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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Auditory processing'
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Kargas, Nikolaos. "Auditory processing and autistic symptomatology." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/auditory-processing-and-autistic-symptomatology(15b5d88d-c17c-416c-b898-0bd02fb1b8a2).html.
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are defined in terms of qualitative atypicalities in social communication and interaction in the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests and activities (RRBs). Part of the main criteria for RRBs is hyper/hypo reactivity to sensory input, which appear to be particularly prevalent in the auditory domain and could result in atypical behaviours (APA, 2013). Despite the crucial role that sensory processing plays in learning, attention, cognitive and brain maturation, emotional regulation, and social communication development in humans (e.g., Ahn et al., 2004; Bundy et al., 2007), it remains unclear what precisely causes the sensory atypicalities observed in ASD or how they are associated with the development of key autistic symptomatology such as impairments in social communication (e.g., Jones et al., 2009; Leekam Prior & Uljarević, 2011). Thus, the main aim of the present thesis is to explore the nature of the auditory sensory issues and their relationship with core symptoms (i.e., RRBs and communicative ability) in ASD and the broader autism phenotype (BAP). In addition, the associations among speech perception and production, and communication were investigated. Four studies were conducted using adult samples with and without ASD. Chapter 2 reports findings indicating that the perception of intensity and frequency auditory parameters influence the severity of RRBs and that primary auditory discrimination abilities are characterised by high variability in ASD. Chapters 3 & 4 present evidence showing that the relationship between auditory intensity perception and sensation avoiding behaviours contribute to the communicative difficulties observed in adults with ASD or high levels of autistic traits. Chapter 5 provides a direct demonstration of deficits on primary syllable stress perception in ASD and its role on the speech production abnormalities and socio-communicative atypicalities in ASD. Taken together, the outcome of these investigations highlights the importance of considering the development of core autistic symptoms as an interactional multi-developmental process, which extends into the general population.
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Holt, Maria M. "Spatial auditory processing in pinnipeds /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Cowan, Justin A. "Auditory processing disorder in children." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441013.
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Cooke, Martin Peter. "Modelling auditory processing and organisation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311852.
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Elangovan, Saravanan. "Language Experiences Influence Auditory Processing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1557.
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Elangovan, Saravanan. "Auditory Processing Disorders in Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1577.
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Stewart, Hannah J. "Auditory selective attention in typical development and Auditory Processing Disorder." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39178/.
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This thesis examines auditory selective attention as a possible cause of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD). APD is a diagnosis based on the clinical needs of the 5% of children who present with listening difficulties but demonstrate normal hearing. This thesis will focus on developmental APD, which affects children with no known infection, trauma or primary cause inducing their listening difficulties. It will seek to address the current lack of understanding of the root causes of APD, which leads to significant variation in clinical referral routes, resulting in inconsistent methods of diagnosis and treatment. APD has historically been approached via a bottom-up route of assessing auditory processing skills, such as temporal-spatial abilities. The inconsistent results of bottom-up studies has led to debate regarding the diagnosis and treatment of APD, resulting in extensive batteries of tests being conducted on children. However, recent evidence suggests that studies on the causality of APD should be refocused on top-down processes such as auditory attention and memory – hence the focus of this thesis on auditory selective attention. The thesis begins by assessing a new test of auditory selective attention, the Test of Attention in Listening (TAiL), to ensure that it measures auditory rather than supramodal attention. Having established the modality-specificity of TAiL, the thesis examines the development of auditory selective attention to both spatial and non-spatial auditory stimulus features, across tasks of varying levels of perceptual demand. Finally, the thesis assesses the selective attention ability of children with listening difficulties. Specifically, listeners’ selective attention is assessed in both the auditory and visual domains, using both spatially- and non-spatially-based tasks. If auditory selective attention deficits are found in those with listening difficulties, this will provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of APD to be constructed and managed from a psychological viewpoint rather than an audiological one.
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Estelle, Dawn N. "Central auditory processing disorders Outcome Measures /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1121349085.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2005.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Mar. 3, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Central Auditory Processing Disorders. Includes bibliographical references.
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Walters, Thomas C. "Auditory-based processing of communication sounds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240577.
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This thesis examines the possible benefits of adapting a biologically-inspired model of human auditory processing as part of a machine-hearing system. Features were generated by an auditory model, and used as input to machine learning systems to determine the content of the sound. Features were generated using the auditory image model (AIM) and were used for speech recognition and audio search. AIM comprises processing to simulate the human cochlea, and a 'strobed temporal integration' process which generates a stabilised auditory image (SAI) from the input sound. The communication sounds which are produced by humans, other animals, and many musical instruments take the form of a pulse-resonance signal: pulses excite resonances in the body, and the resonance following each pulse contains information both about the type of object producing the sound and its size. In the case of humans, vocal tract length (VTL) determines the size properties of the resonance. In the speech recognition experiments, an auditory filterbank was combined with a Gaussian fitting procedure to produce features which are invariant to changes in speaker VTL. These features were compared against standard mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) in a size-invariant syllable recognition task. The VTL-invariant representation was found to produce better results than MFCCs when the system was trained on syllables from simulated talkers of one range of VTLs and tested on those from simulated talkers with a different range of VTLs. The image stabilisation process of strobed temporal integration was analysed. Based on the properties of the auditory filterbank being used, theoretical constraints were placed on the properties of the dynamic thresholding function used to perform strobe detection. These constraints were used to specify a simple, yet robust, strobe detection algorithm. The syllable recognition system described above was then extended to produce features from profiles of the SAI and tested with the same syllable database as before. For clean speech, performance of the features was comparable to that of those generated from the filterbank output. However when pink noise was added to the stimuli, performance dropped more slowly as a function of signal-to-noise ratio when using the SAI-based AIM features, than when using either the filterbank-based features or the MFCCs, demonstrating the noise-robustness properties of the SAI representation. The properties of the auditory filterbank in AIM were also analysed. Three models of the cochlea were considered: the static gammatone filterbank, dynamic compressive gammachirp (dcGC) and the pole-zero filter cascade (PZFC). The dcGC and gammatone are standard filterbank models, whereas the PZFC is a filter cascade, which more accurately models signal propagation in the cochlea. However, while the architecture of the filterbanks is different, they have all been successfully fitted to psychophysical masking data from humans. The abilities of the filterbanks to measure pitch strength were assessed, using stimuli which evoke a weak pitch percept in humans, in order to ascertain whether there is any benefit in the use of the more computationally efficient PZFC.Finally, a complete sound effects search system using auditory features was constructed in collaboration with Google research. Features were computed from the SAI by sampling the SAI space with boxes of different scales. Vector quantization (VQ) was used to convert this multi-scale representation to a sparse code. The 'passive-aggressive model for image retrieval' (PAMIR) was used to learn the relationships between dictionary words and these auditory codewords. These auditory sparse codes were compared against sparse codes generated from MFCCs, and the best performance was found when using the auditory features.
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MacDonald, Katie Mary. "Electrophysiological investigation of auditory temporal processing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43694.
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Infant hearing-health programs have a goal of identifying infants with a permanent hearing loss by the age of three months and treating these infants by the age of six months. However, deficits in hearing thresholds are not the only deficits that exist in the auditory system. The ability of an infant's auditory system to resolve rapid changes in acoustic signals (i.e., temporal resolution) and integrate acoustic information over time (i.e., temporal integration) is important for typical language development. Because behavioural responses are unreliable for diagnostic purposes before the age of six months, electrophysiological measures of temporal resolution and integration could be beneficial. The main objective of my thesis was to validate in adults if 80-Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs, an objective electrophysiological measure) can be used to assess temporal resolution and integration.
Physiological temporal resolutions of adults were estimated from cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and ASSR resets evoked by gaps (1.5625, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ms) within 40-Hz and 80-Hz amplitude-modulated white-noise bursts. Physiological gap-detection thresholds for CAEPs (8 ± 6 ms, averaged across conditions), 40-Hz ASSR resets (6 ± 5 ms), and 80-Hz ASSR resets (5 ± 4 ms) were comparable to behavioural gap-detection thresholds (5 ± 2 ms). However, 40- and 80-Hz ASSRs maximally reset to half-cycle gap durations (i.e. 12.5 and 6.25 ms respectively), thus ASSR resets might not be truly measuring gap-detection thresholds. Conflicting results from CAEPs and ASSR resets to gaps provides evidence that CAEPs respond preferentially to all gaps down to threshold; whereas, ASSRs preferentially reset to gaps that violate their modulation periodicity. Physiological integration times (117 ± 48 ms, averaged across conditions), as measured from the rise time of the ASSR resets, were comparable to behavioural measurements of temporal integration (132 ± 83 ms). However, more research is required to determine if physiological and behavioural integration times are correlated or are coincidentally similar. These results indicate that CAEPs are accurate measures of temporal resolution. However, further research is required to determine the utility of ASSR resets in assessing temporal resolution and integration.
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Sumner, Christian John. "Spatio-temporal processing in auditory modelling." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300846.
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Leach, Nicholas D. "Cholinergic modulation of cortical auditory processing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543024.
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McCabe, Susan Lynda. "Neural models of subcortical auditory processing." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2167.
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An important feature of the auditory system is its ability to distinguish many simultaneous sound sources. The primary goal of this work was to understand how a robust, preattentive analysis of the auditory scene is accomplished by the subcortical auditory system. Reasonably accurate modelling of the morphology and organisation of the relevant auditory nuclei, was seen as being of great importance. The formulation of plausible models and their subsequent simulation was found to be invaluable in elucidating biological processes and in highlighting areas of uncertainty. In the thesis, a review of important aspects of mammalian auditory processing is presented and used as a basis for the subsequent modelling work. For each aspect of auditory processing modelled, psychophysical results are described and existing models reviewed, before the models used here are described and simulated. Auditory processes which are modelled include the peripheral system, and the production of tonotopic maps of the spectral content of complex acoustic stimuli, and of modulation frequency or periodicity. A model of the formation of sequential associations between successive sounds is described, and the model is shown to be capable of emulating a wide range of psychophysical behaviour. The grouping of related spectral components and the development of pitch perception is also investigated. Finally a critical assessment of the work and ideas for future developments are presented. The principal contributions of this work are the further development of a model for pitch perception and the development of a novel architecture for the sequential association of those groups. In the process of developing these ideas, further insights into subcortical auditory processing were gained, and explanations for a number of puzzling psychophysical characteristics suggested.
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Dyson, Benjamin J. "Processing and representation in auditory cognition." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270043.
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Cousineau, Marion. "Psychophysical measurement of auditory sequence processing." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H124.
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Le vieillissement de la population, et l'apparition de plus en plus précoce de formes de surdité suite à des traumatismes acoustiques font des questions relatives à la malentendance un vrai problème de société. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié des aspects fondamentaux et cliniques de la perception de séquences de sons. Les séquences de hauteur jouent un rôle important dans de nombreuses situations auditives: elles transmettent la prosodie;elles sont la base de mélodies; et elles sont un indice très important pour permettre l'écoute dans le bruit. Nous avons montré que la perception de séquences de hauteur repose sur des mécanismes spécifiques chez le normo-entendant, et que la restauration de l'accès à ces mécanismes est une étape nécessaire à l'amélioration de la qualité de la perception avec un implant cochléaire. Cette thèse apporte donc des éléments expérimentaux et cliniques originaux, ainsi qu'une nouvelle méthode pour l'étude de cet aspect important et jusqu'à présent peu considéré de la perception auditive qu'est le traitement de séquencesIn this thesis, we have studied fundamental and clinical aspects of the perception of sequences of sounds. Pitch sequence play an important role in many situations: they convey the prosody of speech; they are used to construct melodies; and they are a very important cue for hearing in noisy environments. We have shown that the perception of pitch-sequences relies on specific mechanism in normal hearing listeners, and that restoring the access to these mechanisms in a necessary step on the way to improving the quality of perception with a cochlear implant. This thesis thus provides original experimental and clinical results, together with a new method to study this critical aspect of auditory processing, that of sequences
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ESTELLE, DAWN N. "CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDERS: OUTCOME MEASURES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1121349085.
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McCracken, Leslie McClain. "Auditory/phonetic processing changes in aging /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487588939090055.
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Reiche, Martin. "Characterizing predictive auditory processing with EEG." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-226275.
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Predictive coding theorizes the capacity of neural structures to form predictions about forthcoming sensory events based on previous sensory input. This concept increasingly gains attention within experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. In auditory research, predictive coding has become a useful model that elegantly explains different aspects of auditory sensory processing and auditory perception. Many of these aspects are backed up by experimental evidence. However, certain fundamental features of predictive auditory processing have not been addressed so far by experimental investigations, like correlates of neural predictions that show up before the onset of an expected event. Four experiments were designed to investigate the proposed mechanism under more realistic conditions as compared to previous studies by manipulating different aspects of predictive (un)certainty, thereby examining the ecological validity of predictive processing in audition. Moreover, predictive certainty was manipulated gradually across five conditions from unpredictable to fully predictable in linearly increasing steps which drastically decreases the risk of discovering incidental findings. The results obtained from the conducted experiments partly confirm the results from previous studies by demonstrating effects of predictive certainty on ERPs in response to omissions of potentially predictable stimuli. Furthermore, results partly suggest that the auditory system actively engages in stimulus predictions in a literal sense as evidenced by gradual modulations of pre-stimulus ERPs associated with different degrees of predictive certainty. However, the current results remain inconsistent because the observed effects were relatively small and could not consistently be replicated in all follow-up experiments. The observed effects could be regained after accumulating the data across all experiments in order to increase statistical power. However, certain questions remain unanswered regarding a valid interpretation of the results in terms of predictive coding. Based on the current state of results, recommendations for future investigations are provided at the end of the current thesis in order to improve certain methodological aspects of investigating predictive coding in audition, including considerations on the design of experiments, possible suitable measures to investigate predictive coding in audition, recommendations for data acquisition and data analysis as well as recommendations for publication of results.
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Elangovan, Saravanan, Nicole Payne, Jacek Smurzynski, and Marc A. Fagelson. "Musical Training Influences Auditory Temporal Processing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1551.
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Background: A link between musical expertise and auditory temporal processing abilities was examined.
Material and methods: Trained musicians (n=13) and non-musicians (n=12) were tested on speech tasks (phonetic identification, speech recognition in noise) and non-speech tasks (temporal gap detection).
Results: Results indicated musicians had shorter between-channel gap detection thresholds and sharper phonetic identification functions, suggesting that perceptual reorganization following musical training assists basic temporal auditory processes.
Conclusions: In general, our results provide a conceptual advance in understanding how musical training influences speech processing, an ability which, when impaired, can affect speech and reading competency.
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Gay, Jennifer D. "Prolonged Development of Temporal Processing in Adolescence." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1595372610901194.
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Khouri, Leila. "Age-related declines in auditory temporal processing." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-142166.
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Hus, Yvette. "Central auditory processing disorders in minority children." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/NQ39797.pdf.
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Jordan, Mark. "A biological approach to auditory signal processing." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6843.
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For speech recognition applications the ultimate goal is to achieve human-like performance. State of the art signal processing algorithms for speech recognition fall considerably short of this goal. I have attempted to reverse engineer peripheral regions of the mammalian auditory system to gain some insight into how our brains might process speech. I constructed a biologically based temporal signal processing model of the auditory periphery consisting of the following sub-models (a) generic spiking neuron; (b) middle ear; (c) cochlea; (d) inner hair cell; (e) spiral ganglion cell; (f) bushy cell; (g) stellate cell; (h) octopus cell; (1) medial superior olive multipolar cell. Individually, the models produced behaviours similar to their biological counterparts. As a whole, the model was able to demonstrate how the missing fundamental of a complex Signal could be perceived, despite its absence from the spectrum. My work has led me to conclude that (a) the peripheral auditory system appears to operate primarily as a wideband temporal processor; (b) the dorsal cochlear nucleus appears to be involved in compensating for pinna position; (c) the connectivity of octopus cells is entirely consistent with their suspected role as onset detectors; (d) the ventral cochlear nucleus appears to have specialised time, intensity, and startle output pathways; (e) the laminar architecture of auditory nuclei is likely to play an important functional role; (f) the spatial cross correlation theory of pitch perception [Loeb, White and Merzenich, Biol. Cyber. 47, 149-163 (1983)] may need further extension to account for the phase independence of pitch.
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Loo, H. Y. J. "Management of children with auditory processing disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348491/.
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Recent advances in auditory neuroscience have expanded our understanding of auditory processing disorder (APD) – a hearing/listening disorder that is characterized by poor perception of speech and non-speech sounds, which results from atypical neural function predominantly in the brain (BSA, 2011). The main purpose of this thesis was to examine the effectiveness of a self-developed computer-based auditory training (CBAT) intervention for children with APD. A systematic review conducted showed that very few studies report on a well-defined APD population, and many studies do not include untrained comparison group to tease out maturational or practice effect from true treatment effect, highlighting significant limitations of the existing evidence of CBAT for children with APD. In view of the current absence of a 'gold standard' test battery for the diagnosis of APD, a review of a clinical database was conducted to inform the suitability of the type of auditory processing (AP) tests to be used in the main study. While both speech and non-speech AP tests are commonly used for clinical diagnosis purposes, the findings of this retrospective study showed that the current speech-based AP tests cannot be transferred readily across cultures. Non-speech AP tests, which are less influenced by individual's linguistic background and language competency, are therefore deemed more suitable to be used in a diverse community with multilinguals, where the main study was to be conducted. To help inform the feasibility and suitability of the current CBAT, a pilot study was conducted on 3 neurologically abnormal (PAX6 gene mutations) children with APD. The results showed some broad improvement among these children after 3 months of intervention. By applying the same principle with modifications to the study design, a group of neurologically normal children with APD was randomised to training (n=20) and control (n=19) groups. The AP skills of the trained group improved significantly more than that of the untrained controls; such improvement lasted for at least 3 months. The improved AP skill was also consistent with the improvement observed in the functional skill in the trained group as reported by the teachers. Finally, neither the language nor cognitive skills was predictive of the training outcome, but the initial AP skills did.
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Heiser, Marc Aaron. "Frequency modulation processing in primary auditory cortex." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only. Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3311340.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2008.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-06, Section: B, page: 3429. Advisers: Christoph E. Schreiner; Michael M. Merzenich.
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Witten, Ilana Basya. "Auditory processing in a complex spatial environment /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Hammond-Kenny, Amy J. "Multisensory processing in the ferret auditory cortex." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4e9a731e-4001-4e88-8ffb-7c0c7317050a.
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Our perception of events depends on the integration of information derived from different sensory modalities. Functional imaging and electrophysiological studies have shown that multisensory interactions occur even at the level of primary sensory cortices; however their functional significance remains elusive. Therefore, to explore the relationship between multisensory interactions in early auditory cortical processing areas and behaviour, we recorded activity from the auditory cortex during the performance of different auditory-visual tasks. Ferrets were trained by positive operant-conditioning to localise auditory, visual and spatiotemporally coincident auditory-visual stimuli throughout the frontal hemifield and to categorise temporally coincident auditory-visual stimuli according to their spatial congruency. Our results show that the integration of auditory and visual cues results in significantly more accurate and faster localisation responses and that spatial information can be used to merge different sensory stimuli and resolve conflicts between them. This confirmed the ferret as a good model to explore multisensory spatial processing. In total, 509 single units were identified in the auditory cortex of five animals, of which 16% were influenced by visual stimulation. Our results show that modulation of activity in response to changes in auditory stimulus characteristics directly relates to task performance. For example, animals were more likely to correctly localise stimuli when activity increased in the contralateral cortex and decreased in the ipsilateral cortex. The effects of visual co-stimulation were subtle, mainly suppressive and not clearly correlated with performance on either task. A population decoding analysis showed that auditory cortical activity is, however, informative about the task context, since we were able to decode task type from trials that were otherwise equivalent in terms of the stimuli presented. Our results support the existence of multisensory interactions in early auditory processing areas, but suggest that these areas function primarily as auditory feature detectors that operate in a task-dependent manner.
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Zagaeski, Mark. "Information processing in the mammalian auditory periphery." Thesis, Boston University, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37176.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Inner hair cells (IHC) are the primary sensory cells of the mammalian cochlea. They transduce sound energy into a changing receptor potential which stimulates electrical activity in the Type I spiral ganglion cells of the auditory nerve. The auditory information thus encoded leads to the sensation of hearing. This thesis comprises my attempts to elucidate some of the biophysical mechanisms operating in the cochlea by analyzing intracellular recordings from guinea pigs, and to investigate the role these mechanisms play in auditory information processing via conceptual and computational models. Noise in the IHC receptor potential sets limits on the performance of a single cell. The magnitude of the intracellular noise averages 0.3 m V rms. A single IHC will be limited by this noise to: (i) a minimum detectable receptor potential of 0.3 mV (corresponding to about 0 dB SPL), (ii) a channel capacity of 5100 bits/sec, and (iii) a temporal resolution of 42 JLS. I compare these single cell limits to auditory performance as observed in published behavioral studies. The IHC receptor potential is shaped by at least two nonlinear processes: nonlinear transduction and a voltage dependent membrane conductance. I characterized the nonlinear conductance by analyzing recordings made during intracellular current injection. A simple model containing a two-state voltage-gated channel was sufficient to replicate the current-voltage characteristic found in these cells. I investigated the information transfer from inner hair cells to the auditory nerve by comparing the growth of the de receptor potential to the average firing rate in spiral ganglion cells. This comparison suggests that neural units with different thresholds encode different portions of the IHC dynamic range; at conditions well above threshold, low threshold units may be carrying predominantly temporal information while high threshold units may encode the absolute sound level. To help understand the complex behavior of the IHC receptor potential, I developed a computational model for its generation. The model contains gated ion channel descriptions of the nonlinear transducer and membrane conductance. Analysis of the model suggests a possible role for the voltage dependent conductance: efficiently trading sensitivity for temporal resolution as stimulus level increases.
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Lee, Mark D. "Multi-channel auditory search : toward understanding control processes in polychotic auditory listening." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29225.
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Gerth, Jeffrey M. "Performance based refinement of a synthetic auditory ambience : identifying and discriminating auditory sources." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30253.
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Elhilali, Mounya. "Neural basis and computational strategies for auditory processing." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2084.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Brand, Antje. "Precise Temporal Processing in the Gerbil Auditory Brainstem." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-8842.
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Wakeham, Kelvin John. "Sound Localisation in Children with Auditory Processing Disorder." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491173.
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Definitions of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) suggest that it is associated with localisation problems (ASHA Working Group on APD, 2005; BSA APD Interest Group, 2003); however, there appears to be little or no direct evidence for this link in the literature. The main aim of this project was to investigate whether poor localisation is in fact observed in participants with suspected APD (sAPD). Two studies were conducted on sAPD groups (age range 8 - 21 years in the pilot study and 7 - 12 years in the main study), characterised by normal pure tone audiometry, poor performance on the Children's Auditory Performance Scale questionnaire (CHAPS), parental concerns with education underperformance and referral to an APD out-patient clinic. Results were compared to matched control groups. In the pilot study N = 24 per group and in the main study N = 32: a total of 112 participants took part in the complete project. The aim of the project related to three linked hypotheses: • mean localisation performance of an sAPD group is significantly worse than that of a control group • localisation performance of some members of an sAPD group is below the normal range, as indicated by a control group • localisation performance ofmost or all members ofan sAPD group is below the normal range, as indicated by a control group The project involved preliminary work in several areas, including development of participant selection/screening procedures and development of measurement equipment, including a loudspeaker array and associated drive electronics. The localisation task involved 'click' stimuli with forced choice between numbered loudspeaker positions. Twenty-three loudspeakers were positioned at ear level to the participant, over a 1800 arc with a separation angle of 8.2 0 between adjacent loudspeakers. The main study was conducted in a similar fashion to the pilot study but included a noise distracter of multitalker babble, intended to provide a more challenging listening condition. Results from the pilot study confirmed that the basic experimental protocol was appropriate for measurement of localisation accuracy. The majority of the control group had r.m.s. discrepancy 11 values less than one 'loudspeaker unit' (i.e., less than 8.2°) whereas the majority of the sAPD group had 11 values greater than one unit. The difference in group means for 11 was statistically significant; however, the means were not very different and there was considerable overlap between the two groups. In the main study the control group performed better than the sAPD group [F(l, 62) = 28.9, p < 0.001], performance when listening in quiet was better than when listening in noise, and there was no interaction between subject group and listening condition. As previously observed in the pilot study, group means in the main study were all relatively similar and there was considerable overlap between the data sets. In relation to the hypotheses listed above, it may be concluded that the results from the pilot study and the main study confirm the first two hypotheses but not the third hypothesis. Although the data obtained in both studies indicate inferior localisation performance in the sAPD gro~ps compared to the control groups, all participants perform tolerably well and there is little evidence that the localisation performance of any member of the sAPD group would appear anomalous in everyday situations. At the end of this project, the suspicion remains that the association of localisation problems with APD has arisen largely by inference from the established link between localisation and central auditory processing. Hence it may be concluded that the accepted defmitiqns of APD (ASHA Working Group on APD, 2005; BSA APD Interest Group, 2003) should not be used at face value because their statements on localisation in APD are ambiguous or perhaps misleading.
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Ferry, Robert Thomas. "Auditory Processing and the Medial Olivocochlear Efferent System." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495573.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of the medial olivocochlear (MaC) efferent system in auditory processing. This was achieved by 'upgradi~g' an existing computer model of the mammalian auditory periphery (Meddis, 2006) to include the effect of stimulating the MaC system. The improved model (Ferry and Meddis, 2007) was evaluated against published physiological data including the responses of the basilar membrane, auditory nerve, and compound action potential. In all cases the model was able to replicate the basic effects ofMaC stimulation at each stage of the auditory periphery as demonstrated physiologically. The model was then used to investigate the suggestion that the MaC system is involved in improving the discriminability of transient sounds such as speech in noise. An improvement in the model auditory nerve response to speech when presented in noise was demonstrated as a result of MaC stimulation. This improvement was then quantified using a series of automatic speech recognition experiments. These experiments demonstrated that MaC stimulation in the model could be used to increase speech recognition performance at all signal-to-noise ratios tested. The temporal effect (or 'overshoot' phenomenon) was then used to characterise the time course of the MaC system psychoacoustically, and also to investigate the role of the MaC system in this phenomenon. The time course measured is in agreement with both temporal effect and MaC system literature and this time course will be added to the model at a future date. The temporal effect was demonstrated in the model only when MaC stimulation is used. This is consistent with the suggestion that the MaC system is an underlying mechanism of the temporal effect phenomenon. The model is proposed as a platform with which it possible to study the complex effects ofMaC stimulation in auditory perception.
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Thorne, Jeremy David. "The benefits of vision for auditory processing : 2." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536301.
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Dawes, Peirs D. "The nature of auditory processing disorder in children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504373.
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Werner, Klaus-Georg Erich. "Auditory processing in the syndrome of infantile spasms." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445952/.
Full textAbstract:
The early onset epileptic encephalopathy of infantile spasms is frequently associated with acute cognitive regression, long-term learning disability and autistic spectrum disorder. Although there may be a structural basis to the epilepsy, it appears that seizure activity is directly implicated in the process associated with the above disabilities. There are strong indications of the crucial role of temporal lobe dysfunction in children within this and related epileptic regressions including the site of lesions in tuberous sclerosis and the EEG localisation in a later onset epileptic encephalopathy, the Landau-Kleffner-syndrome. Thus the hypothesis for this study was that the temporal lobe is functionally abnormal in children with infantile spasms. This was tested by recording event related potentials, the electrical indicators of the brain's perception and processing of auditory stimuli. The aims of the current study were to describe the normal developmental changes of mismatch-negativity (MMN) and novelty P3 in the first year of life and to identify whether these ERPs are abnormal in children with infantile spasms. The developmental status of infants with infantile spasms was assessed at presentation. The MMN was only shown in a group mean average in control infants. All obligatory and the endogenous P250, P500, Ncl and Nc2 ERP components of the control infants showed age dependent latencies and differed in latency between wakefulness and stage 2 sleep. Using nonparametric calculations infants with infantile spasms had prolonged latencies of the obligatory and endogenous components during both wakefulness and sleep compared to controls. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the auditory processing is interrupted in infants with infantile spasms. As the auditory cortex is very immature during the first year of life it is therefore suggested that infantile spasms may interfere with crucial maturational processes during the first year of life.
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Ahveninen, Jyrki. "Electromagnetic studies of auditory processing in abstinent alcoholics." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/psyko/vk/ahveninen/.
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Workman, Brady, Virginia Ingram, Saravanan Elangovan, Jacek Smurzynski, and Marc Fagelson. "Diabetes Mellitus and the Effects on Auditory Processing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1572.
Full textAbstract:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease that affects a number of sensory systems and is a major public health concern. A common, but under-recognized complication of DM is hearing difficulty. However, research on DM-related auditory deficits is relatively sparse. Recent data shows over a two-fold higher prevalence of hearing impairment in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic individuals, further solidifying this strong association between diabetes and hearing loss. However, the nature of these hearing difficulties has not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, the auditory processing abilities of a group of adults (N = 9; mean age = 53.3) with type 2 DM was compared to an age matched control group (N = 9; mean age= 47.6). In addition, visual processing abilities of the participants were examined to determine if the hearing difficulties associated with DM were a function of a more global sensory deficit. The selection criteria for the DM group included age, duration of diabetes (> 5 years), and recent measures of diabetic control (hemoglobin A1C and blood sugar). Further, all participants in the test and control groups had a comprehensive hearing evaluation and had hearing (measured with pure tones 250-4000 Hz) within normal limits bilaterally. The following test measures were recorded. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was administered to screen each subject for peripheral neuropathy symptoms. The Speech, Spatial & Qualities (SSQ12) questionnaire was administered to attain a measure of each individuals subjective hearing complaints. Subtle deficits in the peripheral auditory system were examined using (a) Extended high frequency audiometry, that assessed ultra high frequencies from 9000-16000 Hz bilaterally, (b) The Threshold Equalizing Noise (TEN) test, to assess for potential dead regions within the cochlea, and (c) Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were collected bilaterally to assess frequency specific cochlear outer hair cell function. Higher-order auditory processing was examined with the Quick Speech in Noise Test (QuickSIN), the Listening in Spatial Noise test-Sentences (LiSN-S) and the Random gap detection, to measure temporal processing abilities. Further, the Text Reception Threshold Test (TRT) was employed to examine visual processing abilities. The results revealed that individuals with DM had significantly (a) Elevated high frequency (> 4 kHz) pure tone thresholds; (b) Increased self-reported hearing difficulties based on SSQ12 scores (c) Poorer spatial listening in noise skills based on LiSN results, (d) Lower DPOAE amplitudes for higher frequencies, and (e) Poorer temporal processing skills based on the average gap detection thresholds, when compared to the age-matched controls. These findings not only support the strong association between diabetes and hearing loss, they suggest that that even individuals with controlled diabetes potentially suffer with subclinical auditory processing deficits that may affect their quality of life. These findings have implications in the management of DM in the future. Further research is needed in order to determine clinically feasible means of evaluating DM subjects.
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Elangovan, Saravanan, and Andrew Stuart. "Auditory Temporal Processing in the Perception of Voicing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1559.
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O'Connor, Kate. "Auditory Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Literature." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5241.
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For individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder or ‘ASD’ the ability to accurately process and interpret auditory information is often difficult. Here we review behavioural, neurophysiological and neuroimaging literature pertaining to the field of auditory processing in ASD, with the aim of providing a comprehensive account of auditory processing in this population and thus an effective tool to aid further research. Literature was sourced from peer-reviewed journals published over the last two decades which best represent research conducted in these areas. Findings show substantial evidence for atypical processing of auditory information in ASD. Behavioural studies provide support for widespread abnormalities ranging from atypical perception of various low-level perceptual features (i.e. pitch) to processing of more complex auditory information such as prosody. Magnetic resonance imaging studies have identified functional abnormalities to a range of auditory stimuli in ASD while structural abnormalities have been observed in several brain regions implicated in auditory processing. Electrophysiological research has found evidence for atypical auditory processing within the cortex and brainstem of individuals with ASD in a variety of experimental paradigms. Trends across studies suggest auditory processing impairments in ASD are more likely to present during processing of complex auditory information and are more severe for speech than for non-speech stimuli. Moreover, atypical auditory processing in ASD may not always be viewed as an impairment and in some cases may reflect the use of a compensatory strategy to make sense of auditory information. To this end, there is an urgent need for further research aimed at understanding the behavioural and neural basis of auditory processing in ASD.
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Logerot, Priscilla. "Anatomical organisation, auditory processing of communication signals and role of auditory experience in the auditory midbrain of the zebra finch." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/9110.
Full textAbstract:
Zebra finch males learn their vocalizations from a tutor that is usually the father. The song is
biologically important for both reproduction and social interactions, making song perception a
key parameter in songbird biology. Song selectivity and auditory processing in songbirds has
been primarily studied in the forebrain and only a few studies have addressed the mechanisms of
auditory processing in the brainstem. Since most auditory information reaching forebrain
structures passes through the midbrain nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis (MLd),
this nucleus is a prime candidate for early tuning to complex sounds, including conspecific
signals. The focus of this thesis, therefore, was to describe the anatomical organisation of MLd
with respect to auditory projections from lower brainstem nuclei and to describe the processing
of both simple and complex auditory signals by MLd neurons.
In contrast to non-singing species, calcium-binding protein staining patterns in the zebra finch
MLd showed two distinct subdivisions that did not match the terminal fields of ascending
auditory projections. Moreover, although the nuclear expression of the IEG ZENK in MLd in
response to simple (tones, white noise) and complex (conspecific and heterospecific songs)
stimuli was positive, the expression pattern after tone presentation did not match the known
frequency representation in the nucleus, thus questioning the validity of this widely used method.
Responses of single-units in MLd of birds reared by their conspecifics (ZF-ZF) to the same
categories of simple and complex stimuli were recorded. MLd neurons were classified into units
that responded to all types of stimuli and units that showed a higher level of selectivity. As a
population, MLd units were also able to discriminate conspecific from heterospecific signals.
These selective neurons could represent a first stage in the processing of complex song.
Moreover, recordings of single units in MLd of birds reared by Bengalese finches showed the
same general tuning properties but the units were not able to discriminate conspecific signals as
well as those recorded in the MLd of ZF-ZF birds. That is, the rearing environment was found to
influence the response properties of neurons even at this early stage of the auditory pathway.
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Guntupalli, V. K., S. Venkatesan, Saravanan Elangovan, and V. N. Dayalu. "The Relationship Between Auditory Processing Skills and Disfluencies under Delayed Auditory Feedback in Fluent Speakers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1564.
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Gallum, Frederick, Paula Myers, and Faith W. Akin. "Auditory/Vestibular/TBI Mini-Series: Effects of TBI on Auditory Processing, Vestibular Function, and Tinnitus." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2426.
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This session is developed by, and presenters invited by, Hearing, Balance, Tinnitus – Assessment and Intervention: Adult. This combined mini-series will present both clinical and research findings addressing the auditory and vestibular consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Presenters will elucidate TBI’s effect on auditory processing, vestibular function, and tinnitus with case studies to illustrate management strategies relevant for each of the patient groups.
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Hultz, Paul B. "Modelling of auditory processing mechanisms related to backward masking." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15782.
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Jamison, Helen L. "An investigation into auditory processing in the human brain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427623.
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Liasis, Alkiviades. "Central auditory processing and pre-attentive discrimination in children." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402182.
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Tabas, Alejandro. "Mesoscopic dynamics of pitch processing in human auditory cortex." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2017. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/29659/.
Full textAbstract:
Pitch is a perceptual correlate of sound periodicity elicited by vibrating bodies; it plays a crucial role in music and speech. Although perceptual phenomenology of pitch has been studied for centuries, a detailed understanding of its underlying neural mechanisms is still lacking. Early theories suggesting that pitch is decoded in the peripheral auditory system fail to explain the perception of complex stimuli. More recent mechanistic models, focused on how subcortical structures process periodic discharges of the auditory nerve activity, are unable to explain fully key aspects of the processing dynamics observed during electrophysiological recordings. In this thesis, we propose a novel theory describing how subcortical representations of pitch-related information are integrated in cortex and how this integratory process gives rise to the dynamics observed in magnetoencephalographic (MEG) experimental recordings. Auditory evoked fields recorded with MEG reveal a systematic deflection around 100 ms after stimulus’ onset known as the N100m. This deflection consists of several components reflecting the onset of different perceptual dimensions of auditory stimuli such as pitch, timbre and loudness. The exact latency of the component elicited by pitch onset, known as the pitch onset response (POR), shows a strong linear relationship with the pitch of the stimulus. Our theory links the POR latency with processing time and explains, in a quantitative manner, the substrate of the relationship between processing time and pitch. Cortical integration is described using a model of neural ensembles located in two adjacent areas, putatively located along the lateral portion of Heschl’s Gyrus in human auditory cortex. Cortical areas are hierarchically structured and communicate with each other in a top-down fashion. Pitch processing is modelled as a multi-attractor system whose dynamics are driven by subcortical input. After tone onset, the system evolves from an initial equilibrium position to a new equilibrium state that represents the pitch elicited by the tone. A computational implementation of the model shows that: 1) the transient dynamics between equilibrium points explains the POR; 2) the latency of the transient is directly linked with the time required to reach the new equilibrium state; and 3) that such processing time depends linearly on the pitch of the stimuli. Our theory also addresses the problem of how tones with several simultaneous pitch values are processed in cortex. In Western music, dyads comprising tones with different pitch values are judged as more consonant or more dissonant depending on the ratio of the periods of the involved sounds. The latency of the POR evoked by such dyads also presents a strong correlation with the perceived consonance: dissonant dyads generate later PORs than consonant dyads. Our theory of pitch processing describes consonance (dissonance) as a direct effect of harmonic collaboration (competition) during the cortical integration process: the cortical model shows that harmonic collaboration facilitates convergence, explaining why dissonant dyads require longer processing times and evoke later PORs than consonant dyads.
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Orton, Llwyd David. "Intercollicular modulation of auditory processing in the inferior colliculus." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2343.
Full textAbstract:
The inferior colliculi (ICs) are the principal nuclei of the auditory midbrain. Each IC processes converging inputs from numerous brainstem nuclei as well as from thalamus and cortex. The ICs are interconnected in mirror image by one of the largest afferent inputs to each IC, the commissure of the inferior colliculus. There is exiguous knowledge about how each IC influences the processing of auditory information in its contralateral counterpart. This thesis investigates how one IC modulates the neural representation of sounds in the contralateral IC. To this end, I established and validated an experimental model in anaesthetised guinea pig whereby neuronal activity in one IC was selectively and reversibly deactivated. Cryoloop cooling produced temperature changes sufficient to deactivate spiking activity in the dorsal half of one IC, whilst leaving other centres in the auditory pathway unaffected. Single units were recorded in one IC before, during and after deactivation of the other IC. The characteristic frequency (CF) of IC neurons was unaffected during cooling, but the threshold of the population was raised. The area of non-V-shaped frequency response areas (FRAs) changed more than V-shaped FRAs. Differential changes were also observed in the firing rate of units with different temporal response patterns. Onset responders increased their firing rate whilst the firing of Chopper units was reduced. The temporal firing patterns of all neurons were unchanged by cooling. Changes in first spike latency (FSL) were negatively correlated with changes in firing rate. These data indicate that each IC differentially modulates the frequency selectivity, sensitivity, firing rate and FSL, but not the temporal firing pattern or CF of neurons in the contralateral IC. These findings demonstrate that the analysis of auditory stimuli in each IC is dependent on intercollicular processing. The ICs should therefore be viewed as working cooperatively rather than independently.
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Chiu, Faith. "Effective cortico-cortical connectivity in auditory and speech processing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057394/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis aimed to update the traditional understanding of the speech chain with recent proposals on communicative behaviour from theoretical and computational neuroscience. For a generative brain that engages in active (Bayesian) inference, speech perception itself is considered as a form of predictive processing. Experiments presented in this thesis were designed to answer the questions of ‘what’, ‘how’, and ‘where’: 1. What constitutes an auditory prediction error, and is it selective to a specific sound type? 2. How is surprise minimisation implemented in hierarchical cortical networks for auditory and speech perception? 3. Where – at what level in cognition and linguistic knowledge – could predictions for speech perception come from? Study 1 answered the first question – of ‘what’ – by collecting passive Mismatch Negativity responses to speech and non-speech sounds. This was recorded as subjects ignored the auditory stimuli. It was hypothesised that if speech-specific auditory prediction errors existed, certain aspects of MMN – a change detection response – would be selective to sound type and to speech category. Source-analyses of the same EEG data in Study 1 provided clues to the question of ‘how’. To address ‘where’, Study 2 considered attentional modulations to the effect of categorical processing recorded in passive brain responses, and tested for a prelexical locus of speech-specific prediction and prior knowledge. Auditory-evoked brain responses were recorded in both Ignore and Attend conditions to acoustically identical stimuli from three subject groups of varying levels of familiarity to a certain speech category. Stimuli manipulation in an accompanying behavioural discrimination task allowed for the monitoring of top-down lexical influences. Findings from this project will provide a way to reframe existing theoretical debates in speech processing on topics such as speech-specific auditory processing (against non-speech sounds), categorical perception, and pre-lexical abstraction within spoken word recognition.