Academic literature on the topic 'Auditory references'
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Journal articles on the topic "Auditory references"
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Repp, Bruno H. "Multiple temporal references in sensorimotor synchronization with metrical auditory sequences." Psychological Research 72, no. 1 (May 25, 2006): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-006-0067-1.
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Chen, Lihan, Qingcui Wang, and Ming Bao. "Spatial References and Audio-Tactile Interaction in Cross-Modal Dynamic Capture." Multisensory Research 27, no. 1 (2014): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002441.
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In audiotactile dynamic capture, judgment of the direction of an apparent motion stream (such as auditory motion) was impeded (hence ‘captured’) by the presentation of a concurrent, but directionally opposite apparent motion stream (such as tactile motion) from a distractor modality, leading to a cross-modal dynamic capture (CDC) effect. That is to say, the percentage of correct reporting of the direction of the target motion was reduced. Previous studies have revealed the effect of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) and the potential spatial remapping (by adopting a cross-hands posture) in CDC. However, further exploration of the dynamic capture process under different postures was not available due to the fact that only two levels of time asynchronies were employed (either synchronous or with an SOA of 500 ms). This study introduced a broad range of SOAs (−400 ms to 400 ms, tactile stream preceded auditory stream or vice versa) to explore the time course of audio-tactile interaction in CDC with two spatial references — arms-uncrossed or arms-crossed postures. Participants judged the direction of auditory apparent motion with tactile distractors. The results showed that in the arms-uncrossed condition, the CDC effect was prominent when the auditory–tactile events were in the temporal integration window (0–60 ms). However, with a preceding tactile cueing effect of SOA equal to and above 150 ms, the CDC effect was reduced, and no CDC effect was observed with the arms-crossed posture. These results suggest CDC effect is modulated by both cross-modal interaction and the spatial reference (especially for the distractors). The magnitude of the CDC effects in audiotactile interaction may be accounted for by reliability of tactile spatial-temporal information.
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Liu, Lanfang, Yuxuan Zhang, Qi Zhou, Douglas D. Garrett, Chunming Lu, Antao Chen, Jiang Qiu, and Guosheng Ding. "Auditory–Articulatory Neural Alignment between Listener and Speaker during Verbal Communication." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz138.
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Abstract Whether auditory processing of speech relies on reference to the articulatory motor information of speaker remains elusive. Here, we addressed this issue under a two-brain framework. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied to record the brain activities of speakers when telling real-life stories and later of listeners when listening to the audio recordings of these stories. Based on between-brain seed-to-voxel correlation analyses, we revealed that neural dynamics in listeners’ auditory temporal cortex are temporally coupled with the dynamics in the speaker’s larynx/phonation area. Moreover, the coupling response in listener’s left auditory temporal cortex follows the hierarchical organization for speech processing, with response lags in A1+, STG/STS, and MTG increasing linearly. Further, listeners showing greater coupling responses understand the speech better. When comprehension fails, such interbrain auditory-articulation coupling vanishes substantially. These findings suggest that a listener’s auditory system and a speaker’s articulatory system are inherently aligned during naturalistic verbal interaction, and such alignment is associated with high-level information transfer from the speaker to the listener. Our study provides reliable evidence supporting that references to the articulatory motor information of speaker facilitate speech comprehension under a naturalistic scene.
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Metatla, Oussama, Nick Bryan-Kinns, Tony Stockman, and Fiore Martin. "Sonification of reference markers for auditory graphs: effects on non-visual point estimation tasks." PeerJ Computer Science 2 (April 6, 2016): e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.51.
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Research has suggested that adding contextual information such as reference markers to data sonification can improve interaction with auditory graphs. This paper presents results of an experiment that contributes to quantifying and analysing the extent of such benefits for an integral part of interacting with graphed data: point estimation tasks. We examine three pitch-based sonification mappings; pitch-only, one-reference, and multiple-references that we designed to provide information about distance from an origin. We assess the effects of these sonifications on users’ performances when completing point estimation tasks in a between-subject experimental design against visual and speech control conditions. Results showed that the addition of reference tones increases users accuracy with a trade-off for task completion times, and that the multiple-references mapping is particularly effective when dealing with points that are positioned at the midrange of a given axis.
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Ferreira, Dulce Azevedo, Claudine Devicari Bueno, Sady Selaimen de Costa, and Pricila Sleifer. "Mismatch Negativity in Children: Reference Values." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 23, no. 02 (October 24, 2018): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667313.
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Introduction The Mismatch Negativity (MMN) auditory evoked potential evaluation is a promising procedure to assess objectively the ability of auditory discrimination. Objective To characterize the latency and amplitude values of MMN in children with normal auditory thresholds and without auditory complaints. Methods Children between 5 and 11 years old participated in the present study. All participants underwent acoustic immittance measurements and tonal and vocal audiometry. The MMN was recorded with the MASBE ATC Plus system (Contronic, Pelotas, RS, Brazil). The electrodes were fixed in Fz (active electrode), Fpz (ground electrode) and in M2 and M1 (references electrodes). The intensity used was 80 dBHL, the frequent stimulus was 1,000 Hz and the rare stimulus was 2,000 Hz. The stimuli were presented in both ears separately. Results For the female group, the mean latencies and amplitude of MMN were 177.3 ms and 5.01 μV in the right ear (RE) and 182.4 ms and 5.39 μV in the left ear (LE). In the male group, the mean latencies were 194.4 ms in the RE and 183.6 ms in the LE, with an amplitude of 5.11 μV in the RE and 5.83 μV in the LE. There was no statistically significant difference between ears (p = 0.867 - latency and p = 0.178 - amplitude), age (p > 0.20) and the gender of the participants (p > 0.05). Conclusion Using the described protocol, the mean latency value of MMN was 184.0 ms for RE and 182.9 ms for LE, and the amplitude was 5.05 μV and 5.56 μV for the left and right ears, respective.
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Sweetow, Robert, and Catherine V. Palmer. "Efficacy of Individual Auditory Training in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Evidence." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 16, no. 07 (July 2005): 494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16.7.9.
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A systematic review of the literature was conducted addressing the following question, "Is there evidence of improvement in communication skills through individual auditory training in an adult hearing-impaired population?" Keywords and authors were used as search terms in eight major indexes, and seven textbooks were reviewed for related references. The level of evidence that was accepted included randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, cohort, and before/after designs with or without control groups. Two hundred thirteen articles were identified during the preliminary search with 171 of these eliminated by review of abstracts because they did not meet the search criteria. Forty-two manuscripts were reviewed, with six meeting the evidence and search criteria. The strengths and weaknesses of these studies are highlighted, and the systematic review question is answered in light of these studies. In addition, elements critical to the future of auditory training research and clinical practice are offered.
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Alderson-Day, Ben, Jamie Moffatt, Marco Bernini, Kaja Mitrenga, Bo Yao, and Charles Fernyhough. "Processing Speech and Thoughts during Silent Reading: Direct Reference Effects for Speech by Fictional Characters in Voice-Selective Auditory Cortex and a Theory-of-Mind Network." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 9 (September 2020): 1637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01571.
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Stories transport readers into vivid imaginative worlds, but understanding how readers create such worlds—populating them with characters, objects, and events—presents serious challenges across disciplines. Auditory imagery is thought to play a prominent role in this process, especially when representing characters' voices. Previous research has shown that direct reference to speech in stories (e.g., He said, “I'm over here”) may prompt spontaneous activation of voice-selective auditory cortex more than indirect speech [Yao, B., Belin, P., & Scheepers, C. Silent reading of direct versus indirect speech activates voice-selective areas in the auditory cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 3146–3152, 2011]. However, it is unclear whether this effect reflects differential processing of speech or differences in linguistic content, source memory, or grammar. One way to test this is to compare direct reference effects for characters speaking and thinking in a story. Here, we present a multidisciplinary fMRI study of 21 readers' responses to characters' speech and thoughts during silent reading of short fictional stories. Activations relating to direct and indirect references were compared for both speaking and thinking. Eye-tracking and independent localizer tasks (auditory cortex and theory of mind [ToM]) established ROIs in which responses to stories could be tracked for individuals. Evidence of elevated auditory cortex responses to direct speech over indirect speech was observed, replicating previously reported effects; no reference effect was observed for thoughts. Moreover, a direct reference effect specific to speech was also evident in regions previously associated with inferring intentions from communication. Implications are discussed for the spontaneous representation of fictional characters and the potential roles of inner speech and ToM in this process.
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Skrzypczyk, Aleksandra. "Próba biografii akustycznej Brunona Schulza. Doświadczenia audialne." Schulz/Forum, no. 16 (May 25, 2021): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sf.2020.16.02.
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The article analyzes the potential sonic experiences of Bruno Schulz. The numerous references to music in his prose inspire questions about Schulz’s attitude towards music. Based on the testimonies of his family and friends, it is impossible to determine Schulz’s opinion on the art of sounds, or whether he was musical and what kind of music he listened to. The ‘acoustic biography’ presented here becomes a metaphor for Schulz’s probable auditory experiences. Arranged in the chronological order, it respects the principles of probability, and is based on the historical and cultural context of 19th- and 20th-century Poland.
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Schwade, Laura, Dayane Didoné, and Pricila Sleifer. "Auditory Evoked Potential Mismatch Negativity in Normal-Hearing Adults." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 21, no. 03 (September 2, 2016): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586734.
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Introduction Mismatch Negativity (MMN) corresponds to a response of the central auditory nervous system. Objective The objective of this study is to analyze MMN latencies and amplitudes in normal-hearing adults and compare the results between ears, gender and hand dominance. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Forty subjects participated, 20 women and 20 men, aged 18 to 29 years and having normal auditory thresholds. A frequency of 1000Hz (standard stimuli) and 2000Hz (deviant stimuli) was used to evoked the MMN. Results Mean latencies in the right ear were 169.4ms and 175.3ms in the left ear, with mean amplitudes of 4.6µV in the right ear and 4.2µV in the left ear. There was no statistically significant difference between ears. The comparison of latencies between genders showed a statistically significant difference for the right ear, being higher in the men than in women. There was no significant statistical difference between ears for both right-handed and left-handed group. However, the results indicated that the latency of the right ear was significantly higher for the left handers than the right handers. We also found a significant result for the latency of the left ear, which was higher for the right handers. Conclusion It was possible to obtain references of values for the MMN. There are no differences in the MMN latencies and amplitudes between the ears. Regarding gender, the male group presented higher latencies in relation to the female group in the right ear. Some results indicate that there is a significant statistical difference of the MMN between right- and left-handed individuals.
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Muhammed, Areen Ahmed. "AUDITORY VS VISUAL STRATEGIES AMONG KURDISH LEARNERS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 4, no. 1 (June 12, 2020): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v4i1.2526.
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When it comes to the case of Kurdish universities regarding teaching styles and methodologies plenty of obstacles and barriers anyone can face not only due to the low level of the majority of the students; but also other factors like religion, interest, grading system, and most importantly low number of references on the subjects area can be the core cause of the issue. One of those points which drove the researcher to write on the common issue was due to the reason that the researcher could not find enough and adequate sources on the subject area; hence, the researcher tried to enrich the referencing system of Kurdish studies of English language in one hand and provide and broaden the horizon of other nationalities regarding Kurdish EFL learners of English and in English taught programs. As a matter of fact, through decades many scholars have been conducting studies on different teaching methodologies and they provided up to four different styles of language teaching. Apart from that, many other linguists enlightened their studies on Far East Asian countries or European. Even if some Middle Eastern studies were taken into consideration; but still, none can be found in the case of Kurdish university students. The current paper was conducted on English department of Charmo University with a total number of 34 participants from three different stages.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Auditory references"
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Mattos, Carmela de. "Construção de referenciais auditivos no ensino inicial de violino: abordagem metodológica de Otakar Ševčík." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8073.
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The aim of this research was to analyze Otakar Ševčík’s methodological approach to the violin initial learning and to demonstrate the auditory reference construction points for the placement of the left hand fingers on its strings, starting with the ‘Semitone System’ finger patterns inserted in his ‘Violin Method for Beginners’ op. 6. The cognitive development process in learning was discussed, as well as the applicability of methodological procedures related to the present muscular and auditory memory in the mentioned pedagogical proposal. The research methodology was ‘Qualitative’ with methodological procedures of ‘Bibliographic Survey’ and ‘Documentary Analysis’, which enables the identification of relevant information and data, so that relations with the Otakar Ševčík teaching methodology could be established. The bibliographical survey organization and the research relevant documents resulted in a ‘Corpus of texts’ firstly with excerpts of specific music authors which highlight the use of auditory references and finger patterns in violin teaching and learning methodologies; and secondly with pedagogical literature authors that according to the researcher could base the pedagogical practice of Ševčík (1901a): Morin (2007), Penna (2011), Harder (2003), Bourdieu, cited by Sandra Pesavento (1995), Folleto (2010), Gerle (2015), Perdomo Guevara (2005), Swanwick (1994) e Póvoas (2006). The research highlighted the publication importance of Ševčík’s pedagogical works as a factor that since 1881 may have led to a complete violin pedagogy transformation and consequently in it’s teaching and learning. The analysis of the ‘Corpus of texts’ made it possible to identify one (1) category to highlight: ‘Teaching / Learning’. It is concluded that there is an inseparable relationship between violin teaching and learning. The analysis of Otakar Ševčík’s methodological approach to initial learning has pointed to interconnection of cognitive processes in simultaneous complex movement execution in initial learning, and it was possible to identify orderly and determinant methodological procedures that can lead to auditory reference construction and gradual development of differentiated technical skills in the course of violin initial teaching and learning process.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a abordagem metodológica de Otakar Ševčík para o aprendizado inicial do violino e evidenciar a construção de referenciais auditivos para a colocação dos dedos da mão esquerda nas cordas do instrumento, a partir dos padrões de dedos do ‘Sistema dos Semitons’ inserido em seu ‘Método de Violino para Principiantes’ op. 6. Discutiu-se o processo de desenvolvimento cognitivo na aprendizagem, bem como a aplicabilidade de procedimentos metodológicos relativos à memória muscular e auditiva presentes na referida proposta pedagógica. A metodologia da pesquisa foi ‘Qualitativa’ com procedimentos metodológicos de ‘Levantamento Bibliográfico’ e de ‘Análise Documental’, possibilitando a identificação de informações e dados relevantes para estabelecer relações com a metodologia de ensino de Otakar Ševčík. A organização do levantamento bibliográfico e de documentos relevantes à pesquisa resultou em um ‘Corpus de textos’ primeiramente com excertos de obras de autores específicos da área de música que ressaltaram a utilização de referenciais auditivos e de padrões de dedos em metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem do violino; e num segundo momento com autores da literatura pedagógica que puderam fundamentar, segundo a pesquisadora, a prática pedagógica de Ševčík (1901a): Morin (2007), Penna (2011), Harder (2003), Bourdieu, citado por Sandra Pesavento (1995), Folleto (2010), Gerle (2015), Perdomo Guevara (2005), Swanwick (1994) e Póvoas (2006). A pesquisa destacou a importância da publicação das obras pedagógicas de Sevcik como fator que desde 1881 pode ter ocasionado uma completa transformação na pedagogia do violino e, consequentemente, no ensino e aprendizagem do instrumento. A análise do ‘Corpus de textos’ possibilitou a identificação de 1 (uma) categoria a destacar: ‘Ensino/ Aprendizagem’, concluindo-se que há uma relação indissociável entre ensino e aprendizagem do violino. A análise da abordagem metodológica de Otakar Ševčík para o aprendizado inicial apontou para a interligação de processos cognitivos na execução de movimentos simultâneos complexos na aprendizagem inicial e foi possível identificar procedimentos metodológicos ordenados e determinantes que podem conduzir à construção de referenciais auditivos e ao desenvolvimento gradativo de habilidades técnicas diferenciadas no decorrer do processo de ensino e aprendizagem inicial do violino.
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Fagelson, Marc A., and C. A. Champlin. "Auditory Filters Measured at Neighboring Center Frequencies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1997. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1581.
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Auditory filters were derived in 20 normal-hearing human listeners at center frequencies (CFs) of 913, 1095, 3651, and 4382 Hz using the roex (p,r) method. Comparisons were made between slopes of the filters' skirts at the neighboring CFs with filter output levels of 45 and 70 dB. The same comparisons were made with regard to filter equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB). In the 1000-Hz region, the low-frequency slopes (Pl) of filters centered at 913 and 1095 Hz were significantly correlated at both stimulus levels, while the high-frequency slopes (Pu) were similar only at the high test level. In the 4000-Hz region, for sinusoids of 3651 and 4382 Hz, the level effect was clearer as both Pu and Pl values diverged at the low level but were related at high levels. The ERBs centered at the same CFs displayed a similar level dependence. At the stimulus level most likely to be affected by an active feedback mechanism, auditory filters centered at nearly the same frequency displayed quite distinct frequency selectivity, and this trend was stronger in the 4000-Hz region than the 1000-Hz region. The findings suggest that a saturating, active cochlear mechanism may not be distributed evenly, or contribute to peripheral tuning with equal effectiveness throughout the length of the partition.
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Blay, Matthew. "Maturation of auditory parameters in the preterm infant with particular reference to diet." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6513.
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This study was developed from the original protocol which was to examine the role of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in the maturation of the auditory system in the preterm infant. The particular dietary components under investigation were arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaneoic( DHA) acids. This study investigates the wider aspects and implications of the preterm birth on the maturation of the preterm auditory system. Testing was performed using Auditory brainstem response (ABR) on preterm infants in Hillingdon Hospital's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The recruitment criteria was <32 weeks gestational age (GA) or <1500g. A normative data set was produced using term infants (3742 weeks GA). Tympanometric testing was also introduced to assess middle ear (ME) function in both preterm and term infants. The susceptance and conductance components were recorded at frequencies between 226 and 2000Hz. This testing enabled normative data to be established for multi-component, multi-frequency tympanometric analysis. The effect of the preterm birth on tympanometric data was also examined. A total of 22 preterm infants were recruited onto the study. The maturational characteristics of ABR parameters relating to neural transmission and synaptic efficacy were investigated. The peripheral auditory system (PAS) and the lower brainstem region were found to have maturation in their neural transmission properties. The auditory nerve, however, displays constant neural transmission properties throughout the preterm period. Maturation of the synaptic efficacy (using the rate effect) of the PAS was not identified. However, both auditory nerve and lower brainstem regions display reductions in the rate effect. This was greatest in the auditory nerve. The effect of the preterm birth was assessed. The PAS showed lesser conductive properties for the preterm infant during the term period. This behaviour was confirmed by poor tympanometric data for the preterm infants. The auditory nerve showed the same transmission properties for both term and preterm infants. This indicates that the lack of maturation in this region is replicating the characteristics of the term infant developing in utero. The lower brainstem region would seem to be the most susceptible to delayed development in the preterm infant. The rate effect for the PAS and auditory nerve indicate that the extra-uterine environment has not been detrimental to the maturation of synaptic efficacy as measured by the rate effect. The lower brainstem region rate effect is slightly higher for the preterm infants. This may indicate that this region is the most susceptible to possible synaptic deficiency. There is indication of a gender effect for transmission properties in the preterm infant. This suggests superior properties for females in the central auditory system. It is possible that this also occurs on a synaptic level. Dietary analysis suggested that the preterm infants (on this study) fed formula milk enriched with a LCPUFA composition have comparable auditory function (as measured by ABR) with breastfed infants. It is concluded that breastmilk would be the diet of choice due to the additional medical benefits. Tympanometry was found to be well tolerated in both term and preterm neonate populations. Testing in enclosed style incubators in the NICU was successful. Normative characteristics for multi-component tympanornetry at various frequencies was established. The ear canal acoustic and mechanical properties were identified as a source of variability for tympanogram morphology in the neonate populations. The interaction of the neonate external auditory meatus (EAM) violates assumptions relating to numerical data. A lack of maturation was found for preteen data, there was no evolution to the normative term data over the period studied. The more complex nature of the preterm tympanometric data was still observed during the term period. This indicates that there is a difference between the maturational characteristics of the term infant and those for the preterm infant in the clinical environment. The PAS ABR characteristics were compared with tympanometric data collected from the preterm infants. The lack of maturation in the tympanometric data suggests that the major contribution to the ABR maturation during the preterm period is due to the cochlear transduction and basic synaptic delay components. In addition, that poorer ME function (as displayed in the tympanometric data) contributes to the lesser PAS ABR conductive properties in the preterm population by the term period.
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Labuschagne, Mario. "The role of internal auditors with specific reference to fraud investigation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021385.
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The role of internal auditors is evolving to enable them to provide stakeholders with assurance and to assist organisations to achieve objectives and remain competitive to ensure the future existence of their organisations. The research for this study was guided by the question of whether the Institute of Internal Auditors guidance pronouncements provide sufficient guidance in the light of expectations of both the institute and management (stakeholders) relating to the role of internal auditors in respect of fraud investigation. Literature reviewed on the role of internal auditors showed that there is limited guidance provided with regards to fraud investigation, knowledge and skills required by an internal auditor to perform fraud investigations. The research methodology used for this study consisted of a qualitative case study of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University committees, namely, Council, Senate and MANCO as well as a combination of deductive and inductive interpretative analysis methods. Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain data from participants who were randomly selected from Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Council, Senate and MANCO committees. The interviews revolved around three themes, namely, the role of internal audit, the information expected from internal audits and the role that the internal audit plays with regard to fraud. The interviews were recorded by means of a digital voice recorder which were transcribed by a qualified transcriber. The collected data was then manually coded by making use of standardised coding methods to assist with the analyses of the data. After considering the participant responses in relation to the themes, it could be deduced that a greater awareness needed to be created regarding the role of the internal audit and the services which internal audits could provide to organisations and management structures. The results of the analyses revealed that an expectation gap existed with regard to the Institute of Internal Auditors, guidance pronouncements and stakeholder expectations of internal auditor roles with specific reference to fraud investigations. This study showed that the IIA’s guidance pronouncements do not provide sufficient and adequate guidance in respect of the knowledge, skills and competency capabilities in relation to fraud investigations.The results of the study further showed that the expected role of internal auditors in an organisation should include fraud investigations.
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Rabini, Giuseppe. "Hearing sounds in space: A neuro-cognitive investigation on the ability to associate auditory cues with external space." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/246000.
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Sound localisation is one of the most representative function of the auditory system and, as such, it has been extensively investigated across species. Spatial hearing can be dramatically altered across the life span, yet research in humans have highlighted the remarkable capacity of the brain to adapt to changes of listening conditions, such as temporary ear plugging or long lasting hearing impairments. Although several investigations have examined accommodation to altered auditory cues (Chapter 1), a common theoretical framework seems to lack and a number of questions remain open. This limits the possibility to translate our current knowledge into concrete clinical applications for individuals who experience spatial hearing difficulties after hearing loss. The current dissertation reflects the attempt to answer specific questions regarding the process of sound localisation. The first study (Chapter 2) aimed to investigate the relation between different reference frames in spatial hearing, namely egocentric and allocentric sound representation. We studies this topic in the context of a learning paradigm, assessing to what extent localisation of single sounds in simulated monaural hearing (unilateral ear plugging) can improve following an audio-visual spatial hearing training focused on egocentric sound processing vs allocentric sound processing. An untrained group was also included in the study. We found that localisation performance in the horizontal plane improved specifically in the side ipsilateral to the ear-plug for all groups. Yet, the trained groups showed a qualitatively different change of performance after four days of multisensory ego/allocentric training compared to the untrained group, providing initial evidence of the possible role of allocentric coding in acoustic space re-learning. These results further highlight the importance of including a test-retest group in paradigms of sound localisation training. The second study (Chapter 3) focused on a specific aspect of the phenomenological experience of spatial hearing, namely the subjective confidence about the perceived sound position. We examined the relation between objective localisation accuracy and subjective certainty while participants localised sounds in two different listening conditions – binaural or simulated monaural hearing. Results showed that overall subjective certainty on sound position decreased in the altered listening condition (unilateral ear-plugging). In simulated monaural hearing, localisation accuracy and spatial confidence dissociated. For instance, there were trials in which participants were accurate, but felt uncertain, and trials in which they were less accurate but expressed higher ratings of spatial confidence on sound position. Furthermore, subjective confidence increased as a function of time within the testing block, and it was related to the spatial distribution of the perceived sound-source position. The third study (Chapter 4) exploited magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study the dynamics of the cortical network implied in active sound localisation. We implemented a novel apparatus to study sound localisation in MEG with real sounds in external space, and collected behavioural and subjective responses (i.e., accuracy and confidence, as in Study 2) during this altered listening condition. Results showed that participants were able to perceive the spatial difference between the positions of stimulation, thus proving the reliability of our novel setting for the study of spatial hearing in MEG. MEG data highlight a distributed bilateral cortical network involved in active sound localisation, which emerged shortly after stimulus presentation (100—125 ms). The network comprise the classical dorsal auditory pathway plus other cortical regions usually underestimated in previous literature – most notably, regions in the central sulcus/precentral gyrus possibly involved in head movements. Connectivity analysis revealed different patterns of neural coupling, as a function of frequency band. In particular, coherence in high gamma revealed significant connections involving the parietal cortex and the posterior superior temporal cortex. In the final chapter (Chapter 5), I summarise the main findings of the three studies, discuss their implications and outline potential future directions.
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Li, Shaling. "The reliability of the Basu Earnings conservatism metric, with particular reference to its association with auditor quality." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525324.
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Jonas, Sindiswa Cynthia. "The duty to disclose personal financial interest and its implications on good corporate governance and company efficiency with specific reference to SOC’s." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8070.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe common law duties have been preserved by the partial codification of the duties of directors in terms of the Companies Act of 2008 (‘2008 Act’). One such duty is the duty to disclose personal financial interest in terms of s 75 of the 2008 Act. The need for directors to disclose personal financial interest has become more necessary than ever before in South African companies, particularly State-Owned Companies (‘SOCs’), due to their role in the South African economy. The injury caused by the breach of this duty is not only to the company, but more harm is caused to the economy and the beneficiaries who are the recipients of services rendered by SOCs. There has been a plethora of media reports of poor corporate governance in SOCs which is attributed to conflict of interest due to failure of directors to disclose their personal financial interests in proposed transactions or approved agreements.
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Pinedo, Carlos. "Effects of a combined 3-D auditory/visual cueing system and non-distributed flight reference on visual target detection using a helmet-mounted display." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34683.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).
An air-combat pilot must both control the aircraft and locate targets. The objective of this study was to determine combined effects of using the Non-Distributed Flight Reference and 3-D audio/visual cueing system for the purpose of easing pilot control and aiding target location. The Non-Distributed Flight Reference was compared against the Military Standard display, while three different target cues were presented for target acquisition: (1) 3-D Audio Only, a voiced signal = "Target-Target", (2) Visual Only, a line emanating from the aim-sight reticle (located in the center of the subject's field of view) pointing towards the target aircraft, and (3) a Combined Audio/Visual cue, providing both cues. The subjects were asked to fly a simulated aircraft at a commanded heading and altitude while targets appeared from 15 different locations (three elevations 0⁰, +40⁰, and five azimuths 0⁰, ±30⁰, ±60⁰). Subject deviations from heading and altitude were used to determine flight performance, and target cue effectiveness was determined by recording the time to target. The results of this experiment showed that there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in flight performance between the Non-Distributed Flight Reference and the Military Standard displays. The combined Audio/Visual Cueing system resulted in the fastest search times.
(cont.) These results are consistent with the findings from past research. The cleaner more integrated Non-Distributed Flight Reference allowed subjects to visually acquire targets quicker with no decrease in flight performance. Using the Non-Distributed Flight Reference display for attitude information combined with a 3-D Audio/Visual cueing system for target acquisition is a promising method of reducing search time during a visual search task.
by Carlos Pinedo.
S.M.
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Deliwe, Mawonga Christopher C. "The role of the office of the auditor general of South Africa in enhancing sound public financial management, with special references to the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2017.
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The 1996 Constitution of South Africa and the Public Audit Act of 2004 provide the legislative framework for the Office of the Auditor General of South Africa (OAGSA). The Independent Regulatory Board for Auditors further enriched the interpretation of the framework – for government auditing. Over the years of democratic rule in South Africa, audit performance by State organs was generally poor. Despite the efforts by the OAGSA to improve the performance, very little improvement was notable. Most disturbing was the observation that there was widespread, a prevalence of recurring findings, which indicated that the OAGSA’s recommendations and guidelines were not acted upon, or largely ignored. Firstly, the research study established that the system of capitalist democracy, which comes in different varieties throughout world democracies, indeed brought about a situation where the electorate was effectively removed from its rightful place of being the principal, and had its place taken up by political parties (which are in fact, agents) - which (parties) governed on its (the electorate’s) behalf. This system, taken together with the Principal Agency and the Rational Choice Theories – fully explained the prevalence of maladministration and malfeasance in government in South Africa. Secondly, the study established that the OAGSA has done everything imaginable in its attempts to improve audit performance in government institutions – using the carrot rather than the stick approach. The legislative framework cited above, revealed that the OAGSA has the power to audit and report, while Parliament has the power to enforce corrective action. The lesson of this revelation is: that there is not much that the OAGSA can achieve without a high level of cooperation between itself and Parliament – if audit performance is to be effectively, and appreciably improved in South Africa. A disappointing discovery however was indirectly delivered to the world, through the results of a research study conducted by one Wehner in 2002, on Public Accounts Committees (PACs) (alias Standing Committees on Public Accounts (SCOPAs)) in world democracies. The Wehner study clearly demonstrated that there was nothing contained in these committees’ founding documents or enabling legislation – which in no uncertain terms, directed the committees on what procedures and processes to follow to ensure that their resolutions were acted upon. In other words there was no enforcement mechanism discernible for their resolutions. Thirdly, there were developments in case law in South Africa, which augured well for Constitutional Institutions in general. They are contained in court judgements relating to the mandate of the Office of the Public Protector (OPP). The question at the core of these developments was: whether the decisions or remedial action emanating from the OPP, were binding and enforceable. Two judgements cited as cases in point, one a High Court judgment and another a Supreme Court of Appeal’s (SCA’s), feature in the research report. The SCA, in summary found that decisions of administrative bodies of State – stand in fact and in law, until such time that a court of law invalidates them. The SCA ruled through citing a High Court judgement passed way back in 2004 - that Constitutional Institutions, although not organs of State per se – were certainly included in this 2004 finding, if one considers the rationale of this initial finding, taken together with the purpose for which Constitutional Institutions were established in South Africa in the first place. In conclusion, although visible root causes of poor audit findings appear overall to be poor consequence management and questionable leadership quality in government, the system of capitalist democracy is ultimately to blame. The system certainly had unintended consequences.
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Alves, Taiara Souto. "Dos quartéis aos tribunais : a atuação das auditorias militares de Porto Alegre e Santa Maria no julgamento de civis em processos políticos referentes às leis de segurança nacional (1964-1978)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17669.
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O presente trabalho analisa, a partir das fichas contidas nos livros chamados "Rol dos denunciados", a atuação das Auditorias Militares de Porto Alegre e Santa Maria em julgamentos de supostos crimes contra a Lei de Segurança Nacional no período entre 1964 e 1978. Avalia, com base nos documentos disponíveis, as questões relacionadas às ações de oposição à ditadura denunciadas às Auditorias Militares de Porto Alegre e de Santa Maria, à existência de uma possível relação entre as ações de oposição à ditadura julgadas por essas Auditorias e aquelas ações analisadas pela historiografia e por livros de memória a respeito do Rio Grande do Sul, à concentração dos processos em determinados períodos, à coincidência entre esses períodos e aqueles em que a repressão foi mais agressiva, ao perfil dos denunciados entre 1964 e 1978 por infringir as Leis de Segurança Nacional em ambas as Auditorias, às semelhanças ou distinções em relação ao perfil de outros processados no resto do país e à conexão entre a Justiça Militar e o aparato repressivo da ditadura. Conclui que os julgamentos das ações de oposição à ditadura concentraram-se em dois períodos: entre 1964 e 1966, em Santa Maria, e em 1965 e 1966 em Porto Alegre no contexto histórico da primeira "Operação Limpeza", e em 1970, na Auditoria de Porto Alegre, ligados à repressão dos grupos de luta armada. Quanto ao perfil dos denunciados, conclui que enquanto na Auditoria Militar de Porto Alegre o padrão de perfil dos indivíduos em processos políticos era conforme com o padrão nacional, ou seja, majoritariamente homens com até 25 anos de idade, os denunciados na Auditoria Militar de Santa Maria eram homens mais velhos, majoritariamente acima dos 30 anos de idade. Conclui ainda que a Justiça Militar representou a última instância 'legal" de repressão, convergindo informações obtidas por meio da espionagem realizada pelos diversos órgãos de coleta de informações e das investigações feitas pela polícia política (Departamento de Polícia Federal - DPF-, Departamento de Ordem Política e Social - DOPSDestacamento de Operações de Informações - Centro de Operações de Defesa Interna - DOICODI, Delegacias de Polícia e quartéis) por meio dos Inquéritos Policiais Militares, resultando posteriormente em processos judiciais contra os denunciados.This study analysis, from files contained in books called "Rol dos denunciados", the Porto Alegre and Santa Maria's militaries auditoria actuation in trials of supposed crimes against the National Security Law during the period between 1964 and 1978. It balances, based on those records available, the issues related to: rebellious operations against the military dictatorship denounced to the Porto Alegre and Santa Maria's militaries auditoria; existence of potential relationship between these rebellious operations brought to justice by these militaries auditoria and those rebellious operations analyzed by historical writing and in books of memories about Rio Grande do Sul; concentration of trials in particular periods of time; coincidence of these particular periods of time and those periods when military repression was more offensive; profile of denounced suspects between 1964 and 1978 for transgression against the National Security Law in both militaries auditoria; similarities and contrasts in relation to others denounced suspects profile in the rest of country; connections between Military Justice and the dictatorship repression instruments. It concludes that trials of rebellious operations against dictatorship were intensified during two periods of time: between 1964 and 1966, in Santa Maria, and between 1965 and 1966, in Porto Alegre, in the historical context of the first military operation called "Operação Limpeza"; and in 1970, in Porto Alegre military auditoria, which were connected to the military repression of rebellious armed groups. As to the profile of denounced suspects, it concludes that while in the Porto Alegre military auditoria the standard profile of individuals in politic trials was similar to the national standard, it is, majority 25-years-old men, individuals from Santa Maria military auditoria were older men, majority older than 30-years-old. This study also concludes that the Military Justice represented the final legal instance of repression, congregating information obtained through espionage carried out by a variety range of organs responsible for collecting information and by investigations carried out by the politic official police (Departamento de Polícia Federal - DPF-, Departamento de Ordem Política e Social - DOPS-, Destacamento de Operações de Informações - Centro de Operações de Defesa Interna - DOI-CODI, Delegacias de Polícia e quartéis) by means of military police inquiry, later resulting in trials against denounced suspects.
Books on the topic "Auditory references"
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Judge, Anne. A reference grammar of modern French. Lincolnwood, Ill: NTC Pub. Group, 1995.
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1931-, Spehlmann Rainer, ed. Spehlmann's evoked potential primer: Visual, auditory, and somatosensory evoked potentials in clinical diagnosis. 2nd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994.
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Auditory-Verbal Therapy: Science, Research, and Practice. Plural Publishing, Incorporated, 2020.
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Thompson, Mary Ellen *. The effects of central auditory lesions on auditory processing with special reference to frequency and duration discrimination. 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Auditory references"
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Irvine, Dexter R. F. "References." In The Auditory Brainstem, 229–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71057-5_9.
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Bax, Ingo, Holger Bekel, and Gunther Heidemann. "Recognition of Gestural Object Reference with Auditory Feedback." In Artificial Neural Networks and Neural Information Processing — ICANN/ICONIP 2003, 425–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44989-2_51.
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Dierks, T., and K. Maurer. "Reference-free evaluation of auditory evoked potentials-P 300 in aging and dementia." In New Vistas in Drug Research, 197–208. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9098-2_19.
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Wang, Shuopeng, Peng Yang, Hao Sun, Jing Xu, and Xiaomeng Zhang. "Research of Localization Method Based on Virtual Reference Points in Robot Auditory System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 681–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6445-6_75.
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Xie, Zhengxiang, Hong Li, Zhifang Wang, Ying Wang, and Yuhong Liu. "An Auto-Reference, Auto-Correlation and Adaptive Interference Cancellation Theories and Techniques (AAA-ICT) Used to the Single Trial of Slow Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials." In 7th Asian-Pacific Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, 245–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79039-6_63.
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"References." In Auditory Neuroscience. The MIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7942.003.0011.
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"References." In Handbook of Mouse Auditory Research, 621–716. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420038736.bmatt.
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"References." In The Auditory System in Sleep, 169–94. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012373890-5.50011-9.
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Shore, Susan E. "Auditory: Auditory/Somatosensory Interactions ☆." In Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.02875-3.
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Bregman, A. S. "Auditory Scene Analysis." In The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, 861–70. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012370880-9.00009-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Auditory references"
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Mitchell, Thomas J., Jess Thom, Matthew Pountney, and Joseph Hyde. "The Alchemy of Chaos: A Sound Art Sonification of a Year of Tourette’s Episodes." In ICAD 2019: The 25th International Conference on Auditory Display. Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2019.040.
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Touretteshero is the name of a organisation that aims to raise awareness of Touette’s syndrome by sharing and celebrating the creativity and humour of the involuntary vocal and movement tics that characterise the condition. This paper documents the development of a Touretteshero project called The Alchemy of Chaos, a sound art piece that translates a year of intensive ticcing episodes (or ‘ticcing fits’) into a six minute sonification. The work emphasises both the faithful representation of data and the aesthetic sound quality, drawing techniques and ideas from sound design for film, which is often used to convey information about a visual scene in ways that can be used for sonfication. Specifically, the work uses Chion’s elements of auditory setting: short punctual sounds that can express locations with minimal sonic references. Sound parameters are also classified into groups that have ‘data significance’ and those that do not, with aesthetic interventions limited to those parameters that do not impact on data transparency. The resulting piece was included within a keynote talk at the Royal Albert Hall in the UK and the paper includes a qual-itative reflection on the work and the potential value that sound design techniques for film can bring to the auditory display community.
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Brittell, Megen. "Seeking a Reference Frame for Cartographic Sonification." In The 24th International Conference on Auditory Display. Arlington, Virginia: The International Community for Auditory Display, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2018.020.
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Sonification of geospatial data must situate data values in two (or three) dimensional space. The need to position data values in space distinguishes geospatial data from other multi-dimensional data sets. While cartographers have extensive experience preparing geospatial data for visual display, the use of sonification is less common. Beyond availability of tools or visual bias, an incomplete understanding of the implications of parameter mappings that cross conceptual data categories limits the application of sonification to geospatial data. To catalyze the use of audio in cartography, this paper explores existing examples of parameter mapping sonification through the framework of the geographic data cube. More widespread adoption of auditory displays would diversify map design techniques, enhance accessibility of geospatial data, and may also provide new perspective for application to non-geospatial data sets.
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Aroudi, Ali, Bojana Mirkovic, Maarten De Vos, and Simon Doclo. "Auditory attention decoding with EEG recordings using noisy acoustic reference signals." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2016.7471764.
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Naqvi, M. Hassan, Alan J. Wigdahl, and Richard J. Ranaudo. "Utility of an airframe referenced spatial auditory display for general aviation operations." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by John T. Thomas and Daniel D. Desjardins. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.818253.
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Putra, Zico Pratama, Deni Setiawan, Anton Satria Prabuwono, Bagus Priambodo, and Mila Desi Anasanti. "Investigation of Multi Reference Point Estimation with Timbre for Effective Mobile Auditory Devices." In 2020 2nd International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis49240.2020.9257681.
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Galiza, Filipy, and Rostand Costa. "Uma Abordagem Baseada em DLTs para Garantia da Fixidez de Repositórios Digitais Confiáveis (RDCs)." In Workshop em Blockchain: Teoria, Tecnologias e Aplicações. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wblockchain.2020.12432.
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A integridade dos documentos arquivísticos digitais é mais um desafio da preservação digital e sua verificação é uma missão dos repositórios digitais confiáveis. Para auxiliar esses repositórios em sua missão, esse trabalho propõe o registro em blockchain de valores de hashes gerados a partir do encadeamento de inúmeros documentos em árvores de Merkle. O uso de árvores de Merkle possibilita a geração de um único valor que referencia a integridade de um grande número de documentos e o registro em blockchain garante um valor confiável de referência ao longo do tempo para prova de carimbo de tempo, prova de existência e verificação e auditoria da integridade dos acervos dos repositórios.
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Khattaa, Semirames, Bárbara Laurindo da Silva, and Manuela Pereira Gomes. "Public policies and social rights: employment and income in Brazil." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212439.
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The analyzes of public policies and their interface with the law are related to the effectiveness of fundamental rights. This article aims to analyze how the creation and execution of public policies aimed at the realization of fundamental social rights, especially those aimed at employment and income, as well as the judicial control of these public policies, are carried out. It seeks to identify the mechanisms and limits inherent to Public Administration to promote the realization of these rights in an equal way. The investigation of institutional designs, federative arrangements, and programs and the legal foundations and theoretical bases of public policies founded with the consolidation of the Constitutional State of Law seek to identify possible bottlenecks in the Brazilian Public Administration for the effectiveness of socialrights, such as those aimed at employment nationwide and the municipal administration, especially in Campos dos Goytacazes. The study will be based on a bibliographic research and analysis of the legislative and jurisprudential process on the subject, with data collection from the websites of the federal and municipal government of Campos, Ministério Público, Courts of Auditors, IPEA, IBGE, Federal Chamber of Deputies and well. as the Federal Supreme Court (STF). With the systematization of theoretical references on public policies and fundamental rights, a proposal to identify the articulation and dialogue between the powers in the area of realization of specific social rights related to work and income, and the elaboration of an article summarizing the results achieved by the analysis of effectiveness with the analysis of the importance of the effectiveness of fundamental rights with the identification and systematization of the main institutional obstacles to their implementation