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1
Bae, Susie, Denise Caruso, and Jayesh Desai. "An Australasian perspective on sarcoma research, translational biology and clinical trials: the Australasian Sarcoma Study Group (ASSG)." Pathology 46, no. 2 (February 2014): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pat.0000000000000051.
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Akbaba, Sertan. "A Critical Assessment of a Eurosceptic Party Group on European Integration: A Case Study of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group." Baltic Journal of European Studies 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2014-0006.
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Abstract The article explores Euroscepticism and the way it is utilized within the politics of Europe, analyzed upon evidence from a Eurosceptic Euro-party located in the European Parliament, namely the European Conservatives and Reformists Group (ECR). The aim of this article is to clarify that the selected party> disproves the argument of EU- criticism being an unfavourable condition, and, more importantly, its contribution to the political contestation in the EU. For such an assessment, a survey of the party> manifesto, party working documents, as well as the discourses of the Member of the European Parliament (MEPs) will be analyzed, and the concept of Euroscepticism will be once again in the centre of this analysis. This argument is evaluated based on the transnational-level analysis of the aforementioned party, focusing primarily on three specific issues-the democratic deficit, the issue of sovereignty! and anti-immigration rhetoric.
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Calzada Pérez, María. "The group in the self." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 29, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.18026.cal.
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Abstract Drawing on theoretical approaches to personal/group behaviour, and informed by Michael Hoey’s priming theory, this paper presents a corpus-assisted discourse study of European Parliament interventions from 2004 to 2011. The study aims to identify the group in the self and the various selves in the individual. For the analysis, three corpora from the European Comparable and Parallel Corpus Archive are explored: EP_EN (with EP interventions: 26,959,446 tokens), HC (with House of Commons interventions: 70,567,728), and SandD_david_martin (with member of European Parliament – MEP – David Martin’s interventions: 116,781). The main tool of analysis is the keyword, as generated by WordSmith 7.0. The analysis proceeds in three stages: stage 1, where the EP_EN and HC wordlists are compared, resulting in EP key priming; stage 2, where the SandD_david_martin and HC wordlists are compared, exposing David Martin’s idiosyncratic productions; and stage 3, where the EP_EN and SandD_david_martin keyword lists are manually compared, leading to the identification of EP priming in David Martin’s interventions.
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Martin, Aaron R. "Party group collapse and strategic switching in the European Parliament." European Union Politics 22, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 521–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116521999718.
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The literature on party group switching in the European Parliament contends that members re-affiliate primarily for strategic reasons. This article advances the discussion by also considering the occurrence of non-strategic switches which follow the collapse of weakly institutionalized groups. Using an original dataset which includes DW-Nominate scores (1979–2009), I operationalize policy-seeking behavior among strategic switchers by deriving member- and delegation-to-group policy distance variables. The pooled logistic regression models using a penalized maximum likelihood estimator make it possible to address quasicomplete separation, and the results show that members from large groups and delegations have significantly lower odds of switching. Further, as members or delegations become incongruent with their group, the odds of switching increase. The study has important implications for research investigating the relationship between weak party institutionalization and parliamentary behavior.
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Findlay, Michael, David Storey, Val Gebski, Carol Hargreaves, Graham Cullingford, Michael Boyer, James Trotter, et al. "A PILOT STUDY OF PREOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH OPERABLE GASTRIC CANCER: AUSTRALASIAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRIALS GROUP STUDY 9601." ANZ Journal of Surgery 77, no. 4 (April 2007): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04027.x.
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Johnston, Peter R. "Rhytismatales of Australasia." Australian Systematic Botany 14, no. 3 (2001): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb99035.
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The Rhytismatales are both genetically and biologically diverse in Australasia. Although taxonomically one of the better known groups of ascomycetes from the region, almost all knowledge on the group is confined to species from south-eastern Australia and New Zealand. The indigenous Australasian species show two distinct patterns of geographic relationship—one group comprises species with a broad tropical distribution, the other comprises species that have close relatives on phylogenetically related hosts in other parts of the temperate Southern Hemisphere. While the widespread tropical species have a broad host range, the others tend to be specialised toward a single host. Further research required includes alpha-taxonomic studies from other parts of Australasia, study of the biological roles these fungi play in Australasian forests and molecular studies on the origin of the genetic diversity of the order in this region.
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Beek, Mary, and Gillian Schofield. "Foster Carers' Perspectives on Permanence: A Focus Group Study." Adoption & Fostering 26, no. 2 (July 2002): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590202600204.
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There is undoubtedly a need to establish a firm legislative, policy and practice basis for adoption. At the same time, it is recognised that a range of permanence options is required to meet the needs of children for whom adoption is not appropriate, not achievable or against their wishes. Although the Prime Minister's Review of Adoption recommended consultation on all aspects of the Adoption and Children Bill, it was not clear whether there would be mechanisms for consulting foster carers who currently offer permanent placements to children. As a result, the Nuffield Foundation funded a series of three focus groups to take place during the Bill's passage through parliament, with a view to contributing to the debate on what might be needed to ensure the effectiveness of the range of permanence options sought by the Government. This paper by Mary Beek and Gillian Schofield is a result of that consultation exercise. However, the richness of the discussions in the groups allowed the authors to go beyond and behind the immediate question of legal options and explore how foster carers view their role in offering children a long-term commitment and a place in their families.
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Bezuglya, Anna A., Ekaterina A. Kulishenko, Olga V. Lepeshkina, Ludmila I. Nikonova, and Karina V. Shamaeva. "Constitutional experience in formalizing the spheres of interaction between the chambers of parliaments of the countries of the South African Region." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-A (April 28, 2021): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-a793p.198-203.
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This article presents the results of a comparative legal analysis of the constitutions of the countries of South Africa regarding the consolidation of the constitutional spheres of interaction of the chambers of parliaments in them. The study showed that the typical (universal) areas of interaction between the chambers of parliament include: the legislative sphere; the security sphere and the control sphere. The international sphere, which involves the interaction of the chamber of parliament on the ratification of international treaties (Eswatini, South Africa), is atypical for the states of the studied group of countries. We concluded during the study that the typical and atypical areas of interaction between the chambers of parliament in the South Africa reflect both the established practice and the independent approaches of states to the constitutional formalization of the joint powers of the chambers of parliament.
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Varone, Frédéric, Pirmin Bundi, and Roy Gava. "Policy evaluation in parliament: interest groups as catalysts." International Review of Administrative Sciences 86, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852317750461.
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Members of Parliament (MPs) request policy evaluations and use the resultant findings to inform law-making and hold the government to account. Since most elected representatives have developed strong ties to interest groups, one might wonder whether these privileged relationships influence MPs’ parliamentary behavior. This study investigates how MPs’ affiliations to groups affect their demand for policy evaluations. Empirical evidence shows that, regardless of respective party or individual characteristics, MPs are more likely to request evaluations in those policy domains where they have a group affiliation. This effect holds even when controlling for a classical measure of MP's policy specialization, such as legislative committee membership. These findings suggest that ties between MPs and specific types of interest group should be considered when explaining parliamentary behavior across different policy domains. Point for practitioners To influence the policymaking process, interest groups participate in consultation procedures and parliamentary hearings, they lobby elected officials and deliver policy expertise to decision-makers. These advocacy strategies are well studied. This article innovates by showing that, in addition, interest groups foster the development of policy evaluations. MPs affiliated to an interest group active on a specific issue are likely to request policy evaluations in that policy domain. Interest groups strengthen the parliamentary demand for evaluation studies and, thus, may potentially contribute to the accountability of government and public administration.
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Rosza, Lajos, Aurora Gaxiola, Louis Lefebvre, Sarah Timmermans, Sherry Dawson, and Peter Kabai. "Feeding Innovations and Forebrain Size in Australasian Birds." Behaviour 135, no. 8 (1998): 1077–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853998792913492.
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AbstractMany authors have proposed that behavioural flexibility in the field is associated with learning ability in captivity, relative forebrain size and rate of structural evolution. In birds, the frequency of feeding innovations reported in the short notes sections of ornithology journals may be a good way to operationalize flexibility. In this paper, we examine in the birds of Australia and New Zealand the relationship between forebrain size and innovation frequency found in a previous study covering North America and the British Isles. From a methodological point of view, the two variables are highly reliable: innovation frequency per taxonomic group is similar when different readers judge innovation reports and when different editorial styles govern journals; relative forebrain size yields very similar estimates whether mean residuals from a log-log regression are used or ratios of forebrain to brainstem mass. Innovation frequency per taxon is correlated between the two Australasian zones and between these zones and the more northerly ones studied previously. Innovation frequency is also associated with relative forebrain size in Australia and, to a lesser extent, in New-Zealand; in Australia, parrots show the high frequency of innovations predicted by their large forebrain, but yield no innovations in the New Zealand sample. The forebrain/innovation trend is independent of juvenile development mode, but phylogeny appears to be an important intervening variable in Australasia, as evidenced by non-significant independent contrasts.
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Ivchenko, O. "SOCIO-POLITICAL AND HISTORICAL CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF THE IDEA OF CONSTITUTIONAL ROYALISM IN ENGLAND IN THE 17th CENTURY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 147 (2020): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.147.4.
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The article is dedicated to the study of such a direction of political thought of the English Revolution of the 17th century as the constitutional royalism. This ideological direction has not been the subject of research by historians, who have focused mainly on the analysis of the ideas of supporters of Parliament. But the theory of constitutional royalism underlies the modern political system of Great Britain. This fact determines the relevance of this study. The term "constitutional royalism", first proposed by the English historian David Smith, characterizes a group of royalists who submited the idea of the king's rule in Parliament, or the idea of "mixed monarchy". The article aims to consider the historical context of the formation of the theory of constitutional royalism. The article describes the socio-political and ideological conditions that helped to form this area of political thought. The author concludes that the idea of constitutional royalism could have arisen and received its further development only in connection with the conditions prevailing in England in the 17th century. The new ruler James I wanted to strengthen the power of the monarch and make it absolute. The king and Parliament argued over the issue of the royal prerogative, namely the extraordinary rights of the monarch. James I sought to increase this prerogative, and Parliament wanted to limit it. Over time, there is a group of constitutional royalists – those who advocated the reign of the king in Parliament. Proponents of this idea believed that the monarch should retain all power, but Parliament at the same time performs advisory functions and helps the king to rule the state. Appearing during the English Revolution of the 17th century, the idea of constitutional royalism influenced on the political life of England and contributed to the formation of its modern state of affairs.
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Debenham, ML. "The biting midge genus Forcipomyia (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) in the Australasian region (exclusive of New Zealand). II. Warmkea and the Caloforcipomyia group of subgenera." Invertebrate Systematics 1, no. 2 (1987): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9870167.
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In this second part of the study of Australasian Forcipomyia, the subgenus Warmkea and the group of subgenera related to Caloforcipomyia are examined. Warmkea is recorded from the Australasian region for the first time, with a single species, albiacies, sp. nov. Four new species of the subgenus Caloforcipomyia are recorded, two – quokkae, sp. nov., and gibbus, sp. nov. – from Australia (the latter also from New Guinea), and pennaticauda from New Guinea, and new records are provided for squamianulipes Tokunaga & Murachi. The subgenus Metaforcipomyia is also recorded for the first time from the region, with five Australian species – tomaculorum, sp. nov.; colonus, sp. nov.; campana, sp. nov.; rupicola, sp. nov.; crepidinis, sp. nov. – and one new New Guinea species, furculae, sp. nov. In addition, the species novaguineae Tokunaga and stigmatipennis Tokunaga are transferred to Metaforcipomyia from the subgenus Forcipomyia. A new subgenus, Bassoforcipomyia, apparently related to the Caloforcipomyia group, is erected for two new southern Australian species, centurio, sp. nov., and incus, sp, nov. The relationships of these subgenera, and the relationships of species within the subgenera, are discussed.
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Burke, Jacinta M., Michael J. Bayly, Peter B. Adams, and Pauline Y. Ladiges. "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae), with emphasis on the Australian section Dendrocoryne, and implications for generic classification." Australian Systematic Botany 21, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb07038.
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Sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear rDNA were obtained for a broad range of dendrobium orchids for phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. A progressive approach was used to identify functional outgroups for analysis of all taxa in Dendrobium sect. Dendrocoryne. Our first, broadest analysis confirmed the results of other workers that Dendrobium sensu lato includes a major Australasian clade and a sister Asian clade. In the Australasian clade, the New Zealand species D. cunninghamii (=gen. Winika, Clements et al. 1997) was identified as the sister group to a well supported clade that includes the genera Cadetia, Diplocaulobium and Flickingeria, and Dendrobium sects Grastidium, Latouria, Spatulata, Australorchis (=gen. Australorchis), Rhizobium (= gen. Dockrillia) and Dendrocoryne. Sect. Dendrocoryne is probably polyphyletic, with two species, D. aemulum and D. callitrophilum (=gen. Tropilis), outside the main group and sect. Rhizobium (= gen. Dockrillia) nested within it. Sect. Australorchis (= gen. Australorchis) is possibly the sister group to the clade of Rhizobium plus the main group of Dendrocoryne. Thelychiton (a genus reinstated for several species in Dendrocoryne) is polyphyletic, given that Tetrabaculum (=D. tetragonum complex) and Dockrillia fall within the same clade. The splitting of the Australasian dendrobiums into various genera by other authors is excessive and unnecessary, and alternative taxonomic treatments are offered here for debate. Our study included accessions for all varieties in the following three widespread eastern Australian species: D. speciosum, D. kingianum and D. tetragonum. Each of these species showed significant sequence divergence between particular geographic regions, but some varieties had identical sequences. The splitting of D. speciosum into 11 species is not supported. We identified pseudogenes in the ITS region for D. fleckeri and D. finniganense, which appear to have evolved before these two species diverged, but support their sister relationship. Sequences for D. callitrophilum and D. (Grastidium) baileyi (the latter from GenBank) also appear to be pseudogenes, and these taxa need further study.
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F. Recher, Harry. "Status and Conservation of Shorebirds in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway." Pacific Conservation Biology 13, no. 2 (2007): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc070144.
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This publication comprises the proceedings of the Australasian Shorebirds Conference held in Canberra in 2003. It is No. 18 of Wetlands International Global Series and International Wader Studies 17 of the International Wader Study Group. Although publication was delayed, the papers in this proceedings remain an important contribution to international shorebird conservation. Eighteen of the 25 papers are about Australian and New Zealand shorebirds, while the remainder are mainly from Southeast Asia. Topics include managing human disturbance of plovers on Australian beaches, conservation of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmaeus in Russia, shorebird studies in Taiwan, and threats from marine farming in New Zealand.
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Delputte, Sarah, Cristina Fasone, and Fabio Longo. "The Diplomatic Role of the European Parliament’s Standing Committees, Delegations and Assemblies: Insights from acp–eu Inter-Parliamentary Cooperation." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 11, no. 2-3 (March 11, 2016): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341338.
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This article focuses on the contribution that the European Parliament’s standing committees, delegations and inter-parliamentary assemblies make as diplomatic actors in the post-Lisbon Treaty period. These three types of bodies and institutions are grouped together, because in practice they work in complementary ways. The committees play a coordinating role, the delegations act as ‘embassies on the move’ and the participation of the European Parliament in inter-parliamentary assemblies represents the clearest institutional sign of the European Parliament’s external action. The article focuses on a case study: the involvement of the European Parliament in the eu’s partnership with the African, Caribbean and Pacific group of countries (acp) through the Development Committee (deve), the competent European Parliament delegation, and the activities within the Joint Parliamentary Assembly. The article aims to analyse whether and how the European Parliament is able to play a distinctive diplomatic role through its standing committees, delegations and inter-parliamentary assemblies.
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McKenzie, Eric H. C., and Eric H. C. McKenzie. "Fungi anamorphici in Australasia." Australian Systematic Botany 14, no. 3 (2001): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb99032.
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Fungi are everywhere but mycologists are not and the fungi anamorphici, which includes hyphomycetes and coelomycetes, is an under-studied group in Australasia. It is the second largest group of fungi and its members play an important role in nutrient cycling. Plant pathogenic species are the best-documented and fungi anamorphici feature prominently in lists of plant diseases for Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. The few resident mycologists specialising in taxonomy and systematics of fungi anamorphici have made major advances in the study of plant pathogens (e.g. Bipolaris, Fusarium) and those of industrial importance (e.g. Penicillium). Visiting mycologists who have made significant collections of Australasian fungi anamorphici include B. C. Sutton in Australia, S. J. Hughes in New Zealand and T. Matsushima in Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. A census of fungi anamorphici is being prepared forFungi of Australia and a database of all species recorded from New Zealand is being compiled. Australasian studies of fungi anamorphici in freshwater and marine environments and those associated with arthropods are discussed. Rainforests and numerous other habitats in Australasia remain a vast storehouse of unknown fungi anamorphici—thousands of species yet to be collected, classified and described.
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Pratiwi, Andi Misbahul. "The Policies, Practices, and Politics of Women Representation in Political Parties: A Case Study of Women Members of Parliament in Regency/City-level Legislative Council Period 2014-2019." Jurnal Perempuan 24, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v24i2.323.
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<pre>Political parties play an important role as a gateway to women's representation. In political party the entire battle to win seats in parliament occurs. Therefore, the policies, practices and politics in the political party determine the face of women's representation in parliament. This study focuses on policy, practice and politics in political parties in the context of encouraging women's representation in regency/city-level legislative council in Indonesia. This research explores the strategy experience and challenges faced by women legislative members in regency/city-level legislative council for the 2014-2019 period of the four parties that passed to parliament in the 2014 elections, namely PDIP, Golkar, Gerindra and one Islamic party, PPP. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and document review of articles of association/bylaws (AD/ART) of political parties. The results showed that 1) AD/ART of a number of political parties has adopted a 30% quota affirmative policy for party management structures and the formation of women’s party wing organizations; 2) the practices of affirmative action policies in the process of recruitment, candidacy and political campaigns have not yet fully adopted the ideology of gender mainstreaming; knowledge, programs and decisions of political parties as well as competition between legislative candidates in competing for votes are still gender biased, thus detrimental to women’s political agenda; 3) Parliamentary women experience psychological violence and intimidation in pushing the political agenda of women in parliament - rooted in patriarchal ideology, while the women’s wing have not standing for women’s agenda.</pre>
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Wirth, Andrew, Andrew Grigg, Max Wolf, David Goldstein, Carol Johnson, Sidney Davis, Gaelle Dutu, et al. "Risk and response adapted therapy for early stage Hodgkin lymphoma: a prospective multicenter study of the Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group/Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group." Leukemia & Lymphoma 52, no. 5 (February 14, 2011): 786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2010.547155.
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Wirth, A., A. Grigg, M. Wolf, S. Davis, M. Hertzberg, D. Joseph, C. Johnson, and L. Weih. "Risk and response adapted treatment for early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (ESHL): Preliminary results of an Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group/Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 14_suppl (July 15, 2004): 6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.22.14_suppl.6531.
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Wirth, A., A. Grigg, M. Wolf, S. Davis, M. Hertzberg, D. Joseph, C. Johnson, and L. Weih. "Risk and response adapted treatment for early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (ESHL): Preliminary results of an Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group/Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 14_suppl (July 15, 2004): 6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6531.
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Pisarev, Ivan Ivanovich. "“Europeanization” of Think Tanks in the EU Interest Group Politics." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-1-49-63.
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The article reveals the characteristics of think tanks as actors of the interest group politics in the European Union (EU). In this policy, they inspire public debate, conduct research, encourage new legislation and more effective public administration. A large number of European think tanks is engaged in interest group politics both at the national and supranational level of the EU governance, encouraging integration processes among the EU countries and Europeanization, which is the subject of analysis of this study. The strengthening of the role and importance of interest groups in EU policy is largely due to the increased power of the Unions institutions, since the introduction of new legislation and regulation common to all EU countries leads to the feedback from various groups that represent both public and private interests. Obviously, these groups, when interacting with the power institutions of the EU, strive for the most effective protection of their interests. For this purpose their representatives hold meetings with officials of the European Commission and the European Parliament, as well as other structures of the Union. This interaction, aiming at promoting their interests by means of lobbying and advocacy, has been regulated since 2011 by the Transparency Register, jointly created by the European Commission and the European Parliament. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quantitative performance of think tanks in the EU and to develop on its basis the Ranking of EU countries, according to the level of Europeanization of the think tanks representing them. From the research methods perspective, the study is based on the matching of statistical data from the Transparency Register and the Global Go To Think Tank Index, which serves the basis for this Ranking. The study of the ranking makes it possible to identify groups of countries with a high, medium and low level of Europeanization of think tanks in all EU countries as of January 31, 2019. The results revealed on the basis of the analysis demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of the Europeanization process of think tanks in different EU countries.
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Häge, Frank M., and Nils Ringe. "Top-down or bottom-up? The selection of shadow rapporteurs in the European Parliament." European Union Politics 21, no. 4 (July 8, 2020): 706–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116520934865.
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Shadow rapporteurs play an important role in developing the European Parliament’s collective policy positions and in defending them in inter-institutional negotiations. This study sheds light on the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of shadow rapporteur selection. Qualitative insights from practitioner interviews and a quantitative analysis of shadow rapporteur data from the 7th European Parliament (2009–2014) indicate that the appointment process is primarily one of bottom-up self-selection by group members based on their policy interests. The party group leadership, in the form of group coordinators, plays an important coordinating role when there is competition for a shadow rapporteurship. However, the role of group coordinators is more akin to a third-party arbiter of competing demands than a mechanism of top-down control by the leadership, as suggested by principal-agent theory.
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Ransom, D., K. Wilson, M. Fournier, R. J. Simes, V. Gebski, D. Yip, N. Tebbutt, et al. "Final results of Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group ARCTIC study: an audit of raltitrexed for patients with cardiac toxicity induced by fluoropyrimidines." Annals of Oncology 25, no. 1 (January 2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt479.
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Wirth, A., H. M. Prince, M. Wolf, J. M. Stone, J. Matthews, J. Gibson, C. Macleod, et al. "Optimal scheduling to reduce morbidity of involved field radiotherapy with transplantation for lymphomas: A Prospective Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group Study." Bone Marrow Transplantation 35, no. 3 (November 22, 2004): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1704759.
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Adhrianti, Lisa. "Kondisi Pendahulu dan Gejala Groupthink dalam Dinamika Komunikasi Politik." Jurnal Communicate 2, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31479/jc.v2i1.71.
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Groupthink phenomenon in the context of political communication in the scope of the legislative group in the Indonesian parliament where members of multipar pol heteroge11eous background, but often resulted in cont roversial decisions<br />and unpopular. The paradigm of this research is postpositivis with a qualitative<br />approach. Methods used in this research is a case study. In general, this study<br />cm firmed that groupthink occurs in tire dynamics of political communication in the legislatiPe drnft law K I P group WL1rking Committee of Representatives Commission I 011 a process t:f discussion a11d decision-making of public bodies. Tlzere are se<'eral Ct JJ t dititms predecessor (antecedent) which prod uces some symptoms of grouptlti11k hallmark t{t!ze Indonesian parliament, namel y that the cohesion of the group is not /1ased on the fear factor or the reluctance of the figure of leaders in ilze group, lnt t lwcnuse of the presu re (:f time for completion<br />of tasks, fatigue and co1 (lict of intereM s <uith the group executive, which then<br />forces the legislatiPe group to produce n decision that can not be said to be either through a compromise measure tlta t succeeded in presenti11g a new article, namel!tl.J, 15, and 16 in tile drntt laze KIP :!OOS .
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Franks, C. E. S. "Reforming Parliamentary Democracy." Canadian Journal of Political Science 37, no. 4 (December 2004): 1019–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423904210216.
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Reforming Parliamentary Democracy, F. Leslie Seidle and David C. Docherty, eds., Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003, pp. vii, 246This book derives from a conference held by the Canadian Study of Parliament Group at which distinguished persons discussed the efforts for reform in Westminster style parliamentary democracies. Topics covered include: second chambers (the British House of Lords, South Africa); proportional representation (New Zealand); the role of the Crown (Australia); political rights and representation of aboriginal peoples (New Zealand and Canada); and federalism and devolution (Britain and Canada). An introduction and conclusion by the editors, and a useful chapter by Jennifer Smith on reform of the Canadian Parliament complete the book.
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Tornstam, Lars. "The Complexity of Ageism. A Proposed Typology." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 1, no. 1 (June 20, 2006): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.061143.
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Comparing data from a contemporary (2002) study and a study from 1984, it was found that, now as then, people display seemingly contradictory constellations of attitudes toward old people. Large proportions of respondents, now as then, advocate more influence and space for the 65+ group, at the same time as many feel that no one in the parliament should be above the age of 65. This contradiction becomes intelligible when the conceptions of and behavioral dispositions toward old people are combined in a new proposed typology of ageism, which is the result of a study conducted in 2002 and reported in this article. This new typology includes the Pitying Positive, the No Fuzz, the Consistently Negative and the Consistently Positive. These types are empirically described, and use of the typology is exemplified by focusing on ageist attitudes toward parliament membership.
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Kong, Fanrong, Diana Martin, Gregory James, and Gwendolyn L. Gilbert. "Towards a genotyping system for Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus): use of mobile genetic elements in Australasian invasive isolates." Journal of Medical Microbiology 52, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05067-0.
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This study forms part of the development of an integrated genotyping system for Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) that can be used to study the population genetics of the organism and the pathogenesis and epidemiology of GBS disease. In recent previous studies, two sets of markers, the capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) gene cluster and surface protein antigen genes, have been used to assign molecular serotypes (MS) and protein-gene profiles (PGP) to more than 200 isolates. In the present study, five mobile genetic elements (MGE) have been used as a third set of markers, to characterize further 194 invasive isolates, recovered from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Of these, 97 % contained one or more of the five MGE, the distribution of which was related to MS and PGP, as illustrated by MS III, which is divisible into four serosubtypes with different combinations of the MGE (or none). Fifty-six different genotypes and eight genetic clusters were identified, each with different combinations of the three sets of molecular markers. Five predominant genotypes (Ia-1, Ib-1, III-1, III-2 and V-1) contained 62 % of the isolates and five of the eight genetic clusters contained 92 % of the isolates. The 17 CSF isolates were relatively widely distributed between 10 genotypes and across seven of the eight clusters. Further study is needed to determine whether these genotypes or clusters share common markers of increased virulence. In future, comparison of invasive with colonizing strains of GBS may elucidate the significance of these findings.
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Sarivaara, Erika Katjaana, and Satu Uusiautti. "Taking Care of the Ancestral Language." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v6i1.107.
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Non-status Sámi are defined as a group of people who are of Sámi descent, but they do not have official Sámi status. The term ‘non-status’ means that they lack the official status of Sámi people because they do not fulfill the criteria of Sáminess, as defined by the Finnish law of the Sámi Parliament, and thus do not belong to the electoral register of the Sámi Parliament. Some of the Non-status Sámi have revitalised the Sámi language and started to use it actively; this was the target group of this study. In this study, ten Non-status Sámi’s narratives were obtained through interviews. The Sámi-speaking Non-status Sámi were divided into two types according to how they locate themselves in Sámi society: (1) conscious Non-status Sámi; and (2) integrative Non-Status Sámi. According to the findings, Sámi-speaking Non-status Sámi identities and locations within the Sámi society are diverse. The study contributes to the discussion of decolonisation a new perspective from Indigenous people who have consciously started to revitalise Indigenous language and culture. Furthermore, the study shows the multidimensional nature of Indigenous identity and sheds light on marginalities in Indigenous communities.
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Papavero, Licia C., and Francesco Zucchini. "Gender and party cohesion in the Italian parliament: a spatial analysis." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 48, no. 2 (December 17, 2017): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2017.26.
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Studies on female legislative behavior suggest that women parliamentarians may challenge party cohesion by allying across party lines. In this paper we analyze a specific parliamentary activity – bill co-sponsorship – in the Italian lower Chamber, between 1979 and 2016, as a source of information about MPs’ original preferences to study how gender affects party cohesion. Do women form a separated group in the Italian parliament? On average, are they more or less distant from the center of their parties than men? Does gender affect systematically party cohesion? A principal component analysis of co-sponsorship data allows us to identify the ideal points of all MPs in a multidimensional space for each legislature. Based on these data we estimate the impact of gender on party cohesion at the individual level while controlling for the impact of several other variables of different kind (individual, partisan, and institutional). We find that: (1) on average, women show lower cohesion as a group inside different parties and higher party cohesion than men; (2) the influence of gender on party cohesion is not conditional upon individual characteristics, upon the size and organization of parliamentary parties, and upon the share of women in their parliamentary groups; (3) the different behavior of women MPs may depend on the different patterns of recruitment in the parties.
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Polat, Ferihan, and Özlem Özdeşim Subay. "The Use of Twitter by Politicians During June 2015 and November 2015 General Elections the Case of PDP." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p361-368.
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Nowadays, one of the mechanisms used by politicians in order to reach mass over is social media with the development of information and communication technologies. In this sense, as a free social media tool, Twitter, is one of the most used social media websites with the features of diffusion of thoughts directly on Internet and easy accessibility. This study evaluates that how and for what purposes Twitter is used by the candidates of Peoples' Democratic Party during the June 2015 and November 2015 General Elections in Turkey. For this aim, Twitter accounts of two co-chairman of PDP Selahattin Demirtaş and Figen Yüksekdağ; Deputy Chairman of Parliamentary Group of PDP Pervin Buldan; Parliament Vice President of Group of PDP İdris Baluken and Administrative Authority of Parliament of PDP Sırrı Süreyya Önder are analyzed during two election times in one month period. As a result of this study, during two election times, differentiation of political language, decrease of peace rhetoric and hardening of opposite language as a parallel of the development of armed conflict in this period are observed in candidates of PDP which claims of being the party of Turkey peoples
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Qadeer, Ayyaz, and Wasima Shehzad. "Language and Power Nexus: A Critical Study of Pakistani Political Discourse." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n2p207.
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The present study presents a critical view of the speech delivered on May 09, 2011 by the prime-minister of Pakistan, Yousuf Raza Gillani. Following the language of the political discourse, this speech is delivered in the parliament house in front of the speaker, but is meant for the masses. The position of the speaker remains uniform as the questions are asked in the end alone. However, the speech is meant for both the addressee present at the time of the speech, and the assumed masses. It was found out the pronouns we, our, were constantly used to shift the responsibility on Al-Qaida whereas “I” was used for authority in order to digress the discussion from the topic. The pronouns and the vocabulary together establish the in-group or out-group category. The solidarity is shown towards the masses to get their support and defense is shown towards the allies who are accusing the government of fraud and nefarious ploy. Mystification is performed at a number of places to hide truth and claim the truth alternatively.
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Bressanelli, Edoardo, and Margherita de Candia. "Love, convenience, or respectability? Understanding the alliances of the Five Star Movement in the European Parliament." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 49, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2018.5.
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The Five Star Movement (M5S) formed the Eurosceptic Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy Group when it first elected its members in the European Parliament (EP) in 2014. Two and a half years later, the M5S sought, without success, to leave the Eurosceptics and join the Liberal group. This attempted a change of transnational affiliation is puzzling: why has the M5S tried to leave the Eurosceptic group to ally with the most Europhile group in the EP? How could this U-turn be explained? Relying on several different data – the EUANDI party data set, official EP data, and original interviews with members of the EP – this article provides a systematic answer to these questions. We test three general hypotheses on group membership in the EP, using the M5S as a case study. We show that neither policy congruence nor the pursuit of office fully explains the M5S’s observed or attempted alliances. We suggest, instead, that ‘domestic politics’ is the key driver of the M5S’s behaviour in the EP. Political group membership is functional to the Movement’s strategic objectives at home. This article shows that national-level explanations of transnational affiliation need to be given more consideration, and highlights the ‘second-order’ importance of the EU arena with respect to ‘first-order’ national strategic objectives.
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Tremblay, Manon. "Do Female MPs Substantively Represent Women? A Study of Legislative Behaviour in Canada's 35th Parliament." Canadian Journal of Political Science 31, no. 3 (September 1998): 435–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900009082.
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AbstractThis article outlines the pattern of women's participation in the Canadian parliamentary system. The question of interest is whether female members of the House of Commons make a difference in politics and, notably, if they substantively represent women. The basic underlying hypothesis is that women in the Canadian House of Commons make a difference, that is to say, they substantively represent women. However, the impact of women in politics is limited: they do indeed make a difference, but not a drastic one. In this sense, women try to shape the legislative agenda and the legislative discourse in order to promote women's issues more than do men, but their activity in favour of women's concerns remains quite limited from a numerical point of view. To achieve effective results in this study, two methods were employed: a survey given to members of the 35th Canadian Parliament, and a content analysis of the Hansard Index of the House of Commons. Overall, the results presented here provide some support for the substantive argument. On the question of whether women members of the House of Commons make a difference in politics, and, significantly, if they substantively represent women, the answer is generally positive, although it is necessary to qualify this response. Both female and male MPs speak and act to support women's issues in the House of Commons, but these activities remain quantitatively marginal. However, on each aspect considered, the group of female MPs were proportionately more involved in women's issues than their male counterparts.
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Levi, J. A., D. Raghavan, V. Harvey, D. Thompson, T. Sandeman, G. Gill, R. Stuart-Harris, R. Snyder, M. Byrne, and Z. Kerestes. "The importance of bleomycin in combination chemotherapy for good-prognosis germ cell carcinoma. Australasian Germ Cell Trial Group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 11, no. 7 (July 1993): 1300–1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1993.11.7.1300.
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PURPOSE In an effort to maintain the excellent long-term results achieved with combination chemotherapy for good-prognosis germ cell carcinoma, but to reduce the toxicities encountered, a randomized trial was conducted comparing cisplatin and vinblastine with or without bleomycin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred eighteen assessable patients with a good prognosis were randomized to receive induction chemotherapy with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) day 1 and vinblastine 6 mg/m2 IV days 1 and 2 every 3 weeks (PV) with or without bleomycin 30 mg intramuscularly (IM) weekly (PVB) for a maximum of 12 weeks. Once maximum response was achieved, patients with a complete remission (CR) received two courses of consolidation chemotherapy, while those with residual abnormalities and normal tumor markers underwent surgical resection whenever possible. RESULTS Toxicities encountered in this study were clearly greater for those patients who received bleomycin, with significantly more leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, alopecia, and renal and pulmonary toxicities. The proportion of patients who achieved CR and had no evidence of disease (resection of all viable malignancy) was 89% for PV and 94% for PVB (P = .29). After a minimum of 4 years of follow-up, relapses have occurred in 7% of patients who received PV and 5% who received PVB. A total of five patients on each therapy arm were successfully treated with further salvage chemotherapy and surgery. Thus, deaths from progressive malignancy have occurred in 15% of patients on PV and 5% on PVB (P = .02), a rate that was partly offset by the higher proportion of toxic deaths with PVB (P = .06). CONCLUSION Despite the toxicities encountered with bleomycin in cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy for these patients, complete deletion of this drug compromises therapeutic efficacy.
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Ransom, David, Kate Wilson, Sarwan K. Bishnoi, John Simes, Desmond Yip, Christos Stelios Karapetis, Val Gebski, et al. "Results of Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG) Arctic study: An international audit of raltitrexed for patients with cardiac toxicity induced by fluoropyrimidines (FP)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e13007-e13007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e13007.
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e13007 Background: Cardiac toxicity (CT) is an uncommon but potentially fatal side effect of FP. The incidence of further CT if the same chemotherapy is continued is reported to be 20% (Jensen SA et al. Risk factors and prevention of cardiac toxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine. Cancer Chemotherapy & Pharm. 58:487-93, 2006). Management of these patients remains poorly defined. Treatment options include continuing same dose and schedule of FP, adding a nitrate and calcium antagonist; switching to bolus FP; or substituting with raltitrexed. Previous publications of patients experiencing CT and switching FP to raltitrexed are limited to case reports. Methods: AGITG & OCTO (Oncology Clinical Trials Office – Oxford) members identified patients who had CT from FP, and were subsequently switched to raltitrexed. CT included angina, myocardial infarct (MI) or arrhythmia. A coronary angiogram was not mandatory. Results: 38 patients were included in clinical audit. Cancer diagnoses included colorectal (35pts), cervix (1), oesophageal (1) and ampullary carcinoma (1). Median age - 61 years (range 36-81). 24 patients (63%) were male. Median number of cycles prior to switching to raltitrexed was 2 (range 1-11). FP regimens included FOLFOX, CAPOX, continuous infusion 5FU, capecitabine alone. 35 patients had angina, 6 MI, and 1 arrhythmia with some patients experiencing >1 event at that time. 7 patients experienced two separate CT events, and 2 had three events prior to switching to raltitrexed. Following CT 8 patients received raltitrexed alone, 29 received raltitrexed in combination with other agents or radiotherapy and one received raltitrexed alone followed by combination. Median number of raltitrexed cycles was 5 (range 1-21). After switching to raltitrexed 2 patients experienced another cardiac event (5.3%, 95% CI:1.5-17.3), significantly different from 20% (p=0.023), the reported rate of cardiac toxicity due to continuing FP. Conclusions: For patients who experience CT from FP switching to raltitrexed is an option with the rate of additional cardiac events lower than previously reported for continuing same FP.
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Pavlakis, Nick, David Goldstein, Katrin Marie Sjoquist, Andrew Martin, Eric Tsobanis, Sonia Yip, Jenny Shannon, et al. "INTEGRATE: A randomized phase II double-blind placebo-controlled study of regorafenib in refractory advanced esophagogastric cancer (AOGC)—A study by the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): TPS4157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.tps4157.
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TPS4157 Background: Advanced Oesophago-Gastric Carcinoma (AOGC) has a poor prognosis, and there is no established standard treatment following failure of first or second line chemotherapy (CT). Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506)(REG) is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor which targets kinases involved in angiogenesis (VEGFR1-3, TIE-2), tumor microenvironment (PDGFR-β, FGFR), and oncogenesis (RAF, RET and KIT), and has shown activity in other solid tumours. Following promising results in colon cancer and GIST, this study will determine if regorafenib has sufficient activity and safety to warrant further evaluation in a phase III trial as a second or third line therapy for AOGC. Methods: International (Australia & New Zealand (ANZ); Canada (NCIC CTG), Korea) randomised phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 2:1 (REG:placebo) randomisation and stratification by: (1) Lines of prior chemotherapy for advanced disease (1 vs. 2). (2) Geographic region. Eligible patients with histological confirmation of OGC, with measurable metastatic or locally advanced disease that is refractory to, or relapsed following, first or second line CT, will receive best supportive care plus 160mg REG or matching placebo orally on days 1-21 of each 28 day treatment cycle until disease progression or prohibitive adverse events. Primary endpoint is progression free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints: PFS by baseline VEGF, response rate, overall survival, safety, quality of life and exploratory plasma angiogenesis and tissue growth factor biomarkers. 150 patients will be randomized in a 2:1 (REG:PBO) ratio. This will provide 90% power to detect a PFS rate at 2 months in the REG arm ≥ 66% versus < 50%. If 16 of 33 (evaluable) REG participants have progressed by 2 months, then the study will be reassessed or stopped. Results: As of January 2013, 19 of 29 planned ANZ sites are open, with 10 patients enrolled. Regulatory approval has been received for 16 sites in Canada and 7 sites in Korea. 4 Korean sites have received ethics approval with recruitment expected to commence in early April 2013. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12612000239864.
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POPOVA, AKSANA. "PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF THE PARLIAMENT AS A POLITICAL INSTITUTE." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-4-22-31.
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The article examines the issues of parliament as a political institution, the main purpose of which is the development and adoption of laws in the interests of the population and the state. At the same time, in addition to law-making, the parliament also performs other equally important functions, among which are representative, control and organizational. It should be noted that the representative function is a priority, because, firstly, it is implemented both through the legislative sphere and through other aspects of the parliament; secondly, representative powers compel us to consider the activity of parliament as a way to realize the collective right of the people to power; thirdly, representation as the central function of the parliament should be ensured in the daily activities of the latter and express the interests of the majority in society, and not just the parliamentary majority itself. The purpose of the study is to analyze scientific research materials and legal regulation of the parliament as the bearer of the supreme legislative power. It should be noted that the fundamental place of representative power is determined by the normative consolidation of the leading role of parliament, where representation is implemented in a very complicated legislative procedure, which is aimed at working out a compromise solution and is due to the removal of social tension and the legitimization of the state apparatus. At the same time, parliamentary law can be considered as a sufficiently formed and dynamically developing branch of law, which does not contradict its characterization as a sub-branch of constitutional law. Parliamentary law, along with suffrage and constitutional procedural law, develops in the fundamental system of constitutional law, and is one of its largest entities. At the same time, parliamentary law can be considered as a sufficiently formed and dynamically developing branch of law, which does not contradict its characterization as a sub-branch of constitutional law. Parliamentary law, along with suffrage and constitutional procedural law, develops in the fundamental system of constitutional law, and is one of its largest entities. Based on the research, the author comes to the conclusion that parliament as a political institution in Russia is one of the instruments for implementing the modern principles of a democratic rule of law with a federal structure and a republican form of government. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation has real means to avoid concentration or usurpation of power in the hands of one body, group of persons or one person. These tools include both the general principles of the Federal Assembly (separation of powers, openness, legality, collegiality, etc.), and direct rights, duties of the houses of parliament (legislative, representative, control).
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Tebbutt, Niall C., Kate Wilson, Val J. Gebski, Michelle M. Cummins, Diana Zannino, Guy A. van Hazel, Bridget Robinson, et al. "Capecitabine, Bevacizumab, and Mitomycin in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results of the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group Randomized Phase III MAX Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 19 (July 1, 2010): 3191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.7723.
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Purpose To determine whether adding bevacizumab, with or without mitomycin, to capecitabine monotherapy improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in an open-label, three-arm randomized trial. Patients and Methods Overall, 471 patients in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom with previously untreated, unresectable mCRC were randomly assigned to the following: capecitabine; capecitabine plus bevacizumab (CB); or capecitabine, bevacizumab, and mitomycin (CBM). We compared CB with capecitabine and CBM with capecitabine for progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), toxicity, response rate (RR), and quality of life (QOL). Results Median PFS was 5.7 months for capecitabine, 8.5 months for CB, and 8.4 months for CBM (capecitabine v CB: hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.79; P < .001; C v CBM: HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.75; P < .001). After a median follow-up of 31 months, median OS was 18.9 months for capecitabine and was 16.4 months for CBM; these data were not significantly different. Toxicity rates were acceptable, and all treatment regimens well tolerated. Bevacizumab toxicities were similar to those in previous studies. Measures of overall QOL were similar in all groups. Conclusion Adding bevacizumab to capecitabine, with or without mitomycin, significantly improves PFS without major additional toxicity or impairment of QOL.
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Weber, Xénia A., and Alexander N. Schmidt-Lebuhn. "Generic boundaries of Leucochrysum and Waitzia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)." Australian Systematic Botany 28, no. 4 (2015): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb15017.
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The Australasian clade of Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) is an ecologically diverse group of species whose generic limits and phylogenetic relationships are still partly unresolved. Previous studies including hybridisation trials, morphological characterisation and preliminary phylogenetic analyses within the Gnaphalieae have suggested that two genera, namely, Waitzia and Leucochrysum, require further investigation into their generic boundaries. To explore the phylogenetic relationships of both genera, the present study used a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. The character traits of herbarium specimens from 14 species and six infraspecific taxa of Waitzia, Leucochrysum and Anemocarpa were examined. Chloroplast (psbA–trnH) and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences were generated for phylogenetic analysis. Our findings support Waitzia in its current circumscription as a monophyletic group, whereas Leucochrysum was found to be polyphyletic. Leucochrysum fitzgibbonii was found to be the sister group of Waitzia and shares characters of the involucral bracts, indumentum and growth habit with that genus. The species is formally transferred to the genus Waitzia as W. fitzgibbonii.
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Webster, Susan M., and Meredith Temple-Smith. "Children and young people in out-of-home care: are GPs ready and willing to provide comprehensive health assessments for this vulnerable group?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 16, no. 4 (2010): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10019.
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Children living in out-of-home care because of abuse or neglect are among the most vulnerable in Australia. In 2005 the Royal Australasian College of Physicians highlighted the need for increased attention to the health of such children and recommended regular health assessment. This qualitative study explored the views of a purposive sample of 20 GPs about what would influence GP willingness and readiness to undertake comprehensive health assessments for children entering out-of-home care. Ethical concerns, training, professional development needs, medico-legal issues, workforce and financial pressures and communication problems with the child protection sector were among key factors identified. Professional values about continuity of health care for children emerged as a new issue with important policy implications. This is the first in-depth study in Australia of GP perspectives about systematic health assessments for children in child protection and sheds new light on the low GP uptake of such assessments for at-risk population groups.
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Kumar, Manoj, and Ronita Sharma. "Legislating Right, Contemplating Duty: Parliamentary Debate on RTE Second Amendment Bill." Journal of Human Values 27, no. 3 (September 2021): 204–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09716858211025329.
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The study is an attempt to understand the prevailing discourse in India on education as a right by closely reading the parliamentary debates on The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (Second Amendment) Bill, 2017. Prior to the passing of the above-mentioned amendment bill The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 had debarred schools from detaining or expelling a child till the completion of her elementary education. This provision was amended by the Indian Parliament by passing the bill. When the bill was moved in the Indian parliament it generated debate on the various aspects of education and schooling. The study critically analyses the texts of two proceedings of the parliamentary debate: one from the lower house (Lok Sabha) and the other from the upper house (Rajya Sabha). The study concludes that the deliberation on the bill turned the right-based approach on elementary education almost upside down. The 86th amendment in the Indian constitution and subsequent enactment of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 had recognized children in the age group of 6–14 years as ‘right holders’ while the Indian state had been identified as the ‘duty bearer’. The discourse emerged in the Indian Parliament during the debate on the Amendment Bill, 2017 constituted Indian children of school-going age, their parents and teachers as groups accountable to the state for achieving the goals for universal elementary education, while the Indian state was constituted as an entity with the right to demand compliances from children, parents and teachers.
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Deng, Ke, Xin Zhang, Ying Liu, Gai Ping Cheng, Hong Ping Zhang, Ting Wang, Lei Wang, Wei Min Li, Gang Wang, and Lisa Wood. "Visceral obesity is associated with clinical and inflammatory features of asthma: A prospective cohort study." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 41, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.200054.
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Background: Although studies have consistently linked obesity and asthma, the potential influence of visceral obesity on asthma has not been well investigated. Objective: To study the associations of visceral fat area (VFA) and clinical and inflammatory features of asthma and to further explore the effects of VFA on the future risk of asthma exacerbation. Methods: A 12-month prospective cohort study based on the Australasian Severe Asthma Network was designed to observe patients with stable asthma grouped by the median value of VFA. The clinical and inflammatory features of asthma were compared between the low VFA (VFAlow) and high VFA (VFAhigh) groups. Relationships between VFA and clinical and inflammatory features of asthma were analyzed by using correlation analysis. Univariate and multivariable negative binomial regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of VFA with exacerbations within a 12-month follow-up period. Results: The patients in the VFAhigh group were older and had a longer asthma duration. Interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-8 in sputum were higher, whereas fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophils were lower in the VFAhigh group. Gender-differentiated correlations of VFA with clinical and inflammatory variables were observed in age, FeNO, immunoglobulin E, blood total white cells and neutrophils, and sputum IL-1β and IL-8. Furthermore, compared with the VFAlow group, the VFAhigh group was at significantly increased risk of moderate-to-severe exacerbations (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.55 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.06‐2.28; p = 0.025), severe exacerbations (adjusted IRR 2.25 [95% CI, 1.26‐4.04]; p = 0.007), and emergency visits (adjusted IRR 5.33 [95% CI, 1.78‐17.16]; p = 0.003). Conclusion: The level of VFA was associated with specific clinical and inflammatory characteristics of asthma. Furthermore, VFA, as an independent risk factor, was associated with an increased risk of exacerbations. It indicated that VFA would provide more potential clinical implications for asthma management.
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Pavlakis, Nick, Katrin Marie Sjoquist, Eric Tsobanis, Andrew Martin, Yoon-Koo Kang, Yung-Jue Bang, Christopher J. O'Callaghan, et al. "INTEGRATE: A randomized phase II double-blind placebo-controlled study of regorafenib in refractory advanced oesophagogastric cancer (AOGC)—A study by the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG), first results." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.9.
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9 Background: Advanced Oesophago-Gastric Carcinoma (AOGC) has limited options following failure of first or second line chemotherapy (CT). Regorafenib (REG) is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor of kinases involved in angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment, and oncogenesis. This study examined whether REG has sufficient activity and safety for further evaluation. Methods: International (Australia & New Zealand (ANZ), Korea, Canada (NCIC CTG)) randomised phase II trial with 2:1 randomisation and stratification by: (1) Lines of prior CT for advanced disease (1 vs. 2) and (2) Region. Eligible patients received best supportive care plus 160mg REG or matching PBO orally on days 1-21 each 28-day cycle until disease progression or prohibitive adverse events. Primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS) in the REG arm, assuming median 8 weeks (wks) in PBO arm, aiming for 13.2 wks with REG to be of interest. Results: From Nov 2012 to Feb 2014, 152 patients were enrolled, 147 evaluable [pre-specified primary analysis population]: (REG n=97: PBO n=50); well matched for key baseline prognostic indicators; male:female (118:29); primary location: OG Junction (56), stomach (85); lines of prior therapy: 1 (63), 2 (84); ECOG 0 (62): 1 (85). Time on treatment: Median: 7.9 (REG) v 4 (PBO) wks. In the evaluable population median PFS was 11.1 wks (95% CI: 7.7 - 12.3) (REG) and 3.9 wks (95% CI: 3.7 - 4.0) (PBO), log-rank p <0.0001; HR 0.41 (95% CI: 0.28 to 0.59). PFS results were maintained for secondary analysis including all randomized patients (n = 152). REG was well tolerated, with the spectrum of toxicity in keeping with previous reports. Conclusions: PFS was clearly significantly longer with REG than PBO, though PBO PFS was less than anticipated. The pre-specified exploratory comparisons provide compelling evidence that REG has sufficient activity with acceptable tolerability in refractory AOGC to warrant phase III evaluation. Mature OS results will be presented at the meeting. Clinical trial information: 12612000239864.
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Price, T., K. Wilson, R. J. Simes, D. Yip, C. S. Karapetis, N. C. Tebbutt, V. Gebski, M. Fournier, D. R. Ferry, and D. Ransom. "Final Results of Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG) Arctic Study: AN International Audit of Raltitrexed for Patients with Cardiac Toxicity Induced by Fluoropyrimidines (FP)." Annals of Oncology 23 (September 2012): ix178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33085-4.
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Robertson, Sadie, Gordon Parker, Simon Byrne, and Murray Wright. "An Exploration of the Quality of Peer Review Group Activities within Australasia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 5 (October 1996): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609062662.
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Objective: To describe a two-phase study of the structure of Australasian psychiatrist peer review groups. Method (Phase one): Initially, information was sought from chairskoordinators of psychiatrist peer review groups regarding the nature and organisation of their group. Results (Phase one): One hundred and three questionnaires were returned describing a number of models of peer review. Three principal models were identified: a teaching hospital model, a private practice model, and a private institution model. Method (Phase two): The second-phase questionnaire sought information on the quality of the review, using six proposed standards developed by the Quality Assurance Committee of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Results (Phase two): Many groups indicated that four of the proposed standards (those relating to documentation, having clear goals, reviewing actual clinical cases, and rigorous protection of confidentiality) were either already being followed or would be relatively easy to implement. The remaining two proposed standards (including structure, process and outcome dimensions of health care in the case discussion, and the use of explicit criteria) presented more difficulty. Conclusion: The application of such standards to peer review group meetings should assist groups to provide a forum for presentation and evaluation of clinical work where participants know they will be challenged in an environment which is both supportive and educational.
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Swann, Christine A., Steven J. B. Cooper, and William G. Breed. "Molecular evolution of the carboxy terminal region of the zona pellucida 3 glycoprotein in murine rodents." Reproduction 133, no. 4 (April 2007): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0043.
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In mammals, before fertilization can occur, sperm have to bind to, and penetrate, the zona pellucida (ZP). In the laboratory mouse, which has been used as a model system for fertilization studies, sperm–ZP binding has been found to be mediated by a region at the carboxy terminal, encoded by exon 7 of theZp3gene. This region shows considerable interspecific sequence diversity with some evidence of adaptive evolution in mammals, suggesting that it may contribute to species-specific sperm–ZP binding. However, in a previous study of sequence diversity of ZP3 of three species of Australian murine rodents, we found an identical protein sequence of the region encoded by exon 7. Here, we expand this earlier study to determine the sequence diversity of this region in 68 out of the 130 species of Australasian murine rodents. Maximum likelihood analyses, using representatives of both New Guinean and Australian taxa, provide evidence of positive selection at three codons adjacent to, or within, the putative combining-site for sperm of ZP3, but this was not evident when the analysis was restricted to the Australian taxa. The latter group showed low levels of both intra- and inter-generic sequence divergences in the region encoded by exon 7 of Zp3, with little evidence that this region contributes to species specificity of sperm–ZP binding. These findings suggest that the selective forces acting on theZp3exon 7 region during the evolution of the Australasian murine rodents have been variable, and that positive selection has only occurred in a few lineages.
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Rao, Rahul, Ioannis Bakolis, Jayati Das-Munshi, Daniel Poulter, Nicole Votruba, and Graham Thornicroft. "Alcohol consumption of UK members of parliament: cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e034929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034929.
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ObjectivesThis study examined the prevalence of risky drinking by members of parliament (MPs), as well as the relationship between risky drinking and age, years spent as an MP, working outside parliament, awareness of the Parliamentary Health and Wellbeing Service, and probable mental ill health.DesignA survey questionnaire assessed alcohol consumption using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Risky drinking was identified by combining categories of increasing (hazardous), higher (harmful) and probable dependent drinking for those with a total score of 8 or more. Comparator groups from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) were used as controls.SettingUK House of Commons.Participants650 MPs.ResultsCompared with all 650 MPs, participants (n=146) were more likely to be female (p<0.05) or have an educational qualification (p<0.05). Weighted proportions on AUDIT items were higher than the APMS comparator group for participants who had a drink four or more times a week, 10 or more drinks on a typical drinking day, six or more drinks in one occasion, or felt guilty because of drinking (p<0.01). Weighted percentages for risky drinking were higher in MPs compared with the whole English population (p<0.05), but similar when compared with socioeconomic comparator groups. The odds of risky drinking were 2.74 times greater for MPs who had an additional work role outside parliament compared with those who did not (95% CI 0.98 to 7.65) and 2.4 times greater for MPs with probable mental ill health compared with those with no evidence of probable mental ill health (95% CI 0.78 to 7.43).ConclusionsA low level of awareness of the Parliamentary Health and Wellbeing Service has implications for improving the detection of risky drinking and improving access to this service by MPs. Possible increased likelihood of risky drinking in MPs who also had an additional work role outside Parliament and among those with probable mental ill health requires further exploration.
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Van Glabbeke, Martine, Jaap Verweij, Paolo G. Casali, Axel Le Cesne, Peter Hohenberger, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Marcus Schlemmer, et al. "Initial and Late Resistance to Imatinib in Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Are Predicted by Different Prognostic Factors: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Italian Sarcoma Group–Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 24 (August 20, 2005): 5795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.11.601.
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Purpose The aim of this study was to identify factors predicting initial and late resistance of GI stromal tumor (GIST) patients to imatinib and to document the dose-response relationship in the prognostic subgroups. This study is based on the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Italian Sarcoma Group–Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group randomized trial comparing two doses of imatinib in advanced disease. Patients and Methods Initial resistance was defined as progression within 3 months of randomization, and late resistance was defined as progression beyond 3 months. Investigated cofactors include imatinib dose, age, sex, performance status, original disease site, site and size of lesions at trial entry, and baseline hematologic and biologic parameters. Results Initial resistance was recorded for 116 (12%) of 934 assessable patients and was independently predicted by the presence of lung and absence of liver metastases, low hemoglobin level, and high granulocyte count. Among 818 patients who were alive and progression free at 3 months, 347 subsequent progressions were recorded, and late resistance was independently predicted by high baseline granulocyte count, primary tumor outside of the stomach, large tumor size, and low initial imatinib dose. The impact of initial dose on late resistance was mainly significant in patients with a high baseline granulocyte count (> 5.109/L) and in patients with tumors of GI origin outside of the stomach and small intestine. Conclusion Our study identifies patients for whom initial and/or long-term treatment needs to be improved and patients who require a high initial dose. Correlation of these results with immunohistochemistry and molecular parameters may further help to understand the biologic mechanisms of resistance.
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Galtrud, Åse Garten, and Katriina Byström. "Information-rich, but time-poor." Journal of Documentation 76, no. 2 (October 17, 2019): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-03-2019-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse how elite politicians in opposition in the Norwegian parliament use information when responding to government propositions and investigate if Chatman’s small world conception can explain the socially and economically highly privileged groups’ approach to information. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative analysis of the data consisting of eight interviews with seven members of parliament (MPs) and one political advisor is based on a selective coding grounded to Chatman’s six propositions on life in the round. Findings The overall findings indicate that elite politicians’ information practices concentrate in mastering the flow of information and admitting attention selectively, but on broad topics. Whereas MPs information practices within an intentional approach (i.e. to be used in political responses and debates) aligned with the small world idea, the nebulous approach (i.e. keeping updated on societal issues) breaks the boundaries of their “small worlds”. Originality/value The study provides a glimpse into information practises of a little studied group, elite politicians. Moreover, it applies Chatman’s conception of small world in a novel manner.