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Academic literature on the topic 'Austénite résiduelle'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Austénite résiduelle"
Kammouni, Abdelkhalek. "Etude de la précipitation, de la microstructure et de leurs influences sur le taux et la stabilité de l'austénite résiduelle dans des aciers TRIP." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30061.
Full textTRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) steels offer very interesting formability properties that render them ideal for working thin sheet metal intended for the automobile industry. Under deformation, the residual austenite (volume fraction- 5 to 15%) transforms to martensite, thus giving a remarkable ductility and, as a final product, an harder steel. Nevertheless, for certain applications, it is desirable to furthur increase the strength of these steels by adding one or several dispersoM elements, such as titanium, that hardens the soft matrix (ferrite) by a fine precipitation. The objective of this thesis work is to better understand the effect of precipitation (consumption of carbon) and microstructure (distribution of carbon) on the rate and the stability of the residual austenite in five different TRIP steels. The principal tools are the transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM & SEM) and associated techniques. For TEM sample preparation, the "Focused Ion Beam" (FIB) proved to be the most adapted technique for localising the residual austenite. We showed that even if the titanium-based precipitation participated in a considerable way to the increase of the mechanical resistance, it did not have any direct effect on the rate and the stability of the residual austenite. In fact, the stability of this latter is narrowly linked to the nature of the phases formed upon entering into the bainite domain. Finally, a microstructure/properties correlation showed that the mechanical response of the residual austenite is the most important factor determining the yield strength and aptitude to formability. Indeed, for an identical precipitation state and an equivelant baimtic and microstmctural morphology, but a residual austenite with two different carbon contents, yield strength can vary by a few hundreds of MPa
Boussaid, Djafar. "Stabilisation de l'austénite résiduelle d'un acier TRIP à 0. 2C 1. 5Mn 1. 5Si : et analyse de la texture et du gradient de texture." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Boussaid.Djafar.SMZ9954.pdf.
Full textHell, Jean-Christophe. "Aciers bainitiques sans carbure : caractérisations microstructurale multi-échelle et in situ de la transformation austénite-bainite et relations entre microstructure et comportement mécanique." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ031S/document.
Full textCarbide-free bainitic steels are part of the 3rd generation of advanced high strength steels, which exhibit high yield strength and an excellent compromise between tensile strength and ductility. These ground – breaking properties are achieved thanks to the characteristics of their microstructure which is constituted of different phases (bainite, austenite and martensite) organized in a specific way (typical bainitic colonies and residual islands). However, relationships between microstructural features and mechanical properties are yet to be thoroughly established. In the frame of this PhD, we investigated these relationships in carbide-free bainitic steels elaborated by an austempering process. Various means of characterization were used in situ and post mortem to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively microstructures elaborated by the decomposition of the austenite in isothermal conditions. The influence of the austempering temperature and the carbon content on the microstructures has been highlighted. Moreover, austempering under Ms allowed elaborating a microstructure constituted of tempered martensite, bainitic ferrite and residual austenite. Tensile and shear tests were performed in order to evaluate their mechanical properties and to estimate the kinematical and isotropic contributions of the workhardening. Results were analyzed in the light of the microstructural characterizations and the effects of some microstructural features have been highlighted. The mechanical behavior of the bainite elaborated under Ms was estimated by a micromechanical approach based on a law of mixtures between the tempered martensite and the compound made of bainitic ferrite and residual austenite
Briki, Jalel. "Rôle exercé par une addition de manganèse sur le comportement structural des fontes à graphite sphéroïdal." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112298.
Full textThe influence of manganese on the structural behaviour of spheroidal graphite cast iron was investigated in samples containing, 26 to 2. 15 wt % Mn. In the as-cast state, increasing the amount of manganese assists the development of a perlitic structure. On heating the behaviour of the material enriched in Mn, is similar to that of the unalloyed cast iron; nevertheless, kinetics of graphitization is considerably reduced. Transformation diagrams on continuous cooling (CCT) drawn from 930°C are shifted towards longer long-term as the percentage of manganese exceeds 1. 5 wt % this leads to a better quenchability (Vc > 5°/s). During isothermal treatments, austenite enriched in Mn (> 1. 5 wt %). May transform to a cementite with substitutional elements (Mn and/or Si). The isothermal transformation diagrams (TTT) are also shifted towards longer time as Mn content more and more important. When tempering the structure previously quenched down to ambient (and with Mn > 1. 5 wt %), the residual austenite ϒR transforms in two steps: rejection of carbon in excess in a (Mn + Si) substituted cementite with correlative impoverishment of the austenitic phase, this later ϒa phase being decomposed into (α+ carbide)during the second stade
Yahia, Mohamed Salah. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de l'azote dans les traitements thermochimiques de surface des aciers en phase austénitique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_YAHIA_M_S.pdf.
Full textArlazarov, Artem. "Évolution des microstructures et lien avec les propriétés mécaniques dans les aciers 'Médium Mn'." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0086/document.
Full textDuring the intercritical annealing of fully martensitic Medium Mn steel, containing from 4 to 12 wt.% Mn, the formation of austenite happens through the so-called “Austenite Reverted Transformation” (ART) mechanism. In this PhD work, the evolution of both microstructure and tensile properties was studied as a function of holding time in the intercritical domain. The microstructure evolution was studied using a double experimental and modeling approach. The final microstructure contained phases of different natures (ferrite (annealed martensite), retained austenite and fresh martensite) and of different morphologies (lath-like and polygonal). A particular attention was paid to the kinetics of austenite formation in connection with cementite dissolution and to the morphology of the phases. A mechanism was proposed to describe the formation of such microstructure. The critical factors controlling thermal austenite stability, including both chemical and size effects, were determined and discussed, based on the analysis of the retained austenite time-evolution. At last, tensile properties of the steel were measured as a function of holding time and the relation between microstructure and mechanical behavior was analyzed. Advanced analysis of the individual behavior of the three major constituents was performed. As a final output of this work, a complete model for predicting the true-stress versus true-strain curves of medium Mn steels was proposed
Godin, Hélène. "Effet de la microstructure sur la transition ductile-fragile d'aciers inoxydables martensitiques emboutissables à chaud." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM036.
Full textHot stamping steels are widely used for lightweight automotive structural parts, because of their excellent combination of formability, strength and ductility. New hot stamping martensitic stainless steel grades have been developed for this application. Among key properties required for automotive structural parts, impact toughness is a useful indicator of crash worthiness. However, the link between microstructure and the brittle fracture resistance of these steels had still to be established. The present work examined the effect of the chemical composition (niobium addition), austenitization heat treatment, and cooling conditions after hot stamping, on the microstructure and impact toughness of these steels. In order to do this, a detailed analysis of the microstructures obtained after various heat treatments was done. The microstructures are complex, with more or less auto-tempered martensitic laths, untransformed ferrite, retained austenite, and fine alloy carbides. The ductile-to-brittle transition behavior was characterized using Charpy tests over a large temperature range. The critical cleavage fracture stress was determined to be around 2400 MPa whatever the microstructure, by applying the local approach to fracture. The main effect of niobium was torefine the grain size, resulting in a strong improvement of the ductile-to-brittle transition behavior by increasing the resistance to cleavage crack propagation. Moreover, the heat treatment impacts the retained austenite fraction and thus modifies incipient plasticity and the strain necessary to reach locally the criticalstress required to trigger cleavage fracture. In this way, retained austenite plays a determining role to decrease the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature
He, Huan. "Nitruration ionique assistée plasma de l'inconel 690 : étude comparative des couches diffusées et des films minces obtenus par pulvérisation magnetron réactive." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL019N.
Full textL'inconel 690 est un alliage à base Nickel avec un potentiel d'application industriel important. En dépit de son excellente résistance à la corrosion et de ses bonnes performances à haute température, ce matériau n'offre pas une bonne résistance à l'usure. Ce travail présente une investigation sur la nitruration assistée par plasma (NAP) à basse température de ce matériau. Une revue des progrès récents en NAP est présentée dans le premier chapitre. Le dispositif expérimental et les techniques de caractérisation de surface utilisées sont présentés dans le deuxième chapitre. La NAP de l'Inconel 690 est présentée dans les chapitres suivants (3-5). La diffraction des rayons X, la microscopie électronique à balayage et à transmission, ainsi que la spectrométrie de masse des neutres pulvérisés ont été utilisées pour caractériser les échantillons nitrurés. Il est montré que l'épaisseur des couches nitrurées dépend de l'orientation des grains. La diffraction des électrons rétro diffusés (EBSD) a été utilisée pour établir une relation linéaire entre l'épaisseur locale de la couche nitrurée est l'angle minimum entre les directions cristallines <100> et la direction de diffusion. Le chapitre 4 présente un modèle basé sur une diffusion anisotrope induite par les contraintes résiduelles. La résistance à la corrosion des couches nitrurées est présentée dans le chapitre 5. Le chapitre 6 présente une comparaison entre les solutions solides c. F. C. Sursaturées métastables γN obtenues par NAP et par pulvérisation réactive magnétron de l'Inconel 690 dans des mélanges Ar-N2
Van, Wijk Song. "Grenaillage de précontrainte d'un acier 27MnCr5 carbonitruré pour engrenages." Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0023.
Full textWith the constant pressure to increase the power of automobile engines, the gearbox re-quires to transmit higher and higher torque while retaining an excellent resistance to fatigue. At Renault, carbonitriding followed by shot peening is used to enhance gears performance. The objective of this study is to analyse the influence of the process on the final mechanical properties of 27MnCr5 steel and to contribute to the development of new methods to measure residual stress. The effect of the process on residual stresses is studied through X-ray diffraction. An analytical model, using the eigenstrains theory, is pro-posed to separate quantitatively the stresses due to plasticity and to phase transformation from austenite to martensite. The measured hardness is separated into 3 contributions: residual stresses, multiphase structure and martensite structural changes. In parallel, the incremental groove machining method coupled with the electronic laser speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) was developed to measure residual stresses gradients in carbonitrided and shot peened 27MnCr5 steel. Different sources of potential errors are studied through Finite Elements simulations of the measurement process. Finally, a simplified method is proposed to per-form quality control directly on the production workshop
Mathevon, Alexandre. "Characterization and modelling of microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties during the thermal treatments of Dual-Phase steels." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI120.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to contribute to the development and understanding of the physical phenomena driving the microstructural evolutions and the mechanical properties of Dual-Phase steels. In a concern of use on industrial production lines, the development of physics-based mean-field numerical tools was retained, usable for a wide range of chemical composition and thermal cycle parameters. A calibration of the models on ternary steels from laboratory castings was carried out before their validation on two industrial grades. A model for predicting recrystallization kinetics (MiReX) was developed based on the chemical composition, the reduction ratio by cold rolling and their predicted precipitation state using a coupling with a software for predicting precipitation kinetics (Preciso). A model for the phase transformation between ferrite and austenite, based on the minimization of the global system energy (GEM), has been proposed for isothermal and anisothermal treatments. It reproduces the kinetics of austenite formation on an industrial thermal cycle including a heating ramp and holding for quaternary systems taking into account the dissolution of the cementite. A model for predicting the temperature of the beginning of martensitic transformation has also been developed for two-phase steels, taking into account austenitic grain size and carbon and manganese enrichment at the interface. Finally, a new interaction law based on observations during an ex-situ tensile test has allowed the improvement of a prediction model of the mechanical properties of DP steels. A consideration of the tempering step of martensite on the mechanical properties of DP steels has been proposed after the analysis of metallurgical mechanisms involved in tempering bythermoelectric power and hardness measurements