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Lindstädt-Dreusicke, Nadine, and Oliver Budzinski. "The Video-on-Demand Market in Germany." Journal of Media Management and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (2020): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmme.2020010107.
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The markets for audiovisual content are subject to dynamic change. Where once “traditional” television was dominating, i.e. linear audiovisual media services, markets display nowadays the strong growth of different types of video-on-demand (VoD), i.e. nonlinear audiovisual media services including paid-for VoD such as Netflix and advertised-financed VoD like YouTube. This article aims at providing insights into the VoD market in general and the competitive environment in particular. For doing so, the authors first present recent developments in the German VoD market. In the second part of this article, the authors focus on the (perhaps special) role of YouTube in the market for audiovisual (online) services. Thereby arguments for and against YouTube exerting competitive pressure on i) other non-linear audiovisual media services (e.g. Netflix) as well as ii) on other linear audiovisual media service providers (TV stations) are discussed. The article concludes that there are numerous pros and cons speaking for a relevant role of YouTube for both markets.
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Novitasari, Eka. "Layanan Informasi dengan Media Audiovisual untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman tentang Motif Menikah dikalangan Siswa." Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application 8, no. 2 (2019): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijgc.v8i2.22387.
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Media audiovisual dapat digunakan sebagai media layanan informasi yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh konselor dan siswa untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami materi layanan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membuktikan apakah layanan informasi dengan media audiovisual efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang motif menikah dikalangan siswa kelas XII SMK Muhammadyah Sayung Demak. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah termasuk dalam jenis eksperimental design, dengan metode the one group pre test – post test design. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII SMK Muhammadyah Sayung Demak tahun ajaran 2017/2018 sebanyak 18 siswa. Instrument yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah instrument tes pemahaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pemahaman tentang motif menikah dikalangan siswa sebelum dan sesudah diberikan layanan informasi dengan media audiovisual (z= 3.732, P<0.05). Jadi layanan informasi dengan media audiovisual efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang motif menikah dikalangan siswa. Penelitian ini mempunyai implikasi bahwa guru bimbingan konseling disekolah perlu memberikan layanan informasi dengan media audiovisual untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang motif menikah dikalangan siswa.
 
 Audiovisual media can be used as an information service medium that can be used by counselors and students to help students understand the service materials. The aim of the research is to prove whether information service with audiovisual media is effective to improve understanding about married motives among class XII students of SMK Muhammadyah Sayung Demak. The design of this study is included in the type of experimental design, with the method of the one group pre test - post test design. Subjects in this study were students of class XII SMK Muhammadyah Sayung Demak academic year 2017/2018 as many as 18 students. The instrument used in data collection is the comprehension test instrument. The results showed that there was an increased understanding of the motives of marriage among students before and after being given information services with audiovisual media (z = 3.732, P <0.05). this study has implications that information services with audiovisual media are effective to improve understanding of the motives of marriage among students.
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Vlassis, Antonios. "The review of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive." Politique européenne 56, no. 2 (2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/poeu.056.0102.
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Badźmirowska-Masłowska, Katarzyna. "Zmiany dyrektywy o audiowizualnych usługach medialnych w świetle polityki Unii Europejskiej." Zarządzanie Mediami 8, no. 4 (2020): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23540214zm.20.044.12648.
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Revision of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive in the light of European media policy The Audiovisual Media Services Directive, 2010/13/UE, due to development of convergence and digitalization phenomena, has responded to the technological paradigm shift, thereby continuing the late 1980s standard of transfrontier television. The dramatic shift of all aspects of audiovisual sector which has occurred for the last decade, triggered the adoption of its revision on the 14th of November, 2018 which creates a media framework for the 21st century. The aim of the article is to point out – within the frame of historical aspects of European media policy, including a digital single market impact – the wide spectrum of its implications, taking into consideration the dual – cultural and economic – status of audiovisual media services. Hence, the analysis of certain regulatory changes, concerning the following issues, ought to be mentioned: 1) the scope of the audiovisual media notion; 2) principles of jurisdiction; 3) independence of national media regulators; 4) promotion of European works; 5) requirements for audiovisual commercial communications; 6) consumer protection. The presentation of the subject in the light of the regulation historical aspects allows to come to the certain conclusions regarding the political, economic, social and cultural feasible results of the mentioned changes and their impact on media organisation and management in the new audiovisual environment. Therefore, the legal approach is justified; the interpretation of the law with the subsidiary role of methodological trend of legal hermeneutics are applied.
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Badźmirowska-Masłowska, Katarzyna. "Zmiany dyrektywy o audiowizualnych usługach medialnych w świetle polityki Unii Europejskiej." Zarządzanie Mediami 8, no. 4 (2020): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23540214zm.20.044.12648.
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Revision of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive in the light of European media policy The Audiovisual Media Services Directive, 2010/13/UE, due to development of convergence and digitalization phenomena, has responded to the technological paradigm shift, thereby continuing the late 1980s standard of transfrontier television. The dramatic shift of all aspects of audiovisual sector which has occurred for the last decade, triggered the adoption of its revision on the 14th of November, 2018 which creates a media framework for the 21st century. The aim of the article is to point out – within the frame of historical aspects of European media policy, including a digital single market impact – the wide spectrum of its implications, taking into consideration the dual – cultural and economic – status of audiovisual media services. Hence, the analysis of certain regulatory changes, concerning the following issues, ought to be mentioned: 1) the scope of the audiovisual media notion; 2) principles of jurisdiction; 3) independence of national media regulators; 4) promotion of European works; 5) requirements for audiovisual commercial communications; 6) consumer protection. The presentation of the subject in the light of the regulation historical aspects allows to come to the certain conclusions regarding the political, economic, social and cultural feasible results of the mentioned changes and their impact on media organisation and management in the new audiovisual environment. Therefore, the legal approach is justified; the interpretation of the law with the subsidiary role of methodological trend of legal hermeneutics are applied.
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Zvozdetska, Oksana. "Controling and governance of audiovisual media services in Poland." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 33-34 (August 25, 2017): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2016.33-34.213-221.
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The paper attempts to outline the Polish National Broadcasting Council’s establishing and evaluating its activities. The author observes that after 1989, one of the most essential achievements of the Polish media market was the creation of the National Broadcasting Council (Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji KRRiT), that laid the foundations for a new media landscape in Poland. In a broader perspective, despite being criticized, the National Broadcasting Council is to meet high expectations for the electronic media regulation, its impact on state policy in implementing cultural and educational tasks by the Polish community broadcasters. Concurrently, making mistakes and handling criticism was partly caused by the Council politicization bias, a large executive subordination that doesn’t comply both with the Law “On Television and Radio Broadcasting” and European practice. Notable, the success of community broadcasters, who value interaction with viewers and listeners, should be a model for audiovisual sector to emulate.
 Keywords: Mass Media, the National Broadcasting Council, Advisory Council, audiovisual sector
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Raake, A., J. Gustafsson, S. Argyropoulos, et al. "IP-Based Mobile and Fixed Network Audiovisual Media Services." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 28, no. 6 (2011): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2011.942472.
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Chzhen', An' Chzhao. "THE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF E–COMMERCE SERVICES IN THE UNITED STATES." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-1-85-94.
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The article deals with the latest trends in US trade in electronic services, in particular audiovisual services, computer services and data processing services, telecommunication services. Since 2007 trade of audiovisual services has been the most significant in theUSe-services export. The largest consumers of these services are the European Union, Asia and the Pacific region (the main consumers areChinaandIndia) and Central and South America (BrazilandArgentina). Among the countries, the main importers of American audiovisual services are theUK,CanadaandGermany. The main share of audiovisual services is occupied by film distribution and streaming media. In theUSAaudiovisual services are imported by theUK,Brazil,Mexico,CanadaandArgentina. For several years there is a deficit in the trade turnover of computer services in theUnited States. The main importers of these services from theUnited Statesare theUnited Kingdom.Canada,Switzerland,India,Germany. TheUSA, in turn, uses computer services fromIndia(47%),Canada,Ireland, theUKandGermany. The American telecommunications market is about a quarter of the world's, so theUSAis the largest national market for this type of service. The importing countries of theUStelecommunications services are theUnited Kingdom,Mexico,India,Canadaand theNetherlands, and the main export consumers areBrazil,Argentina, theUnited Kingdom,VenezuelaandCanada.
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Servaes, Jan. "‘Europe 1992’: The audiovisual challenge." Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 49, no. 1-2 (1992): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001654929204900105.
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The article discusses the changing role of the European Community and its impact on national media systems and policies. It claims that the EC-policies advocate total freedom to provide services across borders, and that, therefore, total liberalization may lead to a future cultural synchronization and economic oligopolization of Europe. The main arguments presented are: 1. The national, and especially the European policies regarding telecommunication services in general and broadcasting in particular are based on economic in stead of cultural considerations. This trend will continue after 1992. 2. The public service broadcasting structure and philosophy has undergone major changes throughout the last decades. These changes, initiated by internal as well as external factors, have affected the organizational and finance structures, and the programming of public service broadcasting. 3. It is questionable whether the European policies will be in the advantage of the so-called smaller countries in the European Community, like for instance Belgium or the Netherlands, on the one hand, and whether these policies will be able to secure a free and balanced flow of information, ideas, opinions and cultural activities within the Community on the other hand.
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Kokoly, Zsolt. "The Anti-Circumvention Procedure in the Audiovisual Media Services Directive." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Legal Studies 8, no. 1 (2019): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47745/ausleg.2019.8.1.03.
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Recent challenges in the EU business sector also comprise the revision of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (the new text in force since December 2018), the main media policy tool of the EU which establishes the legal framework for a convergent media landscape that comprises linear, non-linear audiovisual media services and, recently, also video-sharing platforms (VSPs) and user-generated content. One of the novelties in the revised text of the AVMSD is the new set of legal provisions enshrined in Art. 4 referring to the anti-circumvention procedure, a phenomenon the European media landscape has long been familiar with (i.e. broadcasters from another Member State circumventing the stricter rules of the target Member State). The need for a more transparent and efficient regulation originated in the practical difficulties of applying (pre-revision) Art. 4 by national regulating authorities (NRAs) as in many cases providers of audiovisual media services falling under another Member State’s jurisdiction refused to comply with their stricter rules or did not show any willingness to collaborate. The burden of proving the existence of circumvention or the evidence base to identify has proved to be a particularly difficult task for NRAs. The amended text of the AVMSD extends the power of the Member States to trigger the anti-circumvention procedure based on reasonable cause rather than the former requirement to prove the intention of circumvention by the provider. Also, the new set of provisions allows Member States to have circumvention reasonably established. Another novelty in the anti-circumvention procedure is the mandatory opinion that is to be requested by the European Commission from the European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services(ERGA). The paper proposes to discuss the evolution of anti-circumvention measures in the two versions of the AVMSD as well as the projected effect on the phenomenon of circumvention of stricter rules on the new provisions.
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Smith, R. C. "Media Convergence and the Regulation of Audiovisual Content: Is the European Community's Audiovisual Media Services Directive Fit for Purpose?" Current Legal Problems 60, no. 1 (2007): 238–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clp/60.1.238.
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Dabrovolskas, Audrius. "The Necessity of the Digital Single Market Strategy for Small Media Markets: Case of the Biggest Video-on-Demand Platforms in Lithuania and Estonia." Žurnalistikos Tyrimai 12, no. 12 (2018): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/zt/jr.2017.12.11784.
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This article analyzes the biggest Lithuanian and Estonian video-on-demand (VOD) platforms including Telia, their capabilities for fostering European film production and mass media in general. It is important to accentuate that non-linear TV and VOD services are attracting more and more users in Europe, and it is even considered that VOD could become a strong competitor for theatrical releases in film distribution, while, in the context of mass media, the growth of users might be associated with potential threats of propaganda, which still has its own distribution mechanisms within linear TV. However, the audiovisual content that is being supplied for the users of VOD platforms and TV is also regulated by the Audiovisual Media Service Directive (AVMSD). Without regulation, the users of VOD platforms and TV might face a limited choice of audiovisual content. Therefore, the Digital Single Market (DSM) strategy is aimed at creating a single market in Europe and eliminating the geo-blocking that limits user abilities to use VOD services during travel across borders while also establishing better access to digital goods and services at the same time. Looking from the perspective of the VOD platform, a DSM strategy might bring about a monopolization of VOD services in Europe; in that case, the little markets of the Baltic States would suffer. Another important issue that small media markets come across is related to the level of propaganda that is being transmitted from Russian TV channels that are registered in different EU countries. The article argues, and the research results show, that a DSM strategy and the elimination of geo-blocking do not eliminate the problem of fostering European audiovisual content that is and could be available to the users of VOD platforms in Lithuania and Estonia, and that these measures do not pay significant attention to EU’s consumer protection issues.
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Smith, Rachael Craufurd. "Determining Regulatory Competence for Audiovisual Media Services in the European Union." Journal of Media Law 3, no. 2 (2011): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/175776311799280755.
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Síthigh, Daithí Mac. "‘TV-like’: Aesthetics, Quality and Genre in the Regulation of Video-on-Demand Services." Journal of British Cinema and Television 14, no. 4 (2017): 464–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2017.0389.
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From 2010 to 2015, video-on-demand services in the UK were regulated by the Authority for Television on Demand (ATVOD), under an agreement with the statutory regulator Ofcom and applying the pan-European standards introduced through the 2007 EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive. A key question for the regulators and for service providers was whether any given service fell within the ‘scope’ of the law – that is, which services met the legal definition of an on-demand audiovisual media service. This is a study of how Ofcom exercised its role as the final arbiter of that definition, through a close examination of its fifteen decisions in appeals against initial determinations by ATVOD. The use of the legal test for ‘comparability’ with conventional television services, and the regulatory focus on ‘TV-like’ on-demand services, has demonstrated the significance of production and aesthetics as a determinant of regulation. In particular, production decisions regarding titles, credits and duration, as well as a range of issues of perceived quality (audio, video, voice-over, editing and the like), have been taken into account. It is contended that Ofcom has relied on focus group research rather than on wider insights from television studies research in assessing these factors, and that the underlying Directive may have been flawed in its concepts and definitions.
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Ibrus, Indrek. "Audiovisual Policymaking in Estonia at Times of Convergence: An ‘Innovation System’ as a Policy Rationale." Baltic Screen Media Review 3, no. 1 (2015): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsmr-2015-0026.
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Abstract The first thing this article tries to do is discuss the Estonian audiovisual media and content production system in its entirety - i.e. to look at film, television and interactive audiovisual services as an increasingly integrated system. Secondly, it tries to understand the issues that this convergence process presents to these formerly distinct sub-fields of the audiovisual culture, as well as for the country’s cultural policy makers. Thirdly, it presents an alternative rationale for audiovisual policymaking - reconceptualising the policy in support of an ‘innovation system’. The aim of this policy would be to improve ‘innovation coordination’ - to make the system generate more innovative cultural forms and representations, which at the aggregate level would translate into increased cultural diversity. The article assesses the innovation coordination within the Estonian audiovisual media and content production system.
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Presser, Tony. "Conference summary regulating the new media landscape: A directive for audiovisual media services without frontiers." ERA Forum 7, no. 2 (2006): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-006-0009-9.
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Valcke, Peggy, and David Stevens. "Graduated regulation of ‘regulatable’ content and the European Audiovisual Media Services Directive." Telematics and Informatics 24, no. 4 (2007): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2007.01.004.
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Ongena, G., L. A. L. van de Wijngaert, and E. Huizer. "Designing online audiovisual heritage services: an empirical study of two comparable online video services." New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia 19, no. 1 (2013): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2013.772662.
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Amalia, Rizki, Hamzah Hamzah, and Zainal Fauzi. "EFEKTIVITAS LAYANAN INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA AUDIOVISUAL UNTUK MENGURANGI PERILAKU MEROKOK PADA SISWA MTS AL-AZHAR KECAMATAN ALALAK KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018." JURNAL MAHASISWA BK AN-NUR : BERBEDA, BERMAKNA, MULIA 4, no. 2 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/jmbkan.v4i2.1451.
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The problem in this research is that there are some students who are known to have smoked in MTs Al-Azhar. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the level of smoking behavior before and after students treated. The method used is experimental method with type pre-experimental design in the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The method of solving the problem is to provide information services using audiovisual media on the sample after the pre-test. The population is the entire class VIII MTs Al-Azhar and the sample is one class of 30 students. The sampling technique in this research is purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques used in this study are descriptive statistics and inferential statistics Wilcoxon test with the help of SPSS application version 22. Based on the results of descriptive analysis obtained pretest results of 37% and posttest of 32%. Then based on Wilcoxon test statistical analysis results with the help of SPSS 22 applications obtained Zhitung of -3.817 with 5% significance level of 0.05 and Asymp.Sig = 0,000. Because Asymp.Sig = 0.000 <0.05, Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference of smoking behavior of grade VIII students of MTs Al Azhar Alalak Sub-district, Barito Kuala District in the year 2017/2018 between before and after given information service using audiovisual media. Keywords: Information Services; Audiovisual Media; Smoking Behavior
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Nicolaou, Constantinos. "Qualitative Methods Research Through the Internet Applications and Services: The Contribution of Audiovisual Media Technology as Technology-Enhanced Research." International Research in Higher Education 6, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v6n1p1.
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This article discusses traditional methods and techniques of methodological qualitative research using the Internet applications and services as technology-enhanced research. The rapid developments of technology have reformed the methodology of qualitative research with new trends and perspectives of research methods, which are now carried out from and through the Internet (e.g., audiovisual methods from and through audiovisual media technology). The Internet is now a huge research challenge for researchers as an opportunity for action (such as the philosophy and the methodology of action research). Through extensive and rich literature, an attempt is made to understand the whole subject in relation to audiovisual media technology, which requires many new skills and abilities. The main purpose of this article is to become an important guide, but also a list of (new) methods for conducting a qualitative research, while its bibliography can be used as a source for further study.
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Lutovac, Zoran. "Audiovisual content accessibility for persons with disabilities in the human rights framevork." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 159-160 (2016): 859–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1660859l.
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Accessibility of audiovisual content for people with disabilities is strongly related to the right of freedom of opinion and expression, right to the equal treatment and the right to freedom from discrimination. UN, Council of Europe and the European Union regulate the issue of accessibility, including the accessibility of information and communication technology, ICT, by a number of documents ? conventions, charters, directives, etc. However, the most important international instrument stressing this issue in the context of human rights is the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Enormous developments in the field of ICT open up a large scope of opportunities for persons with disabilities to have barrier-free access to the audiovisual content. Among other things, digital distribution should make the audiovisual content fully accessible to all. The legal framework of the Republic of Serbia regulating this issue in general is in line with European standards, however, the percentage of fully accessible audiovisual content is far below acceptable in Europe. Stronger obligations for private and public broadcasters to provide fully accessible media content, the introduction of quotas, giving new and more binding powers to telecom and media regulatory body, etc., are some of the ideas that, applied in Europe, had generated much better situation in the audiovisual area for people with sensory impairments. Without redefined and more binding obligations of broadcasters, without larger powers of regulatory bodies, which would mean the possibility of introducing sanctions for certain actions or lack of action of both public and private media services, at this level of social responsibility awareness, media service providers can always refer to the lack of technical and financial capacities in their response why they did not provide accessible content in their programs. Hence, only with great optimism it can be expected that audiovisual area in Serbia in the near future will be barrier-free in a more significant extent in order to finally achieve the goal of audiovisual world accessible to all.
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Griff, Catherine, and Drew MacRae. "Flexible Vision: Emerging Audiovisual Technologies and Services, and Options to Support Australian Content." Media International Australia 111, no. 1 (2004): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411100105.
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The Australian audiovisual industry is facing two significant policy challenges — rapid technological change and trade liberalisation — both of which have the potential to limit the scope of government regulatory action to support local content. The Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) brought into focus both of these challenges, with Australia's ability to regulate future audiovisual delivery services becoming a central issue of the services negotiations. This article draws upon recent research by the Australian Film Commission on regulatory options to ensure the ongoing availability of Australian content via new media. Internationally, many new media technologies are now regulated to support local content, and many governments are reviewing content regulation options on digital and interactive delivery systems. This article discusses the merits of the key policy levers available to government in order to support the continued presence of Australian content in new services and delivery technologies.
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Jõesaar, Andres. "One Country, Two Polarised Audiences: Estonia and the Deficiency of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive." Media and Communication 3, no. 4 (2015): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v3i4.383.
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This article argues that until recent times, the Estonian media policy has mainly been interpreted as an economic issue and it did not account for the strategic need to build a comprehensive media field to serve all groups in society. This has happened despite the fact the Estonian media policy is in line with the European Union (EU) media policy, which should ensure freedom of information, diversity of opinion and media pluralism. Findings of the Estonian case study show that despite these noble aims, Estonia has two radically different information fields: one for Estonian speaking audiences and one for Russian speakers. Events in Ukraine have added to the democratic media policy paradigm a question of national security. Now it is a challenge for the policy makers to unite polarised media fields and how to minimise the impact of Russian propaganda. On the EU level, one supportive measure could be a revision of the Audiovisual Media Service Directive.
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Stroyko, Iryna. "Novels of legal regulation of the video-sharing platforms in the context of the related rights in the programme." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.62.
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In thisArticle the author reveals the interrelation of the term of the online content-sharing service provider under the EU Directiveon copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and term of video-sharing platform provider under the revised AudiovisualMedia Services Directive (AVMSD).Section (62) of the recitals of the Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market highlights that the definitionof the online content sharing service provider should target only online services that play an important role on the online contentmarket by competing with other online content services, such as online audio and video streaming services, for the same audiences.The author emphasizes that the distinctive feature of the activities of the online content-sharing service provider should be theintent to make direct or indirect profitGuidelines on video-sharing platforms under the revised AVMSD as issued by the European Commission on the 2nd of July 2020stipulate for four (4) categories of indicators to be considered by the EU member states while assessing specific service as a video-sha -ring platform service:1) the relationship between the audiovisual content and the main economic activity or activities of the service;2) quantitative and qualitative relevance of the audiovisual content available on the service;3) monetisation of the audiovisual content or revenue generation from such content;4) the availability of tools aimed at enhancing the visibility or attractiveness of the audiovisual content.In the author’s opinion, the above mentioned indicators may be also taken into account for the purpose of qualification of theonline content-sharing service provider under Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market.The revisedAVMSD provides for the new definition of the term “programme”, according to which a set of objects of copyright andrelated rights may be chosen by a media service provider not only within a schedule (being characteristic for the traditional linear TV), butwithin a specific catalogue established by such provider (being an element of the non-linear TV, i.e. video-on-demand services).The author discovers the peculiarities of realization of the act of communication to the public by the online content-sharing ser -vice provider under the legislation of the European Union.She analyzes the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) with respect to the definition of right of communicationto public in cases of sale of a multimedia player with pre-installed add-ons containing hyperlinks to illegal streaming websitesand activities of peer-to-peer networks.The author makes a comparison of the definition of video-sharing platform given under the draft Law of Ukraine “On Media”with the terminology used in the EU Directives. She highlights the necessity of harmonization of the current legislation of Ukraine tothe requirements of the EU legislation regulating the activities of video-sharing platform providers.
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Hadijah, Sitti, Hidayati Hidayati, Indriani Indriani, and Wirawati Amin. "Penyuluhan dengan Media Audiovisual Memengaruhi Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Kebutuhan Dasar Ibu Hamil." Jurnal Kebidanan Malakbi 2, no. 2 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33490/b.v2i2.458.
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Efforts to accelerate the reduction of the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) can be carried out by ensuring that every mother is able to access quality maternal health services. Audiovisual media is one of the extension media that stimulates the senses of sight and hearing so as to increase mother's knowledge about the basic needs of pregnant women. This study aims to determine the effect of counseling with audiovisual media on the level of knowledge of mothers about the basic needs of pregnant women. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental research design non equivalent control group design. The sampling technique in this study used a consecutive sampling technique, as many as 32 respondents in the experimental group and 32 respondents in the control group. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon test and the Mann Withney U-Test. From the results of the Wicoxon test in the two treatment groups, it was found that the p value (Asymp. Sig 2-tailed) was 0.000<0.05 so it could be concluded that there were significant differences in the extension group with audiovisual media and the extension group with leaflet media. The results of the analysis of the Mann Withney U-Test showed the largest p-value of 0.003<0.05 so it can be concluded that audiovisual counseling is more effectively used to increase mother's knowledge about the basic needs of pregnant women compared to leaflet media.
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Ranaivoson, Heritiana, and Simon Delaere. "MEDIA INNOVATION AND BUSINESS MODELS: THE CASE OF END-TO-END IMMERSIVE AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES." IADIS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON WWW/INTERNET 16, no. 1 (2018): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33965/ijwi_2018161103.
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Gjurkovikj, Lucija, and Toni Malinovski. "Information and Communication Technology Driven Process Reengineering for Content Monitoring." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 10, no. 1 (2019): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2019010102.
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When organizations analyze and significantly change their business processes with latest information and communication technology (ICT) in mind, they can reduce process time and cost, as well as increase efficiency and output quality. This study elaborates an ICT-enabled reengineering project in the Agency for audio and audiovisual media services in the Republic of Macedonia for the program monitoring process. It aims to investigate the motivation to use ICT as a way to shape the process redesign and find associations among ICT adaptation, process reengineering, organizational growth and efficiency. Hence, the new process structure can help the agency deliver greater public value while meeting its strategic goals to protect citizens' interests in the area of audio and audiovisual media services. It provides an example of a case study that surpasses standard industrial report to an article that contains valuable information that companies, especially in the public sector, can use in replicating experiences while undertaking similar BPR initiatives.
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Sánchez Ruiz, Mercedes. "La regulación europea actual sobre emplazamiento de producto y la propuesta de reforma de la directiva de servicios de comunicación audiovisual = The current European rules governing product placement and the new legislative proposal amending the audiovisual media services directive." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 9, no. 2 (2017): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2017.3884.
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Resumen: La Directiva 2010/13/UE, de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual (DSCA) establece la regulación europea vigente sobre emplazamiento de producto. Algunas de sus previsiones son principios que resultan difíciles de aplicar en la práctica (“prominencia indebida”, “influencia que afecta a la independencia editorial del prestador de servicios”). Asimismo, el emplazamiento de producto, por su propia naturaleza, no puede distinguirse con facilidad de la publicidad encubierta. El 25 de mayo de 2016, la Comisión Europea hizo pública una propuesta legislativa para modificar la Directiva de servicios de comunicación audiovisual que incide sobre esta materia. Este artículo examina el régimen de la DSCA sobre emplazamiento de producto y las modificaciones proyectadas. La principal conclusión alcanzada es que la propuesta de Directiva publicada por la Comisión podría dificultar aún más la interpretación y aplicación del régimen jurídico de esta figura.Palabras clave: comunicación comercial audiovisual, emplazamiento de producto, publicidad encubierta, competencia desleal.Abstract: The Directive 2010/13/EU on Audiovisual Media Services (AVMSD) provides the EU current rules on product placement. Some of its provisions are standards, so that they may be difficult to apply (“undue prominence”, “influence that affects the editorial independence of the media service provider”). By its very nature, product placement cannot be clearly distinguished from surreptitious advertising. On 25 May 2016 the European Commission published a legislative proposal for amending the AVMS Directive that affects this issue. The research article examines the rules on product placement under the AVMSD and the proposed amendments. The main conclusion is the proposal published by the EU Commission would not make the rules on product placement clearer and easier to apply.Keywords: audiovisual commercial communication, product placement, surreptitious advertising, unfair competition.
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Kokoly, Zsolt. "Exceptions to the Principle of Free Transmission and Retransmission of Audiovisual Media Content − Recent European Case-Law." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Legal Studies 9, no. 1 (2020): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47745/ausleg.2020.9.1.05.
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Case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, as well as procedures taking place before the Commission aiming to clarify certain aspects regarding freedom of services – in this case, the principle of free transmission and retransmission of audiovisual media services – have always been regarded as particularly important in offering guidance in interpreting and applying European legal norms. The adoption in December 2018 of the revised text of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (Directive 2018/1808) marks the transition to a new, amended legal framework. It also enables the critical review of the last case decided in front of the Court of Justice of the European Union, still instrumented according to the provisions of Directive 2010/13/EU: Case C‑622/17 (Baltic Media Alliance v. Lietuvos radijo ir televizijos komisija). While the main focus of the present paper lies with Case C‑622/17, for a cogent understanding of the extended judicial and legal context of the case, we will briefly examine the four procedures successfully submitted to the Commission (by Lithuania and Latvia between 2015 and 2018), based on Art. 3 of the AVMSD (restriction based on public policy reasons, in this case incitement to hatred), and the only procedure based on Art. 4 (the “anti-circumvention procedure”) submitted in the lifespan of Directive 2010/13/EU by the Kingdom of Sweden (2017).
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Rizzo, Alessandra. "Museums as Disseminators of Niche Knowledge." Journal of Audiovisual Translation 2, no. 2 (2019): 92–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.47476/jat.v2i2.93.
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Accessibility has been facing several challenges within Audiovisual Translation Studies and has also gained great opportunities for its establishment as a methodologically and theoretically well-founded discipline. Audiovisual translation modes have achieved a crucial role in the transmission of what scholarly studies have discussed in relation to media accessibility as a set of services and practices providing access to audiovisual media content for persons with sensory impairment. Today accessibility has become a concept involving more and more universality, since it is extensively contributing to the dissemination of audiovisual and visual products about issues on minorities, and also addressing all human beings, regardless of cultural and social differences.
 Against this theoretical backdrop, accessibility is scrutinised within the context of aesthetics of marginalisation, migration, and minorities as modalities which encourage the diffusion of ‘niche’ knowledge, and as universal processes of translation and interpretation that provide access to all knowledge as counter discourse. Within this framework, the ways in which language is used can be considered the beginning of a type of local grammar for interlingual translation and subtitling applied to museum contexts of marginalisation, migration and minorities.
 Drawing upon well-established research in the field of audiovisual translation and media accessibility, and by adopting systemic-functional and lexical-semantic methodological approaches for translation quality assessment of museum text types, this study aims to put emphasis on accessibility as a societal instrument that contributes to giving voice to minorities through knowledge dissemination in English as a lingua franca by means of aesthetic narrative types within the field of the visual arts (i.e. museum settings). In this sense, accessibility is viewed as the embodiment of universality that ensures universal access to knowledge for all citizens as a human rights principle, while acting as an agent for the democratisation and transparency of information against media discourse distortions and oversimplifications.
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Gollmitzer, Mirjam. "Industry versus democracy: the new Audiovisual Media Services Directive as a site of ideological struggle." International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 4, no. 3 (2008): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/macp.4.3.331_1.
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Woods, Lorna. "The Consumer and Advertising Regulation in the Television without Frontiers and Audiovisual Media Services Directives." Journal of Consumer Policy 31, no. 1 (2008): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10603-007-9057-y.
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Utray, Francisco, Mercedes de Castro, Lourdes Moreno, and Belén Ruiz-Mezcua. "Monitoring Accessibility Services in Digital Television." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/294219.
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This paper addresses methodology and tools applied to the monitoring of accessibility services in digital television at a time when the principles of accessibility and design are being considered in all new audiovisual media communication services. The main objective of this research is to measure the quality and quantity of existing accessibility services offered by digital terrestrial television (DTT). The preliminary results, presented here, offer the development of a prototype for automatic monitoring and a methodology for obtaining quality measurements, along with the conclusions drawn by initial studies carried out in Spain. The recent approval of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities gives special relevance to this research because it provides valuable guidelines to help set the priorities to improve services currently available to users.
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Campos-Freire, Francisco, Marta Rodríguez-Castro, and Alejandro Gesto-Louro. "La reforma de la legislación audiovisual y de la cobertura electoral en España." Revista Latina, no. 76 (April 28, 2020): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2020-1441.
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Introduction: The purpose of this article is to propose the reform of the regulation in force in Spain on the coverage and treatment of information in the audiovisual media during electoral campaigns, in relation to the mandatory transposition into Spanish legislation, before the end of 2020, of Directive 1808/2018 of audiovisual communication. Methodology: For this, a review of the most relevant legislation in the field is carried out, including the Organic Law of Electoral Regime (LOREG by its acronym in Spanish) of 1985, the different laws of creation of public and private media, General 7/2010 Law of Audiovisual (LGA by its acronym in Spanish), the European Audiovisual Services Directive approved in 2018 and the regulation in other European countries on the organization of electoral debates and disinformation campaigns. Results: Although the 35 years of validity of the LOREG and its jurisprudence condition the legal framework of the audiovisual coverage of the electoral campaigns, it is possible to include in the transposition and reform of the LGA 7/2010 the regulation of the debates and new measures on the protection of pluralism, independence, and verification against fake news, issues that a group of Spanish academics raised during the public consultation of the Secretary of State for Digital Advancement (SEAD by its acronym in Spanish) of the Ministry of Economy and Business (MEE by its acronym in Spanish) on the transposition of Directive 1808/2018.
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Ariza, Lucía, and Manuel Carballo. "Publicidad de medicamentos y recepción audiovisual en Argentina. Un análisis de los reclamos realizados por las audiencias televisivas = Audiovisual publics and drug advertisement. An analysis of the claims received by the Publics Ombusmen." REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE COMUNICACIÓN EN SALUD 9, no. 2 (2018): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/recs.2018.4503.
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Resumen: El artículo examina los reclamos sobre publicidades de medicamentos realizados entre el 2012 y el 2017 por las audiencias de la radio y la televisión argentina en un organismo público nacional, la Defensoría del Público de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual. En base a un análisis estructurado sobre la noción de “campo semántico” (Adelstein, 1996), se destaca que el principal eje de incomodidad presentado por las audiencias es el de la “discriminación”, antes que otro tipo de objeciones ligadas más estrechamente al campo de la salud y de los medicamentos. El artículo se centra en dos casos que han captado la mayor cantidad de reclamos, una publicidad de un medicamento para síntomas menstruales y otra sobre un producto para combatir el acné. Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a una reflexión sobre las implicancias de las denuncias como mecanismo interpelador del Estado y promotor de la agencia ciudadana; así como la presencia y relevancia del concepto de “campo semántico” para el análisis de las denuncias.Palabras clave: salud; audiencias audiovisuales; participación ciudadana; servicios audiovisuales; campo semántico; Argentina.Abstract: The article examines the claims regarding drug advertisement presented by Argentine radio and TV audiences to the national media ombudsman between 2012 and 2017. Basing on the notion of ‘semantic field’ (Adelstein 1996), the analysis highlights that, rather than a discomfort felt with elements strictly related to ‘health’ or ‘medications’, ‘discrimination’ is the main source of complaint among Argentine media audiences. The article centres on the analysis of two cases which were the aim of the majority of claims: the advertisement of a drug to relieve menstruation-related pain, and a drug against acne. The results of this study contribute to a consideration of the implications of claims as a mechanism that fosters civic participation and the interpelation of the State; and the presence and relevance of the category of ‘semantic field’ for the analysis of claims.Keywords: health; audiovisual publics; civil participation; audiovisual services; semantic field; Argentina.
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Reding, Viviane. "The audiovisual media services directive: the right instrument to provide legal certainty for Europe‘s media businesses in the next decade." ERA Forum 7, no. 2 (2006): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-006-0008-x.
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NAPOLITANO, Carlo José, Flávia Piva Almeida LEITE, and Felipe De Oliveira MATEUS. "DA RADIODIFUSÃO PARA O AUDIOVISUAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A DEFINIÇÃO DE UM CONCEITO ABRANGENTE EM TEMPOS DE CONVERGÊNCIA MIDIÁTICA." Revista Juridica 2, no. 59 (2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v2i59.4089.
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RESUMO Objetivo: Indicar contribuições teóricas de documentos jurídicos e do campo comunicacional, nacionais e estrangeiros, para a superação do conceito de radiodifusão e sua ampliação para o conceito de audiovisual em um ambiente de convergência midiática. Metodologia: O presente trabalho lastreado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental utiliza-se de método analítico-sistemático dedutivo objetivando demonstrar as questões e apontar as contribuições teóricas, jurídicas e do campo comunicacional, e de documentos nacionais e estrangeiros acerca da temática. Resultados: A teoria e a legislação portuguesa, acrescidas das diretivas europeias sobre o audiovisual, podem contribuir para a definição de um conceito mais amplo de radiodifusão na legislação brasileira, ampliando-se o conceito para além do espectro eletromagnético, abarcando todo e qualquer serviço de comunicação social audiovisual, independente do suporte tecnológico. Contribuições: Uma definição e clarificação conceitual, necessária em tempos de convergência midiática e internacionalização dos mercados; fatos que impactam a regulação local, alterando a configuração do direito interno, em regra e historicamente pautado pelos aspectos arquitetônicos e estruturais de limitação do espectro eletromagnético, que caminha para uma regulação voltada ao conteúdo. Palavras-chave: Constituição; televisão; radiodifusão; convergência midiática; comunicação social. ABSTRACT Objective: To indicate theoretical contributions of legal documents and of the communication field, national and foreign, to overcome the concept of broadcasting and its expansion to the concept of audiovisual in an environment of media convergence. Methodology: The present paper backed by bibliographic and documentary research uses a deductive analytical-systematic method in order to demonstrate the issues and point out the theoretical, legal and communicational contributions, and of national and foreign documents on the subject.Results: The theory and Portuguese legislation, in addition to the European directives on audiovisual, can contribute to the definition of a broader concept of broadcasting in Brazilian legislation, expanding the concept beyond the electromagnetic spectrum, encompassing any and all broadcasting services, audiovisual media, regardless of technological support. Contributions: A definition and a conceptual clarification, necessary in times of media convergence and internationalization of markets; facts that impact local regulation, changing the configuration of domestic law, as a rule and historically guided by architectural and structural aspects of limitation of the electromagnetic spectrum, which moves towards regulation geared to content. Keywords: Constitution; television; broadcasting; media convergence; social communication.
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Dupagne, Michel. "Regulation of Sexually Explicit Videotex Services in France." Journalism Quarterly 71, no. 1 (1994): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100112.
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In the mid 1980s, concern arose over the rise of sexually explicit services on the French videotex system. In examining the legal implications of these messageries roses, this article reviews how French courts applied criminal law to penalize providers of allegedly pornographic message services. Although the Tribunal correctionnel de Paris relied on statutory law to resolve the Néron case, it refused to extend existing print and audiovisual media laws to cover videotex, based on a judicial precedent against the applicability of press legislation to broadcasting. In July 1991, the Court of Appeals of Amiens condemned three messagerie rose managers as accomplices of users who had produced pornographic announcements because they had intentionally permitted these actions to occur by providing users the means to publicize messages encouraging debauchery.
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Garde, Amandine. "Advertising Regulation and the Protection of Children-Consumers in the European Union: In the Best Interests of ... Commercial Operators?" International Journal of Children's Rights 19, no. 3 (2011): 523–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181811x587331.
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AbstractThis article argues that, despite its promise to mainstream the best interests of the child into all EU policies, the European Commission has failed to ensure that the EU internal market and consumer policies, which are at the heart of the EU legal order, adequately protect children. Two main pieces of EU legislation illustrate the argument: the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive and the Audiovisual Media Services Directive.
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Herold, Anna. "Country of Origin Principle in the EU Market for Audiovisual Media Services: Consumer’s Friend or Foe?" Journal of Consumer Policy 31, no. 1 (2008): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10603-007-9054-1.
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Elser, Matthias, Ronald Mies, Peter Altendorf, et al. "A business-driven framework for automatic information extraction in professional media production." International Journal of Web Information Systems 11, no. 3 (2015): 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-03-2015-0005.
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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a service-oriented framework for performing content annotation and search, adapted to the task context. Media production workflows are becoming increasingly distributed and heterogeneous.The tasks of professionals in media production can be supported by automatic content analysis and search and retrieval services. Design/methodology/approach – The processes of the framework are derived top-down, starting from business goals and scenarios in audiovisual media production. Formal models of tasks in the production workflow are defined, and business processes are derived from the task models. A software framework enabling the orchestrated execution of these models is developed. Findings – This paper presents a framework that implements the proposed approach called Metadata Production Management Framework (MPMF). The authors show how a media production workflow for a real-world scenario is implemented using the MPMF. Research limitations/implications – The authors have demonstrated the feasibility of a model-based approach for media processing. In the reification step, there is still information that needs to be provided in addition to the task models to obtain executable processes. Future research should target the further automation of this process. Practical implications – By means of this approach, the implementation of the business process defines the workflow, whereas the services that are actually used are defined by the configuration. Thus, the processes are stable and, at the same time, the services can be managed very flexibly. If necessary, service implementations can also be completely replaced by others without changing the business process implementation. Originality/value – The authors introduce a model-based approach to media processing and define a reification process from business-driven task models to executable workflows. This enables a more task-oriented design of media processing workflows and adaptive use of automatic information extraction tools.
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Doyle, María Magdalena, and Emilse Siares. "Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Communication with Identity in Argentina, 2009–2017." Latin American Perspectives 45, no. 3 (2018): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x18766909.
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Argentine Law 26.522 on Audiovisual Communication Services recognized, among other things, the right to communication for indigenous peoples. The cases of three indigenous radio stations in northern Argentina reveal the limits and possibilities of this normative transformation and the challenges to indigenous media posed by the changes in communications policy since the 2015 change of government. La ley argentina 26.522 de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual reconoció, entre otras cuestiones, el derecho a la comunicación de los pueblos originarios. Los casos de tres emisoras de radio indígenas en el norte de Argentina revelan los límites y posibilidades de esta transformación normativa y los desafíos a los medios indígenas generados a partir de los cambios en política de comunicaciones desde el cambio de gobierno de 2015.
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Weinand, Jenny. "The revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive 2018 – Has the EU learnt the right lessons from the past?" UFITA 82, no. 1 (2018): 260–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2568-9185-2018-1-260.
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Füg, Oliver C. "Save the Children: The Protection of Minors in the Information Society and the Audiovisual Media Services Directive." Journal of Consumer Policy 31, no. 1 (2008): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10603-007-9059-9.
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Smith, Rachael Craufurd. "Balancing Culture and Competition: State Support for Film and Television in European Community Law." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 10 (2008): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000001257.
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Although the european Community Treaty does not contain a specific chapter or article dedicated to the audiovisual sector, European Community law has had a significant impact on the way in which Member States regulate their film and television industries. Given the commercial nature and international reach of many media goods and services this should not be surprising, but Community oversight has here been particularly controversial because of the importance ascribed to cultural and political considerations. This article examines how such considerations have been accommodated within the European Community legal system and the impact that Community law has had on domestic audiovisual policies in practice. It focuses on those measures introduced by states to support their domestic film and television industries and to ensure that domestic audiences have access to films and television programmes that are culturally relevant and meaningful.
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Labio-Bernal, Aurora, Lorena R. Romero-Domínguez, and María José García-Orta. "Protection of minors in the European digital audiovisual context: a necessary dialogue between parents, academy, regulators and industry." Comunicação e Sociedade 37 (June 29, 2020): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.37(2020).2162.
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This paper represents the initial phase of a larger project being developed by the “Media,
 communication policy and democracy in the European Union” research group, which is currently
 working on the study “Communication policies, SVOD platforms and values education for
 minors in the single digital market (2020-2022)”. We wish to pursue in this study that, beyond
 technological considerations, it is necessary to expand the scope of child protection by establishing
 mutual collaboration between regulators, distributors and video on demand services, as well
 as consumers and parents’ organisations, in an effort to further enhance cooperation and mutual
 understanding (European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services, 2017b, p. 75). It is
 for this reason that we believe that the academic sphere can also be invited into this wide-ranging
 discussion on child protection to contribute reflections on a key aspect: audiovisual and media
 education, an essential pillar of protection in addition to filters, external limits, and electronic
 labelling. We thus uphold a vision that not only considers the “digital stuff” but also highlights
 the need for “ethos stuff” (Goggin, 2008, p.89). In this respect, we have considered it essential a
 literature review on the concept of media literacy. Secondly, our qualitative methodology involves
 an analysis of the instructions issued by the European Union and their implementation in Spain.
 In this stage, we have conducted desk research based on a narrative analysis of the documents
 and programs of different institutions in order to chart the evolution of the question in recent
 years, at a time when the digital environment has changed more quickly than ever before. This
 same type of analysis is also conducted on the initiatives of European and Spanish companies to
 determine whether they are implementing child protection strategies.
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Segura, Mara Soledad, Alejandro Linares, Agustn Espada, Vernica Longo, Ana Laura Hidalgo, and Natalia Traversaro. "The relevance of public policies for the sustainability of community media: Lessons from Argentina." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 4, no. 2 (2019): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00050_1.
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Since 2004 and for the first time in the history of broadcasting in the region, a dozen Latin American countries have acknowledged community radio and television stations as legal providers of audiovisual communication services. In Argentina, a law passed in 2009 not only awarded legal recognition to the sector, it also provided a promotion mechanism for community media. In this respect, it was one of the most ambitious ones in the region. The driving question is: How relevant are public policies for the sustainability of community media in Argentina? The argument is: even though the sector of community media has developed and persisted for decades in illegal conditions imposed by the state, the legalization and promotion policies carried out by the state from the perspective of human rights in a context of extreme media ownership concentration have been critical to the growth and sustainability of non-profit media.
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Onay, Isik. "Regulating webcasting: An analysis of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive and the current broadcasting law in the UK." Computer Law & Security Review 25, no. 4 (2009): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2009.03.003.
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Uribe, Silvia, Alberto Belmonte, Francisco Moreno, Álvaro Llorente, Juan Pedro López, and Federico Álvarez. "New access services in HbbTV based on a deep learning approach for media content analysis." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 33, no. 4 (2019): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060419000350.
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AbstractUniversal access on equal terms to audiovisual content is a key point for the full inclusion of people with disabilities in activities of daily life. As a real challenge for the current Information Society, it has been detected but not achieved in an efficient way, due to the fact that current access solutions are mainly based in the traditional television standard and other not automated high-cost solutions. The arrival of new technologies within the hybrid television environment together with the application of different artificial intelligence techniques over the content will assure the deployment of innovative solutions for enhancing the user experience for all. In this paper, a set of different tools for image enhancement based on the combination between deep learning and computer vision algorithms will be presented. These tools will provide automatic descriptive information of the media content based on face detection for magnification and character identification. The fusion of this information will be finally used to provide a customizable description of the visual information with the aim of improving the accessibility level of the content, allowing an efficient and reduced cost solution for all.
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Belotti, Francesca. "Are the indigenous media community media? Experiences of native peoples’ media practices in Argentina." Ethnicities 20, no. 3 (2018): 383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796818810006.
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The study focuses on indigenous radio practices in Argentina under the implementation of the 2009 Law 26.522 on Audiovisual Communication Services, currently undergoing reform. This pioneering law recognised indigenous broadcasters, thereby satisfying the call of indigenous organisations, during the legislative process, for their right to ‘communication with identity’ to be included. Nevertheless, we believe that the application of the law has been weak overall, and that the legal definition of media is questionable. Furthermore, we have hypothesised that indigenous media are caught between de jure public ownership and de facto communal belonging. This hypothesis derives from a comparative analysis of the Argentinian legal framework and similar reforms implemented throughout Latin America, as well as from a dialogue between international studies on community media and the literature on indigenous media. In order to determine whether and in what terms indigenous media can be considered as community media, we carried out semi-structured interviews with key informants from indigenous communities who had been authorised to broadcast under the law’s implementation. We explored the genesis and objectives of their communication projects; programming and agendas; external relationships; internal organisation (with a focus on the sustainability strategies adopted); respondents’ definitions of ‘community communication’, ‘indigenous communication’ and ‘communication with identity’; and respondents’ opinions on the application of the law and its media definition. We found that many indigenous broadcasters in Argentina act as community media and resemble them ontically – that is to say, in how and why they remain in the (mediatised) public space. Nevertheless, indigenous radio is ontologically different from community media because it is often shaped by its ethnic identity, namely, who the indigenous peoples are and how they represent themselves in the (mediatised) public space.