Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs'

This Thesis is a study of the communication process through which prospective migrants became informed about life in Australia. It is addressed particularly to migration from Italy, where data was obtained during the period 1979 to 1981. The Study focusses upon the communication of information from official sources, namely the government, as represented by the Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs. Given the basic premise that appropriate information is an important aid to settlement, the proposal is made that problems can arise in the communication of that information. Various solutions to problems of settlement have been sought and applied since the inception of Australia's post-war immigration program. While the period since 1977 has witnessed an increasing attention to the provision of post-arrival services for migrants, it is suggested that there has been little change in the provision of information overseas which might assist prospective migrants in the critical pre-migration period. The Thesis sets out an historical overview of the problem: a study of the principal participants in the present day context, a report of the research undertaken in Italy to examine both the communication process and the information needs of prospective migrants, and an analysis of the data based upon the application of communication theory. The Study revealed that certain topics, for which prospective migrants had expressed an information need, were not covered in pre-migration counselling sessions. Information on other topics reflected the orientation of the government, as communication source, and the migration officer as transmitter, and were not within the frame of reference of the applicants as receivers of the communication. Lack of mutuality regarding the purposes of information transfer, and the differing attitudes and perceptions of the participants in the communication process, created problems. The Study found that prospective migrants presented at different stages of readiness to receive information, and that assumptions were made regarding the information needs of Italian applicants which failed to take into account the fact that conditions have changed within Italy. Group counselling was initially successful, from a communication point of view, as a two-way process, but its unexpected outcome was decreased efficiency which conflicted with institutional objectives. If the communication of information is accepted as an important aid to settlement, the application of educational principles (which should improve both the communication process and the information conveyed) would lead to improved chances for settlement, with benefit to prospective migrants, the government, and the receiving society.

This study traces the career of Robert Francis Kelley and his influence on American-Russian Relations during the nonrecognition period (1917-1933). The focus of this examination is Kelley's role in formulating, implementing, and sustaining America's anti-communist policy developed and solidified during the 1920s and 1930s. Particular attention is given to the senate recognition hearing of 1924, Kelley's training of future diplomats (George Kennan, Charles Bohlen, et al.), and his contributions to the preparations leading to the United States' recognition of Russia in 1933. Using Kelley's papers and personal correspondence, this study shows the growth of a man and the evolution of a policy.

The aim of this research project is to conduct an evaluation on the implementation of gender mainstreaming in South African government departments, with specific reference to the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (DoJ&CD) and the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA). The research project is based on the hypothesis that despite the existence of a National Gender Machinery, Gender Focal Points (GFPs) face numerous challenges in implementing gender mainstreaming, due to various internal and external factors. Based on the two case studies, the research project concludes that despite a strong commitment from government, GFPs still face challenges in effectively implementing gender mainstreaming. This is due to a lack of accountability, an understanding of the concept of gender mainstreaming, as well as a lack of resources. Furthermore, systemic weaknesses within the National Gender Machinery are exacerbating the challenges faced GFP

This paper seeks to determine under what conditions a U.S. president can implement a grand strategy given the nature of domestic and international opportunities and constraints. It will examine three comparative case studies: Jimmy Carter, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama, with the goal of determining what conditions are necessary at the individual, domestic, and systemic levels of analysis for grand strategy implementation. At the individual level, it will apply operational code analysis, as well as an examination of personal characteristics for each case study. At the domestic level, it will apply a five-prong test for examining factors that are key to grand strategy implementation: (1) unity of foreign policy team; (2) strength of presidency; (3) party alignment between Congress and the president; (4) public opinion; and (5) strength of domestic economy. At the systemic level, it will examine significant events faced by each president that tested whether his grand strategy could respond effectively to international imperatives. Ultimately, it will assess the success of each president's attempt at grand strategy implementation based on: (1) how closely U.S. policies aligned with his grand strategy; and (2) whether policies put in place that aligned with his grand strategy improved the global standing of the U.S. Through this analysis, it will assess the larger implications of having a grand strategy on U.S. foreign policy.

This study investigates information literacy and scholarly communication within the processes of doctoral research and supervision at a distance. Both doctoral candidates and supervisors acknowledge information literacy deficiencies and it is suggested that disintermediation and the proliferation of information may contribute to those deficiencies. Further to this, the influence of pedagogic continuity—particularly in relation to the information seeking behaviour of candidates—is investigated, as is the concomitant aspect of how doctoral researchers practise scholarly communication. The well-documented and enduring problem for candidates of isolation from the research cultures of their universities is also scrutinised. The contentious issue of more formally involving librarians in the doctoral process is also considered, from the perspective of candidates and supervisors. Superimposed upon these topical and timely issues is the theoretical framework of adult learning theory, in particular the tenets of andragogy. The pedagogical-andragogical orientation of candidates and supervisors is established, demonstrating both the differences and similarities between candidates and supervisors, as are a number of independent variables, including a comparison of on-campus and off-campus candidates. Other independent variables include age, gender, DETYA (Department of Education, Training & Youth Affairs) category, enrolment type, stage of candidature, employment and status, type of doctorate, and English/non-English speaking background. The research methodology uses qualitative and quantitative techniques encompassing both data and methodological triangulation. The study uses two sets of questionnaires and a series of in-depth interviews with a sample of on-campus and off-campus doctoral candidates and supervisors from four Australian universities. Major findings include NESB candidates being more pedagogical than their ESB counterparts, and candidates and supervisors from the Sciences are more pedagogical than those from Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, or Education. Candidates make a transition from a more dependent and pedagogically oriented approach to learning towards more of an independent and andragogical orientation over the duration of their candidature. However, over tune both on-campus and off-campus candidates become more isolated from the research cultures of their universities, and less happy with support received from their supervisors in relation to their literature reviews. Ill The study found large discrepancies in perception between the support supervisors believed they gave to candidates in relation to the literature review, and the support candidates believed they received. Information seeking becomes easier over time, but candidates face a dilemma with the proliferation of information, suggesting that disintermediation has exacerbated the challenges of evaluation and organisation of information. The concept of pedagogic continuity was recognised by supervisors and especially candidates, both negative and positive influences. The findings are critically analysed and synthesised using the metaphor of a scholarly 'Club' of which obtaining a doctorate is a rite of passage. Recommendations are made for changes in professional practice, and topics that may warrant further research are suggested.

Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.
B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies

This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.

The process of leading and managing the worldwide network of Embassies and High Commissions within the South African Department of Foreign Affairs is extremely challenging. It requires knowledge of globalisation and the utilisation of information technology. This knowledge would enable leaders to respond more rapidly and across geographic boundaries, thereby enhancing efficiency within the Department of Foreign Affairs. The speed, accuracy and efficiency of the staff will, however, depend increasingly on leadership as a guided process, which brings out the best in subordinates, exposing their creative talents, skills and qualities that will enhance the image of South Africa, internationally. In this study, an overview of public administration will be given, as the Department of Foreign Affairs is a public institution and is governed by the normative guidelines of public administration. The theories of leadership will be outlined and evaluated. These theories date from the 1950's up to contemporary studies in leadership, which illustrates the changing patterns of leading with changing times and the utilisation of technology in task accomplishment. An overall structure of the Department of Foreign Affairs is outlined, tracing South Africa's foreign policy from the apartheid era to post 1994. The study also demonstrates the effects of changed government policy and its impact on the functioning and makeup of the Department. Theories of organisational performance and quality management, as well as the principles of "Batho Pele" zie. outlined, and their relevance to the functioning of the Department of Foreign Affairs, is given impetus. In this study, research was conducted among sixty officials of different ranks at ten different South African Missions across the world. The results of the survey indicate the dire need for leaders who understand the importance of leadership, and how their leadership styles impact on organisational efficiency and service delivery. A range of recommendations are proposed for diplomatic leaders to personally take responsibility for creating an environment where routine jobs become more meaningful, where the human spirit becomes liberated, and where people are transformed from positions of working to live to living to work!
Thesis (MPA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

This thesis examines records created through diplomatic activities and considers approaches to their archival description, using those created by the Canadian Department of External Affairs in the 1920s as a case study. The objective of the thesis is to explore the history of this record genre with a focus on how archivists can provide users with access to more authentic and meaningful diplomatic records. Chapter One will provide a broad overview history of the diplomatic genre as well as the place of such contextual knowledge about the creation and characteristics of these records. Chapter Two will introduce a key strategy that archives can implement to more effectively relay contextual knowledge to archival users through the function of description. Chapter Three will then introduce a case study, building upon the approach identified in Chapter Two, and based on Canada’s Department of External Affairs in the 1920s.

碩士
義守大學
企業管理學系
102
Job satisfaction is crucial for organization function, without job satisfaction employee will not put up their best and the company performance will not be efficient. There are many factors that affect employee’s job satisfaction, the purpose of this study is explore and investigate the factors that affect on job satisfaction in Foreign Affairs Department of Ha Giang Province (FADH). For conducting the search, this thesis applied empirical method and survey with 201 staff who are working in FADH and lower level. By using the principle component method for explorative factor analysis reality and validity were validated. The regressions are taken to examine the relationship among variables. The result indicates that payment, working conditions, reward policy and training and promotion have positives effect on employee’s job satisfaction. The results also indicate that welfare policy is not predicted employee’s job satisfaction, this result make sense since FADH is public sector. Implication of finding, limitation of research and suggestion for further study are also discussed in this study.

J.A. Lyons, Prime Minister of Australia, 1932-39, presided over twin policies of conciliation and rearmament in a search for peace. The thesis discusses his individual world-view, one chiefly constructed on principles of consensus, and analyses the foreign and defence policies of his government, thereby re-evaluating suggestions that Lyons was chiefly interested in only domestic policy.
The foreign policy of the Lyons years was primarily directed at the Asian-Pacific region, especially at Japan. It consisted of an Australian variety of ‘cunctation’, superseded by the variety of ‘appeasement’ found in the Australian Eastern Mission of 1934, arguably the first time that appeasement was applied in East Asia and the first of three significant external policy initiatives of the Lyons years. Lyons himself lobbied in favour of appeasement in the broader imperial context from 1935, recognising that it needed to be targeted at Rome and Berlin, as well as at Tokyo. Any Australian government could not apply appeasement in Europe directly, in the absence of an Australian diplomatic service, although Lyons sought to advance conciliation through ‘personal diplomacy’ in certain foreign capitals. It was not, however, until the premiership of Chamberlain, after May 1937, that London and Canberra were united in the desire for the application of ‘wider appeasement’, the policy adopted at the 1937 Imperial Conference. At this gathering, Lyons presented a second major initiative, the proposal for a Pacific Pact of non-aggression; his magnum opus and the ultimate opportunity for his regional peacemaking.
The Imperial Conference had also discussed and endorsed measures designed to enhance the process of imperial consultation and once Whitehall subsequently began to apply appeasement in Europe, Lyons was keen to ensure that the voice of his dominion was heard. This was especially so during the first Czech crisis of September 1938 in which, it is argued, Lyons and his appeasing circle sought to play a significant consultative and intermediary role. These efforts seemed to have been rewarded by the climax of European appeasement: the 1938 ‘Munich Pact’. Appeasement was, however, everywhere dissolving from late-1938, as was the mechanism of imperial consultation, and the response of Lyons as prime minister was to initiate the process of establishing an independent Australian diplomatic service, something long considered by his government, but hitherto delayed. This initiative came too late to prevent his reluctant admission of the failure of appeasement, in March 1939.
The policy of conciliation was accompanied from the beginning of the Lyons years by a muscular defence policy. That policy involved five separate rearmament programs, September 1933-December 1938. Although mindful of imperial needs, this policy was chiefly directed at the requirements of home defence and the Lyons government remained wary of the Singapore strategy. Lyons’s character was stamped on it by his decisive opposition to conscription, 1938-39. Although it was his misfortune, as a leading Australian appeaser, that conciliation was everywhere overshadowed by rearmament, the considerable defensive preparations of the Lyons years ensured that a sufficient state of readiness was attained to match the hostile scenarios envisaged in defence planning after 1932. The attempts made to secure a level of joint, imperial defence planning, however, resulted in failure.
In its examination of the foreign and defence policies of the 1930s this thesis augments the revision underway in current scholarship. It demonstrates that an identifiable Australian foreign policy existed and that it was chiefly a regional one - even if the application of that policy was retarded by the absence of a diplomatic structure and by the consequent reliance on London. It nonetheless adhered to the patterns of external policy that had evolved since Federation. When combined with an examination of the robust defence measures of these years, Lyons emerges as a vigorous premier with a clear vision of Australia’s place in the world. It is argued that the search for peace of the ‘Tame Tasmanian’, 1932-39, was sustained and considerable.

O presente relatório de estágio tem por objetivo apresentar o trabalho desenvolvido na Direção de Serviços da África Subsariana do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros português, entre outubro de 2014 e abril de 2015, no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais. Dividido em três capítulos, primeiramente enquadra-se a instituição onde decorreu o estágio, efetuando uma contextualização histórica do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros, distinguindo as suas missões e atribuições e clarificando a sua estrutura orgânica para que se possa definir onde se encontra a Direção de Serviços da África Subsariana da Direção-Geral de Política Externa (DGPE/SAS), direção onde se realizaram o conjunto de atividades inerentes ao estágio. Num segundo momento descrevemos sinteticamente o conjunto de tarefas e funções realizadas neste período, realçando o seu relevante carácter para a formação académica e profissional. Assim, refletimos acerca do funcionamento da SAS e como possui uma panóplia de mecanismos que se integram e cumprem os requisitos propostos pelo curso de Mestrado em questão. Neste sentido, encontram-se os argumentos que justificam a obtenção do tema que dá título ao presente relatório, estando o mesmo diretamente relacionado com a DGPE/SAS e com a área científica das Relações Internacionais. Por fim, o tema “As complexas relações entre o Sudão e o Sudão do Sul: petróleo e fronteiras enquanto questões fraturantes”, que ocupa a maior parte deste relatório, é iniciado através de uma síntese histórica que se principia em finais do século XIX para demonstrar as bases que estiveram na origem da divisão da República do Sudão em dois Estados independentes, Sudão e Sudão do Sul. Através da análise das questões petrolíferas e fronteiriças procuramos compreender duas questões fraturantes que se perpetuam em dois países cujos contextos atuais ainda são vincadamente marcados por conflitos bilaterais, dificuldades económicas e atraso social. As regiões fronteiriças, como Abyei, o Cordofão do Sul e o Nilo Azul, continuam a representar as razões primordiais da disputa pelo território e pela sua riqueza em hidrocarbonetos. O relatório é concluindo com uma caracterização da situação atual do Sudão e do Sudão do Sul, tema acompanhado e desenvolvido ao longo do estágio.
This internship report aims to present the work developed at the Sub-Saharan Africa Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal, between October 2014 and April 2015, to obtain the master's degree in Political Sciences and International Relations. Divided into three chapters, the first one relates to the contextualization of the institution where the internship took place, making a historical overview of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, distinguishing their missions and responsibilities and clarifying its organizational structure making it possible to define where the Sub-Saharan Africa Department of the Directorate-General for External Policy (DGPE/SAS) is located, department where were performed the set of activities inherent to the internship. Secondly we describe briefly the set of tasks and functions performed in this period, highlighting its relevant nature for academic and professional training. Thus, we reflect on the operation of SAS and as it has a range of mechanisms that integrate and meet the requirements proposed by the Master course in question. In this sense, the arguments are to justify getting the theme that gives title to this report, the same being directly related to the DGPE / SAS and the scientific field of International Relations. Finally, the theme "The complex relationships between Sudan and South Sudan: oil and boundaries as fracturing issues", which takes up most of this report, is initiated through a historical overview that begins in the late nineteenth century to demonstrate the foundations that led to the division of the Republic of Sudan in two independent states, Sudan and South Sudan. Through the analysis of oil and boundaries issues we try to understand how this two fracturing questions remain in two countries whose current contexts are sharply marked by bilateral conflicts, economic difficulties and social backwardness. Border regions, as Abyei, South Kordofan and the Blue Nile, continue to represent the primary reason for the struggle for territory and for its richness in hydrocarbons. The report concludes with a characterization of the current situation in Sudan and South Sudan, theme accompanied and developed over the internship.