering hearing loss.
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Weiss, Martin. "Computer assisted audiometric evaluation system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25671.
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A computer-based audiometric evaluation system has been developed. The system makes use of an IBM PC/XT/AT compatible personal computer to perform pure tone and speech tests and · comprises a plug-in card and custom software. The card contains pure tone and masking noise generators, together with amplifiers for a. set of headphones .and bone conduction transducer, patient and audiologist microphone amplifiers and a hand-held infra-red remote-control unit. A voice-operated gain-adjusting device on the audiologist's microphone eliminates the need for a sound pressure level meter during speech tests. The software-based user-interface makes use.of overlaid pop-up menus, context sensitive assistance.and a text editor on a graphics screen. Pure tone and speech data are acquired and displayed on a dynamic audiogram and speech discrimination gram respectively. This data may be stored and later retrieved from a patient data base. Further audiometric tests may be incorporated at a later stage.
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Portilho, Edsel Freitas. "Estudo e desenvolvimento de uma fonte sonora com direcionamento controlado, voltado para exames de audiometria /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153146.
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Orientador: João Antônio PereiraResumo: O presente trabalho trata do estudo de uma fonte acústica com direcionamento sonoro controlado. A proposta envolve o desenvolvimento do projeto de um equipamento de teste para uso biomédico na aplicação e análises fonoaudiológicas, em que é proposto o dimensionamento de uma fonte acústica direcional, com adequada isolação e direcionamento do som emitido em relação ao posicionamento do ouvido do paciente, para ser usada dentro de um ambiente acusticamente isolado, dimensionado para permitir os testes, treinamentos e análise dos exames fonoaudiológicos relativos às percepções espaciais binaurais.
Abstract: The present work deals with the study of an acoustic source with controlled sound direction. The proposal involves the development of design a test equipment for biomedical use in the application and phonoaudiological analyzes, in which it is proposed dimensioning of a directional acoustic source, with adequate isolation and directness of the of the emitted sound in relation to the positioning of patient's ear, To be used within an acoustically isolated environment, sized to allow the testing, training and analysis of speech-language pathology examinations related to binaural spatial perceptions.
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Al, Matar Waseem. "Speech Audiometry: Arabic Word Recognition Test for Adults." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1627046045659542.
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Goemans, Brian. "Audiometry environment remote control system to assist in paedo-audiometry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25810.
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蕭鈺銘 and Yuk-hing Doris Shuk. "Cantonese version of the Amsterdam inventory for auditory disability and handicap (AIADH-c): test-retestreliability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41548115.
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Shuk, Yuk-hing Doris. "Cantonese version of the Amsterdam inventory for auditory disability and handicap (AIADH-c) test-retest reliability /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41548115.
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Alegría, Francisca, Marcia Navarrete, Yasna Papic, and Bugueño Ana Salazar. "Comparación de metodología ascendente y descendente para la búsqueda de umbral en audiometría tonal." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110617.
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Sanches, Seisse Gabriela Gandolfi. "Função coclear e resolução temporal em indivíduos com zumbido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-29042009-144848/.
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Introdução: O zumbido pode estar, em muitos casos, relacionado a alguma causa coclear, agindo como o início de processos dentro do sistema nervoso, resultando na sua percepção. Estudos recentes apontam que alterações cocleares podem prejudicar o mecanismo de compressão coclear, o que, por sua vez, pode comprometer a habilidade de resolução temporal envolvida no processamento auditivo. Quando a função coclear está preservada, o desempenho nas tarefas de processamento auditivo será mais eficiente. Para avaliar o grau do comprometimento coclear, informações sobre o limiar de emissões otoacústicas e o efeito de compressão coclear, ambos estimados pelas curvas de crescimento de emissões otoacústicas, aliados às medidas dos limiares auditivos para altas freqüências entre 9 e 20 kHz, contribuem na avaliação da função coclear em indivíduos que apresentem limiares auditivos dentro da normalidade na audiometria convencional. O estudo desta condição periférica e a sua influência sobre a habilidade auditiva de resolução temporal podem contribuir para a compreensão da percepção auditiva em indivíduos com zumbido e audição normal. Objetivo: verificar as medidas das Emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção (EOAPD), dos limiares auditivos para altas freqüências (acima de 8 kHz), e a habilidade auditiva de resolução temporal, avaliada por meio do teste GIN (Gaps-in-noise), em adultos que apresentam limiares auditivos dentro da normalidade, com e sem queixa de zumbido. Método: Participaram do estudo um total de 48 adultos, com limiares auditivos entre 0,25 e 8 kHz dentro da normalidade, compondo 2 grupos: Grupo Controle formado por 28 sujeitos (55 orelhas), sem queixa de zumbido, com idades entre 22 e 40 anos (média 28,8), sendo 10 homens e 18 mulheres; e o Grupo Pesquisa formado por 20 indivíduos (40 orelhas) que apresentavam queixa de zumbido, com idades entre 21 e 56 anos (média 33,8 anos), sendo 3 homens e 17 mulheres. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a: audiometria tonal nas freqüências de 8 a 20 kHz; medidas de EOAPD com obtenção do DP-grama e da curva de crescimento; Teste GIN. Resultados: Para as curvas de crescimento das EOAPD, houve diferença significante entre os grupos, sendo que o grupo com zumbido apresentou limiares mais elevados em 2002 Hz. As medidas do DP-grama apresentaram amplitude de respostas menores para o grupo de indivíduos com zumbido em relação ao grupo Controle, sendo que esta diferença foi significante em 6006 Hz. Os limiares tonais para freqüências entre 9 kHz e 20 kHz foram significativamente mais elevados para os indivíduos com zumbido. Os resultados do teste GIN mostraram menor porcentagem de acertos e limiares de identificação do intervalo de silêncio mais longos para os indivíduos com zumbido em relação ao grupo Controle. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com zumbido, mesmo apresentando limiares auditivos dentro da normalidade, apresentaram alterações nas EOAPD e na audiometria em freqüências acima de 8 kHz, sugerindo alteração coclear. O teste GIN identificou dificuldade na habilidade auditiva de resolução temporal nos indivíduos com zumbido.Introduction: In many cases tinnitus may be related to some cochlear cause, acting as the beginning of processes within the nervous system which will result in its perception. Recent studies point out that cochlear alterations may damage the cochlear compression mechanism, which may hinder the temporal processing skill that is involved in the auditory processing. When the cochlear function is preserved, the performance in auditory processing tasks is more efficient. Information on otoacoustic emissions threshold and on cochlear compression effect, both estimated by the DP-growth of otoacoustic emissions, associated to extended high-frequency hearing thresholds, contribute for the assessment of the cochlear function in individuals with normal hearing thresholds in the conventional audiometry. The investigation of this peripheral condition and its influence upon the auditory skill of temporal resolution may contribute for the understanding of hearing perception in individuals with tinnitus and with normal hearing. Aim: to investigate measures of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), extended high-frequency hearing thresholds, and the temporal resolution using the GIN (Gaps-in-noise) test in adults with normal hearing thresholds with and without tinnitus complaint. Method: 48 adults with normal hearing thresholds at frequencies from 0,25 to 8 kHz took part in this study, divided into two groups: Control Group composed by 28 subjects (55 ears) without tinnitus complaint, ranging in age from 22 to 40 years (mean age= 28,8), 10 men and 18 women; and Study Group composed by 20 individuals (40 ears) with tinnitus complaint, ranging in age from 21 to 56 years (mean age = 33,8), 3 men and 17 women. Subjects underwent extended high-frequency audiometry; DPOAE evaluation obtaining the DP-gram and the DP-growth; and the GIN test. Results: There was a statistical significant difference between the groups for the DP-growth, the tinnitus group presented higher thresholds at 2002 Hz. DP-gram measures presented lower amplitude responses in the tinnitus group when compared to the Control group; this difference was statistically significant at 6006 Hz. Hearing thresholds for frequencies between 9 kHz and 20 kHz were statistically higher in individuals with tinnitus. Results of the GIN test showed lower percentage of correct responses and longer time interval for identification of gaps in noise for individuals with tinnitus than for individuals from the Control group. Conclusion: Individuals with tinnitus, even presenting normal hearing thresholds, present altered DPOAE and extended high-frequency audiometry suggesting cochlear impairment. The GIN test identified difficulty in the auditory skill of temporal resolution in individuals with tinnitus.
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Buzo, Byanka Cagnacci. "Zumbido: estudo dos mecanismos cocleares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-27032013-100829/.
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Introdução: O zumbido pode ser definido como a percepção consciente de um som, sem a participação de uma fonte sonora externa. A presença isolada do zumbido, sem a perda auditiva associada sugere que o mesmo pode ser o primeiro sintoma de alterações cocleares que somente serão percebidas depois do aparecimento da perda. Considerando que o zumbido está frequentemente relacionado a disfunções cocleares e mais especificamente a alterações nas células ciliadas, e que nesse caso as funções desempenhadas por elas podem estar comprometidas em algum grau, é possível que alterações nos mecanismos cocleares em pacientes com limiares auditivos ditos normais e queixa de zumbido sejam encontradas. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar as diferenças entre as respostas cocleares em mensurações eletroacústicas e psicoacústicas em indivíduos sem perda auditiva, com e sem queixa de zumbido. Método: Participaram do estudo 57 indivíduos com limiares audiométricos dentro dos padrões de normalidade, divididos em dois grupos: grupo-controle composto por 41 sujeitos (81 orelhas) sem queixa de zumbido, e grupo-zumbido composto por 16 sujeitos (31 orelhas) com queixa de zumbido. Os sujeitos foram submetidos à pesquisa das Curvas de Crescimento das Emissões Otoacústicas Produto de Distorção, pesquisa das Curvas Psicofísicas de Sintonia e aplicação do teste TEN. Resultados: Para as CC-EOAPD somente foi observada diferença estatística nas curvas de 3000 e 6000 Hz, para L2=45 dBNPS e L2=55 dBNPS, respectivamente. Para as curvas psicofísicas de sintonia, foram observadas diferenças estatísticas localizadas nas extremidades das curvas, isto é, para a CPS de 2000 Hz com ruído de 6000 e 8000, para a CPS de 3000 Hz, para 8000 Hz, para a CPS de 4000 Hz para o ruído de 2000 e 8000 Hz e para as CPS de 6000 e 8000 Hz para os ruídos de 3000 e 2000 Hz. Para o teste TEN, não foi encontrada presença de zonas mortas da cóclea, entretanto foi observado padrão diferente entre os grupos, caracterizado pelo limiar na presença de ruído ipsilateral estatisticamente mais elevado no grupo-zumbido do que no grupo-controle. Conclusão: Foi observado que apesar de audiologicamente normais, os grupos apresentam desempenhos estatisticamente distintos nos testes aplicados, principalmente nas Curvas Psicofísicas de Sintonia e no teste TEN, evidenciando funcionamentos cocleares diferentes que, possivelmente, comprometem em algum grau os mecanismos cocleares, principalmente a seletividade de frequênciaIntroduction: Tinnitus can be defined as the conscious perception of a sound without the participation of an external sound source. The association between tinnitus and hearing loss has been well described. The isolated presence of tinnitus, without hearing loss, suggests that it may be the first symptom of cochlear dysfunctions that will be noticed only after the emergence of the hearing loss. Whereas tinnitus is often related to cochlear dysfunction, specifically in hair cells, their mechanisms could be impaired to some degree. Thus, patients with normal hearing and tinnitus, could show some dysfunctions in cochlear mechanisms. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between the cochlear responses in electroacoustic and psychoacoustic measurements in subjects with normal hearing, with and without tinnitus. Method: The study included 57 subjects with audiometric thresholds within normal limits, divided into two groups: control group consisted of 41 subjects (81 ears) without tinnitus and tinnitus group consisted of 16 subjects (31 ears) with tinnitus. The subjects were tested for DPOAE-I/O functions, Psychophysical Tuning Curves (PTC) and TEN test. Results: For DPOAE-I/O only statistical difference was observed in the curves of 3000 and 6000 Hz, for L2 = 45 dBSPL and L2 = 55 dBSPL respectively. For the psychophysical tuning curves, statistical differences were observed at the ends of the curves, i.e. for the PTC 2000 Hz with noise 6000 and 8000 to 3000 PTC Hz to 8000 Hz to 4000 Hz PTC for noise 2000 and 8000 Hz and the PTC 6000 and 8000 Hz for the noise of 3000 Hz and 2000 TEN For the TEN test, there were no presence of \"dead regions in the cochlea,\" however different pattern was observed among groups, characterized by the presence of noise threshold ipsilateral statistically higher in the tinnitus group than the control group. Conclusion: We found that despite normal hearing, the groups have statistically different performances in the test applied, especially in psychophysical tuning curves and the TEN test, showing that different runs cochlear possibly commit to some degree the cochlear mechanisms, mainly the frequency selectivity
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BENE, JEAN-MARIE. "Interet du test de rimes dans l'evaluation de l'intelligibilite en presence de bruit masquant." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M046.
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Carr, Patricia I. "Development of an Audiological Test Procedure Manual for First Year Au.D. Students." Scholar Commons, 2001. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1535.
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A student manual of audiological procedures with accompanying laboratory assignments does not presently exist at the University of South Florida (USF). In the first year of the four year Au.D. program at USF, students are enrolled in Audiology Laboratory Clinic I, II, and III, in consecutive semesters. Groups of four to six students meet weekly for a 3-1/2 hour clinical laboratory session to receive training in test instruction, test procedures, test application, and test interpretation. The purpose of the first year Audiology laboratory clinic sessions is to prepare the student for clinical experience in year two of the Au.D program at USF. In preparation for these laboratory sessions, it was discovered that materials related to test procedures are currently scattered throughout a variety of texts, journals, manuals, educational software, videos, and web sites. No one source contains all the needed information on any given test procedure. In addition, specific procedures outlined in documents [American Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)] are not consistently used by the different sources. Thus, there is no standard procedural manual containing laboratory assignments that lead to the development of appropriate clinical testing skills by a first year Au.D student. A standard test procedural manual for pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and immittance testing, with assignments, was developed to assist in the cultivation of the students testing skills. The manual contains test history, purposes, procedures, scoring guidelines, interpretations, and limitations for each test. Laboratory assignments include practice exercises using a computer simulator, classmates, and volunteers. Each assignment is accompanied by discussion questions to enhance and augment student understanding. A reference list is available to obtain further information on each topic area. This manual will be made available to the first year Au.D student as well as to the advanced Au.D student who would benefit from an all-inclusive, updateable source providing the best possible clinical procedures. The final product will be available for a fee in a notebook type format to allow for the inclusion of additional topics and updates as the standards of practice in Audiology change.
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Gotorbe, Fabienne. "Les tests audiométriques chez l'enfant." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P207.
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Cheung, M. K., and 張文娟. "Prediction of hearing thresholds: a comparison of Chinese hearing in noise test and cortical evokedresponse audiometry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30476719.
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陳霞 and Har Chan. "Test-retest reliability of tone-burst evoked otoacoustic emissions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251006.
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Chan, Har. "Test-retest reliability of tone-burst evoked otoacoustic emissions /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19819250.
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Kelley, Kairn Stetler. "Dichotic Listening Test Performance In Children." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/707.
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Dichotic tests evaluate binaural integration through simultaneous presentation of different stimuli to each ear of a listener who has normal hearing sensitivity in both ears. Dichotic listening deficits may lead to problems with language, communication, reading, or academic performance. If accurately identified, dichotic deficits may be treatable with listening training or managed with accommodation. However, it is not clear which of several commercially-available dichotic test recordings are best for audiologists to use when assessing binaural integration in children. Literature review revealed limited evidence of reliability, accuracy, usefulness, or value for dichotic tests applied to children. Of 11 dichotic tests identified, five reported some evidence of test-retest reliability. Correlation between results on repeated administration was moderate to good (r=0.59 to 0.92). Evidence of accuracy was identified for 5 tests but was not generalizable due to significant limitations in study design. No evidence was found to either support or dispute claims of usefulness or value. Since reliability is a necessary prerequisite for good test performance, we sought to directly compare test-retest reliability for three dichotic measures: SCAN-3 Competing Words (CW), Musiek's Double Dichotic Digits (DD-M), and Bergen Dichotic Listening Test with Consonant-Vowel Syllables (CV-B). Sixty English-speaking children, 7-14 years old with normal hearing, had a single study-visit during which each test was administered twice. Changes on retest were compared to binomial model predictions, summarized by within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and compared among tests. Correlates of variance were explored. All 3 tests had reliability within bounds predicted by binomial model. Forty-item scores were more reliable (Sw=5%) than those based on 20-30 items (Sw=6-8%). No associations between participant characteristics and reliability were found. CW and DD-M were evaluated for evidence of agreement and decision consistency. Although participants were rank ordered similarly by right ear (ρ = 0.58), left ear (ρ = 0.51) and total (ρ = 0.73) scores, the tests did not agree on ranking by inter-aural asymmetry (ρ =0.18). CW and DD-M did not agree on direction of ear advantage (κ = 0.01, p = 0.93) and had poor agreement on which children displayed dichotic deficits (κ = 0.22, p < 0.01). DD identified significantly more participants with deficits (n=18) than CW (n=3) (p < 0.001). Although dichotic procedures show moderate reliability, their precision is limited. Assessment of their accuracy is limited by the absence of a widely-accepted gold standard reference test, but two commonly used tests failed to agree on which children had deficits. The data do not yet support routine clinical use of dichotic tests of binaural integration with children. Additional research is needed to determine if there are any conditions under which dichotic procedures demonstrate usefulness or value.
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Leung, Kam-po Kenneth, and 梁錦波. "Development of the Cantonese hearing in noise test for children (CHINT-C)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29152112.
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Allard, Bradley James. "The Use of the California Consonant Test and the Northwestern University Auditory Test no. 6 in Hearing Aid Evaluations for Individuals with Precipitous Losses Above 1 kHz." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3953.
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These two joint-studies used recorded versions of the Northwestern University Auditory Test Number 6 (NU-6) and the California Consonant Test (CCT) in the hearing aid evaluations (HAEs) of 12 male and one female subjects, aged 41 to 87 years. They exhibited precipitous high frequency losses beyond 1 kHz in at least one ear. All subjects were evaluated without amplification and while monaurally aided with two conventional high pass hearing aids. Ten of the subjects were evaluated in multi-talker noise and 11 were tested in quiet. Since the CCT was more heavily weighted than the NU-6 with target phonemes sensitive to high frequency losses, it was hypothesized that the CCT might be more sensitive than the NU-6 to significant differences between aided and/or unaided performances of these particularly high frequency impaired subjects.
The data collected in noise and in quiet was analyzed separately with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. No significant differences were found in noise or quiet between the aided performances on either the CCT or the NU-6. The NU-6 in noise, however, revealed significant degrees of aided improvement at the .01 level of confidence that the CCT did not. The addition of noise seemed to make the CCT too difficult for these subjects. In quiet, both tests seemed to be as equally sensitive in revealing significant aided improvement at the .01 level of confidence. The lower mean CCT scores in quiet, however, seemed to indicate that if unaided NU-6 performances are too high to allow for significant aided improvement or significant differences between aids, the more time consuming CCT might be appropriate.
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Theunissen, Marianne. "Development of an Afrikaans test for sentence recognition in noise." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12152008-131712.
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Schairer, Kim, Elizabeth Kolberg, Douglas H. Keefe, Denis Fitzpatrick, Daniel Putterman, and Patrick Feeney. "Automated Wideband Acoustic Reflex Threshold Test." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1803.
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Acoustic reflex thresholds (ARTs) are used clinically as a cross check for behavioral results and as a measure of 7th and 8th cranial nerve function. In clinical test batteries, ARTs are measured as a change in middle ear admittance of a pure tone probe in the presence of a pure tone or broadband noise (BBN) reflex activator. ARTs measured using a wideband probe may yield lower thresholds because the criterion change for 'present' reflexes can be observed across a range of frequencies rather than at a single frequency. ARTs were elicited in a group of 25 adults with normal hearing using a 226-Hz probe and a wideband (250 to 8000 Hz) probe, and activators of 500, 1000, and 2000-Hz and broadband noise (BBN). Wideband ARTs were estimated using an automated adaptive method. Lower mean ARTs were obtained for the wideband method compared to the clinical method by as much as 5-10 dB for tonal activators and 15 dB for BBN. Clinical benefits of lower ARTs include reduced activator levels during threshold estimation, and present rather than absent responses in some ears with absent ART using the clinical method. Results are encouraging for the automated adaptive ART procedure.
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Lima, Leydiane Castro de. "Utilização do princípio do cross-check num conjunto de exames na avaliação audiológica infantil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11961.
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Introduction: The development of early identification of hearing loss programs increases the number of children who need hearing assessment in a very early age. For this reason, there is the need to incorporate in the clinical routine a battery of audiological tests in order to assess hearing loss in different age groups. Objective: To describe the cross-check principle in a battery of tests proposed for infants and young children audiological evaluation; describe the subjects hearing tests results in a Hearing Care Service, and analyze the results of different tests when used together, according to the cross-check principle. Methods: This study was designed as descriptive, retrospective, qualitative and quantitative. A survey of the records of children enrolled in the diagnostic sector in the period August to December 2011, the audiological evaluation process. From a total of 62 records, we selected 30 that were in accordance with the selection criteria. Data analysis consisted of descriptive analysis and agreement by Kappa. Results: The age at the start of audiological diagnosis ranged from one to 44 months, with a mean of 17.8. There was a higher prevalence in the age group of 13 and 24 months (36.7%). In 50.1% of children, the diagnosis was completed in six weeks. When comparing the results of each test with the diagnostic conclusion, we observed that there was agreement in 64% of the results when compared with tympanometry, 92% with transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions stimulation with 100% Behavioral Audiometry and Brain-stem Auditory Evoked Potential. When analyzed together, there was strong agreement (kappa = 0.88) between the results of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions and Behavioral Audiometry. In 92% of cases, otoacoustic emissions agreed with the results of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential. There was agreement in 100% of cases, compared with the Brain-stem Auditory Evoked Potential to Behavioral Audiometry. Conclusion: Behavioral Audiometry and Brain-stem Auditory Evoked Potential significantly agreed with the diagnosis. When the principle Cross-check within the set of tests was used, the transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions and Brain-stem Auditory Evoked Potential were most in agreement when analyzed with other tests. A battery of tests and the application of Principle Cross-check proved relevant in the assessment of children, having significant effects on the accuracy and reliability in the diagnosis of hearing loss
Introdução: O desenvolvimento de programas de identificação precoce permite que crianças cada vez menores sejam encaminhadas para avaliação diagnóstica, demandando a necessidade de se incorporar, na rotina clinica, um conjunto de exames audiológicos para avaliar a perda auditiva nas diferentes faixas etárias. Objetivo: Caracterizar a população de um Serviço de Referência de Saúde Auditiva; Analisar os resultados dos diferentes testes quando utilizados em conjunto e descrever a utilização do princípio do cross-check no conjunto de exames da avaliação audiológica infantil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, qualitativo e quantitativo. Foram incluídos 30 prontuários de crianças com idade do nascimento aos 3 anos, que haviam realizado dois ou mais dos exames audiológicos. A análise dos dados foi constituída de análise descritiva e de concordância por meio da estatística Kappa Resultados: A idade no início do diagnóstico audiológico variou de um a 44 meses, com média de 17,8. Houve maior prevalência da faixa etária de 13 e 24 meses (36,7%). Em 50,1% das crianças, o diagnóstico foi concluído em seis semanas. Quando comparado os resultados de cada teste com a conclusão diagnóstica, observou-se que houve concordância em 64% dos resultados quando comparado com a Timpanometria; 92% com as Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas por estímulo transiente (EOAET) e 100% com a Audiometria Comportamental e o Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE). Quando analisados conjuntamente, houve forte concordância (Kappa=0,88) entre os resultados das EOAET e a Audiometria Comportamental. Em 92% dos casos, as EOAET concordaram com os resultados do PEATE. Houve concordância em 100% dos casos, quando comparado o PEATE com a Audiometria Comportamental. Conclusão: É fundamental a utilização de um conjunto de exames ao avaliar auditivamente uma criança, tendo em vista que cada um dos testes fornecem informações de regiões específicas do sistema auditivo, havendo, portanto, também a necessidade de se utilizar um protocolo que contenha pelo menos um exame que seja Padrão-Ouro, quer seja a Audiometria e/ou PEATE de acordo com a faixa etária; e que a aplicação do Princípio do Cross-check é essencial na Avaliação Audiológica Infantil, uma vez que observou-se que nenhum procedimento pode ser considerado conclusivo ou repetitivo. Contudo, o cruzamento das informações dos diferentes testes mostram precisão e confiabilidade no diagnóstico da perda auditiva
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Bosman, Riëtte. "Threshold estimation in normal and impaired ears using Auditory Steady State Responses." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10282004-080444.
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Campêlo, Victor Eulálio Sousa. "Teleaudiometria: um método de baixo custo para triagem auditiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-02062009-102026/.
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Introdução: Os benefícios da triagem auditiva neonatal e em escolares têm sido bem demonstrados, porém a disponibilização de programas de triagem auditiva tem sido restrita aos grandes centros, devido à escassez de equipamentos e profissionais especializados na maioria das localidades nos países em desenvolvimento. Para atingir estes objetivos, algumas iniciativas têm utilizado a telemedicina em diferentes soluções. No entanto, não existem relatos na literatura de métodos para avaliação auditiva à distância em que não se utiliza um periférico específico no ponto remoto, nem tampouco sem a necessidade de um profissional especializado de forma presencial ou remotamente. Objetivos: a) Desenvolver um método de triagem à distância para identificação de indivíduos com perda auditiva; b) Testar sua acurácia e compará-lo ao teste de audiometria de triagem (AV) sem cabine acústica. Material e Métodos: o novo método de triagem, denominado telaudiometria (TA), consiste em um software próprio desenvolvido, instalado em um computador com fone TDH 39. Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente entre pacientes e acompanhantes do Hospital das Clínicas, 73 pessoas entre 17 e 50 anos, sendo 42 (57,5%) do sexo feminino. Após serem submetidos a um questionário de sintomas e otoscopia, os indivíduos realizavam os testes de telaudiometria e audiometria de triagem com varredura em 20 dB nas freqüências de 1, 2 e 4 kHz seguindo o protocolo da ASHA (1997) e ao teste padrão-ouro de audiometria de tons puros em cabine acústica em ordem aleatória. Resultados: a TA durou em média 125 ± 11 s e a AV, 65 ± 18 s. Observou-se que 69 pessoas (94,5%) declararam ter achado fácil ou muito fácil realizar a TA e 61 (83,6%) consideraram fácil ou muito fácil a AV. Os resultados da acurácia da TA e AV foram respectivamente: sensibilidade (86,7% / 86,7%), especificidade (75,9% / 72,4%) e valor preditivo negativo (95,7% / 95,5%), valor preditivo positivo (48,1% / 55,2%). Conclusão: A teleaudiometria mostrou-se uma boa opção como método de triagem auditiva, apresentando acurácia próxima da audiometria de triagem. Em comparação a este método, a telaudiometria apresentou sensibilidade semelhante, maiores especificidade, valor preditivo negativo e tempo de duração e menor valor preditivo positivo.Introduction: Hearing deficiency interferes with the perception and recognition of speech. The benefits of auditory screening in newborns and schoolchildren have been well demonstrated. However, in developing countries, the availability of auditory screening programs has been restricted to larger facilities, due to the scarcity of equipment and specialized professionals in the majority of areas. Objectives: To develop a method of remote screening for the identification of individuals with hearing loss, as well as to determine its accuracy in comparison with that of sweep audiometry without a sound-treated booth. Design: The new screening method, designated teleaudiometry, consists of its own newly developed computer program, installed on a computer with supra-aural headphones attached. The study participants were randomly selected from among patients and their companions at the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine Hospital das Clínicas, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. We selected 73 individuals between 17 and 50 years of age, 42 (57.5%) of whom were female. After completing a symptoms questionnaire and being submitted to otoscopy, the participants underwent teleaudiometry and sweep audiometry with a sweep of 20 dB at the frequencies of 1, 2 and 4 kHz following the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association protocol, as well as the gold-standard test of pure tone audiometry in sound-treated booth, in random order. Results: The teleaudiometry lasted, on average, 125 ± 11 sec, compared with 65 ± 18 sec for sweep audiometry. Of the 73 participants, 69 (94.5%) found it easy or quite easy to perform the teleaudiometry, compared with 61 (83.6%) for the sweep audiometry. Teleaudiometry and sweep audiometry presented, respectively, the following: sensitivity of 86.7% and 86.7%; specificity of 75.9% and 72.4%; a negative predictive value of 95.7% and 95.5%; and a positive predictive value of 48.1% and 55.2%. Conclusions: Teleaudiometry proved to be a viable option as a method of auditory screening, presenting accuracy similar to that of sweep audiometry. The use of teleaudiometry could increase the number of identified cases of hearing loss, thereby allowing more timely treatment of such cases in underserved populations
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Guedes, Ana Paula de Souza. ""Audiometria de altas freqüências em indivíduos com audição normal entre 250 e 8.000 Hz com e sem queixa de zumbido"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-13102005-160813/.
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Indivíduos com audição normal entre 250 e 8.000 Hz podem apresentar zumbido. Além da avaliação audiológica convencional, a audiometria de altas freqüências tem sido aplicada nestes casos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os limiares de audibilidade nas altas freqüências em indivíduos com audição normal entre 250 e 8.000 Hz com e sem queixa de zumbido. A pesquisa foi realizada em 33 indivíduos com zumbido e 33 sem zumbido. Houve piora estatisticamente significante entre os limiares de audibilidade dos indivíduos com zumbido em relação aos indivíduos sem zumbido para as seguintes freqüências: 9.000, 10.000, 12.500, 14.000, 16.000, 18.000 e 20.000 HzSubjects with normal hearing between 250 and 8.000 Hz may show tinnitus. Beyond the conventional audiological evaluation, the high frequency audiometry has been applied in these cases. The research's goal was to evaluate the audibility thresholds in high frequencies in subjects with normal hearing between 250 and 8.000 Hz with and with no tinnitus complaint. The research was carried through in 33 individuals with tinnitus and 33 with no tinnitus. A significant statistical worsening occurred between hearing thresholds of subjects with tinnitus with relation to subjects with no tinnitus for the following frequencies: 9.000, 10.000, 12.500, 14.000, 16.000, 18.000 and 20.000 Hz
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Black, John Henry. "Evaluation of the Welch Allen Microtympanometer compared to conventional examination methods : the effect of general anaesthesia on microtympanograms and middle ear effusions : the use of tympanometry in pre-school audiological screening programme." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26246.
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1) Test the accuracy of the Welch Allyn Microtympanometer against standard tympanometry. 2) Correlate preoperative clinical findings with: • Microtympanometry • Standard tympanometry 3) Assess influence of induction by gas anaesthesia on: • Post-induction microtympanometry • Intraoperative myringotomy findings 4) Assess the practicality of using the Welch Allyn Microtympanometer as a screening tool in Pre-School audiological testing.
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Nguyen, Quoc-Dung [Verfasser], Coninx [Gutachter] Frans, and Greisbach [Gutachter] Reinhold. "Designs of Speech Audiometric Tests in Vietnamese – The Issues of Normative Values, Dialectal Effects, and Tonal Patterns / Quoc-Dung Nguyen ; Gutachter: Coninx Frans, Greisbach Reinhold." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139117084/34.
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Schmulian, Dunay Liezel. "The prediction of hearing thresholds with dichotic multiple frequency state evoked potentials compared to an auditory brainstem response protocol." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172005-155041.
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Roets, Rozelle. "Spraakoudiometrie in Suid-Afrika ideale kriteria teenoor kliniese praktyk /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10302006-153701.
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Grange, Meghan Elizabeth. "Test-retest Reliability in Word Recognition Testing in Subjects with Varying Levels of Hearing Loss." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3480.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of digitally recorded word recognition materials. Word recognition testing is included in a complete audiological evaluation to measure an individual's ability to discriminate what they hear. A phonetically balanced list of 50 monosyllabic words was presented to each participant at four different sensation levels (SL) using the American Speech Language Hearing Association recommended protocol for word recognition score testing. Each participant took a 10 minute break before the test was readministered. Participants included 40 subjects with varying levels of hearing loss, from normal hearing to severe hearing loss. The test and retest scores of all participants were analyzed to estimate the test-retest reliability to be .65 at 10 dB SL, .87 at 20 dB SL, .88 at 30 dB SL, and .95 at 40 dB SL. It was concluded that the word lists have strong test-retest reliability at 20, 30, and 40 dB SL and that the reliability increases as the presentation level increases.
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Keung, Kon-him, and 姜幹謙. "Adaptation of Cantonese Hearing in Noise Test (CHINT) scoring methods for testing in cochlear implant patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44489328.
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Dye, Amy. "Comparison of Selected Pure-Tone and Speech Tests in Predicting Hearing Handicap." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500231/.
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This study assessed the effective use of pure-tone testing versus speech testing as used to predict the degree of hearing handicap experienced by an individual. Twenty-one subjects over the age of 65 were tested. Each subject was administered the following test battery: spondee threshold; a pure-tone evaluation, including air and bone conduction; Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test; Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) test; NU-6 for speech discrimination; establishment of most comfortable listening level (MCL) and loudness discomfort listening level (LDL); immittance testing including tympanograms, acoustic reflex thresholds, and reflex decay.
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Sincock, Brenna Peggy. "Clinical applicability of adaptive speech testing : a comparison of the administration time, accuracy, efficiency and reliability of adaptive speech tests with conventional speech audiometry." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2157.
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Adaptive procedures are a common method of investigating sensory abilities in research settings; however, their use in clinical settings is more limited. Little research has been done investigating the implementation of adaptive procedures into Audiological speech tests, and to date, no studies have compared and evaluated adaptive speech tests with current clinical speech audiometry. This study investigated the advantages of using both closed-set and openset adaptive speech tests in the clinical Audiology setting, with respect to administration time, accuracy, efficiency and reliability. Preliminary testing of the two major adaptive procedures (staircase and maximum-likelihood procedures) was conducted using a selection of different parameters chosen on the basis of the results of previous research (Kaernbach, 1991; García- Pérez, 1998) to determine the optimal procedures and parameters for use in clinical speech tests. Focus was given to the staircase procedures, with comparisons made between tests using variations in step size – constant step sizes and larger step sizes at the beginning – and different termination criteria. It was found that both adaptive closed-set staircase tests (with both step size variations) performed similarly, whereas the adaptive open-set staircase test with larger step sizes at the beginning showed advantages over the equivalent constant step size test in terms of administration time, accuracy and efficiency. The maximum-likelihood QUEST procedure showed advantages over the staircase procedures in terms of administration time; however, the reliability of both this test and conventional speech audiometry was poor, indicating that these tests are not the most suitable tests for a clinical setting. Subsequent clinical testing of the optimal adaptive speech tests using participants with varying degrees of hearing loss found that administration time was similar between conventional speech audiometry and the adaptive closed-set staircase tests when the optimal termination criteria identified in the Preliminary Testing Phase were employed. The adaptive open-set staircase test with larger step sizes at the beginning showed the best accuracy of any of the tests when using the pure-tone average as a reference, while the efficiency of all the adaptive staircase tests was similar. Overall, the results highlight some of the potential advantages of adaptive speech testing in the clinical Audiology setting; however, further studies are required to determine the specific parameters that achieve the best results.
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Caswell, Karin Leola. "Test-Retest Reliability of Speech Recognition Threshold Material in Individuals with a Wide Range of Hearing Abilities." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3426.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate an updated list of digitally recorded Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT) materials for test-retest reliability. Chipman (2003) identified 33 psychometrically equated spondaic words that are frequently occurring in English today. These digitally recorded words were used to determine the SRT of 40 participants using the American Speech-Language Hearing Association guidelines. The participants were between the ages of 19 and 83 years and presented with hearing impairment ranging from normal to severe. The individual's pure-tone averages classified 16 participants with normal hearing to slight loss, 12 participants with mild loss, and 12 participants with moderate to severe hearing loss. The speech materials were presented to participants in one randomly selected ear. The SRT was measured for the same ear in both the test and retest conditions. The average SRT for the test condition was 22.7 dB HL and 22.8 dB HL in the retest condition with an improvement of 0.1 dB for retest but no significant difference was identified. Using a modified variance equation to determine test-retest reliability resulted in a 0.98, indicating almost perfect reliability. Therefore the test-retest reliability was determined to be exceptional for the new SRT words.
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Polley, Kaylene Barrett. "Accuracy of English Speakers Administering Word Recognition Score Tests in Mandarin." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2224.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of English-speakers in determining the word recognition score of native Taiwan Mandarin-speakers. Digitally recorded Mandarin word lists were presented to 10 native Mandarin-speakers from Taiwan (five male, five female), from whom oral and written responses were collected. Oral responses were scored by 30 native English-speakers, 15 of which had no experience with Mandarin and 15 with two to three years of college-level Mandarin courses or equivalent knowledge of Mandarin. The judges who had experience with Mandarin were able to score the WRS tests with 97% accuracy (with scores ranging from 10% below to 4% above the actual score of the test). The judges without experience with Mandarin scored the WRS tests with 88.8% accuracy (with scores ranging from 34% below to 26% above the actual score of the test). An analysis of variance found that there was a significant difference between a judge's knowledge of Mandarin and his or her ability to accurately score the oral responses. An inspection of the performance of the judges in respect to the five different Mandarin tones indicated that there are some tone combinations that are more difficult to score correctly than others. While it is apparent that tone combination may play a role in the ability to accurately score WRS words in Mandarin, the implications of this for a clinical setting are uncertain because words with these tone combinations were not heard often. Tone perception training for the judges or simply making clinicians aware of this difficulty in tone identification may be of benefit in overcoming this obstacle.
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Scourfield, Jolanda. "Development of an Afrikaans sentence perception test based on the CUNY topic-related sentences – phase 1 : sentence perception in noise." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6584.
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Thesis (MAud)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Speech audiometry for diagnostic purposes is widely used by audiologists around the world, but its application is starting to shift more towards rehabilitative purposes for people with hearing impairment. This has created the need for the development of appropriate test materials, including speech-in-noise tests, in the first language of the person undergoing rehabilitation. This document describes a study entailing the first phase in the development of an Afrikaans sentence perception test in noise based on the City University of New York (CUNY) topic-related sentences (Boothroyd, Hanin & Hnath, 1985). The test is called Sinslyste in Afrikaans vir Volwassenes in Lawaai [Sentence lists in Afrikaans for Adults in Noise] (SAV-L). Twenty-seven sentence lists containing 12 sentences each were compiled and evaluated by eight speakers of Afrikaans for their naturalness before they were recorded together with three-talker babble as masking noise. The recorded material was then presented to six groups of ten participants each (with the exception of nine participants in one of the rounds) and adjusted in intensity to improve inter-list reliability. Two scorers were used at intervals to determine inter-rater reliability. Test conditions were also replicated after an interval of six months or more to establish test-retest reliability. In a last round of testing, the test was administered at the intended presentation level to assess the appropriateness of the chosen level. Through adjustment of list intensities, inter-list reliability was improved to a 13.87% variance between list scores. Test-retest reliability showed a bias with an intra-class correlation agreement of 0.859. This was thought to be due to participants’ improved familiarity with the clinical environment over time, however longer term measures of test-retest reliability remains to be done. Inter-rater reliability was very high with an intra-class agreement of 0.999. The intended test level of 50dBHL with a signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of +5dB, was found to be an acceptable fixed SNR. The test can be used in its current form for assessment of amplification candidacy as well as monitoring of progress during rehabilitation. Further research is indicated for the establishment of the sensitivity of the test. It is concluded that just as a clinician is expected to select the most suitable diagnostic test based on the patient’s history, signs and symptoms, so should the audiologist be expected to select the most appropriate rehabilitative measure based on the patient’s communication needs and established treatment goals. The SAV-L is a valuable contribution to the pool of speech perception tests available as rehabilitative measures, and is specifically suitable for adults with well-developed spoken language.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Spraakoudiometrie vir diagnostiese doeleindes word algemeen gebruik deur oudioloë regoor die wêreld, maar die toepassing daarvan is besig om te skuif na rehabilitasie van mense met gehoorgestremdheid. Die behoefte vir die ontwikkeling van geskikte toetsmateriaal, insluitend spraak-in-geraastoetse, in die eerste taal van die persoon wat rehabilitasie ondergaan, het dus begin ontwikkel. Hierdie dokument beskryf ‘n studie wat die eerste fase van die ontwikkeling van a Afrikaanse spraakpersepsietoets in geraas behels. Dit is gebaseer op die City University of New York (CUNY) onderwerp-verwante sinne (Boothroyd, Hanin & Hnath, 1985). Die ontwikkelde toets is benoem Sinslyste in Afrikaans vir Volwassenes in Lawaai (SAV-L). Sewe-en-twintig sinslyste met twaalf sinne per lys is saamgestel en geëvalueer deur ag Afrikaans-sprekende persone om hulle natuurlikheid te bepaal voordat dit opgeneem is tesame met drie-spreker babbel as maskeringsgeraas. Die opgeneemde materiaal is aan ses groepe van tien deelnemers elk aangebied (met die uitsondering van slegs nege deelnemers in een van die rondtes) en aangepas in intensiteit om inter-lys betroubaarheid to verbeter. Twee tellers is van tyd tot tyd gebruik om inter-beoordelaar betroubaarheid te bepaal. Toetskondisies was ook ná ‘n periode van ses maande gereplikeer om toets-hertoets betroubaarheid to bepaal. In ‘n laaste rondte van toetsing was die toets geadministreer teen die beoogde toetsvlak om die geskiktheid van hierdie toetsvlak te bepaal. Inter-lys betroubaarheid is verbeter na ‘n 13.87% variase tussen sinslystellings deur die aanpassing van die intensiteite van die lyste. Toets-hertoets betroubaarheid het ‘n voorkeur met ‘n intra-klas korrelasie ooreenstemming van 0.859 getoon. Hierdie voorkeur was vermoedelik weens die deelnemers se toenemende bekendheid met die kliniese omgewing, alhoewel langer termyn metings nog gedoen moet word om hierdie tendens verder te ondersoek. Inter-beoordelaar betroubaarheid was goed met ‘n intra-klas korrelasie van 0.999. Die beoogde toetsvlak van 50dBGP met ‘n sein-tot-ruis ratio van +5dB is as ‘n geskikte ratio bevind. Die huidige vorm van die toets kan gebruik word vir die evaluasie van kandidaatskap van klankversterking sowel as monitering van vordering tydens rehabilitasie. Verdere navorsing is aangedui vir die bepaling van die toets se sensitiwiteit. Daar is afgelei dat net soos daar van ‘n klinikus verwag word om die mees geskikte diagnostiese toets te kies gebaseer op die pasiënt se geskiedenis, tekens en simptome, net so moet daar van die die oudioloog verwag word om die mees geskikte rehabilitasiemeting te selekteer, gebaseer op die pasiënt se kommunikasiebehoeftes en vasgestelde behandelingsdoelwitte. Die SAV-L is ‘n waardevolle hulpmiddel in die versameling spraakpersepsietoetse wat beskikbaar is vir rehabilitasiemetings en is spesifiek geskik vir volwassenes met goed-ontwikkelde gesproke taal.
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Smurzynski, Jacek. "New Clinical Applications of Otoacoustic Emissions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2158.
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Smurzynski, Jacek. "Clinical Applications of Otoacoustic Emissions: How Much Do We Really Know After 40 Years?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2157.
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Magalhães, Ana Tereza de Matos. "Contribuição do avanço tecnológico do processador de fala para usuários de implante coclear Nucleus 22®." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-03012014-123922/.
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Objetivo: Identificar as contribuições tecnológicas do processador de fala Freedom® para pacientes implantados com Nucleus 22® e a satisfação dos usuários com a nova tecnologia. Entre os novos recursos disponíveis, foram analisados o efeito da tabela de alocação de frequências, o T-SPL e C-SPL e o ajuste de pré-processamento do som (ADRO®). Material: Este estudo foi prospectivo e exploratório. Foram incluídos adolescentes e adultos implantados com Nucleus 22® no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, usuários efetivos do processador de fala Spectra®, com alguma percepção de frases em contexto fechado e sem experiência anterior com a nova tecnologia. Foram selecionados 17 pacientes, entre as idades de 15 e 82 anos, e implantados há mais de oito anos. Para determinar a contribuição do Freedom®, os limiares auditivos e os testes de percepção de fala foram realizados com o último mapa utilizado com o Spectra® e comparados os mapas criados com o Freedom®. Para identificar o efeito da tabela de alocação de frequências, ambos os mapas convertidos (mesma tabela) e atualizados (tabela nova) foram programados. A tabela escolhida foi mantida, e foram realizados três mapas com diferentes parâmetros: o programa 1 (P1) com T-SPL de 30 dB e do C-SPL de 70 dB, programa 2 (P2) com T-SPL de 25 dB e do C-SPL de 65 dB, e o programa 3 (P3) com ADRO®. A ordem de apresentação dos mapas e dos testes foi randomizada. Para avaliar a satisfação com seus dispositivos auditivos foram utilizados os questionários SADL e APHAB após um mês e um ano de uso do Freedom®. Resultados: A contribuição do processador de fala Freedom® para pacientes usuários do Nucleus 22® foi estatisticamente superior em comparação com o Spectra® em todos os testes de percepção da fala e em todos os limiares audiométricos, tanto individualmente quanto em média, com exceção de 8000 Hz. Em relação à escolha da tabela de frequência, 64,7% dos pacientes (n=11) mantiveram o mapa com a tabela de frequências do Spectra®. Comparando os mapas com diferentes T-SPL e C-SPL, houve diferença estatística tanto nos limiares audiométricos de 500, 1000, 1500 e 2000 Hz quanto na média. Não houve diferença estatística entre os testes de fala com ou sem o uso do ADRO®. Os questionários de satisfação mostraram uma melhora estatisticamente significativa, apenas na subescala que avalia o desempenho em ambiente ruidoso e uso do telefone. Conclusão: A tecnologia contribuiu no desempenho de percepção de fala e nos limiares audiométricos dos pacientes usuários de Nucleus22®. A maioria manteve a tabela de frequência original. As mudanças nos parâmetros de T-SPL e C-SPL mostraram uma melhora dos limiares audiométricos nas frequências principais da fala. As diferenças significantes foram sutis nos questionários de satisfação, demonstrando que os pacientes já estavam adaptados e satisfeitos com o implante coclearObjective: To identify the technological contributions of the Freedom® speech processor to the patients implanted with Nucleus 22® and the satisfaction of users of the new technology. Among the new features available, we focused on the effect of the frequency allocation table, the T-SPL and C-SPL and the pre-processing gain adjustments (ADRO®). Methods: This study was prospective and exploratory. It included teenage and adult patients implanted with Nucleus 22® who effectively used the implant with no previous experience with the new technology and had at least some speech recognition on a closed set with the Spectra® processor. Seventeen patients met the inclusion criteria, ranging in age from 15 to 82 years and deployed for over 8 years. To determine the contribution of the Freedom®, thresholds and speech perception tests were performed with the last map used with the Spectra® and the maps created for Freedom®. To identify the effect of the frequency allocation table, both converted (same table) and upgraded (new table) maps were programmed. The table selected is maintained, and maps were performed with three different parameters: the first program (P1) was programmed with 30 dB T-SPL and 70 dB C-SPL; the second program (P2) with was programmed with 25 dB T-SPL and 65 dB C-SPL; and the program 3 (P3) with ADRO®. The order of presentation of the maps and the testing was randomized. To assess satisfaction were used SADL and APHAB after one moth and one year of using the Freedom®. Results: The contribution of the Freedom® speech processor to patients with the Nucleus 22® was statistically superior compared to the Spectra® in all tests of speech perception and in all audiometric thresholds, both individually and on average, except for 8000 Hz. Regarding the choice of a frequency allocation table, 64.7% of patients (n=11) maintained the same map that had been used with the Spectra® processor. The sound field threshold was statistically significant at 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 Hz with 25 dB T-SPL/ 65 dB C-SPL. The patients\' satisfaction there was a statistically significant improvement, only in the sub-scale of speech in noise abilities and telephone use. Conclusions: The Freedom® technology improved the performance of patients with the Nucleus 22®. Most of the patients retained the original frequency table. The changes in the parameters of T-SPL and C-SPL showed an improvement in the audiometric thresholds for the main frequencies of speech. Significant differences were subtle in questionnaires of satisfaction, demonstrating that patients were already adapted and satisfied with the cochlear implant
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Nivoloni, Karin de Albuquerque Barros. "Avaliação comportamental, eletroacústica e eletrofisiológica da audição em encefalopatia crônica infantil não evolutiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-27092005-151846/.
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Para avaliar a audição em crianças com paralisia cerebral foi realizada a avaliação comportamental, eletroacústica e eletrofisiológica em 61 sujeitos na faixa etária de três a seis anos e 11 meses, subdivididas em grupo experimental e controle. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes na comparação entre os resultados obtidos nos dois grupos, bem como na comparação dos procedimentos no grupo experimental. Existe uma diversidade nos resultados dos procedimentos audiológicos em crianças com paralisia cerebral, o que torna importante a aplicação da bateria completa na determinação do perfil audiológico destas crianças.In order to evaluate the hearing of children who have cerebral palsy disease the behavioral, eletroacoustical, electrophysiological evaluations were done in 61 people between three and six years and 11 months old, subdivided in experimental and control group. There were statistically significant differences when comparing the results obtained in both groups, as well as when comparing the procedures in the experimental group. There is diversity in the results of hearing procedures in children with Cerebral Palsy, which stresses the importance of a full battery of exams for determining the hearing profile of these children.
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Magliaro, Fernanda Cristina Leite. "Avaliação comportamental, eletroacústica e eletrofisiológica da audição em pacientes com lesão isquêmica do hemisfério direito." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-04092009-141823/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquêmico (AVCI) é o evento mais freqüente dentre os AVCs, sendo caracterizado pela interrupção da irrigação sanguínea ao cérebro, a qual pode acarretar em lesão celular e alterações nas funções neurológicas. As manifestações clínicas desta doença podem incluir alterações das funções motoras, sensitivas, cognitivas, perceptivas, da linguagem entre outras. Sendo assim, é extremamente importante que sejam identificadas possíveis alterações nas vias auditivas, periférica e central, as quais podem prejudicar a qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. OBJETIVO: caracterizar os achados das avaliações comportamentais, eletroacústicas e eletrofisiológicas da audição em indivíduos destros com lesão isquêmica do hemisfério cerebral direito, bem como compará-los aos obtidos em indivíduos normais da mesma faixa etária. MÉTODOS: foram realizadas audiometria tonal, logoaudiometria, medidas de imitância acústica, potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE), potencial evocado auditivo de média latência (PEAML) e potencial cognitivo (P300) em 17 indivíduos com lesão do hemisfério direito (grupo pesquisa) e 25 normais (grupo controle), com idades entre 20 e 70 anos. RESULTADOS: Na análise dos dados qualitativos não foram encontradas alterações na avaliação comportamental da audição para os dois grupos. Ambos os grupos apresentaram alterações nos resultados do PEATE e do PEAML, sendo que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, para esses dois potenciais, nas quais o grupo pesquisa apresentou maior ocorrência de alterações. No PEATE a alteração mais freqüente foi do tipo tronco encefálico baixo, sendo que, entre os grupos, houve diferença estatisticamente significante, na qual o grupo pesquisa mostrou maior ocorrência dessa alteração. No PEAML a alteração predominante foi do tipo ambas (efeito orelha e efeito eletrodo ocorrendo concomitantemente) para o grupo pesquisa, e do tipo efeito eletrodo para o grupo controle. Na análise dos dados quantitativos (realizada apenas para os potenciais evocados auditivos) verificou-se, no PEATE, que ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com relação às latências das ondas III e V e interpicos I-III e I-V. Para o PEAML, a diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos ocorreu apenas para a latência da onda Na na posição C3/A1. Para o P300, ocorreu diferença entre os grupos com relação à latência da onda P300, sendo que o grupo pesquisa apresentou tempo médio de latência maior; além disso, houve uma tendência estatisticamente significante entre as orelhas direita e esquerda dentro do grupo pesquisa, mostrando aumento de latência da onda P300 na orelha direita. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos destros com lesão de hemisfério direito apresentaram limiares auditivos dentro da normalidade na avaliação comportamental da audição, entretanto, apresentaram resultados indicativos de déficit no sistema nervoso auditivo central, nas avaliações eletrofisiológicas da audição. Foram observados comprometimentos em tronco encefálico baixo, bem como nas regiões subcorticais e corticais. Dificuldades auditivas não foram percebidas pelos indivíduos, sugerindo que, provavelmente tal sinal possa estar relacionado à uma heminegligência auditiva. Tornam-se necessários mais estudos que avaliem a via auditiva central destes indivíduos para uma melhor caracterização dos achados eletrofisiológicosINTRODUCTION: The ischemic cerebral stroke (ICS) is the most frequent event among cerebral strokes. It is characterized by the interruption of blood supply to the brain, which can lead to cell damage and alterations in neurological functions. The clinical manifestations of this disease may include alterations in motor, sensory, cognitive, perceptual and language functions among others. Therefore, the identification of possible alterations in both peripheral and central auditory pathways that may impair the quality of life of these individuals is extremely important. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the findings of behavioral, electrophysiological and electroacoustic hearing evaluations in right-handed individuals with right hemisphere ischemic lesion, and to compare such data to those obtained in normal individuals with the same age. METHODS: Pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immittance measures, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), Auditory Middle-Latency Response (AMLR) and cognitive potential (P300) were carried out in 17 subjects with right hemisphere lesions (research group) and 25 normal individuals (control group), aged between 20 and 70 years. RESULTS: No alterations were found on the qualitative data analysis of the hearing behavioral assessment of both groups. Both groups showed alterations in the BAEP and AMLR results, with statistically significant differences between groups for both potentials and a higher occurrence of alterations in the research group. The lower brainstem was the most frequent alteration type in the BAEP, and a statistically significant difference between groups was observed, with higher occurrence of such alteration in the research group. With regards the AMLR, the alteration predominantly observed was the Both type one (ear effect and electrode effect occurring concurrently) for the research group, and the electrode effect type one for the control group. In the analysis of quantitative data (performed only for the auditory evoked potentials), a statistically significant difference between groups was observed with respect to the BAEP latencies of waves III, V and interpeaks I-III and I-V. Regarding the AMLR measures, a statistically significant difference between groups was observed only for the Na wave latency in the C3/A1 position. For the P300, a difference between groups was observed, with higher mean latencies for the research group. In addition, there was a trend to statistically significant difference between right and left ears in the research group, which showed increased latency of P300 wave in the right ear. CONCLUSION: Right-handed individuals with right hemisphere lesion showed hearing thresholds within normal limits in the behavioral hearing assessment. However, they presented results indicative of central auditory nervous system deficits on the electrophysiological assessment of hearing. Alterations were observed in lower brainstem and in sub-cortical and cortical regions. Hearing difficulties were not perceived by these individuals, suggesting that this signal can probably be related to an auditory hemineglect. Further studies that evaluate the central auditory pathway of individuals with ICS are needed to better characterize the electrophysiological findings
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Lima, Carolina Colin. "Avaliação comportamental e eletrofisiológica das funções auditivas no processo de envelhecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-03102013-114302/.
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Introdução: O considerável aumento da população idosa no Brasil e no mundo tem motivado pesquisas acerca da qualidade de vida do idoso. Distúrbios auditivos e a diminuição da capacidade de processar os sons são comuns no processo de envelhecimento, o que provoca dificuldades na compreensão de fala e na comunicação do idoso. A pesquisa do Processamento Auditivo (Central) em adultos e idosos pretende compreender as mudanças que ocorrem nas funções auditivas centrais durante o processo de envelhecimento, assim contribuindo para a melhor compreensão deste processo e facilitando a elaboração de estratégias para melhoria na comunicação destes indivíduos. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar o desempenho de grupos de diferentes faixas etárias em testes logoaudiométricos, comportamentais do processamento auditivo (central) e eletrofisiológicos da audição. Método: O estudo analisa o desempenho de 131 adultos e idosos, com idade entre 50 e 79 anos, divididos em três grupos, compostos por três faixas etárias: G1 (50-59 anos) com 63 participantes, G2 (60-69 anos) com 47 participantes e G3 (70-79 anos) com 21 participantes, os quais realizaram testes logoaudiométricos (Limiar de Reconhecimento de Fala e Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala), comportamentais do Processamento Auditivo (Central) (Fala com Ruído Branco, Dicótico de Dígitos e Teste do Padrão de Frequência) e testes eletrofisiológicos da audição (PEATE e P300). Resultados: Os resultados mostram que houve diferença estatisticamente significante no desempenho dos grupos nas respostas dos testes do Limiar de Reconhecimento de Fala, Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala e Fala com Ruido Branco nas orelhas direita e esquerda e no teste Dicótico de Dígitos na orelha esquerda. Houve também diferença estatisticamente significante nos valores de latência das ondas I, III e V no PEATE na orelha direita e latência das ondas III e V no PEATE na orelha direita. Na análise dos resultados do teste Padrão de Frequência e P300 não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Conclusões: O estudo mostra que com o processo de envelhecimento houve o aumento do Limiar de Reconhecimento de Fala nas orelhas direita e esquerda; a diminuição das porcentagens de acerto no teste de Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala e Fala com Ruído Branco nas orelhas direita e esquerda, e no teste Dicótico de Dígitos na orelha esquerda. Nos potenciais eletrofisiológicos, o envelhecimento provocou o aumento dos valores de latência do PEATE, nas ondas I, III e V na orelha direita, e III e V na orelha esquerda, e no P300 na orelha direitaIntroduction: The considerable increase of the elderly population in Brazil and worldwide has motivated research on the quality of life of the elderly. Hearing disorders and the decrease in the ability to process sounds are common in the aging process, which provoke difficulties in speech comprehension and in the communication of the elderly. The research on central auditory processing in adults and elderly people aims at understanding the changes which occur in the central auditory functions during the aging process, thus contributing to the better understanding of the process and facilitating the development of strategies to improve these subjects\' communication.Objectives: To evaluate and compare the performance of groups of different ages in speech recognition and behavioral and electrophysiological evaluation of the central auditory system. Methods: The study analyses the performance of 131 adults and elderly people, ranging from 50 to 79 years of age, divided in three groups, formed by the age groups: G1 (50-59 years of age) with 63 members, G2 (60-69 years of age) with 47 members and G3 (70-79 years of age) with 21 members, who did speech audiometry (Speech Reception Threshold and Speech Recognition Test), behaviral evaluation of the central auditory process (Speech in Noise, Dichotic Digit Test and Pitch Pattern Sequence Test) and auditory electrophysiological tests (ABR and P300. Results: The results show that was a statistically significant difference in the performance of the groups on the Speech Recognition Threshold Test, Speech Recognition Test, and Speech in Noise Tests in the right and left ears and the Dichotic Digit Test in the left ear. There was also a statistically significant difference in the latency values of the I, III and V waves in the ABR of the right ear and Latency of the III and V waves in the ABR in the left ear and in the latency values of the 300 of the right ear. In the analysis of the Frequency Pattern Test and in the amplitude values P300 there was no significant difference in the groups\' performances. Conclusions: The study shows that, with the aging process, there was a decrease in the Speech Reception Threshold, Speech Recognitiontion Test and Speech in Noise in the right and left ears, and in the Dichotic Digit Test in the left ear. In the electrophysiological evaluation, the aging process led to an increase in the latency values of the ABR in the I, III and V waves in the right ear, and III and V in the left ear and in the latency of the P300 of the right ear
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Magliaro, Fernanda Cristina Leite. "\"Avaliação comportamental, eletroacústica e eletrofisiológica da audição em autismo\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-08052006-151642/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O Autismo é um distúrbio que tem início na infância, cujas principais características são a presença de um desenvolvimento anormal ou prejudicado na interação social e comunicação, e um repertório restrito de atividades e interesses. Algumas teorias consideram o autismo como um distúrbio do desenvolvimento causado por uma alteração do sistema nervoso central, e salientam a presença do déficit cognitivo nessa população. Estudos demonstram também a presença de anormalidades eletrofisiológicas nos potenciais evocados auditivos de curta, média e longa latências. Considerando a importância da integridade do sistema auditivo periférico e central na aquisição e desenvolvimento de fala, linguagem e aprendizado, mostra-se imprescindível que anormalidades auditivas tanto periféricas como centrais sejam identificadas e tratadas em indivíduos autistas. OBJETIVO: caracterizar os achados das avaliações comportamentais, eletroacústicas e eletrofisiológicas da audição em indivíduos com autismo, bem como compará-los aos obtidos em indivíduos normais da mesma faixa etária. MÉTODOS: foram realizadas anamnese, audiometria tonal, logoaudiometria, medidas de imitância acústica, potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico, potencial evocado auditivo de média latência e potencial cognitivo em 16 indivíduos com autismo (grupo pesquisa) e 25 normais (grupo controle), com idades entre oito e 20 anos. RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre os resultados normais e alterados (análise qualitativa), não foram encontradas alterações na avaliação comportamental da audição para os dois grupos. Na comparação dos resultados das avaliações comportamentais e eletroacústicas entre os grupos, não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. O grupo controle apresentou alterações apenas no resultado do potencial evocado auditivo de média latência, sendo que o tipo de alteração mais freqüentemente encontrada foi ambas (efeito eletrodo e efeito orelha ocorrendo concomitantemente). O grupo pesquisa apresentou resultados alterados em todos os potenciais evocados auditivos, havendo diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparado ao grupo controle. Com relação aos tipos de alterações encontradas no grupo pesquisa, foi observada uma maior ocorrência de alteração em tronco encefálico baixo no potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico, alteração do tipo ambas (efeito eletrodo e efeito orelha ocorrendo concomitantemente) no potencial evocado auditivo de média latência e ausência de resposta no potencial cognitivo. Na análise quantitativa dos resultados dos potenciais evocados auditivos, verificou-se que apenas para o potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, com relação às latências das ondas III e V e interpicos I-III e I-V. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com autismo não apresentam alterações nas avaliações comportamentais e eletroacústicas da audição, e apresentam alterações nos potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico e potencial cognitivo, sugerindo comprometimento da via auditiva em tronco encefálico e regiões corticais.INTRODUCTION: Autism is a disorder, which begins in the infancy, and the main characteristics are the presence of an abnormal or impaired development of social interaction and communication, and restrict range of activities and interest. Some theories consider autism as a developmental disorder caused by a central nervous system alteration, and stress the presence of a cognitive deficit in this population. Studies also demonstrate the presence of electrophysiological abnormalities in the auditory evoked potentials of short middle and long latencies. Considering the importance of the peripheral and central auditory system integrity for the speech and language acquisition and development and for learning, it becomes important to identify and treat hearing abnormalities, either peripheral or central, in autistic individuals. AIM: to characterize the findings of behavioral, electroacoustic and electrophysiological assessments of autistic individuals, as well as to compare those findings with the ones of normal individuals of the same age. METHOD: 16 individuals with autism (study group) and 25 normal ones (control group), ranging in age from eight and 20 years underwent anamnesis, pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immitance measures, brainstem auditory evoked potential, middle latency response and cognitive potential. RESULTS: Comparing the normal and altered results (qualitative analysis), no alterations were found in the behavioral assessment of hearing in both groups. Comparing the results of the behavioral and electroacoustic evaluations between the two groups, there were no statistical differences. The control group presented altered results only in the middle latency auditory evoked potential and the most common type of alteration was both electrode effect and ear effect occurring simultaneously. The study group presented altered results in all auditory evoked potentials with a significant statistical difference when compared to the control group. Concerning the types of alterations found in the study group it was verified higher occurrence of lower brainstem alteration in the brainstem auditory evoked potential, both electrode and ear effect occurring simultaneously in the middle latency auditory evoked potential, and absence of response in the cognitive potential. The quantitative analysis of the auditory evoked potentials results showed a significant statistical difference between the groups only in the brainstem auditory evoked potential, concerning the latencies of waves III and V and interpeaks I-III and I-V. CONCLUSION: autistic individuals do not present altered behavioral and electroacoustic evaluations, and present altered brainstem auditory evoked potential and cognitive potential, suggesting prejudice in the brainstem auditory pathway and cortical regions.
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Van, der Westhuizen Christine. "The clinical utility of the Vivosonic Integrity Auditory Brainstem response system in children with cerebral palsy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28152.
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Determining auditory functioning in difficult-to-test populations such as cerebral palsy (CP) remains a challenge in paediatric audiology. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is favoured as the procedure to assess auditory functioning in difficult-to-test populations such as CP. The CP population, however, offers unique challenges for the ABR procedure due to the presence of involuntary muscular movements that may compromise the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the ABR. Conventional ABR technology attempts to improve the SNR by the modification of acquisition parameters e.g. adjusting the low cut filter or implementing stricter artifact rejection criteria. However, such modifications may compromise the waveform morphology of the ABR. Furthermore, sedation or general anesthesia can also be used to improve the SNR by reducing excessive muscular movements. The CP population, however, displays a high risk for developing upper airway obstruction when being sedated or anesthetized. Thus, the feasibility and reliability of the conventional ABR may be compromised when being employed in the CP population. In recent years a novel ABR system, the Vivosonic Integrity (VS) ABR has become clinically available. The device incorporates features such as pre-amplification of the ABR signal, Kalman filtering and wireless recording. These features promise to address the limitations of conventional ABR technology to obtain a reliable recording in the midst of excessive myogenic artifact. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the clinical utility of the VS system when assessing a sample of children with CP without the use of sedation. The clinical utility of the VS ABR system was determined by comparing its success rates, the threshold correspondence to behavioural pure tone (PT) thresholds and recording time to a conventional ABR system when using click and 0.5 kHz TB stimuli. A cross-sectional within-subject comparison research design was selected in order to compare thresholds obtained with different procedures. The experimental part of this study was represented by the within-subject control condition where the VS ABR system and the conventional ABR system were simultaneously conducted in each subject. This unique setup was important in the research as equivalent test conditions in terms of EEG and environmental conditions had to be ensured for both ABR systems. 15 CP subjects between the ages of 12 and 18 years were included in the project. A diagnostic audiological test battery including immittance, distortion product otoacoustic emissions and behavioural audiometry was conducted on each subject prior the administration of the ABR procedures. The variability of the audiological test battery results – between the subjects and when compared to previous research – emphasized the heterogeneity of the CP population. Furthermore, more than half of the research sample (53%; n=15) responded inconsistently to behavioural pure tone (PT) stimuli. It was suggested that the severity of physical impairments as well as additional impairments such as mental retardation might have influenced the consistency of the subjects’ responses during behavioural PT audiometry. The ABR results indicated that there were no significant differences with regards to threshold correspondence and recording time between the two ABR systems when using click and 0.5 kHz TB stimuli (p>0.05). With regards to the success rates, the VS system was successful in more cases than the conventional ABR system using click and 0.5 kHz TB stimuli. Although results also showed no statistically significant value for click p=.1121) and 0.5 kHz TB stimuli p=.1648), there was a tendency towards the 95% confidence level in both cases suggesting that the VS ABR system may produce a statistically significant success rate for click as well as for 0.5 kHz TB stimuli, provided a larger sample is tested. The research indicated that, since the VS ABR system was more successful across a wider range of subjects during click-evoked and 0.5 kHz TB recordings, it may increase the clinical usefulness of the ABR especially in terms of hearing screening in the CP population. The research suggested that excessive muscular movements during the recordings influenced not only the VS ABR’s, but also the conventional ABR’s threshold correspondences to PT thresholds as well as the recording time of the measurements. Therefore it may still be necessary to use a light sedative in some CP patients to reduce excessive myogenic interference despite the possible advantages of the VS ABR system.Dissertation (MCommunication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
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Glazier, Robert Udell. "Antioxidant Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Solvent- Induced Hearing Loss in Factory Workers." Yale University, 2010. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-03052010-143503/.
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Occupational exposure-related hearing loss is a significant health concern for affected workers. Organic solvent exposure has emerged as an important contributor to hearing loss. It is thought that hearing loss related to solvent and noise exposure is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The glutathione associated enzymes and the manganese superoxide dismutase enzymes (SOD2) are important components of the cochlear hair cellâs defense against oxidative stress. This study is aimed to determine whether polymorphisms within the glutathione S-transferases (GST) P1 and GSTM1, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and SOD2 are associated with hearing status in solvent exposed factory workers. Genotypes for the GSTM1 + vs. null, GSTP1 Ile105Val, GPX1 Pro198Leu, SOD2 Val16Ala polymorphisms along with hearing status were determined in factory workers exposed to organic solvents. Hearing tests consisted of pure tone audiometric (PTA) thresholds from 3-6 kHz and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) for 3-6 kHz. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was undertaken to assess for association between polymorphisms and hearing outcomes. The GSTP1 Val/Ile genotype at position 105 was associated with higher PTA thresholds (β=12.41, P value= 0.01) from 3-6 kHz in workers below age 22-43. The analysis showed a protective association of the SOD2 Ala/Val genotype (β= -26.42, P value= 0.025) and The GPX1 Leu/Leu genotypes (β=47.81, P value= 0.034) with audiometric thresholds from 3-6 kHz in individuals above age 43. This small cross-sectional study suggests that polymorphisms within the antioxidant system may alter susceptibility to hearing loss in workers exposed to organic solvents. These results also suggest the mechanisms by which this affect are mediated are complex and should be further investigated.
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Juan, Kleber Ramos de. "Avaliação audiológica, eletroacústica e eletrofisiológica da audição em adultos com HIV/AIDS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-02062009-092606/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida é causada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, um retrovírus específico que afeta o sistema imunológico, propiciando a ocorrência de diversas infecções oportunistas e podendo afetar também o sistema nervoso auditivo central. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as vias periférica e central do sistema auditivo em indivíduos adultos com HIV/AIDS. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 25 indivíduos com HIV/AIDS e 25 indivíduos do grupo controle, sendo estes submetidos à avaliação audiológica convencional, audiometria em altas frequências, emissões otoacústicas por transiente, supressão das emissões otoacústicas, potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico, média latência e Potencial Cognitivo (P300). RESULTADOS: O grupo estudo apresentou alterações em todas as avaliações realizadas, enquanto que o grupo controle apresentou alterações na audiometria em altas frequências, supressão das emissões otoacústicas, potencial evocado auditivo de média latência e P300. A comparação dos resultados normais e alterados obtidos entre os grupos apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante para a audiometria tonal convencional, audiometria em altas frequências, timpanometria, pesquisa dos reflexos acústicos, emissões otoacústicas, supressão das emissões otoacústicas e potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico, sendo também possível observar uma tendência à diferença estatisticamente significante no P300. Com relação aos tipos de alteração, o grupo estudo apresentou maior ocorrência de perda auditiva neurossensorial na avaliação audiológica convencional, alterações sugestivas de comprometimento de orelha média e tronco encefálico concomitantemente no potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico, alteração do tipo ambas (efeito eletrodo e efeito orelha ocorrendo concomitantemente) no potencial evocado auditivo de média latência e alterações por aumento de latência no P300. Com relação à análise quantitativa pode-se verificar que na comparação dos resultados obtidos entre os grupos houveram diferenças estatisticamente significantes para todos os limiares obtidos na audiometria tonal convencional, bem como na audiometria em altas frequências; no potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico para a latência das ondas I, III, V, e interpicos I-V e III-V; no potencial evocado auditivo de média latência para a latência da onda Pa nas modalidades C4-A1 e C4-A2 e no P300 para a latência dessa onda. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com HIV/AIDS apresentam alterações na avaliação audiológica convencional, audiometria em altas frequências, emissões otoacústicas, supressão das emissões otoacústicas e nos potenciais evocados auditivos, sugerindo comprometimento tanto da via auditiva periférica como da via auditiva central.INTRODUCTION: The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, a specific retrovirus that affects the immunological system allowing the emergence of several opportunistic infections, and that may also affect the central auditory nervous system. AIM: To assess the peripheral and central auditory pathways of the auditory system of individuals with HIV/AIDS. METHOD: 25 individuals with HIV/AIDS and 25 individuals from a control group were evaluated by conventional audiological assessment, high-frequency audiometry, transient otoacoustic emissions, suppression of otoacoustic emissions, brainstem auditory evoked potential, middle latency auditory evoked potential, and Cognitive Potential (P300). RESULTS: The study group presented abnormal results in all evaluations while the control group presented abnormal results in high-frequency audiometry, otoacoustic emission suppression, middle latency auditory evoked potential and P300. The comparison of normal and abnormal results between the groups showed statistically significant difference in conventional pure tone audiometry, high-frequency audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflexes, otoacoustic emissions, otoacoustic emissions suppression, and brainstem auditory evoked potential; it was also observed a tendency to statistically significant difference in P300. Concerning the types of alterations, the study group presented higher incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in the conventional audiological assessment; alterations suggestive of concomitant middle ear and brainstem disorders in the brainstem auditory evoked potential; concomitant electrode effect and ear effect in the middle latency auditory evoked potential; and increased latency in P300. In the quantitative analysis it was verified that in the comparison of results between the groups there were statistically significant differences for all thresholds obtained in the conventional pure tone audiometry as well as in the high-frequency audiometry; in the brainstem auditory evoked potential for the latency of waves I, III, V, and interpeaks I-V and III-V; in the middle latency for the latency of wave Pa in modalities C4-A1 and C4- A2; and in P300 latency. CONCLUSION: Individuals with HIV/AIDS present alteration in conventional audiological assessment, high-frequency audiometry, otoacoustic emission, otoacoustic emission suppression, and in auditory evoked potentials suggesting abnormalities of both, the peripheral and the central auditory pathways.
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Almeida, Renata Parente de. "Avaliação comportamental, eletroacústica e eletrofisiológica da audição em crianças desnutridas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-18012013-112657/.
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Introdução: A desnutrição energético-protéica é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no Brasil, ocorrendo mais frequentemente em pré-escolares e determinando o comprometimento do crescimento. A desnutrição pode provocar alterações no sistema nervoso central, dependendo da intensidade, da época de incidência e da duração da doença, comprometendo irreversivelmente as funções intelectuais. Levando-se em consideração a importância da integridade do Sistema Auditivo Periférico e Central na aquisição e desenvolvimento de fala, linguagem e aprendizado, torna-se imprescindível que anormalidades auditivas tanto periféricas como centrais sejam identificadas e tratadas precocemente nesta população. Objetivo: Caracterizar os achados das avaliações comportamentais, eletroacústicas e eletrofisiológicas da audição em crianças com desnutrição, bem como compará-los aos obtidos em crianças saudáveis da mesma faixa etária. Métodos: Foram realizados exames de audiometria tonal, logoaudiometria, teste dicótico de dígitos, imitanciometria, potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE) e potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência (PEALL) em 31 crianças desnutridas (grupo estudo) e 34 crianças saudáveis (grupo controle), com idade entre 7 e 12 anos, de ambos os gêneros. Resultados: Na análise dos dados quantitativos da audiometria tonal foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para os limiares auditivos nas frequências de 250 e 8000 Hz, tendo o grupo estudo apresentado limiares auditivos mais elevados. Na análise qualitativa, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, apesar de duas crianças do grupo estudo apresentarem perda auditiva discreta. Na análise dos dados qualitativos, não foram encontradas alterações na logoaudiometria para os dois grupos. No teste dicótico de dígitos, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, sendo observada uma maior proporção de crianças com alteração no grupo estudo. Ambos os grupos apresentaram resultados alterados na imitanciometria, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Ambos os grupos apresentaram resultados normais do PEATE. Na análise dos dados quantitativos dos PEALL, verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para as latências dos componentes P1, N1 e P300, sendo que o grupo estudo apresentou latências maiores para todos os componentes. Na avaliação da amplitude do P300, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as orelhas direita e esquerda do grupo controle, sendo a amplitude do P300 maior na orelha direita. Por sua vez, no grupo estudo, não houve diferença significativa entre as orelhas direita e esquerda. Tanto o grupo controle quanto o grupo estudo apresentaram alterações nos resultados do PEALL, havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para os componentes P1, N1 e P300, sendo que o grupo estudo apresentou maior ocorrência de alterações. O tipo de alteração predominante nos componentes P1 e P300 foi o aumento de latência e, para o componente N1, foi a ausência de resposta no grupo estudo; para o grupo controle, o tipo de alteração predominante nos componentes P1, N1 e P300 foi o aumento de latência. Devido ao predomínio de crianças desnutridas de grau leve (58,1%), não foi possível estabelecer uma correlação entre o grau da desnutrição e a alteração dos PEALL. Conclusão: Crianças com desnutrição apresentaram mais alterações na avaliação comportamental da audição (audiometria tonal e teste dicótico de dígitos) e nos PEALL do que as crianças saudáveis, sugerindo déficit na via auditiva central e alteração no processamento da informação acústica. Há a necessidade de mais estudos para melhor caracterizar as alterações fonoaudiológicas e audiológicas desta população.Introduction: Protein-energy malnutrition is a major public health problem in Brazil. It is more frequent among pre-school aged children and it compromises growth. Malnutrition may cause changes to the central nervous system depending on its intensity, time of incidence and duration, irreversibly compromising intellectual functions. Considering the importance of Peripheral and Central Auditory System integrity to the acquisition and development of speech, language and learning, it is crucial that both peripheral and central auditory abnormalities are identified and treated early in this population. Objective: To describe the findings of behavioral, electroacoustic and electrophysiological auditory assessments of malnourished children, as well as comparing them with findings from healthy children within the same age group. Methods: The following tests were performed in 31 malnourished children (study group) and 34 healthy children (control group), aged 7 to 12, from both genders: pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, dichotic digit test, immittance measures, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and long-latency auditory evoked potential (LLAEP). Results: While analyzing quantitative data from pure tone audiometry we observed statistically significant differences between groups for hearing thresholds at frequencies of 250 and 8000 Hz; the study group had higher hearing thresholds. As for quantitative analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between groups, although two children in the study group showed slight hearing loss. While analyzing qualitative data we did not find any changes in speech audiometry in any of the groups. As for the dichotic digit test, there was a statistically significant difference between groups, with a higher proportion of abnormal children in the study group. Both groups showed abnormal immittance measures results, although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Both showed normal BAEP results. When analyzing quantitative LLAEP data we observed a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of latency of components P1, N1 and P300; the study group had higher latencies for all components. When analyzing P300 amplitudes, there was a statistically significant difference between the right and left ears in the control group; P300 amplitudes was wider for the right ear. On the other hand, the study group did not show any statistically significant difference between the right and left ears. Both the control and study group shoed abnormal LLAEP results. There was a statistically significant difference between groups for components P1, N1 and P300; abnormalities were more frequent in the study group. The type of predominant abnormality in components P1 and P300 was increased latency and for component N1 it was lack of response in the study group; for the control group the type of predominant abnormality in components P1, N1 and P300 was increased latency. Because most children were only slightly malnourished (58.1%), it was not possible to establish a correlation between the level of malnutrition and LLAEP abnormalities. Conclusion: Malnourished children showed more abnormalities in auditory behavioral assessment (pure tone audiometry and dichotic digit test) and LLAEP than healthy children. This suggests a deficit in central auditory pathways and abnormalities in the processing of acoustic information. Further studies are necessary to better describe speech and language and hearing abnormalities in this population.
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Uchôa, Natacha Toniazzi. "Prevalência de perda auditiva em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1812.
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Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência de alterações auditivas em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e estudar as variáveis que possam estar relacionadas com as alterações da acui-dade auditiva. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal que incluiu todos os recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso admitidos na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre no período de 1o de setembro de 2001 a 31 de janeiro de 2002. To-dos os pacientes foram submetidos ao exame de otoemissão acústica evocada por produto de distorção no momento da alta hospitalar. O exame foi repetido em 30 dias quando havia alte-ração no primeiro exame. Quando o paciente apresentava o exame de otoemissão acústica al-terada em duas ocasiões, era realizado o potencial auditivo evocado cerebral, considerado al-terado a partir de 35 dB NA. Resultados: foram estudados 96 recém-nascidos. Seis tiveram tanto o exame de otoemissão acústica quanto o potencial auditivo evocado cerebral alterados. A média da idade gestacional foi de 31,5 ± 2,6 semanas, o peso de nascimento variou de 640 a 1.500 g e 57,3% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino. A idade gestacional e o índice de Apgar no 5o minuto foram inferiores no grupo otoemissão acústica e potencial auditivo evocado cerebral alterados em relação aos demais grupos, atingindo significância limítrofe. Conclusões: a prevalência de perda auditiva nos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso da Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre foi de 6,3%, tendo sido observadas associações de significância limítrofe com idade gestacional e índice de Apgar no 5o minuto.Objectives: to evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss in very low birth weight patients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and to study the variables that can be related to hearing loss. Methods: a transversal study was carried through including all very low birth weight neonates admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre during September 1, 2000 to January 31, 2002. All patients were undergone to the distortion evoked otoacoustic emission test in the hospital discharge. When the patient presented alteration in this test, it was repeated in 30 days. However, when the patient who presented pathologic otoacoustic emission on two ocasions was undergone to the auditory evoked brain response. This test was considered abnormal from 35 dB NA. Results: we studied 96 neonates. Six children presented alteration in the distortion evoked otoacoustic emission test as well in the auditory evoked brain response. The children age average was 31.5 ± 2.6 weeks, their birth weight was between 640 g and 1,500 g, and 57.3% of the patients were female. The gestational age and the Apgar score at 5 minutes were inferior in the otoacoustic emission and auditory evoked brain response abnormal group related to the other groups, reaching bordering significance. Conclusions: the hearing loss prevalence of the very low birth weight neonates from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the HCPA was 6.3%, and it was observed bordering significance associations related to gestational age and 5 minutes Apgar score.
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Lu, Chun Huo, and 盧春火. "A research study on background noise of audiometric test rooms of Taiwan district area." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59644223183064172158.
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