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Journal articles on the topic 'Auditory references'
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1
Repp, Bruno H. "Multiple temporal references in sensorimotor synchronization with metrical auditory sequences." Psychological Research 72, no. 1 (2006): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-006-0067-1.
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Chen, Lihan, Qingcui Wang, and Ming Bao. "Spatial References and Audio-Tactile Interaction in Cross-Modal Dynamic Capture." Multisensory Research 27, no. 1 (2014): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002441.
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In audiotactile dynamic capture, judgment of the direction of an apparent motion stream (such as auditory motion) was impeded (hence ‘captured’) by the presentation of a concurrent, but directionally opposite apparent motion stream (such as tactile motion) from a distractor modality, leading to a cross-modal dynamic capture (CDC) effect. That is to say, the percentage of correct reporting of the direction of the target motion was reduced. Previous studies have revealed the effect of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) and the potential spatial remapping (by adopting a cross-hands posture) in CDC. However, further exploration of the dynamic capture process under different postures was not available due to the fact that only two levels of time asynchronies were employed (either synchronous or with an SOA of 500 ms). This study introduced a broad range of SOAs (−400 ms to 400 ms, tactile stream preceded auditory stream or vice versa) to explore the time course of audio-tactile interaction in CDC with two spatial references — arms-uncrossed or arms-crossed postures. Participants judged the direction of auditory apparent motion with tactile distractors. The results showed that in the arms-uncrossed condition, the CDC effect was prominent when the auditory–tactile events were in the temporal integration window (0–60 ms). However, with a preceding tactile cueing effect of SOA equal to and above 150 ms, the CDC effect was reduced, and no CDC effect was observed with the arms-crossed posture. These results suggest CDC effect is modulated by both cross-modal interaction and the spatial reference (especially for the distractors). The magnitude of the CDC effects in audiotactile interaction may be accounted for by reliability of tactile spatial-temporal information.
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Liu, Lanfang, Yuxuan Zhang, Qi Zhou, et al. "Auditory–Articulatory Neural Alignment between Listener and Speaker during Verbal Communication." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (2019): 942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz138.
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Abstract Whether auditory processing of speech relies on reference to the articulatory motor information of speaker remains elusive. Here, we addressed this issue under a two-brain framework. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied to record the brain activities of speakers when telling real-life stories and later of listeners when listening to the audio recordings of these stories. Based on between-brain seed-to-voxel correlation analyses, we revealed that neural dynamics in listeners’ auditory temporal cortex are temporally coupled with the dynamics in the speaker’s larynx/phonation area. Moreover, the coupling response in listener’s left auditory temporal cortex follows the hierarchical organization for speech processing, with response lags in A1+, STG/STS, and MTG increasing linearly. Further, listeners showing greater coupling responses understand the speech better. When comprehension fails, such interbrain auditory-articulation coupling vanishes substantially. These findings suggest that a listener’s auditory system and a speaker’s articulatory system are inherently aligned during naturalistic verbal interaction, and such alignment is associated with high-level information transfer from the speaker to the listener. Our study provides reliable evidence supporting that references to the articulatory motor information of speaker facilitate speech comprehension under a naturalistic scene.
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Metatla, Oussama, Nick Bryan-Kinns, Tony Stockman, and Fiore Martin. "Sonification of reference markers for auditory graphs: effects on non-visual point estimation tasks." PeerJ Computer Science 2 (April 6, 2016): e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.51.
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Research has suggested that adding contextual information such as reference markers to data sonification can improve interaction with auditory graphs. This paper presents results of an experiment that contributes to quantifying and analysing the extent of such benefits for an integral part of interacting with graphed data: point estimation tasks. We examine three pitch-based sonification mappings; pitch-only, one-reference, and multiple-references that we designed to provide information about distance from an origin. We assess the effects of these sonifications on users’ performances when completing point estimation tasks in a between-subject experimental design against visual and speech control conditions. Results showed that the addition of reference tones increases users accuracy with a trade-off for task completion times, and that the multiple-references mapping is particularly effective when dealing with points that are positioned at the midrange of a given axis.
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Ferreira, Dulce Azevedo, Claudine Devicari Bueno, Sady Selaimen de Costa, and Pricila Sleifer. "Mismatch Negativity in Children: Reference Values." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 23, no. 02 (2018): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667313.
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Introduction The Mismatch Negativity (MMN) auditory evoked potential evaluation is a promising procedure to assess objectively the ability of auditory discrimination. Objective To characterize the latency and amplitude values of MMN in children with normal auditory thresholds and without auditory complaints. Methods Children between 5 and 11 years old participated in the present study. All participants underwent acoustic immittance measurements and tonal and vocal audiometry. The MMN was recorded with the MASBE ATC Plus system (Contronic, Pelotas, RS, Brazil). The electrodes were fixed in Fz (active electrode), Fpz (ground electrode) and in M2 and M1 (references electrodes). The intensity used was 80 dBHL, the frequent stimulus was 1,000 Hz and the rare stimulus was 2,000 Hz. The stimuli were presented in both ears separately. Results For the female group, the mean latencies and amplitude of MMN were 177.3 ms and 5.01 μV in the right ear (RE) and 182.4 ms and 5.39 μV in the left ear (LE). In the male group, the mean latencies were 194.4 ms in the RE and 183.6 ms in the LE, with an amplitude of 5.11 μV in the RE and 5.83 μV in the LE. There was no statistically significant difference between ears (p = 0.867 - latency and p = 0.178 - amplitude), age (p > 0.20) and the gender of the participants (p > 0.05). Conclusion Using the described protocol, the mean latency value of MMN was 184.0 ms for RE and 182.9 ms for LE, and the amplitude was 5.05 μV and 5.56 μV for the left and right ears, respective.
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Sweetow, Robert, and Catherine V. Palmer. "Efficacy of Individual Auditory Training in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Evidence." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 16, no. 07 (2005): 494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16.7.9.
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A systematic review of the literature was conducted addressing the following question, "Is there evidence of improvement in communication skills through individual auditory training in an adult hearing-impaired population?" Keywords and authors were used as search terms in eight major indexes, and seven textbooks were reviewed for related references. The level of evidence that was accepted included randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, cohort, and before/after designs with or without control groups. Two hundred thirteen articles were identified during the preliminary search with 171 of these eliminated by review of abstracts because they did not meet the search criteria. Forty-two manuscripts were reviewed, with six meeting the evidence and search criteria. The strengths and weaknesses of these studies are highlighted, and the systematic review question is answered in light of these studies. In addition, elements critical to the future of auditory training research and clinical practice are offered.
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Alderson-Day, Ben, Jamie Moffatt, Marco Bernini, Kaja Mitrenga, Bo Yao, and Charles Fernyhough. "Processing Speech and Thoughts during Silent Reading: Direct Reference Effects for Speech by Fictional Characters in Voice-Selective Auditory Cortex and a Theory-of-Mind Network." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 9 (2020): 1637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01571.
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Stories transport readers into vivid imaginative worlds, but understanding how readers create such worlds—populating them with characters, objects, and events—presents serious challenges across disciplines. Auditory imagery is thought to play a prominent role in this process, especially when representing characters' voices. Previous research has shown that direct reference to speech in stories (e.g., He said, “I'm over here”) may prompt spontaneous activation of voice-selective auditory cortex more than indirect speech [Yao, B., Belin, P., & Scheepers, C. Silent reading of direct versus indirect speech activates voice-selective areas in the auditory cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 3146–3152, 2011]. However, it is unclear whether this effect reflects differential processing of speech or differences in linguistic content, source memory, or grammar. One way to test this is to compare direct reference effects for characters speaking and thinking in a story. Here, we present a multidisciplinary fMRI study of 21 readers' responses to characters' speech and thoughts during silent reading of short fictional stories. Activations relating to direct and indirect references were compared for both speaking and thinking. Eye-tracking and independent localizer tasks (auditory cortex and theory of mind [ToM]) established ROIs in which responses to stories could be tracked for individuals. Evidence of elevated auditory cortex responses to direct speech over indirect speech was observed, replicating previously reported effects; no reference effect was observed for thoughts. Moreover, a direct reference effect specific to speech was also evident in regions previously associated with inferring intentions from communication. Implications are discussed for the spontaneous representation of fictional characters and the potential roles of inner speech and ToM in this process.
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Skrzypczyk, Aleksandra. "Próba biografii akustycznej Brunona Schulza. Doświadczenia audialne." Schulz/Forum, no. 16 (May 25, 2021): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sf.2020.16.02.
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The article analyzes the potential sonic experiences of Bruno Schulz. The numerous references to music in his prose inspire questions about Schulz’s attitude towards music. Based on the testimonies of his family and friends, it is impossible to determine Schulz’s opinion on the art of sounds, or whether he was musical and what kind of music he listened to. The ‘acoustic biography’ presented here becomes a metaphor for Schulz’s probable auditory experiences. Arranged in the chronological order, it respects the principles of probability, and is based on the historical and cultural context of 19th- and 20th-century Poland.
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Schwade, Laura, Dayane Didoné, and Pricila Sleifer. "Auditory Evoked Potential Mismatch Negativity in Normal-Hearing Adults." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 21, no. 03 (2016): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586734.
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Introduction Mismatch Negativity (MMN) corresponds to a response of the central auditory nervous system. Objective The objective of this study is to analyze MMN latencies and amplitudes in normal-hearing adults and compare the results between ears, gender and hand dominance. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Forty subjects participated, 20 women and 20 men, aged 18 to 29 years and having normal auditory thresholds. A frequency of 1000Hz (standard stimuli) and 2000Hz (deviant stimuli) was used to evoked the MMN. Results Mean latencies in the right ear were 169.4ms and 175.3ms in the left ear, with mean amplitudes of 4.6µV in the right ear and 4.2µV in the left ear. There was no statistically significant difference between ears. The comparison of latencies between genders showed a statistically significant difference for the right ear, being higher in the men than in women. There was no significant statistical difference between ears for both right-handed and left-handed group. However, the results indicated that the latency of the right ear was significantly higher for the left handers than the right handers. We also found a significant result for the latency of the left ear, which was higher for the right handers. Conclusion It was possible to obtain references of values for the MMN. There are no differences in the MMN latencies and amplitudes between the ears. Regarding gender, the male group presented higher latencies in relation to the female group in the right ear. Some results indicate that there is a significant statistical difference of the MMN between right- and left-handed individuals.
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Muhammed, Areen Ahmed. "AUDITORY VS VISUAL STRATEGIES AMONG KURDISH LEARNERS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 4, no. 1 (2020): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v4i1.2526.
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When it comes to the case of Kurdish universities regarding teaching styles and methodologies plenty of obstacles and barriers anyone can face not only due to the low level of the majority of the students; but also other factors like religion, interest, grading system, and most importantly low number of references on the subjects area can be the core cause of the issue. One of those points which drove the researcher to write on the common issue was due to the reason that the researcher could not find enough and adequate sources on the subject area; hence, the researcher tried to enrich the referencing system of Kurdish studies of English language in one hand and provide and broaden the horizon of other nationalities regarding Kurdish EFL learners of English and in English taught programs. As a matter of fact, through decades many scholars have been conducting studies on different teaching methodologies and they provided up to four different styles of language teaching. Apart from that, many other linguists enlightened their studies on Far East Asian countries or European. Even if some Middle Eastern studies were taken into consideration; but still, none can be found in the case of Kurdish university students. The current paper was conducted on English department of Charmo University with a total number of 34 participants from three different stages.
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Richardson, Matt. "Ajita Wilson." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 7, no. 2 (2020): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-8143350.
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Abstract This article puts forward a consideration of Black womanhood by looking at the softcore films starring African American trans model and actress, Ajita Wilson. Wilson starred in many European softcore and hardcore films from the 1970s until her death in 1987. The author is particularly interested in Wilson's 1976 film The Nude Princess and the 1977 film Black Afrodite (Mavri Afroditi) for their use of soul aesthetics. Conceptualized in dialogue with Tanisha Ford's discussion of “soul style,” soul aesthetics are a combination of gestures as well as visual and auditory references in dress, music, literature, and language that were generated by Black people during a period of African and Caribbean anticolonialism and liberatory Black civil rights movements. Because they were born from radical movement politics, these references have transnationally come to symbolize the possibility for Black collective and self-transformation. The author offers an analysis of these films as an example of softcore pornography affirming Black womanhood and focuses on what this process of self-making has to offer Black trans and queer feminist thought.
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Lipiner, Michael. "Lights, Camera, Lesson: Teaching Literacy through Film." E-Learning and Digital Media 8, no. 4 (2011): 375–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/elea.2011.8.4.375.
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This in-depth case study explores a modern approach to education: the benefits of using film, technology and other creative, non-conventional pedagogical methods in the classroom to enhance students' understanding of literature. The study explores the positive effects of introducing a variety of visual-based (and auditory-based) teaching methods to learners within an urban high school English language arts inclusion classroom. The study group reads literature, analyses films and works on various creative assignments, such as incorporating music lyrics, using computer technology and creating art. The study outlines supplemental assignments designed to have students respond critically to literature within a creative learning environment. As a result, the students' grades improve, and they are able to stay connected with the readings. The case study also references similar professional case studies, authors and educational theorists.
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Black, F. Owen, David J. Lilly, Lewis M. Nashner, Robert J. Peterka, and Susan C. Pesznecker. "Quantitative Diagnostic Test for Perilymph Fistulas." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 96, no. 2 (1987): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988709600203.
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Clinically, the definitive diagnosis of perilymph fistulas can only be made by tympanotomy. Results of various fistula tests based upon the vestibulo-ocular reflex have not correlated well with findings during tympanotomy. A new fistula test has been developed based upon vestibulo-spinal responses. By systematic removal of both visual and support-surface orientation references from the subject—leaving only vestibular control of postural reflexes—patients with perilymph fistulas demonstrated an increased (sometimes phase-locked) postural sway in response to sinusoidal changes in external auditory canal pressures. Results from 100 consecutively operated ears (64 patients)—77 of whom underwent preoperative and postoperative moving-platform fistula tests—indicate that the test sensitivity is 97 percent for this highly selective patient population. Absolute specificity could not be determined because, on patients without clinical indications for surgery, tympanotomy is contraindicated.
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Romann, Aline Juliane, Silvia Dornelles, Nicole de Liz Maineri, Carlos Roberto de Mello Rieder, and Maira Rozenfeld Olchik. "Cognitive assessment instruments in Parkinson's disease patients undergoing deep brain stimulation." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 6, no. 1 (2012): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642012dn06010002.
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ABSTRACT Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a widely used surgical technique in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) that can lead to significant reductions in motor symptoms. Objectives: To determine, from publications, the most commonly used instruments for cognitive evaluation of individuals with PD undergoing DBS. Methods: A systematic review of the databases: PubMed, Medline, EBECS, Scielo and LILACS was conducted, using the descriptors "Deep Brain Stimulation", "Verbal Fluency", "Parkinson Disease", "Executive Function", "Cognition" and "Cognitive Assessment" in combination. Results: The Verbal Fluency test was found to be the most used instrument for this investigation in the studies, followed by the Boston Naming Test. References to the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, and Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test were also found. Conclusions: The validation of instruments for this population is needed as is the use of batteries offering greater specificity and sensitivity for the detection of cognitive impairment.
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Томахів, Марта. "Prosodic Means of Speech Influence Realization: Auditory Analysis." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, no. 1 (2017): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.1.tom.
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The article offers the results of the experimental phonetics research on the role of intonation in speech influence realization in the video lecture as a main massive open online courses material. This methodology is elaborated according to the proven techniques in contemporary phonetics and combines the use of auditory analysis, methods of quantitative data and linguistic analysis, methods of semantic differential and questionnaire. The goal of the experiment was to prove the hypothesis about the role of prosodic organization and components of the tutors’ intonation in video lectures in better supporting students’ attention, capturing the interest to the subject, facilitating understanding, which help in realization of speech influence in scholarly discourse, thus making the communication and learning more efficient, productive and successful. As a result of the experiment, the intonation parameters used in the video lecture and contributory for students’ perception have been established. The paper gives brief insights into such notions as speech influence, scholarly discourse and an e-lecture as a genre of modern scholarly discourse.
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Darkun, M. "Pentingnya Memahami Karakteristik Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab." An Nabighoh: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab 21, no. 01 (2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/an-nabighoh.v21i01.1541.
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In the learning process a teacher is required to know the characteristics of his students, but sometimes he cannot understand the characteristics of students. Understanding of the subject of learning is what teachers or other education personnel must have, to be made a foothold in developing learning models or methods. The purpose of writing this article is to know the importance of understanding the characteristics of students and achieving the learning objectives that have been determined, and knowing the characteristics of students have an important role in the learning process. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This research includes textual research or text studies and is purely biblical, because the data sources are various references that discuss student characteristics and student learning models, as well as references related to learning Arabic. Because the results of this study are in the form of an explanation of the systematic description of the word as a result of understanding and analysis of the object of research, the study includes descriptive research. The results of this study are the characteristics of students can be collected in two aspects, namely: learning styles. While children's learning styles in general are learning as character building tools and the best intelligence for students, namely: auditory (learning by hearing), visual (learning by seeing), and kinesthetic (learning by doing). And the application in learning Arabic Language writer adjusts to the model / learning style of students.
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Vu, Tuan Van, and Dinh Ngoc Tran. "Demystifying Perceptual Learning Style Preferences of Vietnamese University Freshmen in English Academic Achievement." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 19, no. 9 (2020): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.9.2.
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Learning styles play an important role in teaching and learning, especially in second language acquisition. This study aims to investigate the perceptual language learning style preference of 385 first-year university students in Vietnam. Adapting Reid’s (1984) learning style questionnaire is used as a data gathering tool in which it was responded and retrieved via students’ emails incorporated with Google form. The results revealed that freshmen were active learners since they mostly belonged to 4 major learning styles, namely Tactile, Auditory, Group, and Kinesthetic learners, and 2 minor learning styles, i.e. Visual and Individual learners. In addition, the study did not find the differences between gender as well as major and non-major English students in comparison with learning styles. Besides, freshmen’s English academic achievement was highly influenced by their learning styles. The research findings contribute resourceful references to the formation of stakeholders’ policies on English language teaching and learning, teachers of English, and future studies.
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Brookwell, M. L., R. P. Bentall, and F. Varese. "Externalizing biases and hallucinations in source-monitoring, self-monitoring and signal detection studies: a meta-analytic review." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 12 (2013): 2465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712002760.
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BackgroundCognitive models have postulated that auditory hallucinations arise from the misattribution of internally generated cognitive events to external sources. Several experimental paradigms have been developed to assess this externalizing bias in clinical and non-clinical hallucination-prone samples, including source-monitoring, verbal self-monitoring and auditory signal detection tasks. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize the wealth of empirical findings from these experimental studies.MethodA database search was carried out for reports between January 1985 and March 2012. Additional studies were retrieved by contacting authors and screening references of eligible reports. Studies were considered eligible if they compared either (i) hallucinating and non-hallucinating patients with comparable diagnoses, or (ii) non-clinical hallucination-prone and non-prone participants using source-monitoring, verbal self-monitoring or signal detection tasks, or used correlational analyses to estimate comparable effects.ResultsThe analysis included 15 clinical (240 hallucinating patients and 249 non-hallucinating patients) and nine non-clinical studies (171 hallucination-prone and 177 non-prone participants; 57 participants in a correlation study). Moderate-to-large summary effects were observed in both the clinical and analogue samples. Robust and significant effects were observed in source-monitoring and signal detection studies, but not in self-monitoring studies, possibly due to the small numbers of eligible studies in this subgroup. The use of emotionally valenced stimuli led to effects of similar magnitude to the use of neutral stimuli.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that externalizing biases are important cognitive underpinnings of hallucinatory experiences. Clinical interventions targeting these biases should be explored as possible treatments for clients with distressing voices.
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Gontijo, Clovis Salgado. "A Imaterialidade do Inefável: Traços Imponderáveis da Percepção Auditiva e da Experiência Musical em Vladimir Jankélévitch." Philosophy of Music 74, no. 4 (2018): 983–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2018_74_4_0983.
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The concept of the ineffable, employed by Vladimir Jankélévitch’s philosophy of music, seems to imply, besides a limit to verbal expression, the idea of immateriality. This article will initially consider the immaterial tenor of the ineffable in two strands which particularly influenced the philosopher: Christian mysticism and Neoplatonism. A second and larger section will be devoted to the investigation of the theme in Jankélévitchian philosophy of music. Firstly, some “immaterial” features of musical experience and auditory perception, such as its indivisible, non-locatable, non-storable and non-objectifiable character will be identified. Secondly, it will focus on the intentional search of immateriality by Debussy and Fauré, who enhance the immateriality of music through specific procedures, such as the choice of diaphanous motifs, the nocturnal setting, the absence of external references, the exploration of veiled timbers and of sonorities of minimal intensity, the special use of modality and modulation. These aspects will be summed up in the conclusion, which will also question the possibility of inferring the alleged essential immateriality of music from the poetics that cultivate intangible sonorous atmospheres.
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Al-Zayed, Norma Nawaf Yousef. "An Investigation of Learning Style Preferences on the Students’ Academic Achievements of English." International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 5 (2017): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v7n5p176.
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This study aims to investigate whether there are any statistically significant correlation between perceptual learning styles and achievement. Raising learners’ awareness regarding their learning styles and preferences, which develops the better understanding of the learning achievement, and help instructors become more conscious of some factors affecting academic achievement. Additionally, the study assists instructors to identify their student’s preferred learning styles that can affect their achievement. Furthermore, no study up to now has been conducted in Jordan which investigates the relationship between the learning styles on the achievement of EFL at the tertiary level. The data was collected through the learning style preferences questionnaire and it was analyzed using statistical techniques, Descriptive statistics showed that: 1). The most preferred learning styles followed the auditory style, group learning style, kinesthetic style and visual style. 2). The finding also revealed that there was no statistically significant correlation between learning style and achievement. Additionally, both showed similar references for kinesthetic and visual styles. Based on these findings, some recommendations have been made.
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Chung, Lucia H. "With one eye on: Viewing a sound installation." Soundtrack 3, no. 2 (2010): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/st.3.2.117_1.
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In recent years, the term sound installation has been created and deployed to describe a variety of interdisciplinary artwork that, in one way or another, involves the phenomenon of sound. Sometimes, we encounter a piece of sound installation that seeks to heighten our auditory experience by removing any visual references.1 More often, we see a piece of sound installation that incorporates visual elements that may or may not have direct relationship to the sound itself. It can be listened to through headphones to create an intimate relationship with the viewer/listener. Or it can be presented in a cacophonous manner that drives some viewers/listeners away whilst appealing to others.In any case, there is always the role of space that hosts the existence of sound. The concept of space can be seen as one of the fundamental elements within the art of sight and sound. Therefore, in this article, by reflecting upon my own practice, I will explore the concept of space within the structure of sound installation, and the interdependent relationship of elements of sight and sound by drawing upon the tradition of electro-acoustic music and installation art.
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Mellinger, Christopher D., and Thomas A. Hanson. "Meta-analyses of simultaneous interpreting and working memory." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 21, no. 2 (2019): 165–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.00026.mel.
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Abstract This article adopts a meta-analytic research framework to examine the strength of the relationship between working memory and simultaneous interpreting. This quantitative analysis utilizes a random effects model to combine multiple studies in an examination of differences between professional interpreters and various comparison groups as well as the relationship between working memory capacity and interpreter performance. Moderating and control variables are discussed, and a classification scheme for work on these topics is proposed. Two moderating variables are examined by testing the difference between working memory tests relying on auditory and visual stimuli as well as storage tasks (short-term memory) and processing tasks (working memory). Published studies were collected from several field-specific databases by querying working memory and simultaneous interpreting as key terms, and then supplemented by reviewing references, searching Google Scholar, and reviewing the work of scholars known to work in the area. Results are indicative of differences between professional and comparison groups, with professional interpreters exhibiting greater working memory capacity. Additionally, an overall positive correlation was observed between working memory capacity and measures of the quality of simultaneous interpreting.
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Maezawa, Tomoki, and Jun I. Kawahara. "Distance Estimation by Blindfolded Sighted Participants Using Echolocation." Perception 48, no. 12 (2019): 1235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006619884788.
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Auditory perceived distance can be distorted in one’s internal representation. Thus, the present study examined whether blindfolded sighted participants could reduce the bias and preserve estimated distance for 5 to 15 s using echolocation. The participants performed a delayed reproduction task that consisted of testing sessions on 2 separate days in which the target distance was manipulated from 20 to 50 cm. Participants were blindfolded and asked to reproduce the distance of a target after a temporal delay of several seconds using click bursts produced by a loudspeaker. The testing session was preceded by a practice session that included training and feedback. The relationship between estimated and actual distances was approximated based on a power function and the over- and underestimation of the target distance on each test day. Although participants showed systematic bias in distance estimation on both days, participants changed their bias in the second session by shifting reproduced locations closer to their bodies. The accuracy and consistency of their responses improved across the 2 days. Neither accuracy nor consistency was affected by the retention intervals. These enhancements of performance might be due to improved hearing ability or calibration of internal spatial references through a practice session.
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McKenney, Cynthia. "(315) Learning Style Characteristics of On-line Horticulture Students." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1056C—1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1056c.
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Learning style preferences may impact the success of on-line students in distance education courses. In this study, students from four on-line courses voluntarily completed a modified learning styles assessment instrument. Students attaining a course average of 90% or greater were considered to have excelled in their respective course. The results from these learners were compared to those of students with lower course averages. It was determined the students that excelled in these on-line courses were visual learners that preferred more images and diagrams than textual references and instructions. This was confirmed by their choice of a map rather than written instructions to a new location when compared to their peers. In addition, they were more likely to prefer a class where they used visual skills rather than auditory skills than their peers. The high-performing students were also more likely to lose points on a timed test due to not reading the written information carefully, while their peers with lower course averages were more likely to run out of time on the test. Recognizing these learning style differences may allow faculty to design courses that better suit their on-line students.
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Sutter, M. L., and C. E. Schreiner. "Topography of intensity tuning in cat primary auditory cortex: single-neuron versus multiple-neuron recordings." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 1 (1995): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.190.
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1. We studied the spatial distributions of amplitude tuning (monotonicity of rate-level functions) and response threshold of single neurons along the dorsoventral extent of cat primary auditory cortex (AI). To pool data across animals, we used the multiple-unit map of monotonicity as a frame of reference. Amplitude selectivity of multiple units is known to vary systematically along isofrequency contours, which run roughly in the dorsoventral direction. Clusters sharply tuned for intensity (i.e., "nonmonotonic" clusters) are located near the center of the contour. A second nonmonotonic region can be found several millimeters dorsal to the center. We used the locations of these two nonmonotonic regions as reference points to normalize data across animals. Additionally, to compare this study to sharpness of frequency tuning results, we also used multiple-unit bandwidth (BW) maps as references to pool data. 2. The multiple-unit amplitude-related topographies recorded in previous studies were confirmed. Pooled multiple-unit maps closely approximated the previously reported individual case maps when the multiple-unit monotonicity or the map of bandwidth (in octaves) of pure tones to which a cell responds 40 dB above minimum threshold were used as the pooling reference. When the map of bandwidth (in octaves) of pure tones to which a cell responds 10 dB above minimum threshold map was used as part of the measure, the pooled spatial pattern of multiple-unit activity was degraded. 3. Single neurons exhibited nonmonotonic rate-level functions more frequently than multiple units. Although common in single-neuron recordings (28%), strongly nonmonotonic recordings (firing rates reduced by > 50% at high intensities) were uncommon (8%) in multiple-unit recordings. Intermediately nonmonotonic neurons (firing rates reduced between 20% and 50% at high intensities) occurred with nearly equal probability in single-neuron (28%) and multiple-unit (26%) recordings. The remaining recordings for multiple units (66%) and single units (44%) were monotonic (firing rates within 20% of the maximum at the highest tested intensity). 4. In ventral AI (AIv), the topography of monotonicity for single units was qualitatively similar to multiple units, although single units were on average more intensity selective. In dorsal AI (AId) we consistently found a spatial gradient for sharpness of intensity tuning for multiple units; however, for pooled single units in Aid there was no clear topographic gradient. 5. Response (intensity) thresholds of single neurons were not uniformly distributed across the dorsoventral extent of AI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Commerford, Benjamin P., Dana R. Hermanson, Richard W. Houston, and Michael F. Peters. "Real Earnings Management: A Threat to Auditor Comfort?" AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 35, no. 4 (2016): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-51405.
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SUMMARY Real earnings management (REM) is an increasingly common method of manipulating financial results, yet little research examines auditors' perceptions of and responses to REM. Using the auditor comfort framework (Pentland 1993; Carrington and Catasús 2007), we examine the extent to which REM impacts auditor comfort and how, in the presence of REM, auditors rely on comfort-building strategies in trying to move from a state of discomfort (i.e., fear of failing to identify misstatements) to comfort. Based on in-depth interviews of 20 experienced auditors, we find that auditors are aware of REM and often identify REM through formalized protocols that include analytical procedures, discussions with management, or their knowledge of the business. Formal audit procedures play a role when trying to address, “rationally,” the risk of REM, but we also find that auditors use emotive phrases and references to body senses related to discomfort, indicating that there also is an emotional component to dealing with REM (Guénin-Paracini, Malsch, and Marché-Paillé 2014). Most of the interviewees have concerns about REM (i.e., it threatens comfort), largely because they believe that it is indicative of management's desire to meet short-term targets (i.e., poor management tone), and that it may signal the use of other, less acceptable earnings management methods (i.e., accruals-based earnings management) to meet those targets. Interviewees respond to the discomfort caused by REM in many ways, including engaging in discussions with the client, increasing skepticism, and altering audit procedures and risk assessments. Auditors may even go as far as resigning from an engagement because of REM. Our analysis reveals that REM is a significant source of auditor discomfort and that auditors use both their rationality and their emotions/body senses to identify and try to alleviate that discomfort.
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Mohamed, Fatima Elyass. "The Impact of the External Auditor’s low fees on the quality of Professional Performance in Saudi Arabia." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 11 (2020): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.711.9333.
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This study was conducted to study the impact of low fees of the external auditors on the quality of the professional performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia including the stages of development of the external audit, the standards of quality control, the factors affecting the quality of performance and the matters that affect the fees of the external auditor. The importance of this research stems from the importance of the auditor's work and how the events of economic collapses affect the fees of the auditor. This research raised several questions about the factors affecting improving the quality of audit services, the extent of the impact of the independence of the audit work team and determining their fees on the quality of the review process and determining the relationship between the internal auditor and the external auditor and the extent of approval of the second over first. The study samples were randomly selected to be about 10% of the study community (15 offices). Sixty questionnaires were distributed, of which 45 returned questionnaires, 75% valid for analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS software for descriptive statistical analysis. The tested hypothesis were as follow: professional performance quality is not affected by the evolution of the audit office; It does not affect low fees and low on quality performance; whenever the level of fees dropped the more professional level of excesses and the higher the quality of the performance of the internal auditor, the less external work references. The assumptions were tested regarding the above group of factors or the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. All of them accepted the hypothesis that the quality of professional performance was not affected by the development of the audit offices fees.
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Mucci, Nicola, Veronica Traversini, Chiara Lorini, et al. "Urban Noise and Psychological Distress: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (2020): 6621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186621.
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Chronic exposure to urban noise is harmful for auditory perception, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and nervous systems, while also causing psychological annoyance. Around 25% of the EU population experience a deterioration in the quality of life due to annoyance and about 5–15% suffer from sleep disorders, with many disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost annually. This systematic review highlights the main sources of urban noise, the relevant principal clinical disorders and the most effected countries. This review included articles published on the major databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus), using a combination of some keywords. The online search yielded 265 references; after selection, the authors have analyzed 54 articles (5 reviews and 49 original articles). From the analysis, among the sources of exposure, we found the majority of items dealing with airports and wind turbines, followed by roads and trains; the main disorders that were investigated in different populations dealt with annoyance and sleep disorders, sometimes associated with cardiovascular symptoms. Regarding countries, studies were published from all over the world with a slight prevalence from Western Europe. Considering these fundamental health consequences, research needs to be extended in such a way as to include new sources of noise and new technologies, to ensure a health promotion system and to reduce the risk of residents being exposed.
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Larsen, Charlotte Rørdam. "Recycling sound in Commercials." SoundEffects - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Sound and Sound Experience 2, no. 1 (2012): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/se.v2i1.5184.
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Commercials offer the opportunity for intergenerational memory and impinge on cultural memory. TV commercials for foodstuffs often make reference to past times as a way of authenticating products. This is frequently achieved using visual cues, but in this paper I would like to demonstrate how such references to the past and ‘the good old days’ can be achieved through sounds. In particular, I will look at commercials for Danish non-dairy spreads, especially for OMA margarine. These commercials are notable in that they contain a melody and a slogan – ‘Say the name: OMA margarine’ – that have basically remained the same for 70 years. Together these identifiers make OMA an interesting Danish case to study. With reference to Ann Rigney’s memorial practices or mechanisms, the study aims to demonstrate how the auditory aspects of Danish margarine commercials for frying tend to be limited in variety: in general, the soundtracks of margarine commercials seem to merge into one, they are somewhat alike. The OMA commercials are no exception, but the OMA melody makes a distinction. In general the soundtracks of OMA margarine commercials (and the use of melody) seem to have shifted from using a predominantly semantic causal soundtrack to tracks using aesthetic and musicalised elements which are supposed to arouse more sensuous feelings in the consumers.
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S, Fipiariny. "PERSEPSI PEMAHAMAN PERANAN AUDITOR, ETIKA AUDITOR DAN INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR INTERNAL DALAM MEWUJUDKAN GOOD UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE DENGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI." BALANCE Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis 4, no. 1 (2019): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jab.v4i1.1884.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of the role, ethics, and independence of internal auditors in implementing good university governance (GUG) with leadership style as a moderation variable. Multiple linear regression and moderation regression analysis models are used to test the hypothesis. The primary data are obtained through questionnaires that are distributed to the respondents, namely the dean and head of study program at the UniversitasBinaDarma and UniversitasMuhammadiyahPalembang. The results of this study indicate that the instruments in each variable proved to be valid and reliable. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it can be seen that simultaneously the variable of role, ethics, and independence of internal auditors have positively and significantly effect in implementing good university governance (GUG). These results provide justification or endorsement of the theoretical truths used as the theoretical references of Stewardship Theory and Attitude and Behavioral Theory. Based on the partial test, role of auditor does not significantly affect the variable of GUG, but ethics and independence variable are found to be significant in influencing GUG. The leadership style is negative and insignificant in moderating the role of internal auditors and GUC and also the independence of internal auditor and GUC. The leadership style is found to be positive and insignificant in moderating the relationship of internal auditors’ ethics and GUC.
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Any, Fipitriany. "PERSEPSI PEMAHAMAN PERANAN AUDITOR, ETIKA AUDITOR DAN INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR INTERNAL DALAM MEWUJUDKAN GOOD UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE DENGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI." BALANCE Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis 4, no. 1 (2019): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jab.v4i1.1796.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of the role, ethics, and independence of internal auditors in implementing good university governance (GUG) with leadership style as a moderation variable. Multiple linear regression and moderation regression analysis models are used to test the hypothesis. The primary data are obtained through questionnaires that are distributed to the respondents, namely the dean and head of study program at the UniversitasBinaDarma and UniversitasMuhammadiyahPalembang. The results of this study indicate that the instruments in each variable proved to be valid and reliable. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it can be seen that simultaneously the variable of role, ethics, and independence of internal auditors have positively and significantly effect in implementing good university governance (GUG). These results provide justification or endorsement of the theoretical truths used as the theoretical references of Stewardship Theory and Attitude and Behavioral Theory. Based on the partial test, role of auditor does not significantly affect the variable of GUG, but ethics and independence variable are found to be significant in influencing GUG. The leadership style is negative and insignificant in moderating the role of internal auditors and GUC and also the independence of internal auditor and GUC. The leadership style is found to be positive and insignificant in moderating the relationship of internal auditors’ ethics and GUC.Keywords Role, Ethics, Independence, Internal Auditor, Leadership Style, Good University Governance ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh peran, etika, dan independensi auditor internal dalam menerapkan good university governance (GUG) dengan gaya kepemimpinan sebagai variabel moderasi. Model analisis regresi linier berganda dan regresi moderasi digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden, yaitu dekan dan ketua program studi di Universitas Bina Darma dan Universitas MuhammadiyahPalembang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumen dalam setiap variabel terbukti valid dan dapat diandalkan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dapat dilihat bahwa secara simultan variabel peran, etika, dan independensi auditor internal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam penerapan good university governance (GUG). Hasil ini memberikan pembenaran atau pengesahan kebenaran teoretis yang digunakan sebagai referensi teoretis dari Teori Penatalayanan dan Teori Sikap dan Perilaku. Berdasarkan uji parsial, peran auditor tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi variabel GUG, tetapi variabel etika dan independensi ditemukan signifikan dalam mempengaruhi GUG. Gaya kepemimpinan negatif dan tidak signifikan dalam memoderasi peran auditor internal dan GUC dan juga independensi auditor internal dan GUC. Gaya kepemimpinan ditemukan menjadi positif dan tidak signifikan dalam memoderasi hubungan etika auditor internal dan GUC Kata Kunci Peran, Etika, Independensi, Auditor Internal, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Tata Kelola Universitas
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Anggraeni, Eka Nurlita, Inggrid Ayu Amala, Iwan Wicaksono, and Aris Singgih Budiarso. "Identification of the Conceptual Understanding of the Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion (GLBB) Material Using PhET Application and the VAK Learning Model among Junior High School Students." Journal of Science Education Research 2, no. 2 (2018): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jser.v2i2.22477.
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Junior high school students find it difficult to understand the materials and the concepts in science learning because the teaching method that is too monotonous. It is the lecturing method where students are less involved in learning activities, and this has led to the decline in students’ learning outcomes in science learning. The use of media and learning models play an important role. The popular media in learning are modern media, in this case PhET application. This application can give the impression of a direct experiment among students without ignoring technological developments where IT is needed by students. This study aims to identify students' conceptions on concepts. The type of this research was a library research. This study used the VAK learning model (Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic). In the VAK learning model, the teacher can combine three teaching-learning styles. 1) The teacher will prioritize the demonstration or the media by showing the teaching tools directly to the students and describing them on the board. 2) In learning by listening, the teacher must be able to explain clearly and in detail so that the students can understand the material presented. 3) In learning practice, after the students listen and learn through physical activity and direct involvement, they must conduct a direct experiment to gain deeper understanding of the materials. In this library research, the researchers searched for some references related to the research.
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Slater, Mel, and Martin Usoh. "Representations Systems, Perceptual Position, and Presence in Immersive Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 2, no. 3 (1993): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1993.2.3.221.
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This paper discusses factors that may contribute to the participant's sense of presence in immersive virtual environments. We distinguish between external factors, that is those wholly determined by the hardware and software technology employed to generate the environment, and subjective factors, that is how sensory inputs to the human participant are processed internally. The therapeutic technique known as neurolinguistic programming (NLP) is used as a basis for measuring such internal factors. NLP uses the idea of representation systems (visual, auditory, and kinesthetic) and perceptual position (egocentric or exocentric) to code subjective experience. The paper also considers one external factor, that is how the virtual environment represents a participant—either as a complete body, or just an arrow cursor that responds to hand movements. A case-control pilot experiment is described, where the controls have self-representation as an arrow cursor, and the experimental group subjects as a simple virtual body. Measurements of subjects' preferred representation systems and perceptual positions are obtained based on counts of types of predicates and references used in essays written after the experiment. These, together with the control variable (possession/absence of a virtual body), are used as explanatory variables in a regression analysis, with reported sense of presence as the dependent variable. Although tentative and exploratory in nature, the data analysis does suggest a relationship between reported sense of presence, preferred representation system, perceptual position, and an interaction effect between these and the virtual body factor.
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Ismail, Dr Nawzad Shukur, and Assist Lect Abdullah Ibrahim Faqi Salih. "Sensory and Mental images in the poetry of Hakim Nadim AL-Daoudi." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 227, no. 1 (2018): 275–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v227i1.695.
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The theme of the sensory and mental image in their general sense is a starting point for poets to enrich their poetic experiences and draw their artistic paintings that reflect their intellectual visions, feelings and emotions, taking into account the reality of living and imagination. This research deals with the patterns of sensory and mental images of the Iraqi expatriate poet Hakim Nadim Al- Daoudi, and reflects his poetic experiences, which were filled with visions, ideas and feelings in a beautiful artistic style with profound connotation based on his cultural references and linguistic vocabulary, which we rarely find in other poets who write in a non- native language. This is what enriched his poetic texts in terms of his realistic vision of the problems of his society with his intellectual and political dimensions, which cast a shadow on the identification of the features of his sensory and mental image, and the fact that he employs them through what he sees, hears, smells, touches, and tastes, his poetic vision formed a spirtual, spiritual paintings that takes the recipient away to the poetic self- worlds to share his artistic experience.
 The research plan is based on the descriptive analytical approch divided in to two chapters, one of which deals with sensory images of the visual , physical, auditory, tactile and tactile types. In the second chapters we discussed the mental images that included the avator and the abstract images, concluded with the main findings of the research.
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Rawal, Malika, and Lisal J. Folsom. "Cyclical Premenstrual Psychosis - Sometimes It Is Your Hormones." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1585.
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Abstract Background: Menstrual psychosis is a broad term used to describe a number of disorders characterized by the acute onset of psychotic symptoms with brief duration, complete resolution of symptoms between episodes, with timing related to menses. This entity was first described in the 18th century, with only 27 confirmed cases using strict diagnostic criteria. While research into causation is limited, estrogen withdrawal is thought to precipitate psychotic symptoms. We describe a case of premenstrual psychosis successfully treated with use of transdermal hormonal contraception and extended menstrual cycling. Clinical Case: A 25-year-old non-binary biologic female (they/them/theirs) with bipolar disorder, anxiety, and psychogenic non-epileptiform seizures was referred to endocrinology for evaluation of recurrent psychotic symptoms associated with menses. They endorsed stable mental health symptoms on aripiprazole except during the seven days prior to their menstrual cycle. During this time they reported persistent auditory hallucinations along with dysmenorrhea, with symptoms resolving at the onset of menses. Timing of menarche was uncertain, however they reported oligomenorrhea until beginning oral contraceptives at age nineteen, after which they developed regular monthly cycles accompanied by psychotic symptoms. Pituitary and ovarian hormone levels were unable to be assessed due to hormonal contraception. Prolactin was 8.3 ng/mL (3-30 ng/mL). In order to limit hormonal fluctuations from daily oral contraceptive pills and monthly withdrawal, the decision was made to transition to transdermal norelgestromin and ethinyl estradiol patches changed weekly, with extended cycling to allow one menstrual cycle every three months. At follow-up visit nine months later they reported resolution of auditory hallucinations on this regimen, with symptoms recurring only during extreme stress. Conclusions: While the etiology of menstrual psychosis is unclear, described treatments include a combination of neuroleptics and hormonal therapy, including estrogen, progesterone, and GnRH agonists. As symptoms did not resolve until suppression of monthly menstrual cycles, this case supports the estrogen withdrawal hypothesis. Our case adds to the literature both in that transdermal, rather than oral or injectable therapy was used, and treatment was successful in alleviating the patient’s psychotic symptoms, improving their mental health and quality of life. References: (1) Brockington, I. Menstrual Psychosis. World Psychiatry 2005;4(1):9-17. (2) Reilly, T.J., Sagnay de la Bastida, V.C., Joyce, D.W., Cullen, A.E., McGuire, P. Exacerbation of Psychosis During the Perimenstrual Phase of the Menstrual Cycle: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2020;46(1):78-90.
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Grigorova, Evgenija, and Gordana Ristovska. "Public health aspects of phonological articulation disorders in preschool children - literature review." Archives of Public Health 11, no. 1 (2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/aph.2019.2847.
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Speech communication is complex and is based on the integrity of the central nervous system (CNS) function, as well as the speech mechanisms that are conditioned and controlled by an auditory perception, verbal memory, intellectual activity, but also by the peripheral speech apparatus. If there is a deviation from this integrated complex system in its perfect functioning, speech disorders occur. The aim of the paper was to make a literature review that provides scientific evidence of the most frequent phonological articulation disorders in pre-school children and their public health impact. Materials and Methods: Search in the available databases, such as Pubmed, Google scholar, as well as a review of the references in the papers, doctoral dissertations and master thesis. The following search terms were used: speech, language, disorders, dysphasia, dyslalia, aphasia, public health. Results: A total of 90 abstracts were found, all of them were read and 15 were selected as appropriate for the purpose of our research, as well as in extenso papers that were found and analyzed for this review. Conclusions: According to the available scientific evidence, the development of speech and language is a useful indicator of the overall development of the child, and the cognitive ability is related to the success of the school, and therefore the academic development. This rationale supports pre-school speech and language screening as a part of the basic language routine care for children. Public health impact will be reduced through timely diagnosis, prompt detection, prevention and removal of all factors leading to permanent speech disorders.
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Senchuk, Iryna. "Musical Code of Samuel Beckett’s Novel “Murphy”." Слово і Час, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2019.11.50-61.
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The paper explores the ways in which music manifests itself on lexical-semantic, structural and rhythmic-syntactic levels of the novel “Murphy” (1938) by Samuel Beckett, whose Anglo- and Francophone writing is an attempt to synthesize prose and music. Beckett’s aesthetic ideas, his understanding of the expressivity of word and music were considerably influenced by Wittgenstein’s philosophy of linguistic skepticism and Schopenhauer’s vision of music as the only way of expressing the essence of the world.
 In his work, not only does Beckett combine the two forms of art through allusions and references, phonetic sound imitation or modeling of particular musical forms, but also makes an attempt to use the imagery of music and its ability to directly express feelings and thoughts, focusing on ‘semantic possibilities’ of music as a metaphor. Being sensitive to the sounding qualities of phrases in his works, Beckett perceived any sounds, even human ones, as music. He saturates the novel “Murphy” with auditory memories, rising and falling sounds, rhythms, melodies and musical categories, which enhance its musical effect. The diversity of musicality in Beckettian text is also manifested in the rhythmic organization, the presence of leitmotifs, and extensive use of verbal and structural repetitions.
 Therefore, Beckett’s method in “Murphy” involves using devices of musical expressiveness, as well as transforming the musical categories into metaphors of different experiences. Simultaneously, the rhythm of repetitions makes the emotional tonality of the work more distinct and creates the effect of intense movement of the consciousness.
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Mamo, Sara K., Nicholas S. Reed, Carrie Price, et al. "Hearing Loss Treatment in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 10 (2018): 2589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-18-0077.
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Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to assess studies of treating hearing loss in older adults with cognitive impairment. Of interest to this review is identifying clinical adaptations that may be used to tailor hearing loss treatment to older adults with cognitive impairment in order to better serve this vulnerable population. Method A systematic search with controlled vocabulary and key word terms was applied to PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Search concepts included terms related to hearing loss and cognitive impairment. The overall search resulted in 4,945 unique references, 50 of which were eligible for full-text review and 13 of which were included in the final review. Included manuscripts were categorized according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's levels of evidence and the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tools. Results Only 1 study implemented a randomized controlled trial design to assess cognitive function and behavioral symptoms after treatment with hearing aids. Other quasiexperimental studies evaluated dementia-related symptoms and/or auditory function after treating hearing loss in pre/post research designs. Finally, evidence from case studies suggested that hearing loss treatment is feasible, reduces stressful communication for caregivers, and improves dementia-related behavior problems. Conclusion Based on the systematic review, evidence suggests that treating hearing loss in persons with cognitive impairment can have benefits to communication and quality of life. Because of the quasi- and nonexperimental nature of most of the evidence found in this review, further studies are necessary to understand the effect of treatment in the context of a variable and progressive disease.
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Bartindale, Matthew, Matthew Kircher, William Adams, et al. "Hearing Loss following Posterior Fossa Microvascular Decompression: A Systematic Review." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 158, no. 1 (2017): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599817728878.
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Objectives (1) Determine the prevalence of hearing loss following microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). (2) Demonstrate factors that affect postoperative hearing outcomes after MVD. Data Sources PubMed-NCBI, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases from 1981 to 2016. Review Methods Systematic review of prospective cohort studies and retrospective reviews in which any type of hearing loss was recorded after MVD for TN or HFS. Three researchers extracted data regarding operative indications, procedures performed, and diagnostic tests employed. Discrepancies were resolved by mutual consensus. Results Sixty-nine references with 18,233 operations met inclusion criteria. There were 7093 patients treated for TN and 11,140 for HFS. The overall reported prevalence of hearing loss after MVD for TN and HFS was 5.58% and 8.25%, respectively. However, many of these studies relied on subjective measures of reporting hearing loss. In 23 studies with consistent perioperative audiograms, prevalence of hearing loss was 13.47% for TN and 13.39% for HFS, with no significant difference between indications ( P = .95). Studies using intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring were more likely to report hearing loss for TN (relative risk [RR], 2.28; P < .001) but not with HFS (RR, 0.88; P = .056). Conclusion Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss are important complications following posterior fossa MVD. Many studies have reported on hearing loss using either subjective measures and/or inconsistent audiometric testing. Routine perioperative audiogram protocols improve the detection of hearing loss and may more accurately represent the true risk of hearing loss after MVD for TN and HFS.
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Kurz, R. "Challenging MCMI-III Results With In-Depth Psychometric Assessment and Lacter & Lehmann (2008) Complex Trauma Guidelines." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1894.
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IntroductionComplex trauma resulting from neglect and abuse in early childhood is frequently misdiagnosed.ObjectiveThis presentation shares emerging “best assessment practices” that help to differentiate complex trauma from Schizophrenia.AimsThe case study demonstrates that a wide-ranging psychometric assessment and the application of Lacter & Lehmann (2008) guidelines provide accurate results while MCMI-III results can be spurious.Method“Unbelievable” disclosures of an adult survivor prompted a search for scientific references, experiences in the survivor scene and historical examples. Work-related personality questionnaires, in-depth ability tests and Lacter & Lehmann (2008) guidelines were deployed to differentiate complex trauma from an erroneous diagnosis based largely on MCMI-III results.ResultsThe research identified measurement issues with the MCMI-III clinical personality questionnaire that generated spurious elevations on Narcissistic, Delusional and Paranoid scales. Work-related personality questionnaires provided much more useful information showing no “personality disorder” risks at all. WAIS results confirmed an earlier “Twice Exceptional” ability pattern with very high verbal IQ (95%ile) and extraordinarily poor auditory working memory (2nd%ile) i.e. a “Dyslexia” performance pattern. Lacter & Lehmann (2008) guidelines showed that none of the 42 schizophrenia indicators applied and only 1/3 of the complex trauma indicators.ConclusionMental health professionals must remain cognizant to the chilling notion that extreme abusers may “frame” victims in order to make them “appear” schizophrenic. As MCMI-III was developed originally for those seeking therapy, its use in forensic settings with the general population should be avoided. Tests do not diagnose people – people do!Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Nehu Parimi, Joseph Theressa, John Chen Liu, Rajani Gundluru, et al. "A Case of Psychosis Due to Acute Hypocalcemia From Hypoparathyroidism." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A172—A173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.348.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A 61-year-old female with past medical history of depression, hypoparathyroidism (hypoPtH), and hypothyroidism had disappeared from her home and was found wandering a few hours away with persecutory delusions, visual and auditory hallucinations. Serum calcium (Ca) was 6.3 mg/dL (range 8.6–10.2), albumin 3.7 g/dL (range 3.5–5.2) and ionized Ca 0.89 mmol/L (range 1.12–1.30). She was admitted and treated with Ca and calcitriol. Work-up for altered mental status was negative except for hypocalcemia (hypoCa) and scattered bilateral basal ganglia calcifications (BGC) with cortical and subcortical frontal lobe calcifications on CT. Psychiatry diagnosed delirium due to hypoCa. Acute psychosis resolved once Ca levels improved. Diagnosis of idiopathic hypoPtH was in 1997. Her regimen included Ca citrate 1500mg daily and 10 mcg of Forteo twice daily. She had skipped her medications for at least 2 days prior to presentation. Her medical records revealed that she was seen for severe depression, progressive gait abnormalities, slowed movements, and imbalance, in 2015. CT scan and MRI brain showed BGC. Her son gave a history of multiple admissions for psychosis, violence, delusions with agitation, and wandering at times when the patient was hypoCa, which was diagnosed as schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatric disturbances are commonly associated with hypercalcemia. Review of literature found a few case reports of psychosis and hypoPtH 1,2 BGC is common in hypoPtH. Psychotic symptoms due to BGC include auditory hallucinations, delusions of influence, paranoid states, and complex perceptual distortions.3,5 HypoCa is associated with cognitive impairment. Neurological manifestations tend to improve with Ca correction, but psychiatric symptoms do not improve substantially.4,5 Further studies are needed in hypoPtH with BGC to appropriately diagnose organic psychosis. This is important in management of the vicious cycle of psychiatric illness leading to noncompliance resulting in psychosis. Prevention of BGC will play a key role. References: 1. Finan M, Axelband J. This is your brain on calcium: psychosis as the presentation of isolated hypoparathyroidism. Am J Emerg Med. 2014;32:945.e1-4. 2. Ang AW, Ko SM, Tan CH. Calcium, magnesium, and psychotic symptoms in a girl with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Psychosom Med. 1995;57:299–302. 3. Burns K, Brodaty H. Fahr’s disease and psychosis. In: Sachdev PS, Keshavan MS, editors. Secondary schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University; 2010. p. 358–66. 4. Maiti A, Chatterjee S. Neuropsychiatric manifestations and their outcomes in chronic hypocalcaemia. J Indian Med Assoc. 2013;111:174–7. 5. Amara A, Novais C, Coelho M, Silva A, Curral R, Brandao I, Torres A. Organic psychosis due to hypoparathyroidism in an older adult: a case report. Braz. J. Psychiatry; 2016; 38(4)
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Manayseh, Mahmoud, and D. C. Stalin. "Auditor Independence and its Impact on Financial Statements Audit (Evidence from Oman)." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 8, no. 3 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v8i3.2397.
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Defrauding and error discovering by external auditor influence his relationship with his clients of professional auditing, a financial interest that auditor received it affect on the credibility of auditing and the relationships between the practices associated with the audit and the rules of professional conduct standards factors and changing the external auditor of professional auditing in Sultanate of Oman are investigated analyzed and to know the aspects related to change the External Auditor and its impact on the principle of independence, an issue of stakeholders interest in the companies under review.In the framework of the keenness of financial and administrative control of Oman to keep up with development in the professional work and the adoption of global best practices in audit work so as achieve efficiency and effectiveness in business and goals accomplished device, the study results from the questionnaire concluded that the subsequent discovery of the error, fraud and illegal acts after the issuance of the report shows the negligence of the references in the performance of his professional duties of professional auditing in Sultanate of Oman, the associated application with a review of the professional rules and standards of behavior affect change in the external auditor and also the quality associated with checking the extent of the auditor’s commitment to auditing standards process of professional auditing in Sultanate of Oman.
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Yang, Nathaniel W. "Unilateral Horizontal Semicircular Canal Malformation Causing Recurrent Vertigo." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 32, no. 2 (2018): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v32i2.87.
Full textAbstract:
A 62-year-old man consulted for recurrent episodes of vertigo lasting from seconds to several minutes. The vertigo was variably described as spinning, lateral swaying, and a feeling of being “unsure of his position in space.” These episodes were noted to have begun when the patient was still in his 20’s. Standard pure tone audiometry revealed a mild-to-moderate downsloping mixed hearing loss in the left ear. Bithermal caloric testing indicated the presence of a significant left-sided peripheral vestibular loss. Due to the fact that the vertigo episodes presented relatively early in life, the possibility of a congenital inner ear malformation was considered as a cause for his symptoms. Computerized tomographic (CT) imaging of the temporal bone was performed. This clearly showed the left horizontal semicircular canal lacking a central bony island. (Figure 1 and 2) The cochlea, superior and posterior semicircular canals, vestibular and cochlear aqueducts, and ossicular chain were grossly normal.
 A malformation of the horizontal or lateral semicircular canal is one of the most common inner ear malformations, as it is the last vestibular structure to be formed during inner ear embryogenesis. As such, it may occur in isolation or may be associated with other vestibular, cochlear, or middle ear malformations.1,2 Although vertigo and dizziness are symptoms to be expected in such a condition, existing data indicates that it may be totally asymptomatic, or it may also present as a sensorineural, conductive, or mixed type of hearing loss.1,3 Radiologic imaging is of prime importance in diagnosing such conditions, especially when auditory and/or vestibular symptoms manifest early in life. This case perfectly illustrates the need for such studies, as the patient went undiagnosed for more than forty years!
 No definitive statements can be gleaned from existing medical literature with respect to treatment. However, in patients with debilitating vestibular symptoms, management with modalities that selectively target the vestibular system, but spare the auditory system, such as vestibular neurectomy and trans-tympanic aminoglycoside therapy appear to be reasonable options.
 
 References
 
 
 Johnson J, Lalwani AK. Sensorineural and conductive hearing loss associated with lateral semicircular canal malformation. Laryngoscope 2000 Oct;110(10):1673–1679. DOI:10.1097/00005537-200010000-00019 PMID: 11037823
 
 
 
 Casselman JW, Delanote J, Kuhweide R, van Dinther J, De Foer B, Offeciers EF. Congenital malformations of the temporal bone. In: Lemmerling M, De Foer B, editors. Temporal bone imaging. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2015, pp. 120-154.
 
 
 
 Kim CH, Shin JE, Lee YJ, Park HJ. Clinical characteristics of 7 patients with lateral semicircular canal dysplasia. Res Vestib Sci 2012;11(2):64-68.
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Czerney, Keith, Jaime J. Schmidt, and Anne M. Thompson. "Does Auditor Explanatory Language in Unqualified Audit Reports Indicate Increased Financial Misstatement Risk?" Accounting Review 89, no. 6 (2014): 2115–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50836.
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ABSTRACT According to auditing standards, explanatory language added at the auditor's discretion to unqualified audit reports should not indicate increased financial misstatement risk. However, an auditor is unlikely to add language that would strain the auditor-client relationship absent concerns about the client's financial statements. Using a sample of 30,825 financial statements issued with unqualified audit opinions during 2000–2009, we find that financial statements with audit reports containing explanatory language are significantly more likely to be subsequently restated than financial statements without such language. We find that this positive association is driven by language that references the division of responsibility for performance of the audit, adoption of new accounting principles, and previous restatements. In addition, we find that (1) “emphasis of matter” language that discusses mergers, related-party transactions, and management's use of estimates predicts restatements related to these matters, and that (2) the financial statement accounts noted in the explanatory language typically correspond to the accounts subsequently restated. In sum, our results suggest that present-day audit reports communicate some information about financial reporting quality.
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Mendoza, Veronica Marie M., Juan Ramon V. Perez De Tagle, and Adrian F. Fernando. "Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as an Auricle Mass." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 32, no. 1 (2017): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v32i1.195.
Full textAbstract:
When evaluating patients with a non-traumatic auricular deformity that presents like a soft tissue infection unresponsive to antibiotic therapy and progressively resembles a tumor, immediate biopsy and imaging should be instituted to obtain an accurate diagnosis and avoid unnecessary procedures. After all, not all head and neck masses are managed with surgery.
 
 CASE REPORT
 A 64-year-old diabetic man with a 30 pack-year smoking history presented with progressive diffuse swelling of the right auricule with exudative yellow non-foul smelling discharge. Initially diagnosed with auricular cellulitis by an ENT specialist, there was no response to oral and topical antibiotic treatment as the swelling developed into a large cauliflower-like deformity. Incisional biopsy only revealed fibrocollagenous tissue with chronic inflammation without evident granuloma.
 With the progressively enlarging right auricular mass unresponsive to medical treatment for over six months, the man underwent a series of multi-disciplinary consultations in our institution. Also noted were left tragal enlargement without ulceration or bleeding, palpable level II-III cervical lymph nodes (measuring 2.5 cm in widest diameter), but no palpable skin lesions, other signs or associated symptoms. (Figure 1) Otoscopy was normal with normal hearing thresholds on the right and mild conductive hearing loss on the left on pure tone audiometry. The rest of the physical examination and blood laboratory tests were unremarkable.
 A temporal bone CT scan (to determine mass extent and the best site for repeat incisional biopsy) showed an intensely enhancing external ear mass extending to the outer cartilaginous portion of the auditory canal with multiple sub-centimeter enhancing nodules in the right parotid gland. (Figure 2) An excision biopsy between the junction of the mass and grossly normal-looking tissue of the right helix revealed Atypical Round Cell Tumor, subsequently diagnosed as T-cell Lymphoma after strongly staining with CD3 and Ki67 immunohistochemistry studies.
 After unremarkable repeat chest x-ray and abdominal CT findings, the patient underwent six cycles of chemotherapy using the CHOP (Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Prednisone) protocol for Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), Stage II. Significant decrease in size of the auricular mass was noted from the second cycle until no mass was evident after completion of the regimen. No recurrence was noted during a 48-month follow-up period. (Figure 3)
 
 DISCUSSION
 
 Because the external ear and auditory canal can be affected by various organisms especially in elderly, diabetic, and immunocompromised individuals, aggressive medical treatment is often warranted. A neoplastic etiology should be suspected when rapidly progressive ear deformities arise in cases of perichondritis and other non-infectious inflammatory conditions that are non-responsive even to culture-guided therapy. In the absence of trauma, such other causes of ear deformity as sarcoidosis, perniosis, polychondritis, and auricular pseudocyst must be carefully investigated by adequate biopsies and histopathologic studies to rule out malignant processes.1,2
 Lymphomas represent approximately 2.5% of head and neck malignancies, and the majority present with cervical lymph node involvement.2 While 40% of head and neck lymphomas occur in such extranodal sites as the nasopharynx, lacrimal sac, temporal bone, or salivary glands, they rarely involve the auricle and external auditory canal.2 More common malignancies that may lead to auricular masses and deformities such as squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, must be ruled out.3,4 These conditions have distinct presentations and may arise from the external ear, middle ear or temporal bone before affecting the external auditory canal.5
 The literature on extra-nodal lymphomas is scarce, with B- cell origin more commonly reported. On the other hand, peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) represent only 10-15% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, categorized as nodal, extra nodal or leukemic.6 A subtype of PTCL that do not correspond to any of the specifically defined T-cell entities in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification are defined as not otherwise specified PCTL (PTCL-NOS).7,8 However, based on a search of PubMed and HERDIN using the search terms “peripheral T-cell lymphoma,” “auricle,” and “external ear,” to the best of our knowledge, PTCL-NOS has not been locally reported as primarily affecting the external ear.6,8 
 The clinical presentation of primary lymphomas of the EAC is non-specific and they can be easily misdiagnosed and treated as infectious or inflammatory conditions of the external ear. As with other conditions, early and accurate diagnosis based on good clinical correlation with imaging studies must be achieved to allow early and specific treatment. For PTCL-NOS, the Ann Arbor staging system still applies although it was originally designed for Hodgkin lymphoma.7 Surgical management has been reported for isolated auricular lymphomas but disseminated disease or involvement of complex structures such as the external ear warrant chemotherapy as the primary and definitive treatment.2 External beam radiation has likewise been reported as an option but may not be applicable in this particular case where structural preservation of the auricle is considered.2 To date, no therapeutic guidelines have been established due to the paucity of cases.
 This case of PTCL-NOS of the auricle, just like other reported cases of lymphoma arising from the external auditory canal, appear to respond well with the standard CHOP regimen. The favorable resolution in our case suggests that surgical resection of the auricle should be reserved for non-response to standard treatment for lymphoma.
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Kindem S, Traves V, Requena C, Alcalá R, Llombart B, Serra-Guillén C, et al. Bilateral cauliflower ear as the presenting sign of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Cutan Pathol. 2014 Feb; 41(2): 73–77. DOI: 10.1111/cup.12290; PMID: 24460879. 
 Bruschini L, De Vito A, Fortunato S, Pelosini M, Cervetti G, Petrini M, et al. A Case of Primary Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the External Auditory Canal. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2013; 2013: 138397. DOI:10.1155/2013/138397; PMID: 23984144; PMCID: PMC3747615 
 Merkus P, Copper MP, van Oers MH, Schouwenburg PF. Lymphoma in the ear. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2000 Sep-Oct; 62(5): 274–77. DOI: 27759; PMID: 10965264. 
 González Delgado A, Argudo Marco F, Sánchez Martínez N, Sprekelsen Gassó C. T cell Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the external auditory canal. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2008 Apr; 59(4):200–201. PMID: 18447981. 
 National Cancer Institute [Internet]. Cancer facts. Head and neck cancer: questions and answers. [cited 2017 Feb 4]. Available from: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/head-and-neck/. 
 Shuto J, Ueyama T, Suzuki M, Mogi G. Primary lymphoma of bilateral external auditory canals. Am J Otolaryngol. 2002 Jan-Feb; 23(1):49-52. PMID: 11791249.
 Lister TA, Crowther D, Sutcliffe SB, Glatstein E, Canellos GP, Young RC, et al. Report of a committee convened to discuss the evaluation and staging of patients with Hodgkin's disease: Cotswolds meeting. J Clin Oncol. 1989 Nov; 7(11): 1630–6. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.11.1630; PMID: 2809679.
 
 Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Facts [Internet]. White Plains, NY: Leukemia and lymphoma society. [Revised 2014 Jul; cited 2017 Feb 4] Available from: https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/peripheraltcelllymphomafacts.pdf
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Rosa, Luana Araujo Cruz, Marcia Rumi Suzuki, Rosanna Giaffredo Angrisani, and Marisa Frassom Azevedo. "Auditory Brainstem Response: reference-values for age." CoDAS 26, no. 2 (2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2014469in.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE: To study the absolute latencies of waves I , III and V and interpeak I-III , III-V and I-V of Auditory brainstem responses obtained in preterm newborns in relation to post-conceptual age, term newborns and six months of age infants, establishing reference values for each age group. METHODS: Retrospective study realized through the analysis of tests performed on 80 infants divided into four groups, being the group one composed per newborns assessed between 35 and 36 weeks post-conceptual age; group two by newborns assessed between 37 and 38 weeks; group three with newborns reviewed between 39 to 40 weeks; and group four with infants evaluated with six months. RESULTS: The wave I absolute latency in the group one was 1.81 ms, decreasing to 1.79 ms in groups two and three, and to 1.70 ms in group four. The wave III latency in group one was 4.74 ms, decreasing to 4.62 ms in group two, to 4.56 ms in the group three and to 4.37 ms in the group four. The wave V latency in group one was 7.14 ms, in the group two it was 7.05 ms, in the group three 6.90 ms; and in the group four it was 6.50 ms. Interpeak latencies were also decreased in all groups. CONCLUSION: The latencies studied decreased with the increasing age and were similar values with the international literature.
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Miranda, Agustin, Jorge Bruera, and Silvana Serra. "SCALE OF AUDITORY BEHAVIORS: NORMATIVE REFERENCE VALUES FOR HEALTHY ARGENTINIAN CHILDREN." Acta Neuropsychologica 15, no. 2 (2017): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2403.
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[b]Background: [/b]A comprehensive assessment of central auditory processing disorders includes parent questionnaires. The Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB) was developed to evaluate the limitations and difficulties perceived by guardians of children in everyday activities. The aim of the study was to provide normative data for the SAB for Argentinian healthy children. [b]Material/ Methods:[/b] The parents and guardians of eighty-four children aged 4 and 5 years old, representative of the Argentinian population, completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the SAB. Normative data were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alphas. [b]Results:[/b] The norms for Argentinian children are: 48.60±7.57. Values &amp;amp;lt;37 points (-1,5 Z-score) indicate the need for an evaluation routing of auditory processing, and values &amp;amp;lt;33 points (-2 Z- score) are indicative of disorder. Internal consistency showed a high SAB reliability (α-Cronbach= 0.84).[b]Conclusions: [/b]With the current norms available, central auditory processing can be evaluated in Argentinian children during pediatric clinical practice.
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Włodarczyk, Elżbieta, Agata Szkiełkowska, and Adam Piłka. "Reference values of selected auditory temporal processing tests for Polish school children." Otolaryngologia Polska 72, no. 4 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4366.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Distorted processing of auditory information has a negative impact on the child’s cognitive development. There are only a few studies conducted by Polish researchers determining the normative values of psychoacoustic tests in auditory processing disorders. They are inconsistent due to different methodologies and different research protocols. Objective: The aim of the work was to determine the reference values of selected psychoacoustic tests for the population of Polish children between 7 and 12 years of age. Material and method: The study group consisted of 213 healthy children from 7 to 12 years of age. The condition for including the child in the study was an intellectual norm, proper sound sensitivity, proper development of children’s voice and speech. All children underwent two auditory temporal processing tests. The diagnostic procedure used a standardized Frequency Pattern Test (FPT) and Duration Pattern Test (DPT). The tests were carried out in accordance with the authors' recommendations, using the original versions available on the CD for 60 dB SL intensity, simultaneously for the right and left ear. Results: The reference values for FPT and DPT tests were determined at various age ranges in children aged 7-12. It has been shown that auditory functions change with age and development of the child. Reference values including age, language, cultural and educational differences were prepared. Conclusions: The development of reference values for individual tests for the Polish children population is a key element in the reliable diagnosis of auditory processing.
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Hardy, Chris J. D., Keir X. X. Yong, Johanna C. Goll, Sebastian J. Crutch, and Jason D. Warren. "Impairments of auditory scene analysis in posterior cortical atrophy." Brain 143, no. 9 (2020): 2689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa221.
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Abstract Although posterior cortical atrophy is often regarded as the canonical ‘visual dementia’, auditory symptoms may also be salient in this disorder. Patients often report particular difficulty hearing in busy environments; however, the core cognitive process—parsing of the auditory environment (‘auditory scene analysis’)—has been poorly characterized. In this cross-sectional study, we used customized perceptual tasks to assess two generic cognitive operations underpinning auditory scene analysis—sound source segregation and sound event grouping—in a cohort of 21 patients with posterior cortical atrophy, referenced to 15 healthy age-matched individuals and 21 patients with typical Alzheimer’s disease. After adjusting for peripheral hearing function and performance on control tasks assessing perceptual and executive response demands, patients with posterior cortical atrophy performed significantly worse on both auditory scene analysis tasks relative to healthy controls and patients with typical Alzheimer’s disease (all P &lt; 0.05). Our findings provide further evidence of central auditory dysfunction in posterior cortical atrophy, with implications for our pathophysiological understanding of Alzheimer syndromes as well as clinical diagnosis and management.
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Didoné, Dayane Domeneghini, Michele Vargas Garcia, Sheila Jacques Oppitz, et al. "Auditory evoked potential P300 in adults: reference values." Einstein (São Paulo) 14, no. 2 (2016): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3586.
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ABSTRACT Objective To establish reference intervals for cognitive potential P300 latency using tone burst stimuli. Methods This study involved 28 participants aged between 18 and 59 years. P300 recordings were performed using a two-channel device (Masbe, Contronic). Electrode placement was as follows: Fpz (ground electrode), Cz (active electrode), M1 and M2 (reference electrodes). Intensity corresponded to 80 dB HL and frequent and rare stimulus frequencies to 1,000Hz and 2,000Hz, respectively. Stimuli were delivered binaurally. Results Mean age of participants was 35 years. Average P300 latency was 305ms. Conclusion Maximum acceptable P300 latency values of 362.5ms (305 + 2SD 28.75) were determined for adults aged 18 to 59 years using the protocol described.