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Journal articles on the topic 'Auger tool'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Ai, R. "A Microscope-Compatible Auger Electron Spectrometer." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 992–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100089275.

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With the recent development of ultra-high vacuum high resolution electron microscopes (UHV-HREM), electron microscopes have become valuable tools for surface studies. Techniques such as surface profile image, surface sensitive plane view, and reflection electron microscopy have been developed to take full advantage of the atomic resolution of HREM to study surface structures. However a complete surface study requires information on both the surface structure and surface chemistry. Therefore in order to turn an electron microscope into a real surface analytical tool, the challenge is to develop a microscopecompatible, surface sensitive tool for in-situ surface chemical analysis.

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2

Thurgate, S. M., and C. P. Lund. "Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS) a tool for understanding auger emission from solids." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 72 (March 1995): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(94)02298-4.

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3

Setnička, Michal, Tomáš Kroupa, Alena Čtvrtečková, and René Marek. "SELECTION OF SUITABLE SAMPLING TOOL FOR RELIABLE SOIL SAMPLING NOT ONLY AFTER RADIOLOGICAL ACCIDENT." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 186, no. 2-3 (November 14, 2019): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz214.

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Abstract The objective of this research was to develop a sampling protocol for contaminated soils after a large radiological accident. One of the criteria for good sampling method is reproducibility and accuracy of large number of samples collected in short time. Members of the chemical laboratories of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic (FRS CR), which are included in Radiation Monitoring Network, tested four tools in different soil types. More than 100 samples were collected. Root auger and square soil sampler seem to be the best for reliable soil sampling. Modifications of the root auger decreased of relative error of sampling to 7.5%. The root auger is recommended as a first-choice sampling tool based on: (1) ease, (2) operator safety, (3) collection of a representative sample (4) applicability to most soil types and (5) enabling collection of depth-discrete samples.

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4

Du, Chang Long, Kui Dong Gao, Song Yong Liu, and Lin Fu. "Research on Preventing Deflection Mechanism of the Auger Mining Machine." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.625.

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Auger mining machine which is used in thin coal seam gets coal by drilling. Its drilling distance always is dozens of meters. Because of the long Drilling distance, the deflection of the drilling tool was produced by deviating force . In order to improve auger mining machine’s preventing deflection character and scope of application, the research on preventing deflection mechanism of auger mining machine combining theoretical analysis and experimental research was carried out on the basis of a simplified drilling tool structure. The studies we have performed showed that: increasing the drilling assembly bending rigidity or the drill pipe weight can prevent deflection; reducing the distance between the drilling stabilizer and drill is another method to reduce amount of deflection.

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5

Duan, Zhi Dong, Ya Ping Duan, and Pei Wu Yan. "Influencing Factors Analysis of Stability of Hole Wall of Bored Pile in Seasonal Frozen Ground in the West of China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.441.

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Collapsing and shrinkage of hole wall are two troubles to drilling of bored pile. In order to avoid such troubles, ultimate hole depth of bored pile was deduced with dry excavation technology. To hydraulic excavation technology, by the method of finite element numerical simulation and finite element strength reduction, excavation process of hole of bored pile are simulated in ADINA and ANSYS software, The influences of hole radius, hole depth, power of rotary drilling rig and pressure of auger boring tool on stability of hole wall are analyzed. The analysis indicate that the major problem of stability of hole wall of bored pile in seasonal frozen ground in the west of China is hole shrinkage. the deeper and bigger the hole are or the greater the pressure of auger boring tool is, the more serious the phenomenon of hole shrinkage is. Under other same conditions, to reduce pressure of auger boring tool less than to 35KPa, hole shrinkage can be reduced effectively.

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6

Lee, B. Q., T. Kibédi, A. E. Stuchbery, and K. A. Robertson. "Atomic Radiations in the Decay of Medical Radioisotopes: A Physics Perspective." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/651475.

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Auger electrons emitted in nuclear decay offer a unique tool to treat cancer cells at the scale of a DNA molecule. Over the last forty years many aspects of this promising research goal have been explored, however it is still not in the phase of serious clinical trials. In this paper, we review the physical processes of Auger emission in nuclear decay and present a new model being developed to evaluate the energy spectrum of Auger electrons, and hence overcome the limitations of existing computations.

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7

Neplevksy, M. O. "Modern drilling technologies used for the making bored piles under the conditions of dense urban area." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 5 (November 28, 2019): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2019-5-70-75.

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The parameters of drilling boreholes (including depth, diameter, angle of borehole inclination, cross-section) that are currently used for the making bored piles under the conditions of dense urban area, have been considered. The review about modern technologies of drilling boreholes used for making bored piles has been prepared. The updated classification of drilling technologies used for the making bored piles, which taking into account the nature of the removal of the destroyed rock and the movement of the drilling tool, the type of drilling tool, as well as the method of mounting the borehole walls, has been proposed. The classification, according to the nature of removal of the destroyed rock, distinguishes technologies providing or not providing the removal of destroyed rock. According to the nature of movement of the drilling tool, the rotary, shock and vibration technologies, as well as a static indentation technology, can be identified. According to the type of drilling tools, the classification divides methods into hollow drill stem with sacrificial drill bit and soil compactor and displacement tools with a starter auger section, augers, drilling buckets, core barrels, belling buckets, roller, impact and three-way bits, grabs. According to the methods of well casing, the technologies can be divided into the ones, allowing and not allowing the casing of well.

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8

Bai, Da Shan, Jian Fei Sun, Kai Wang, and Wu Yi Chen. "Diffusion Behavior and Wear Mechanism of WC/Co Tools when Machining of Titanium Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 279 (August 2018): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.279.60.

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In this paper, fine-grain WC/Co tools were utilized in dry turning of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The wear modes of the cutting tools at different cutting speeds were analyzed. The diffusion behavior between the cutting tool and the workpiece was studied in detail based on the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile technology. The diffusion wear mechanism was revealed. The results showed that the diffusion layer formed at the interface between the cutting tool and the adhering material. The diffusion ability of C was the strongest, followed by W, the weakest was Co in all the elements of the cutting tool. The chemical reactions took place close to the adhering material, forming the reaction layer. As a diffusion barrier, it was possible to limit the elements diffusion from the cutting tool to the adhering material, decrease the changes in the cutting tool composition and damages. The diffusion layer, which was weakened by diffusion, was worn off and taken away by the fast flowing chip during the cutting process, causing the diffusion wear characterized by a smooth crater formation on the tool surface.

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9

Nilsson-Jatko, Per-Eric, Stefan Sehistedt, and Lars Unneberg. "Auger electron spectroscopy as a tool in an industrial laboratory." Materials & Design 7, no. 1 (January 1986): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3069(86)90032-4.

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10

Popikov, Petr, and Anton Pozdnyakov. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE INTERACTION OF THE SCREW WORKING BODIES OF FOREST FIRE GROUND-THROWING MACHINES WITH THE GROUND COVER." Forestry Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.1/15.

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The paper provides an overview of research on the working processes of screw working bodies of technological machines. It is noted that at present such important issues in the theory of auger working bodies as the required number of auger turns, the required position of the auger spiral in relation to the center, etc. have not been fully resolved, since the solution of these issues can provide an increased productivity of the tool. A structural and technological scheme of a forest fire machine with multifunctional modules is proposed, which consists of auger working bodies, which can be changed modularly with a screw metal thread for a brush, depending on the area and type of soil, the rotor of the thrower, with the ability to drive the cutters-throwers and auger working bodies both from the power take-off shaft of the tractor, and using a hydraulic motor, a guide casing. A mathematical model of an auger working body with a hydraulic drive has been compiled for removing the ground cover with forest litter when extinguishing forest fires with a ground gun, so that combustible materials do not fall into the fire zone together with the soil flow from the rotor-thrower. The working process of the hydraulic drive of the auger working bodies of a forest fire ground-sweeping machine is described by a system of differential equations, including the equations of translational and rotational movements of the auger working body and the equation of the flow rate of the working fluid. The problem of optimization of kinematic and dynamic parameters of auger working bodies of forest fire ground-sweeping machine is set

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11

Sørensen, Kurt I., Flemming Effersø, Louise Pellerin, and Esben Auken. "An auger tool to estimate hydraulic conductivity using a resistivity analogy." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003, no. 2 (August 2003): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2003ab129.

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12

Sørensen, Kurt I., Flemming Effersø, Louise Pellerin, and Esben Auken. "An Auger Tool to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity using a Resistivity Analogy." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003, no. 2 (August 2003): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2003ab130.

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13

López Agüera, Angeles, and Iago Rodriguez Caboa. "The pierre auger project as a challenging tool to studying PV systems." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no. 05 (March 2007): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj05.290.

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14

Jungblut, B., and G. Sicking. "Fast Fourier transform as universal tool for processing Auger electron spectroscopy data." Journal of the Less Common Metals 142 (September 1988): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(88)90160-9.

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15

Benis, Emmanouil, Ioannis Madesis, Angelos Laoutaris, Stefanos Nanos, and Theo Zouros. "Mixed-State Ionic Beams: An Effective Tool for Collision Dynamics Investigations." Atoms 6, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms6040066.

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The use of mixed-state ionic beams in collision dynamics investigations is examined. Using high resolution Auger projectile spectroscopy involving He-like ( 1 s 2 1 S , 1 s 2 s 3 , 1 S ) mixed-state beams, the spectrum contributions of the 1 s 2 s 3 S metastable beam component is effectively separated and clearly identified. This is performed with a technique that exploits two independent spectrum measurements under the same collision conditions, but with ions having quite different metastable fractions, judiciously selected by varying the ion beam charge-stripping conditions. Details of the technique are presented together with characteristic examples. In collisions of 4 MeV B 3 + with H 2 targets, the Auger electron spectrum of the separated 1 s 2 s 3 S boron beam component allows for a detailed analysis of the formation of the 1 s 2 s ( 3 S ) n l 2 L states by direct n l transfer. In addition, the production of hollow 2 s 2 p 1 , 3 P doubly- and 2 s 2 p 2 2 D triply-excited states, by direct excitation and transfer-excitation processes, respectively, can also be independently studied. In similar mixed-state beam collisions of 15 MeV C 4 + with H 2 , He, Ne and Ar targets, the contributions of the 1 s 2 , 1 s 2 s 3 , 1 S beam components to the formation of the 2 s 2 p 3 , 1 P states by double-excitation, 1 s → 2 p excitation and transfer-loss processes can be clearly identified, facilitating comparisons with theoretical calculations.

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16

Naerheim, Yngve, Tennyson Smith, and Ming-Shong Lan. "Experimental Investigation of Cutting Fluid Interaction in Machining." Journal of Tribology 108, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261205.

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Scanning Auger analysis of fracture surfaces of chips from cutting 4340 steel bars and 4130 steel tubing using CCl4 as a model cutting fluid provide evidence that it is possible for cutting fluid or vapor to penetrate into the chip along fissures created during chip formation. Similar analysis of the rake face on the tools provide evidence of partial penetration between the tool and chip as well. The effect of the penetration is to reduce the energy required for the cutting process by facilitating the chip formation and reducing the adhesion forces between the tool and chip. The penetration can be explained by the capillary action of fissures that provide reactive surfaces and fast propagation paths for the cutting fluid and vapor.

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17

Magkoev, T. T. "Auger electron spectroscopy as a tool for measuring intramolecular charges of adsorbed molecules." Surface Science Letters 295, no. 3 (October 1993): L1043—L1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(93)91040-u.

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18

Magkoev, T. T. "Auger electron spectroscopy as a tool for measuring intramolecular charges of adsorbed molecules." Surface Science 295, no. 3 (October 1993): L1043—L1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(93)90272-l.

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19

Bredell, L. J., and J. B. Malherbe. "High dose implantation of nitrogen in tool steel: Auger electron spectroscopy and hardness measurements." Thin Solid Films 228, no. 1-2 (May 1993): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(93)90613-t.

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20

Egelhoff, William F. "X-Ray photoelectron and auger electroo forward scattering: A new tool for surface crystallography." Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences 16, no. 3 (January 1990): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408439008244629.

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21

Reniers, F., A. Hubin, H. Terryn, and J. Vereecken. "Factor analysis as a tool to deconvolute auger spectra of tungsten nitrides and carbides." Surface and Interface Analysis 21, no. 6-7 (June 1994): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210628.

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22

Lin, Sin-Shong. "Auger Electron Spectroscopic Analysis of Dispersants in Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 885–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536101.

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Abstract Auger electron spectroscopy is a versatile tool in studying the chemical constituents of dispersions in rubber. This technique combined with the SAM analyses produces two dimensional images which are useful in the elucidation of aggregations and dispersion states of the rubber additives. Especially, particle inclusions and agglomerations can be studied together with the topographic features of the complementary SED image. Additional information concerning the binding states of elastomers and additives, aggregations of excessive crosslinkages, unsaturated double bonds, and large hard segments of polymers can be imaged with the aid of chemical reactants. The success of the present AES technique depends on the proper preparation of sample surfaces. A conductive surface is an essential factor in the analyses of additive dispersions. The heating of the surface by the electron beam, as well as the alternation of the surface topology by electron specimen interactions, should also be considered in the correct interpretation of the observed images. Artifacts associated with the analysis should be carefully examined so that they might reveal information about the composition and heterogeneity.

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23

DE SOUZA, VITOR. "ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS FROM 1016 TO 1020 eV." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 09 (October 2007): 2775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307008409.

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Cosmic rays have always been an important tool to study particle interactions and astrophysics. In this article, we are going to review the main results from this field in the energy range from 1016 to 1020 eV. Important results from the KASCADE and Pierre Auger Experiments are going to be shown and discussed. Some perspectives for the near future concerning new measurements are going to be presented.

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24

Bolli, Eleonora, Saulius Kaciulis, and Alessio Mezzi. "ESCA as a Tool for Exploration of Metals’ Surface." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121182.

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The main principles and development of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) are briefly reviewed. The role of ESCA techniques (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy) in the investigation of metallic surfaces is discussed, evidencing their importance and analytical potentiality. An overview is given of a series of recent experimental cases of ESCA application for the characterization of different metals and metallic alloys, illustrating the main results and various phenomena, such as the formation of impurity defects, corrosion, migration of constituent elements in various alloys, clustering in liquid alloy, etc., that can occur on the surface and the interface of investigated materials. These materials comprise the collection coins of noble metals, some metal alloys and Ni-based superalloys, nitride coatings on stainless steel, composite material with TiAlV alloy, treated austenitic steels, and graphene interface with polycrystalline metal foils. The present review could be particularly recommended for the newcomers to the research field of surface analysis and its application for various metals, their treatments, and possible modifications in operating conditions.

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25

Madec, Lénaïc, Jean-Bernard Ledeuil, Gaël Coquil, Grégory Gachot, Laure Monconduit, and Hervé Martinez. "Cross-section Auger imaging: A suitable tool to study aging mechanism of conversion type electrodes." Journal of Power Sources 441 (November 2019): 227213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227213.

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26

Ramaker, D. E., R. A. Fry, and Y. U. Idzerda. "Angle resolved Auger electron spectroscopy: an alternate tool for identifying electronic excitation processes in solids." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 72 (March 1995): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(94)02317-4.

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27

Sonnenberg, Maria, René Gustus, Sascha Sedelmeier, Lienhard Wegewitz, Oliver Höfft, Jürgen Wieser, and Wolfgang Maus-Friedrichs. "Polymer-induced metal diffusion during plastic processing: a reason for deposit formation." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0324.

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Abstract In the plastic-processing industry, the formation of unknown deposits at the interface between polymer melt and steel surfaces can pose major challenges, which occurs especially on screws, barrels, and tools. These deposits will detach during production and lead to quality restrictions mostly as spots in the products. We investigated the interactions between tool steel and polymer melt, especially polycarbonate, in the early stages of deposit formation. Steel-polymer-composite samples are prepared close to the realistic conditions in the plastic-processing industry. To get further insight, thin polymer films on tool steel specimens and its alloy elements, representing model systems, are prepared. X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) are used to characterize the interfaces chemically. Additionally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. We found iron and chromium diffusion into the polycarbonate melt induced by polymer metal interaction. Iron and polymer chains are immobilized at the interface by a chemical interaction, while chromium does not chemically interact with the polymer melt. Basing on these results, we propose a mechanism for deposit formation in plastic-processing machines and tools.

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28

Sidashov, A. V., A. T. Kozakov, and S. I. Yaresko. "Auger and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Tribocontact Surface after Laser Modification." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.298.

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The samples of the tool steel P6M5 were modified by means of laser irradiation (hereinafter - LO). The chemical composition of the sample surface before and after the LO was studied using the Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (hereinafter - AES and XPS respectively). It was found that while the steel is exposed to LO, the thick oxide layer consisting mainly of the Fe2O3 oxide is formed. It was established that the modification with LO leads to increasing of wear resistance and durability of the R6M5 steel because of a double reduction of the friction coefficient.

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29

Goldsztejn, Gildas, Tatiana Marchenko, Denis Céolin, Loïc Journel, Renaud Guillemin, Jean-Pascal Rueff, Rajesh K. Kushawaha, Ralph Püttner, Maria Novella Piancastelli, and Marc Simon. "Electronic state-lifetime interference in resonant Auger spectra: a tool to disentangle overlapping core-excited states." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 22 (2016): 15133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp01998f.

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30

Chaikovskii, �. G., Yu G. Gorbachev, and A. B. Shapirshtein. "Selection of the design parameters of a cylindrical auger-milling cutter tool of a hydraulic miner." Journal of Mining Science 28, no. 3 (1992): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00732772.

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31

Korotkov, V. S., and S. V. Razumov. "Electric Drill Drive with Intermediate Rolling Members Reducer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.24.

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The article considers briefly the hand power tool market in Russia. The authors set the parameters of a wave gear electric drill with intermediate rolling solids. Its field of application is also described. The design is developed on the basis of a commutator motor with a useful capacity 1,0 kW. The rotation speed of the motor armature is 15000 rpm. The rational rotation frequency of an auger working body is 200...300rpm. It is necessary to create a gear with a ratio 59 and with parameters comparable to the size of a hand-held machine engine in order to have esthetics. In this case, the diameter of rolling elements should lie in the range 2 to 3 mm. The authors made a research on hand-held electric drill runnability with such characteristics. They presented dependency diagrams of an auger working body critical rotation frequency from a lead angle while drilling different types of soil. They determined important power and geometrical criteria to design a gearbox. The calculation results are presented in tables.

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32

Hayashi, Masaki, and William L. Quinton. "A constant-head well permeameter method for measuring field-saturated hydraulic conductivity above an impermeable layer." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-064.

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Hydrologic understanding of mountainous and northern regions of Canada is poor owing to the lack of critical field data such as hydraulic conductivity. A portable field instrument, the Guelph permeameter (GP), is a promising tool for measuring field-saturated hydraulic conductivity in remote watersheds inaccessible by motorized vehicles. In order to extend the applicability of the GP method to relatively thin soils underlain by impermeable bedrock or permafrost, a new set of shape factors was determined by numerical simulation. The new shape factors gave accurate values of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity when tested in the laboratory. The impermeable layer causes flow around the auger hole to be primarily horizontal. Therefore, the GP method measures a predominantly horizontal field-saturated hydraulic conductivity in these thin soils. The measured conductivity represents a weighted average of the soil surrounding the submerged surface of the auger hole. In layered soil, the weight is greater for the layers close to the bottom of the hole than for those close to the top. Key words: Guelph permeameter, hydraulic conductivity, forest hydrology, permafrost, peat

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33

Clay, R. W., B. R. Dawson, L. Kewley, and M. Johnston-Hollitt. "Two-point Angular Autocorrelation Function and the Origin of the Highest-energy Cosmic Rays." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 17, no. 3 (2000): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as00038.

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AbstractConstruction of the Pierre Auger Observatory for the study of the highest-energy cosmic rays is about to begin. Prior to the availability of data from that experiment, decisions should be made on techniques for the analysis of the directional properties of those data. We examine here one possible analysis tool, the two-point angular autocorrelation function. As a concrete example, data from the SUGAR array are examined in this way. Possible clustering of the data is observed, and the identification of such clustering with candidate astronomical objects in a purpose-developed catalogue is investigated.

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34

Fu, Lin, Kai Wang, Bo Hu, and Nguyen van Xo. "Conveying performance of drilling tool of auger miner at different strike angles based on discrete element method." Powder Technology 378 (January 2021): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.07.069.

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35

Bulloch, J. H., and R. K. Wilde. "Auger Electron Microscopy, AES, a Powerful Tool in the Non-Destructive Identification of Service Embrittled Turbine Bolts." Key Engineering Materials 99-100 (March 1995): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.99-100.169.

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36

Harte, Philip T., and Sarah M. Flanagan. "Application of a New Vertical Profiling Tool (ESASS) for Sampling Groundwater Quality During Hollow-Stem Auger Drilling." Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation 31, no. 1 (January 18, 2011): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01326.x.

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37

Mantovani, José Ricardo, José Antônio Lima, Ciro Pozzi Garcia, and Tiago Teruel Rezende. "SITES AND SAMPLING TOOLS IN THE SOIL FERTILITY EVALUATION OF COFFEE PLANTS IN PRODUCTION." Coffee Science 14, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i3.1602.

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In soil sampling, the collection site and the tool used may induce errors that can compromise the results of the chemical analysis and, consequently, the definition of corrective and fertilizer doses. The objective in this study was to evaluate soil sampling sites and tools in a coffee growing area. The experiment was carried out in a field in the municipality of Alfenas-MG, in a 35-year coffee field. A randomized block design was used in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme and 4 replications, totaling 60 experimental units. The treatments consisted of 3 sampling sites: in the fertilizer strip (located in the projection of the plant canopy); between rows; and in the total area, with 1/3 of the samples collected under the canopy and close to the plant stem, 1/3 in the canopy projection and 1/3 collected between rows; and 5 sampling tools: Dutch auger; screw auger; probe; hoe and drill. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 0.2 m, and each composite sample was obtained by assembling and mixing 20 single samples. At each sampling point, an area of 2m<sup>2</sup> was delimited, in which simple samples were collected in all the evaluated places and with all the tools used. The following parameters were determined in the soil samples: pH in CaCl2; potential acidity (H+Al); organic matter; P, extracted by Mehlich; K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and base saturation. In a coffee-growing area, he fertilizer strip (canopy projection) has topsoil with higher acidity and lower contents of organic matter and nutrients P, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> than between rows. The tools used for soil sampling do not influence the results of soil chemical analysis in the coffee-growing area.

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38

Alonso Pinillos, Unai, Severo Raúl Fernández Vidal, Madalina Calamaz, and Franck Andrés Girot Mata. "Wear Mechanisms and Wear Model of Carbide Tools during Dry Drilling of CFRP/TiAl6V4 Stacks." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182843.

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The present contribution on tool wear during the drilling of carbon fiber composite materials (CFRP)/Ti stacks intends to determine (i) if the adhesion of titanium to carbide is mechanical or chemical, (ii) the possible diffusion path, (iii) if the titanium is the only element involved in the adhesion and (iv) the role of the CFRP in this wear. The overall tool wear is not the sum of the wear in each material and there is a multiplicative effect between them. It has been pointed out that the maximum temperature reached during drilling is higher than 180 °C, 400 °C and 750 °C respectively in the CFRP and Ti plates alone and in the Ti part of the stack. As tungsten carbide CW is not in equilibrium with titanium above 250 °C, the diffusion path is CW/(Ti,W)C/Ti as confirmed by Auger analysis. For temperatures above 500 °C, (Ti,W)C becomes very sensitive to oxidation allowing a friable oxycarbide (Ti,C,O) to form, which explains the erosion of the tool. The CW is therefore the weakest link in the drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks. Improving the performance of the tool involves the use of a coating, the development of a tool material having low chemical affinity with Ti and/or the use of cryogenic lubricant.

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Comelli, G., V. R. Dhanak, G. Paolucci, and R. Rosei. "Auger lineshape analysis as a tool to study surface reactions: kinetics of the dissociation of NO on Rh(110)." Surface Science 260, no. 1-3 (January 1992): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(92)90011-t.

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Landree, E., C. Collazo-Davila, D. Grozea, R. Plass, G. Jayaram, L. D. Marks, and P. C. Stair. "Surface chemical sensitivity combined with high-resolution EM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139275.

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Although high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) has proved to be an invaluable tool in the study of surfaces, one critical drawback is its inability to obtain specific surface chemical state information. The ideal investigation would combine the imaging capabilities of HREM with the surface chemical information obtainable from X-ray Photon Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) without exposing the sample surface to possible contaminants. We have taken a step in this regard with the addition of a new Specimen Preparation Evaluation and Analysis for Research (SPEAR) side chamber to the existing Hitachi UHV-9000 microscope, designed by Superior Vacuum Technology (Figure 1). Currently we are able to combine all of the imaging tools of HREM with surface chemical sensitivity, in an attempt to achieve the ideal surface analysis instrument.Samples are introduced and retrieved from the system through a load-lock mechanism. Pumped by a 210 Liter/sec Balzers’ Turbomolecular pump, this introduction chamber is capable of going from atmospheric pressure to 10-10 torr in four to eight hours.

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Ameti, Perparim, and Besim Ajvazi. "GIS IN SOIL SURVEY AND SOIL MAPPING." Geodesy and cartography 47, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2021.12116.

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The main goal of this paper is to present a methodology for land evaluation by supporting decision-makers with reliable information for the land-use planning process. One of the focuses of this paper is given to the survey process and interpretation between soil survey, soil survey interpretation, and physical land evaluation. Such processes are realized using mobile mapping tools with integrated Global Position Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Both have increased the efficiency of data communication technologies by enabling real-time communication between people located in the field and office as well. For the soil classification as a key component of soil surveys is used World Reference Base (WRB) for Soil Resources. This is a common tool to summarize the wealth of information from soil profiles for the purpose of land evaluation. The final results showed a soil classification map. Such results are derived from many activities, since it includes a preliminary land evaluation, field soil survey with auger holes and profiles as well. This methodology is used for the first time in the selected study area.

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Saketi, Sara, Ulf Bexell, Jonas Östby, and Mikael Olsson. "Wear Behaviour of Two Different Cemented Carbide Grades in Turning 316 L Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2367.

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Cemented carbides are the most common cutting tools for machining various grades of steels. In this study, wear behavior of two different cemented carbide grades with roughly the same fraction of binder phase and carbide phase but different grain size, in turning austenitic stainless steel is investigated. Wear tests were carried out against 316L stainless steel at 180 and 250 m/min cutting speeds.The worn surface of cutting tool is characterized using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and 3D optical profiler.The wear of cemented carbide in turning stainless steel is controlled by both chemical and mechanical wear. Plastic deformation, grain fracture and chemical wear is observed on flank and rake face of the cutting insert. In the case of fine-grained, the WC grains has higher surface contact with the adhered material which promotes higher chemical reaction and degradation of WC grains, so chemical wear resistance of the composites is larger when WC grains are larger. The hardness of cemented carbide increase linearly by decreasing grain size, therefore mechanical wear resistance of the composites is larger when WC grains are smaller.

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Gavioli, L., and M. Sancrotti. "Carbon-Based and Other Nanostructures Obtained via Cluster-Assembling: A View Combining Electron Spectroscopies and Nanospectroscopies." Advances in Science and Technology 51 (October 2006): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.51.81.

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This work will provide an overview of recent experiments devoted to study the nature and properties of materials obtained in situ via cluster-assembling, by using supersonic cluster beam deposition. This technique has proved to be a powerful tool for assembling nanostructured materials with tailored physical properties, in particular for: 1) carbon-based clusters deposited in situ on appropriate substrates in Ultra High Vacuum compatible conditions; 2) a micro-structured pattern based on pristine carbon-based dots and then promoted to the formation of SiC via in situ thermal annealing; 3) thermo-chemically doped nanostructured TiO2, revealing the possibility to control the band gap of this material. The electronic structure of the systems has been studied combining a wide variety of experimental methods, including valence-band and core-level photoemission, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, Scanning Auger Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy.

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Sergeev, Andrei, Sunny Karnani, and C. Mike Waits. "Modeling TPV Devices Based on Exact Analytical Solution of the Generalized Shockley – Queisser Model." MRS Advances 4, no. 16 (December 27, 2018): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.659.

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Exact solution of the generalized Shockley – Queisser model provides simple and effective tool for modeling of photovoltaic (PV) and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices with advanced photonic management. This formalism takes into account spectral characteristics of absorption/emission and a variety of recombination processes in semiconductor cell. In the current work we generalize this formalism to devices with non-ideal light reflectors used for light recycling and trapping. As an example, we investigate effects of the light management in InGaAsSb TPV converters (0.53 eV bandgap) with back surface reflector and with an additional front surface scattering layer, which provides Lambertian trapping of photons. We calculate the output power (efficiency) and investigate tradeoff between photon absorption and Auger recombination processes as a function of the device thickness. Finally, we compare performance of these TPV devices with the performance of traditional devices.

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Sinclair, Robert. "In situ heating studies at high resolution." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 656–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087598.

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It is well-known that interfaces in solids have a crucial influence on the properties of materials. The structures of such interfaces are a direct consequence of their means of formation, be it by deposition, reaction, interdiffusion or epitaxial growth. Even subtle changes during processing or service can alter the anticipated behavior. High resolution electron microscopy (HREM) has become an invaluable, and virtually routine, characterization tool in understanding the influence of structure on properties. Its strength lies in the ability to derive direct structural information at the atomic level, not only about topography but also about interfacial defects such as dislocations or ledges, contamination residue, intermediate phases etc. It complements well the broad-beam spectroscopic characterization methods such as Auger, ECSA, SIMS and RBS, which do not provide structural information and can be ambiguous to interpret.

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Vitrukh, P. I. "Interaction of the bar-plate conveyor of the machine with mineral fertilizers." https://journal.imesg.gov.ua, no. 11(110) (2020): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2020-11-5.

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Annotation Purpose. Determining the impact and interaction of the bar-plate conveyor with the mass of fertilizers to justify the choice of its parameters and mode of operation, ensuring the stability of the process. Methods. Theoretical calculations, their analysis. Results. The structural scheme of the process of mineral fertilizers leakage by bar-plate conveyor through the unloading window is substantiated. The effectiveness of fertilizers largely depends on the correct combination of methods of their introduction into the soil. There are two ways to use fertilizers: continuous surface sifting and internal soil application. Depending on the terms and norms perform basic and pre-sowing application, as well as fertilization [1]. Centrifugal mineral fertilizer spreaders, which use disks with the possibility of making the working mixture on the surface at an angle to the horizon have become widespread. This is due primarily to the versatility of the tool, in which due to the reorientation of the disk you can get high quality fertilizers and achieve high widths of spread. Conclusions. The results of the kinematic analysis showed that the theoretically possible uneven distribution of mineral fertilizers can reach 34–60%, in fact it is less due to the elasticity and shedding of fertilizers. To reduce the uneven distribution in the design of the machine, we have provided an intermediate hopper with an inclined auger, due to which we were able to significantly reduce the intermittent supply of mass by the conveyor. Secondly, due to the auger, we have achieved the versatility of the machine: after removing the centrifugal working body, the machine can be used for other work. Keywords: mineral fertilizers, bar-plate conveyor, spreading and local fertilization.

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Saketi, Sara, Jonas Östby, Ulf Bexell, and Mikael Olsson. "A Methodology to Systematically Investigate the Diffusion Degradation of Cemented Carbide during Machining of a Titanium Alloy." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2019): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142271.

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Using Ti6Al4V as a work material, a methodology to systematically investigate the diffusion degradation of cemented carbide during machining is proposed. The methodology includes surface characterization of as-tested worn inserts, wet etched worn inserts, metallographic cross-sectioned worn inserts as well as the back-side of the produced chips. Characterization techniques used include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). The results show that the characterization of wet etched worn inserts gives quick and useful information regarding the diffusion degradation of cemented carbide, in the present work the formation of a fine crystalline W layer (carbon depleted WC layer) at the tool-work material interface. The present study also illuminates the potential of AES analysis when it comes to analyzing the degradation of cemented carbide in contact with the work material during machining. The high surface sensitivity in combination with high lateral resolution makes it possible to analyze the worn cemented carbide surface on a sub-µm level. Especially AES sputter depth profiling, resulting in detailed information of variations in chemical composition across interfaces, is a powerful tool when it comes to understanding diffusion wear. Finally, the present work illustrates the importance of analyzing not only the worn tool but also the produced chips. An accurate characterization of the back-side of the chips will give important information regarding the wear mechanisms taking place at the tool rake face–chip interface. Surface analysis techniques such as AES and ToF-SIMS are well suited for this type of surface characterization.

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Smekal, Werner, Wolfgang S. M. Werner, and Cedric J. Powell. "Simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis (SESSA): a novel software tool for quantitative Auger-electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy." Surface and Interface Analysis 37, no. 11 (2005): 1059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.2097.

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Godbole, V. P., and J. Narayan. "Aluminum nitride buffer layer for diamond film growth." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 7 (July 1996): 1810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0228.

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The role of aluminum nitride (AlN) as a buffer layer on the nucleation and growth of diamond on silicon and steel substrates during hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) has been investigated systematically. The scanning Auger electron microscopy (AES) is employed to study chemistry and content of carbon on the surface and in subsurface regions of AlN as a function of HF-CVD parameters. It is found that AlN offers an excellent diffusion barrier for carbon over a wide range of temperature and hydrocarbon content of CVD gas environment, with simultaneous inhibition of graphitization. It also facilitates nucleation of diamond phase. The surface reactions between AlN and carbon are discussed in terms of hydrogen-assisted phase transformations. We have developed a two-step procedure to obtain a continuous diamond film on steel substrates. The characteristic features of AlN have been exploited to obtain adherent and graphite-free diamond deposits on various types of steels, including low carbon steel, tool steel, high speed steel, and bearing steel.

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Prenitzer, B. I., C. A. Urbanik-Shannon, L. A. Giannuzzi, S. R. Brown, R. B. Irwin, T. L. Shofner, and F. A. Stevie. "The Correlation between Ion Beam/Material Interactions and Practical FIB Specimen Preparation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 9, no. 3 (May 23, 2003): 216–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927603030034.

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The focused ion beam (FIB) tool has been successfully used as both a stand alone analytical instrument and a means to prepare specimens for subsequent analysis by SEM, TEM, SIMS, XPS, and AUGER. In this work, special emphasis is given to TEM specimen preparation by the FIB lift-out technique. The fundamental ion/solid interactions that govern the FIB milling process are examined and discussed with respect to the preparation of electron transparent membranes. TRIM, a Monte Carlo simulation code, is used to physically model variables that influence FIB sputtering behavior. The results of such computer generated models are compared with empirical observations in a number of materials processed with an FEI 611 FIB workstation. The roles of incident ion attack angle, beam current, trench geometry, raster pattern, and target-material-dependent removal rates are considered. These interrelationships are used to explain observed phenomena and predict expected milling behaviors, thus increasing the potential for the FIB to be used more efficiently with reproducible results.

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