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Journal articles on the topic 'Austenitizing temperature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Landgraf, Pierre, Peter Birnbaum, Enrique Meza-García, Thomas Grund, Verena Kräusel, and Thomas Lampke. "Jominy End Quench Test of Martensitic Stainless Steel X30Cr13." Metals 11, no. 7 (2021): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071071.

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In this study, the influence of thermal treatments on the properties of the martensitic stainless steel X30Cr13 (EN 10088-3: 1.4028) were investigated. These steels are characterized by a high hardness as well as corrosion resistance and can be specifically adjusted by heat treatment. In particular, the austenitizing temperature ϑA and cooling rate T˙ affect the hardness and corrosion properties of martensitic stainless steels. In order to investigate these influences, the Jominy end quench tests were performed at varying austenitizing temperatures. The aim is to determine the hardness and cor

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2

Zhang, Xiao Dong, Dian Xiu Xia, and Shou Ren Wang. "Effect of Austenitizing Temperature on the Quenching Microstructure and Properties of 51CrV4." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.357.

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The effect of austenitizing temperature on the quenching microstructure and properties of 51CrV4 steel was studied. The results show that with the increase of austenitizing temperature, the austenite grains grow gradually. After quenching, the hardness increased first and then decreased, and the strength increased first and then decreased after tempering at 460°C. When the austenitizing temperature was 880°C, the austenite grains were fine and uniform, about 16μm, the martensite structure was dense, the strength and hardness reached maximum. When the austenitizing temperature was 910°C, the de

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3

Pan, Yongliang, Tounan Jin, Naibo Yuan, Tiejun Ma, and Hanguang Fu. "Effect of austenitizing temperature on microstructure and properties of a high-speed cobalt steel." Materials Testing 64, no. 8 (2022): 1122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2187.

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Abstract The effect of different austenitizing temperatures on the type, morphology, distribution of carbides and martensite content in cobalt high-speed steel is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results show that the eutectic MC carbides hardly dissolve during austenitizing process, and the lamellar M2C carbides decompose into MC and M6C carbides at 1100 °C. A large amount of M23C6 carbides uniformly distributed on the matrix are dissolved into austenite at 1100 °C. With the increase of a

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4

Field, Daniel M., Stephen R. Cluff, Krista R. Limmer, Jonathan S. Montgomery, Daniel J. Magagnosc, and Kyu C. Cho. "Heat Treatment and Austenitization Temperature Effect on Microstructure and Impact Toughness of an Ultra-High Strength Steel." Metals 11, no. 5 (2021): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050723.

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Heat treatment parameters were varied to determine the effect of normalizing and austenitizing temperature on the properties of an ultra-high strength wrought steel. Normalizing temperature did not have a significant effect on strength and ductility. Higher normalizing temperatures led to an increase in final prior austenite grain size and a slight loss in toughness. Austenitizing temperature of 825 °C was insufficient to produce a fully austenitic structure prior to quenching and led to sub-par impact behavior. The best properties were obtained after austenitizing at 915 °C followed by water

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5

Jiang, Chang Hong, Di Tang, Ai Min Zhao, Yan Zhang, and Cong Zhang. "Effect of Austenizing Temperature and Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cr12MoVNbRE Steel." Materials Science Forum 788 (April 2014): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.788.372.

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A new-type of Cr12MoVNbRE die steel was designed and investigated. The phase transition temperature was measured by dilatometer. Effects of austenizing temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cr12MoVNbRE die steel were studied. The results show that the hardness decreases with the increasing austenitizing time. As for the austenitizing temperature, it increases firstly, and then decreases when the austenitizing temperature increases. The most suitable austenitizing temperature and time are 1010 °C and 20 min respectively. The high hardness of the Cr12MoVNbRE

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6

Pan, Mei Ci, Xiao Lie Liu, Rong Zou, Jie Huang, and Jia Cai Han. "Study of Heat Treatment Technology on Medium-Carbon-Low-Alloy-Steel Large Hammer Formation of Gradient Performance." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1288.

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In view of the requirements of the heat treatment on low alloy steel large hammer head formation of gradient performance, mainly study the effect of austenitizing temperature on the alloy mechanical properties and organizational . The results show that: austenitizing temperatures have little effection on the experimental alloys hardness but have great effection on toughness. At the austenitizing temperature 820°C, the experimental alloy obtained the high hardness and low toughness by quenching, and obtained high toughness and low hardness by normalizing; The quenched microstructure of the expe

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7

Szykowny, T., Ł. Romanowski, and T. Giętka. "Eutectoid Reaction Ar1 of Cast Iron GJS-400-15 in Isothermal Conditions." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 3 (2014): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0069.

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Abstract This scientific paper presents the research on influence of austenitizing temperature on kinetics and evolution of the spheroidal plain cast iron during eutectoid reaction in isothermal conditions. The cast iron has been austenitized in temperatures of 900, 960 or 1020°C. There were two temperature values of isothermal holding taken into consideration: 760 or 820°C. The order of creation of reaction products and their morphology have been analyzed. The particular attention has been paid to the initial stage of transformation. The qualitative research has been executed using the transm

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8

Hendryanto, Refdinal Latif, Refaldy Yusuf Hendryanto, and Amir Arifin. "Optimization of Hardness Improvement of Bucket Wheel Excavator (BWE) Trackplate Bushing Material Based on the Taguchi Method." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Industri 22, no. 1 (2024): 36. https://doi.org/10.24014/sitekin.v22i1.33221.

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trackplate’s bushing material made of AISI 4340 steel through heat treatment designed using the Taguchi method. The heat treatment process includes several key parameters, namely austenitizing temperature, austenitizing time, quenching media, and tempering time, which are systematically evaluated to maximize the increase in material hardness. The experimental design employs the Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array to determine the optimal combination of parameters from four factors and three levels of variables, including austenitizing temperatures of 870°C, 900°C, and 925°C; austenitizi

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9

Li, Lun You, Yu Liang, Ze Min Wei, and Hu Xiong. "Study on the Microstructure Control and the Variation of Mechanical Properties of Pearlitic Steel." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.173.

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The effect of austenitizing temperatures and isothermal transformation temperatures on microstructure size and mechanical properties of 70 steel was studied. The experimental results show that the grain size increases with the increasing of austenitizing temperature. And the tensile strength increased with isothermal temperature decreasing. The grain size has a great influence on tensile strength. The strength increase of the samples with fine grain is greater than the samples with coarse grain. With the decreasing of isothermal temperature, the pearlite colony size and interlamellar spacing d

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10

Tian, Lei, Sheng Li Li, Ji Zhi Liu, and Xiang Hai Zhang. "Effect of Austenitizing Processes on Isothermal Quenching Microstructure in Bearing Steel." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.276.

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Austempering was applied to bearing steel to improve the performance. The effect of austenitizing temperature and time on isothermal quenching microstructure in bearing steel was investigated via microstructure observation and fracture analysis. The results show that with the increase of austenitizing temperature, the size of bainite plate and residual austenite content increase. Austenitizing at lower temperature, the samples has a fracture composite fracture morphology of polygon cleavage unit and even small dimple.The fracture morphology of sample austenitized at 1050 °C is quasi-cleavage f

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11

Liu, E., Feng Lan Wei, and Li Chun Qiu. "Orthogonal Test on Heat Treatment Parameters of Modified Low Chromium White Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.268.

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The effect of austenitizing temperature, heating time and tempering temperature on hardness and impact toughness of low chromium white cast iron was studied by orthogonal test. The optical microstructure was used to analyze the reasons of changes on mechanical properties. The results showed that the hardness increases at beginning and then decreases with the increase of each parameter, high impact toughness can be obtained at high tempering temperature and high austenitizing temperature, the descending order of influence on hardness and impact toughness is austenitizing temperature, heating ti

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12

Wu, Zhipeng, Chao Yang, Guangyao Chen, et al. "The Variation Patterns of the Martensitic Hierarchical Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 35Si2MnCr2Ni3MoV Steel at Different Austenitizing Temperatures." Materials 17, no. 5 (2024): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051099.

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This study investigates the influence of varying austenitizing temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 35Si2MnCr2Ni3MoV steel, utilizing Charpy impact testing and microscopic analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The findings reveal that optimal combination of strength and toughness is achieved at an austenitizing temperature of 980 °C, resulting in an impact toughness of 67.2 J and a tensile strength of 2032 MPa. The prior austenite grain size initially decreases slightly with increasing temperature,

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13

Zhang, Hongkui, Yipeng Lan, Zhe Ju, et al. "Effect of Austenitizing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Gray Cast Iron." Applied Sciences 15, no. 8 (2025): 4548. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084548.

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This study enhanced the performance of gray cast iron through the precise control of the partial austenitizing temperature combined with an isothermal quenching process. The study investigated the effects of three austenitizing temperatures, namely 810 °C, 850 °C, and 900 °C, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gray cast iron. With the increase in austenitizing temperature, the transformation of pearlite to ausferrite was promoted, and the ausferrite content increased from 8.0% at 810 °C to 91.2% at 900 °C. Mechanical property tests showed that the specimen treated at 850 °C had

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14

Pangestu, Mulyo Aji, and Afira Ainur Rosidah. "Austenitizing Temperature and Quenching Media Effects on Hardness and Microstructure in Hardening of AISI 1040 Steel." Metrotech (Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Technology) 3, no. 2 (2024): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33379/metrotech.v3i2.4178.

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Hardening process is an important to make materials have harder properties related to wear resistance. This research determined the effects of austenitizing temperature and quenching media on the hardness and microstructure of AISI 1040. The austenitizing temperatures varies at 850°C, 900°C, and 950°C with PVA 10%, SAE 20W-50 oil, and salt water as quenching media. The method to measure hardness was the Brinell hardness test. The results showed changes in the microstructure from untreated steel with the structures of ferrite and pearlite to bainite and martensite. The highest hardness value of

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15

Chen, Wu, Xiaofei He, Wenchao Yu, Maoqiu Wang, and Kefu Yao. "Microstructure, Hardness, and Tensile Properties of Vacuum Carburizing Gear Steel." Metals 11, no. 2 (2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020300.

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We investigated the effects of the austenitizing temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of case-carburized steel after vacuum carburization at 930 °C and then re-austenitization at 820–900 °C followed by oil quenching and tempering. The results show that fractures occurred early with the increase in the austenitizing temperature, although all the carburized specimens showed a similar case hardness of 800 HV0.2 and case depth of 1.2 mm. The highest fracture stress of 1919 MPa was obtained for the experimental steel when the austenitizing temperature was 840 °C due t

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16

Li, Bibo, Yanning Liu, Ying Chen, et al. "Effect of Batch-Annealing Temperature on Oxidation of 22MnB5 Steel during Austenitizing." Metals 13, no. 6 (2023): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13061011.

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In this paper, the effect of batch-annealing temperature on the oxidation of 22MnB5 steel during austenitizing was studied. When the batch-annealing temperature was decreased from 690 to 680 °C, the surface roughness of cold-rolled 22MnB5 steel decreased, which reduced the oxide layer thickness during the subsequent austenitizing process and had little effect on the mechanical properties in the cold-rolled and quenched state. This indicated that oxidation during austenitizing could be reduced by properly reducing the batch-annealing temperature without affecting the mechanical properties.

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17

Yu, Xinpan, Yong Wang, Huibin Wu, and Na Gong. "Ultra-Fine Bainite in Medium-Carbon High-Silicon Bainitic Steel." Materials 17, no. 10 (2024): 2225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102225.

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The effects of austenitizing and austempering temperatures on the bainite transformation kinetics and the microstructural and mechanical properties of a medium-carbon high-silicon ultra-fine bainitic steel were investigated via dilatometric measurements, microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. It is demonstrated that the optimum austenitizing temperature exists for 0.3 wt.%C ultra-fine bainitic steel. Although the finer austenite grain at 950 °C provides more bainite nuclei site and form finer bainitic ferrite plates, the lower dislocation density in plates and the higher volume

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18

Dong, Yuzhu, Rongchang Xu, Dianxiu Xia, et al. "Study on Austenite Grain Growth Behavior of GCr15 Bearing Steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2694, no. 1 (2024): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2694/1/012027.

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Abstract The effects of austenitizing temperature and holding time on the austenite grain growth behavior of GCr15 bearing steel are reflected in this paper. SEM and EBSD deeply reveal the effect of austenite grain size on the misorientation angle of grain boundary. The results show that both the holding time and the austenitizing temperature will make the austenite grain size grow to a certain extent. However, the change of temperature will cause a greater change in grain size. The grain size will also have different growth trends in different austenitizing temperature ranges. The grain size

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19

Liu, Shuang, Songyuan Ai, Mujun Long, et al. "Evolution of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Nb-V Alloyed Ultra-High Strength Hot Stamping Steel in Austenitizing Process." Materials 15, no. 22 (2022): 8197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228197.

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Clarifying the influence of Nb and V microalloying on the ultra-high strength hot stamping steel (UHSHSS) and exploring appropriate process parameters are the basis for effectively regulating properties of the final product. In this study, the effects of different austenitizing temperatures and holding times on the phase transitions, grain sizes and mechanical properties of 22MnB5NbV with Nb and V alloyed are studied by using JMatPro thermodynamic calculations and experiments. By comparing with 22MnB5 without Nb and V alloyed, the effects of Nb and V elements on quenching microstructures, grai

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20

Murathan, Ömer Faruk, Kemal Davut, and Volkan Kilicli. "Effect of austenitizing temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 9254 steel." Materials Testing 63, no. 1 (2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0007.

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Abstract In this study, the effect of austenitizing temperatures and low-temperature isothermal heat treatment (below martensite start temperature) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 9254 high silicon spring steel has been investigated. Experimental studies show that ultra-fine carbide-free bainite, tempered martensite and carbon enriched retained austenite could be observed in isothermally heat-treated samples where the as-received sample consisted of fine pearlite. A high tensile strength of ~2060 MPa, a total elongation of ~8 %, and absorbed energy of 105 J were achieve

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21

Teker, Tanju, S. Osman Yilmaz, and S. Özmen Eruslu. "Effect of austempering treatment on metallurgical structure of Ce inoculated X210Cr12 cold work tool steel." Materials Testing 64, no. 1 (2022): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2014.

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Abstract The effect of austempering treatment on metallurgical structure of X210Cr12 cold work tool steel inoculated with Ce was researched. Microstructural changes, elemental characterizations, and phase formations of the samples were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, elemental mapping, and microhardness test. Ce inoculation reduced the grain size, and the austenitizing temperature had a huge effect on the austenitizing process. The austenitizing process increased the hardness by reducing the retained austenite, but the degree w

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22

Hidayat, Ery, and Beny Bandanadjaja. "Peningkatan Nilai Impak Baja Hadfield Mn 12 Melalui Proses Perlakuan Panas Homogenisasi Bertahap." Jurnal Energi dan Teknologi Manufaktur (JETM) 1, no. 02 (2018): 09–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jetm.v1i02.20.

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Hadfield manganese steel is the steel with a composition of 1.0-1.4% C and 10-14% Mn, where the C: Mn ratio is made at 1:10. In as-cast conditions, the steel has a structure of carbide (Fe, Mn) 3C at the grain boundary, formed during slow cooling in the sand mold. The carbide existence can cause brittle properties of the material and needs to be eliminated by a heat treatment process that is homogenization (or solution treatment). In this study, a stepped heat treatment process was carried out by giving preheating at temperatures below the austenitizing temperature of 600 oC and 700 oC. The au

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23

Liu, Pei Xing, Hong Liang Yi, Ya Xu, Yi Lin Wang, and Yi Sheng Zhang. "Localized Austenitizing of the Blank to Make Tailored-Properties by Induction Heating." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.190.

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In this research, a novel hot stamping process to make tailored-properties is proposed. The local areas of blank are heated by induction heating. In the high strength zones, they are heated to austenitizing temperature, and in the absorption zones without heating. The temperature field of transition zone is determined by the thermal conduction between austenitizing temperature and ambient temperature. This novel process can be used for industrialization without changing mold design and stamping process.

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24

Deng, Biao, Dapeng Yang, Guodong Wang, Ziyong Hou, and Hongliang Yi. "Effects of Austenitizing Temperature on Tensile and Impact Properties of a Martensitic Stainless Steel Containing Metastable Retained Austenite." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14041000.

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Austenitizing temperature is one decisive factor for the mechanical properties of medium carbon martensitic stainless steels (MCMSSs). In the present work, the effects of austenitizing temperature (1000, 1020, 1040 and 1060 °C) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MCMSSs containing metastable retained austenite (RA) were investigated by means of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as tensile and impact toughness tests. Results suggest that the microstructure including an area fraction of undissolved M23C6, carbon and chromium content in matrix, prior austenite g

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25

Firouzi, Ahmad, Sasan Yazdani, Reza Tavangar, Behnam Shakerifard, and Faseeulla Khan Mohammad. "Austempering of PM HSS ASP2030 for improved fracture toughness." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 2 (2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022025.

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This study presents the fracture toughness improvement of the powder metallurgical high speed steel ASP2030 by replacing the martensitic matrix with a bainitic one. For this purpose, the fracture toughness of the steel is compared in both the austempered and marquenched states. The heat treatment of the samples was carried out by austenitizing in the range of 1150–1185 °C followed by either austempering at 235 °C or marquenching processes. Triple tempering at 560 °C for 2 h was also performed on all specimens. Fracture toughness measurements were performed on circumferentially notched tensile

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26

Li, Jun Ru, Xiao Hang Sun, Yan Ji, et al. "Effects of Austenitizing Temperature and Cooling Rate on the Mechanical Properties of 36MnVS4 Steel for Automobile Engine Connecting Rod." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1195.

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The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of 36MnVS4 steel was studied. Different prior austenite grain sizes were obtained by austenitizing at 850, 950 and 1050 °C, respectively, and different ferrite contents were obtained by different cooling rates. Austenitizing temperature mainly influenced the grain size. With the austenitizing temperature increasing, grain size increased and the phase transformation starting temperature increased. Also, the strength increased and the plasticity and toughness decreased. Cooling rate mainly influenced the microstructure percentage.

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27

Zhao, Zhengrong, Yunfei Zhang, Yingli Zhao, Mingqiang Fan, Yong Liu, and Yaning Mao. "Study on the influence mechanism of austenitizing temperature on the surface of corrosion-resistant mold steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2845, no. 1 (2024): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2845/1/012037.

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Abstract The microstructure of 4Cr13 corrosion-resistant plastic mold steel was studied. The martensitic experimental steel obtained by different heat treatment processes was used as the object. The effect of austenitizing temperature on its corrosion behavior was studied by microstructure characterization and electrochemical test. The results show that the microstructure of the test steel is mainly composed of martensite laths. Under the same experimental conditions, the corrosion resistance of the test steel decreases with the increase of austenitizing temperature, and the corrosion products

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28

Liu, Chun Jing, Dun Bing Tang, and Hua He. "Optimize Quenching Process Parameters of 20CrMnTi Steel Based on Response Surface Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 127 (October 2011): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.127.332.

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20CrMnTi steel is usually employed in the fabrication of wearable parts subjected to medium dynamic load, such as change gear, gear shaft, cross pin end, etc., which are extensively adopted in the automobile industry. The stability of hardness ability and strength ability of 20CrMnTi steel are important performance in producing gear steel. For the sake of researching the effect of austenitizing temperature and holding time on the quenching hardness and tensile strength, the central composite design, response surface method and multi-objective optimization are carried out to optimize the operat

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29

Szykowny, T., T. Giętka, K. Ciechacki, L. Panfil, and Ł. Romanowski. "Isothermal Transformation Ar1 Product Morphology and Kinetics of EN-GJS-600-3 Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 2 (2017): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0062.

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AbstractThis work presents the qualitative and quantitative changes in the products of isothermal transformation (reaction) in a ductile cast iron austenite after supercooling to the temperature range Ar1. The austenitizing temperature considered in this work was 900, 960 or 1020°C. The eutectoid reaction was investigated by metallographic examination at a holding temperature right below Ar11(820°C) or right below Ar12(760°C). The quantitative metallographic examination was carried out with a light microscope (LM). The initial transformation stage products were identified with a transmission e

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30

Lyu, Hongru, Lin Zhu, Qingxian Ma, Jie Huo, Jiamian Liu, and Zhuolin Wang. "Coordinated Regulation of Mechanical Behavior and Residual Stress of 9Cr-3W-3Co Steel Based on Jominy Test." Materials 18, no. 11 (2025): 2508. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112508.

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Heat-resistant steel 9Cr-3W-3Co is one of the most important materials of advanced ultra-supercritical units. Investigating the quenching performance of 9Cr-3W-3Co material and optimizing its post-quenching microstructural mechanical properties and residual stress distribution are crucial for ensuring the service performance of large forgings. In this paper, the relevant research was carried out based on the combination of numerical simulation and the Jominy end-quenching test. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties formation mechanism under different austenitizing temperatures

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31

Liu, Shuang, Mujun Long, Songyuan Ai, et al. "Evolution of Phase Transition and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Strength Hot-Stamped Steel During Quenching Process." Metals 10, no. 1 (2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010138.

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Hot stamping process is widely used in the manufacture of the high strength automotive steel, mainly including the stamping and quenching process of the hot-formed steel. In the hot stamping process, the steel is heated above the critical austenitizing temperature, and then it is rapidly stamped in the mold and the quenching phase transition occurs at the same time. The quenching operation in the hot stamping process has a significant influence on the phase transition and mechanical properties of the hot-stamping steel. A proper quenching technique is quite important to control the microstruct

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32

Bösing, Ingmar, Georg Marquardt, and Jorg Thöming. "Effect of Heat Treatment of Martensitic Stainless Steel on Passive Layer Growth Kinetics Studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Conjunction with the Point Defect Model." Corrosion and Materials Degradation 1, no. 1 (2020): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd1010006.

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Martensitic stainless steels are widely used materials. Their mechanical and corrosion properties are strongly influenced by their microstructure and thereby can be affected by heat treatment. In the present study, the effect of different austenitizing temperatures on the passive film growth kinetics of martensitic stainless steel is studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The data was further fitted by the point defect model to determine kinetic parameters. We show that an increasing austenitizing temperature leads to a more protective passive film and slows down passive film disso

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33

Limooei, Mohammad Bagher, and Shabnam Hosseini. "Optimization of Heat Treatment in Manganese Steel by Taguchi Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.43.

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Manganese steels have extensively application in industries due to good resistance to wear, high work hardening capability with high toughness and ductility. Heat treatment is the main process to obtain desired mechanical properties and microstructure in this steel. The austenitizing temperature, the austenitizing time and the rate of quenching are the main factors in heat treatment. In this research, Taguchi analysis was used to determine optimal heat treatment for minimizing grain boundary carbide content with optimum hardness. Experimental variable chosen for this study included austenitizi

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34

Wang, Chao, Xin Wang, Jian Kang, Guo Yuan, and Guodong Wang. "Effect of Austenitization Conditions on the Transformation Behavior of Low Carbon Steel Containing Ti–Ca Oxide Particles." Materials 12, no. 7 (2019): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071070.

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Inclusion-induced acicular ferrite (AF) nucleation has been used for microstructure refinement in steel. Austenitization conditions have a significant influence on AF nucleation ability. In this paper, the effects of austenitization temperature and holding time on the transformation behaviors of low carbon steel containing Ti–Ca oxide particles were studied. A thermal treatment experiment, high temperature in situ observation, and calculation of Mn diffusion were carried out. The results indicate that small austenite grain size under low austenitizing temperature promoted grain boundary reacti

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Liu, Chun Jing, Dun Bing Tang, and Hua He. "Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Quenching Process Parameters of 17Cr2Ni2Mo Steel." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.508.

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With fast development of output, light-weighting and high performance of automobile, 17Cr2Ni2Mo steel, as an important vehicle-used gear steel, has to improve properties to fulfill the development. The performance of 17Cr2Ni2Mo steel is affected by quenching process parameters. In order to investigate the effect of austenitizing temperature and holding time on the quenching hardness and tensile strength, the central composite design (CCD) and response surface method (RSM) are applied to optimize the operating variables viz. austenitizing temperature and holding time. Multi-objective optimizati

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Hasan, Wisam Naji, and Mohammed Naji Al-Aaraji. "Experimental Investigation of Application Taguchi Method to Optimize Heat Treatment Parameters Using Nanofluids of AISI 52100 Steel." Materials Science Forum 1083 (April 6, 2023): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-gd0ipd.

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The present work describes a heat treatment procedure using nanofluids as quenchants for (AISI 52100 Steel) via the Taguchi method to optimize process parameters. The nanofluids have been prepared from nanoparticles (SiO2, SiC and Fe2O3) and base media consist of distilled water, toluene and ethylene glycol of volume concentrations of 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 %. The present investigation considers hardness and wear rate as optimization criteria. The experimental variables that were selected for this study are: (austenitizing and tempering temperature), (type and volume fraction of nanoparticles) an

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Fortini, Annalisa, Emanuele Bertarelli, Manuel Cassola, and Mattia Merlin. "An Industrial-Scale Study of the Hardness and Microstructural Effects of Isothermal Heat Treatment Parameters on EN 100CrMo7 Bearing Steel." Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (2024): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020737.

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The 100CrMo7, commonly employed for bearings in rotating machinery, relies on precise heat treatment parameters to ensure an optimal microstructure and, in turn, mechanical properties. Typically, an austenitizing treatment, followed by rapid cooling in a salt bath for martempering or austempering, is crucial in achieving the desired microstructure and hardness. The present industrial-scale study involved a comparative analysis between martempering and austempering routes regarding the hardness and microstructure evolution of EN 100CrMo7 large-size rings. The investigation delves into the effec

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Yazdani, Sasan. "The Influence of Austempering Heat Treatment Variables on Dimensional Changes of a Ni-Cu Ductile Iron." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.702.

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Control and prediction of the dimensional changes (DC) during austempering heat treatment of ductile iron is difficult because many factors influence this behavior. In the present work cylindrical specimens of ductile iron were used to study the effect of austenitizing temperature, austempering time, temperature, and prior microstructure on DC. The results show that DC increases with increasing austenitizing temperature in the range of 850 to 950°C with a fully ausferrite microstructure. Evaluation of different combinations of ferrite and pearlite contents in prior microstructure indicates tha

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López, N. M., and A. Salinas R. "Effects of Austenitizing Temperature and Cooling Rate on the Phase Transformation Texture in Hot Rolled Steels." MRS Proceedings 1485 (2012): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.281.

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ABSTRACTThe effects of austenitizing temperature and cooling rate on the microstructures and textures produced by phase transformations in high strength hot rolled Fe-C-Mn steel plates are investigated using orientation imagining microscopy. Samples machined from the plates are austenitized at temperatures between 820-950°C during 30 minutes and quenched in either iced-water, water or oil. Finally, the quenched samples are tempered at 450°C during 30 minutes. Characterization of microstructure and textures produced by these heat treatments was performed by conventional metallography using a re

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Yang, Yue Hui, Xiao Juan Zhang, Shao Qiang Yuan, and Jing Li. "Effect of Quenching Microstructure on the Formation of Reversed Austenite in 9Ni Steel." Materials Science Forum 788 (April 2014): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.788.277.

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The microstructures of 9Ni steel by quenching at different temperatures were observed, and the effect of grain size on the formation of reversed austenite was investigated by XRD, SEM and EBSD. It was found that the reversed austenite formed easily because of the refined initial microstructure which could provide more nucleation sites. More austenite phase precipitates during tempering and stabilization because the alloying atoms can segregate into austenite easily through a short-range diffusion. Austenitizing at 750°C to 850°C for 60min coiuld causes slight coarsening of microstructure and r

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Nykiel, Tadeusz, and Tadeusz Hryniewicz. "Effect of High-Temperature Heating on Chemical Changes in M₇C₃ Carbides of AISI D2 Tool Steel." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 36 (July 2014): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.36.258.

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The paper presents the study results obtained on 16H12MF/NC11LV/D2 tool steel. The main purpose of the study was to establish the chemical composition of the coarse primary M7C3 carbides occurring in that steel after a standard soft annealing. The effect of high-temperature annealing in the air atmosphere was investigated. The study was limited to the decarburized layer, on the distance of about 0.4 mm from the surface, of hardened steel after annealing and austenitizing at 1150 °C in the air atmosphere for the periods of 30 and 90 minutes. It was found that the coarse primary M7C3 carbides of

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Nykiel, Tadeusz, and Tadeusz Hryniewicz. "Effect of High-Temperature Heating on Chemical Changes in M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> Carbides of AISI D2 Tool Steel." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 36 (July 15, 2014): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-6203wy.

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The paper presents the study results obtained on 16H12MF/NC11LV/D2 tool steel. The main purpose of the study was to establish the chemical composition of the coarse primary M7C3 carbides occurring in that steel after a standard soft annealing. The effect of high-temperature annealing in the air atmosphere was investigated. The study was limited to the decarburized layer, on the distance of about 0.4 mm from the surface, of hardened steel after annealing and austenitizing at 1150 °C in the air atmosphere for the periods of 30 and 90 minutes. It was found that the coarse primary M7C3 carbides of

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Chen, Zhenye, Xiujuan Zhao, Jianjun Qi, Wenting Zhu, Yanqing Zhao, and Liqing Chen. "Effect of Austenite Grain Size on the Bainitic Transformation in a 690 MPa Grade High-Strength Multi-Functional Construction Steel." Metals 12, no. 4 (2022): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040577.

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A high-strength low-carbon construction structural steel was investigated in the laboratory. The various austenite grain sizes were obtained by austenitizing the steel at different temperatures. The effect of austenite grain size on bainite transformation was studied by the dilatometer. The results show that the microstructure of high-strength low-carbon structural steels mainly includes granular bainite, lath-like bainite and martensite-austenite (M-A). The microstructure changes from granular bainite to lath-like bainite with the increase in austenitizing temperature or austenite grain size.

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Gong, Wen Bang, Yun Zhang, and Gang Yu Xiang. "Analysis and Calculation of Carbon Content in Austenitizing of Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.52.

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In this paper, a formula for the calculation of carbon content during austenitizing of cast iron was deduced, considering the effect of silicon content on the heat treatment parameter. According to this formula, the carbon content of the austenite in a certain austenization temperature for a cast iron with given components can be easily calculated, and the austenization temperature for getting the expected carbon content in the austenite can also be determined. Besides, according to the relationship between austenization temperature Tx and the according carbon content Cax, and considering the

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Gong, Wen Bang, Yun Zhang, Huan Liu, Hua Fang Wang, Yu Qin Wu, and Li Sun. "Discussion for the Calculation of Carbon Content and Heating Temperature in Austenitizing of Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 1028 (September 2014): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1028.62.

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In this paper, a formula for calculation of carbon content during austenitizing of cast iron was developed with consideration of the effect of silicon content. According to this formula, carbon content of austenite at a certain austenization temperature for a cast iron with given composition can be easily calculated, and the austenization temperature for getting the expected carbon content in the austenite can also be determined. Besides, according to the relationship between austenization temperature Tx and the according carbon content Cax, and considering the effect of silicon content, the d

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Trzaska, Jacek, and Wojciech Sitek. "A Hybrid Method for Calculating the Chemical Composition of Steel with the Required Hardness after Cooling from the Austenitizing Temperature." Materials 17, no. 1 (2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010097.

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The article presents a hybrid method for calculating the chemical composition of steel with the required hardness after cooling from the austenitizing temperature. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic algorithms (GAs) were used to develop the model. Based on 550 diagrams of continuous cooling transformation (CCT) of structural steels available in the literature, a dataset of experimental data was created. Artificial neural networks were used to develop a hardness model describing the relationship between the chemical composition of the steel, the austenitizing temperature, and the har

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Kang, Moonseok, Minha Park, Byoungkoo Kim, et al. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Steel for in Hot Forging Products." Metals 11, no. 5 (2021): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050768.

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High-strength steel is widely used in hot forging products for application to the oil and gas industry because it has good mechanical properties under severe environment. In order to apply to the extreme environment industry requiring high temperature and high pressure, heat treatments such as austenitizing, quenching and tempering are required. The microstructure of high-strength steel after heat treatment has various microstructures such as Granular Bainite (GB), Acicular Ferrite (AF), Bainitic Ferrite (BF), and Martensite (M) depending on the heat treatment conditions and cooling rate. Espe

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Zhang, Zhao, Tan, Ji, and Xiang. "Study on the Nucleation and Growth of Pearlite Colony and Impact Toughness of Eutectoid Steel." Metals 9, no. 11 (2019): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111133.

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The relationship between microstructure parameters and mechanical properties was studied in this paper. The steel was heat-treated at different austenitizing temperatures to acquire varying microstructure. The results showed that austenite grain size increases with austenitizing temperature, while the pearlite colony size was relatively constant. The strength followed a Hall–Petch relationship with the austenite grain size, but the austenite grain size has nothing to do with the impact toughness. The control unit for determining the impact toughness of pearlitic steel is the pearlite colony si

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Wang, Yu, Zelalem Abathun Mehari, Junyuan Wu, and Jingtao Han. "Effect of induction heating temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HSLA square tubes." Materials Research Express 9, no. 10 (2022): 106504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac9572.

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Abstract Severe strain hardening, thickness reduction, and large outer corner radius are three typical characteristics in the corner section of cold roll-formed steel. This paper presents a new manufacturing technology called cold and hot composite roll forming to improve the shape and properties in the corner section. In order to study the effect of induction heating temperature, a multi-pass cold and hot composite roll forming experiment for high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) square tubes was carried out under three different heating temperature ranges namely: the non-austenitizing zone, p

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Golański, Grzegorz, Cezary Kolan, and Jerzy Kupczyk. "The Effect of Austenitizing Temperature on Prior Austenite Grain Size in Martensitic Cast Steel." Solid State Phenomena 197 (February 2013): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.197.53.

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The GX12CrMoVNbN9-1 (GP91) cast steel belongs to a new group of high-temperature creep resistant cast steels being introduced to the power industry. The cast steel is characterized by higher mechanical properties in comparison with the low alloy Cr – Mo or Cr – Mo – V cast steels used so far. The mechanical properties of martensitic cast steels depend on the parameters of heat treatment, such as the temperature of austenitizing. The paper is to present the results of research on the influence of austenitizing temperature ranging from 980 to 1100oC and hold time of 12 hours on the growth of aus

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