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1
Short, Stephanie Doris, Hyo-Young Lee, Mi-Joung Lee, Eunok Park, and Farah Purwaningrum. "The Case for a Reciprocal Health Care Agreement between Australia and South Korea." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i1.505.
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Objectives: This study presents the case for a reciprocal health care agreement (RHCA) between Australia and South Korea. Design and Setting: The research utilised a qualitative social scientific methodology. Document analysis was conducted on government reports, official statistics and media articles in English and Korean. Main outcomes: In Australia, the Health Insurance Act 1973 enables health care agreements with 11 nations, however, Korea has no similar legislation in place. Therefore, Korea would need to build a broader consensus on the need for a RHCA in full, based on the precedent of Australia's agreements with other nations, as well as on the Korean Pension Act, which has enabled reciprocal (equal treatment among the countries) pension agreements with 28 nations through an exceptive clause. Results: The active government commitment and involvement of the Ministry of Health and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in Australia, and of the Ministry of Health & Welfare and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in South Korea, would be essential for a successful RHCA process to come to fruition. Conclusions: While a potential health care agreement between Australia and Korea would constitute a significant step forward in strengthening people-to-people links between these two significant trading partners in the spirit of health diplomacy, the feasibility at the current time is very low indeed.
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Soldani, David. "On Australia’s Cyber and Critical Technology International Engagement Strategy Towards 6G." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 8, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 127–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v8n4.340.
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In response to the call by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade for submissions on the development of Australia’s Cyber and Critical Technology International Engagement Strategy, this paper reviews the most critical technologies; related risks and opportunities; best practices, policies and security frameworks in other countries; relevant government, industry, civil society and academia cooperation initiatives; and proposes how Australia may became a leader in the global Cyberspace. To realise this vision, Australia should play a major role among selected international organizations; support the continuous evolution of critical technologies; adopt a proper technology security assurance scheme; and enforce a certification and accreditation process – against a predetermined set of appropriate security standards and policies – for security authorisation in Australia. This could be achieved with the formulation and implementation of an Australia’s defence-in-depth strategy, augmented by a Zero-Trust model, which enhances security for untrusted domains, and within trusted domains, and meets the baseline requirements of cyber security for the Internet of Things.
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Hartwell, John. "2009 Release of offshore petroleum exploration acreage." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08030.
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John Hartwell is Head of the Resources Division in the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Canberra Australia. The Resources Division provides advice to the Australian Government on policy issues, legislative changes and administrative matters related to the petroleum industry, upstream and downstream and the coal and minerals industries. In addition to his divisional responsibilities, he is the Australian Commissioner for the Australia/East Timor Joint Petroleum Development Area and Chairman of the National Oil and Gas Safety Advisory Committee. He also chairs two of the taskforces, Clean Fossil Energy and Aluminium, under the Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (AP6). He serves on two industry and government leadership groups delivering reports to the Australian Government, strategies for the oil and gas industry and framework for the uranium industry. More recently he led a team charged with responsibility for taking forward the Australian Government’s proposal to establish a global carbon capture and storage institute. He is involved in the implementation of a range of resource related initiatives under the Government’s Industry Action Agenda process, including mining and technology services, minerals exploration and light metals. Previously he served as Deputy Chairman of the Snowy Mountains Council and the Commonwealth representative to the Natural Gas Pipelines Advisory Committee. He has occupied a wide range of positions in the Australian Government dealing with trade, commodity, and energy and resource issues. He has worked in Treasury, the Department of Trade, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Department of Primary Industries and Energy before the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. From 1992–96 he was a Minister Counsellor in the Australian Embassy, Washington, with responsibility for agriculture and resource issues and also served in the Australian High Commission, London (1981–84) as the Counsellor/senior trade relations officer. He holds a MComm in economics, and Honours in economics from the University of New South Wales, Australia. Prior to joining the Australian Government, worked as a bank economist. He was awarded a public service medal in 2005 for his work on resources issues for the Australian Government.
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Beirman, David. "Collaborative approaches to government travel advisories in Australia between Australia’s travel industry leadership and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2003–2017." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766718757271.
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The October 2002 Bali bombing was a catalyst for the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) to radically alter its approach to the content and dissemination of Australian government travel advisories. Integral to DFAT’s post-Bali strategy was its decision to seek the collaborative support of the Australian outbound travel industry leadership to broaden dissemination of travel advisories to outbound Australian travellers. Although initial contacts between DFAT and the Australian travel industry leaders in early 2003 were contentious, subsequent negotiations resulted in the world’s first signed agreement between a foreign ministry and a national travel industry leadership in June 2003. The initial agreement, the Charter for Safe Travel involved the Australian travel industry’s commitment to disseminate DFAT travel advisories in exchange for a viable consultative role in their content. Australia’s collaborative model was adopted in the UK from 2004, in Canada from 2005 and New Zealand since 2016. Globally, consultation between national travel industry leaders and national foreign ministries is rare, despite the support of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the World Travel and Tourism Council and the Pacific Asia Travel Association. Through participant observation research, in the context of collaboration and stakeholder theories, this article discusses the evolution of a consultative relationship between DFAT and the Australian outbound travel industry leadership and other relevant stakeholders between 2003 and 2017. The observations made in this study reveal that collaborative consultation has achieved positive changes to travel advisories which feature regionally specific, timely and comprehensible content. These qualitative enhancements have been complemented by enhanced dissemination of Australian government travel advisories. Australia’s Consular Consultative Group serves as a working model for similar collaboration, in the interests of global tourism safety.
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Panorama, Anggun Dwi, Nala Nourma Nastiti, and Fika Aulia Anfasa. "KERJA SAMA PENGURANGAN RISIKO BENCANA INDONESIA AUSTRALIA 2016-2018." Jurnal Academia Praja 4, no. 1 (February 7, 2021): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jap.v4i1.290.
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Abstrak
Isu terkait bencana telah menjadi sebuah kajian dalam Hubungan Internasional karena isu tersebut masuk ke dalam isu keamanan non-tradisional yang mengancam keamanan manusia. Isu mengenai kebencanaan menjadi sebuah isu yang memiliki tantangan tersendiri karena ia membutuhkan penanganan khusus dan perhatian besar sebab dampak yang ditimbulkan dari berbagai macam bencana amat merugikan manusia. Indonesia dan Australia sebagai dua negara yang meratifikasi kerangka kerja Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) yang membahas mengenai upaya pengurangan risiko bencana telah lama bekerja sama dalam sektor bencana, salah satunya adalah dalam program rekonstruksi Aceh pasca tsunami tahun 2004 silam.
Sejak saat itu kerja sama antara kedua negara terus berlanjut dan berkembang, salah satunya adalah kerja sama di bidang pengurangan risiko bencana yang ditandai dengan penandatanganan MoU Manajemen Risiko Bencana tahun 2016-2018 antara Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) Australia dan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) Indonesia. Salah satu wilayah yang menjadi fokus dalam kerja sama ini adalah provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) yang memiliki ancaman bencana paling tinggi keempat di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai implementasi dan juga berbagai hambatan dari kerja sama pengurangan risiko bencana antara DFAT Australia dan BNPB Indonesia di provinsi NTT dengan menggunakan teori bantuan luar negeri dan ketangguhan bencana.
Kata Kunci : NTT, Indonesia, Australia, Kerja sama, Pengurangan Risiko Bencana
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Spiteri, Vanessa Rose, Glenn Porter, and Richard Kemp. "Variation of craniofacial representation in passport photographs." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 1, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-08-2015-0039.
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Purpose – Passport photographs are routinely incorporated onto official travel documentation to ascertain an individual’s identity. In Australia, passport photographs may be provided by a range of retail suppliers and photographed to a set of standards developed by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Whether these standards can provide consistency between craniofacial representation and other parameters throughout individual subjects is unknown. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – This study tests the consistency of passport images with regard to parameters that are likely to affect suitability for use as passport documents. These parameters include, space and dimensionality, craniofacial representation, image sharpness, exposure and colour rendition. Findings – The examination found there was a significant degree of variation among the test results despite being completed using the same instructional guidelines designed to produce uniformity. Originality/value – The paper identifies a significant degree of variation among test results and suggests further review.
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Goodwins, David, Kanupriya Negi, and Peter Van Diermen. "Gearing up for Trade—Evaluating Australia's Contribution to Trade Facilitation in South East Asia and the Pacific." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 17, no. 1 (March 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x1701700106.
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Trade facilitation refers to the simplification and harmonisation of international trade procedures to assist the movement of goods. It is a key factor for international trade efficiency and the economic development of countries. It has gained world prominence and recognition under the World Trade Organization's (2015) Trade facilitation agreement. Trade facilitation obstacles are now considered bigger barriers to trade than tariffs and quotas. Developing countries are increasingly looking at trade facilitation measures to enhance administrative efficiency and effectiveness, reduce costs and time to markets, and increase predictability in global trade. But how is Australia positioned to assist countries with this transition? The Gearing up for trade evaluation assessed the effectiveness of Australia's support for trade facilitation in Asia and the Pacific, and examined whether the investments have assisted partner countries to better integrate with regional and global economies. The evaluation focussed on four major Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) trade facilitation investments and found that they have been effective in addressing capacity issues, encouraging pro-poor outcomes, and exemplify good global practice. To assist with future programming, the evaluation recommended some practical improvements to the DFAT program and investment managers in the use of integrated approaches, private sector engagement, gender equality and women's economic empowerment, and monitoring and evaluation.
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Greenstock, Jeremy. "Reorienting Foreign Policy." National Institute Economic Review 250 (November 2019): R34—R39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011925000115.
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Executive SummaryAfter Brexit, the UK must show that it has a voice. It will need to re-earn international respect, and in particular establish the concept of a ‘global Britain’ on the basis of performance, not rhetoric. That means re-establishing a strong network of relationships around the world in support of its security and economic health, but also continuing to play a leading role in support of the international rules-based order. For example, it should make the most of its continuing status as a Permanent Member of the UN Security Council to act as a problem-solver and system-enhancer in the collective interest.An early, first-order priority will be establishing a new, mutually beneficial partnership with the European Union, which continues to form our economic and political neighbourhood. Reconstructing a modern relationship with the United States is not secondary to that, but cannot substitute for it and must be undertaken in recognition of the differing interests and instincts of the two sides. A further challenge is building the right relationship with China based on mutual interest in trade, peace, and international respect and on confronting expansionist or opportunistic practices. With Russia, too, it is possible to design a predictable set of behaviours on either side, and with both countries good communication channels will need to be maintained.Brexit gives the UK the scope to construct a more deliberate diplomatic approach to the rest of the English-speaking world than was explicitly possible as an EU member – notably in working with Canada, Australia and New Zealand to promote the international rules-based order. But this should be complemented by more effective outreach to non-English-speaking countries, notably in support of trade and investment opportunities with emerging nations. But with them as with all the UK's interlocutors, the need to earn its place, and to show that it realises that, will be vital.In defence and security, the UK will continue in its commitment to the strength of NATO as its essential alliance under US leadership, while also liaising carefully with EU Member States as they seek to improve their own capacities to contribute to European security. But it cannot simply rely on old institutional structures. It needs to lead, for example by playing a stronger role in the control of non-military forms of aggression, such as cyber warfare, economic sanctions, rivalry in space, and commercial espionage.A strategy for realising the UK's interests in the international arena will require the Prime Minister's constant attention, but also a specific mandate for a very senior minister to supervise the interlinked policy areas of foreign affairs, international development, and international trade within a single government department.
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Trilokekar, Roopa Desai. "IMAGINE: Canada as a leader in international education. How can Canada benefit from the Australian experience?" Canadian Journal of Higher Education 43, no. 2 (August 31, 2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v43i2.2103.
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Hosting international students has long been admired as one of the hallmarks of internationalization. The two major formative strands of internationalization in Canadian universities are development cooperation and international students. With reduced public funding for higher education, institutions are aggressively recruiting international students to generate additional revenue. Canada is equally interested in offering incentives for international students to stay in the country as immigrants after completing their studies. In its 2011 budget, the Canadian federal government earmarked funding for an international education strategy and, in 2010, funded Edu-Canada—the marketing unit within the Department of Education and Foreign Affairs (DFAIT)—to develop an official Canadian brand to boost educational marketing, IMAGINE: Education in/au Canada. This model emulates the Australian one, which rapidly capitalized on the recruitment of international students and became an international success story. Given current Canadian higher education policy trends, this paper will address the cautionary lessons that can be drawn from the Australian case.
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Burns, Ross. "Australia, Menzies and Suez: Australian Policymaking on the Middle East Before, During and After the Suez Crisis. B y RobertBowker, (Canberra: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2019), pp x + 145. AU$25." Australian Journal of Politics & History 67, no. 1 (March 2021): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12738.
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Dahlanuddin, Tanda Panjaitan, Scott Waldron, Michael J. Halliday, Andrew Ash, Steve T. Morris, and H. Max Shelton. "Adoption of leucaena-based feeding systems in Sumbawa, eastern Indonesia and its impact on cattle productivity and farm profitability." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)428-436.
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Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena has been fed to cattle by the Balinese community in Sumbawa and West Sumbawa districts on Sumbawa Island since the 1980s. However, prior to 2011, this practice was not adopted by the local Sumbawanese farmers. Since then, a model leucaena-based cattle fattening system was developed in Sumbawa and West Sumbawa districts in a collaborative research project between the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP), University of Mataram and The University of Queensland (UQ) funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), followed by a scaling-out project involving collaboration between the University of Mataram and CSIRO (Applied Research and Innovation Systems in Agriculture - ARISA project) funded by DFAT (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) promoting public-private partnerships. Further promotion of leucaena-based fattening systems occurred in Dompu, Sumbawa, through a project with the University of Mataram and Massey University funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT). By the end of October 2018, more than 2,500 farmers on Sumbawa Island were practicing leucaena-based cattle fattening. The main drivers of adoption of cattle fattening with leucaena were: (1) The high growth rates achieved (0.4–0.6 kg/d for bulls fed 100% leucaena and 0.66 kg/d when maize grain was added to the leucaena basal diet) compared with 0.16 kg/d for the traditional system, combined with high profitability; (2) the needs of farmers being met in terms of relevance and cultural appropriateness; (3) field extension staff being well trained and mentored, and respected by the farmers; (4) the local government being highly supportive of leucaena-based cattle fattening; and (5) additional benefits being increased dressing percentage and high carcass quality. The rapid increase in the use of leucaena for cattle fattening in eastern Indonesia is expected to have a significant positive impact on household incomes as well as on regional economic growth.
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Miksic, John N. "Cultural Organisation in Southeast Asia. A Guide for Artists, Performers and Cultural Workers. By Jennifer Lindsay. Redfern: Australia Council, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the Myer Foundation, 1994. Pp. v, 109. Charts, Appendices, Bibliography." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 28, no. 2 (September 1997): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400014600.
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Thakur, Vineet. "Foreign Policy and its People: Transforming the Apartheid Department of Foreign Affairs." Diplomacy & Statecraft 26, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 514–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2015.1067528.
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Klynina, Tetiana. "To the Issue of Creation and Functioning of the U.S. Department of State (18th-19th Centuries)." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 26 (November 27, 2017): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2017.26.273.
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The article focuses on the question of the creation of the U.S. Department of State and its functions. We surveyed historiography (works by Mihalkanin E., Plischke E., West R.,Glad B. and so on). For over 200 years, the Department of State has conducted American diplomacy through war and peace, amidst the competing currents of isolationism and internationalism that have shaped American foreign policy and its commitment to liberty and democracy. The Department of State was established as the Department of Foreign Affairs by the act of July 27, 1789 and became the first Federal agency to be created under the new Constitution. In September 1789, additional legislation changed the name of the agency to the Department of State and assigned to it a variety of duties. There are 5 main periods of existence of the U.S. Department of State: the emerging State Department (1789-1860), the Department comes of age (1861-1895), managing the foreign affairs of a great power (1900-1940), the Department of state and the U.S. as a Superpower (1945-1960), the Department of State’s role in the U.S. Foreign Affairs Community (1961-2000). Special attention is paid to the positions of the Secretary of State who is in charge of defining and implementing U.S. foreign policy. Thomas Jefferson, Henry Kissinger, John Quincy Adams, William Jennings Bryan, Henry Clay, James Madison, George C. Marshall, George Schultz, and Daniel Webster are just a few of the Secretaries who played the greatest role in the providing of the USA’ foreign affairs. Then author gives the illustration of the secretary relations with the President, Cabinet and Congress.
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Sims, Harold Dana. "Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files. Cuba: Internal Affairs and Foreign Affairs, 1945-1954." Journal of American History 75, no. 4 (March 1989): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1908766.
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Gormly, James L. "Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files. Lebanon: Internal Affairs and Foreign Affairs, 1945-1954." Journal of American History 75, no. 4 (March 1989): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1908767.
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Cohen, Yoel. "News media and the News Department of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office." Review of International Studies 14, no. 2 (April 1988): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113348.
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News media are primary sources of information about international affairs. The rise of the mass circulation press and the expansion of foreign news coverage have brought the public at home and abroad closer to international affairs. The British Empire and two world wars strengthened the British citizen's interest and concern regarding foreign policy. The growth of radio and television added to this proximity. Portable electronic cameras and satellites enable the television viewer to become a participant in an event as he or she watches it unfold. Within the foreign policy-making process the media are sources of information to ministers and officials, contribute to the formation of public attitudes, are channels through which governments signal to, and manoeuvre, one another, and are key means for generating public support for foreign policy at home and abroad.
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West, Philip. "Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files. China: Internal Affairs, 1950-1954. China: Foreign Affairs, 1950-1954." Journal of American History 78, no. 4 (March 1992): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2079501.
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Pease, Neal. "Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files. Poland: Internal Affairs and Foreign Affairs. Part I: 1945-1949." Journal of American History 77, no. 4 (March 1991): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2078416.
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Wesley, Michael. "Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the challenges of globalisation." Australian Journal of International Affairs 56, no. 2 (July 2002): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357710220147424.
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Costello, Michael. "Policy priorities for the department of Foreign Affairs and trade in 1995." Australian Journal of International Affairs 49, no. 1 (May 1995): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357719508445152.
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Dobell, Graeme. "Fifty years of Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs: from external to internal." Australian Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2021.1926424.
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Adams, Jan S. "Incremental Activism in Soviet Third World Policy: The Role of the International Department of the CPSU Central Committee." Slavic Review 48, no. 4 (1989): 614–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499786.
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Historically, leaders of the Soviet Union have shown extraordinary faith in the power of bureaucratic reorganization to solve political problems. The 1985-1987 restaffing and restructuring of the foreign policy establishment indicate that Mikhail Gorbachev shares this faith. In the first sixteen months of his leadership, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs replaced its minister, two first deputy ministers, seven deputy ministers, a third of all Soviet ambassadors, and created four new departments. In addition, important changes were made in the central party apparat, affecting three of the CPSU Central Committee departments: The International Information Department was abolished. The Propaganda Department gained added prominence in international affairs with the appointment of a new chief, Aleksandr Iakovlev, who began playing a conspicuous role as Gorbachev's advisor at international conferences even before his elevation to the Politburo in January 1987. Of great significance for the Soviet foreign policy establishment as a whole, the International Department (ID) was given new leadership, a new arms control unit, and expanded missions.
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Clark, John F. "The Clinton Administration and Africa: White House Involvement and the Foreign Affairs Bureaucracies." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 26, no. 2 (1998): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004716070050287x.
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Both continuity and change capture the evolving role of the Clinton White House in the formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy toward Africa. Elements of continuity are reflected in a familiar pattern of relationships between the White House and the principal foreign policy bureaucracies, most notably the U.S. State Department, the U.S. Department of Defense (Pentagon), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and more recently the U.S. Department of Commerce. As cogently argued in Peter J. Schraeder’s analysis of U.S. foreign policy toward Africa during the Cold War era, the White House has tended to take charge of U.S. African policies only in those relatively rare situations perceived as crises by the president and his closest advisors. In other, more routine situations—the hallmark of the myriad of U.S. African relations—the main foreign policy bureaucracies have been at the forefront of policy formulation, and “bureaucratic dominance” of the policymaking process has prevailed. Much the same pattern is visible in the Clinton administration, with the exception of President Clinton’s trip to Africa in 1998. Until that time, events in Somalia in 1993 served as the only true African crisis of the administration that was capable of focusing the ongoing attention of President Clinton and his closest advisors. Given that the United States is now disengaged from most African crises, Africa has remained a “backwater” for the White House and the wider foreign policymaking establishment.
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Klynina, Tetiana S. "Not Only Foreign Affairs: U.S. Department of State’ Cultural Policy During Cold War." SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, no. 34 (2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2020.i34.p.54.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the existing activities of the US Department of State in matters of cultural policy. Attention is focused on the works of foreign and domestic researchers who devoted their work to the consideration of the essence of the cultural policy of the state, which is often called cultural or public diplomacy or soft power. It is indicated that these directions in the USA are carried out by the structural unit of the State Department – the Bureau of Education and Culture, and the history of its formation is described. The active period of cultural diplomacy in the USA falls at the end of World War II and the beginning of the ideological confrontation between the USA and the USSR, known as the Cold War. One of the active tools for cultural diplomacy has been the dissemination of television and radio broadcasting around the world. No less actively used exchange programs and visits of citizens of other countries, which were designed to promote mutual understanding, international, educational, and cultural exchange, as well as the development of leadership qualities of its participants. It is pointed out that US cultural diplomacy has reached its peak by incorporating jazz, culture, and literature into its arsenal. Keywords: USA, cultural diplomacy, Department of State, American literature, television and radio companies.
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Bryden, Penny. "Foreign policy advice in the Prime Minister’s Office: Mackenzie King to Brian Mulroney." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 4 (December 2020): 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020976614.
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The Department of External Affairs (DEA) has always been anomalous—more closely associated with the prime minister than any other department, yet also more independent from cabinet in its necessarily far-flung structure than any other department. The unique position of the DEA has meant that its influence has been closely tied to changes in the structure of the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO). This article examines the ways that the advisory capacity of the DEA has gradually been eroded, while the foreign policy advice from the PMO has concomitantly increased, in the period between the 1930s and the 1990s.
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Keown, Gerard. "Representing the Global Island: A Review of Ireland’s Foreign Policy." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 10, no. 4 (October 23, 2015): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341323.
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In January 2015, the Irish government published a new statement of the goals and objectives of Ireland’s foreign policy. The document, The Global Island: Ireland’s Foreign Policy for a Changing World, was the result of a year-long process of reflection, research and analysis and a wide-ranging process of consultation and engagement. It offers a progressive and forward-looking vision of Ireland’s foreign policy and Ireland’s place in the world. The review was led by Ireland’s foreign ministry, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
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Nkhungulu Mulenga, Chao, and Burger Van Lill. "Recruitment and Selection of Foreign Professionals In the South African Job Market: Procedures and Processes." SA Journal of Human Resource Management 7, no. 1 (July 14, 2007): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v5i3.149.
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This study investigated procedures and processes used in the selection of prospective foreign applicants by recruitment agencies in South Africa. An electronic survey was distributed to the accessible population of 244 agencies on a national employment website, yielding 57 respondents. The results indicate that the recruitment industry does not have standard, well articulated procedures for identifying and selecting prospective foreign employees and considered processing foreign applicants difficult. Difficulties with the Department of Home Affairs were a major hindrance to recruiting foreign applicants.
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Datskiv, I. "The Role of Vasily Paneiko’s Personality in the Development of International Relations of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (1918-1923)." Problems of World History, no. 7 (March 14, 2019): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-7-12.
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This article covers the main directions and results of the diplomatic activity of the first foreign minister of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic Vasyl Paneyko. The role of V. Paneyko in the partypolitical life, and the implementation of the idea of the unity of the Ukrainian lands was clarified. His nation-wide and diplomatic activities during the national liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people were thoroughly analyzed. It is noted that V. Paneyko among the Galician politicians was distinguished by theoretical and political preparation, far-sightedness and convincing position. It is noted that during the first month of his work in the foreign affairs department, he resolved two important issues: the organization of the State Secretariat of Foreign Affairs and foreign missions, and realized the idea of uniting the West Ukrainian People’s Republic with the Ukrainian People’s Republic.
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Kuznetsov, A. I. "The Prototypes of MGIMO: from the History of Specialized Diplomatic Education in Russia." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(34) (February 28, 2014): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-64-71.
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The article considers the history of establishing and developing specialized education of diplomats in the pre-revolutionary Russia that was perfected along with the professionalization and growth of the diplomatic service, while the country's international contacts expanded and grew more complicated. The author points out that specialized offices for foreign affairs and permanent diplomatic missions brought about the necessity of training personnel, which meant, in particular, developing specific skills and abilities. Perfecting the training of diplomats implied the growing role of higher education for the personnel in the diplomatic service and making entrance examinations to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs more and more difficult, which meant that the applicants had to possess specific knowledge in history, economics, law, regional studies, etc. The article analyzes the role of universities, lyceums and the Oriental Institute at the Asian Department of the 70 Ministry of Foreign Affairs in professional training of diplomats. The author gives a detailed analysis of the evolution of approaches of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire towards raising the standards of training diplomats, the role of the educational qualification and entrance examinations to the diplomatic service. It finally led the Ministry to the idea of creating a specialized education centre.
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Melnikova, O. A. "Information Support of Foreign Policy." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(41) (April 28, 2015): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-2-41-86-93.
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Informatization and modern information technologies cover the most various areas of social, spiritual and material human life and have become the dominating globalization factor with major impact on world events. Modern international relations present new challenges and threats ofcross-border nature, which fall within the area of information security. This brings issues of informational influence on international policy to the fore. In this context the question of improvement and modernization of policy instruments for more effective use of modern means of implementation of foreign policy priorities, including information support of international activities, achieves fundamental importance. Given the complexity of modern international relations and tasks facing foreign affairs departments, diplomatic success in many cases depends onthe efficiency of information support. The article analyses current objectives and methods of information support of foreign policy in the context of modern Russian legislation. The author examines the approach of the Information and Press Department of the Russian Ministryof Foreign Affairs,a subdivision responsible for information support and international cooperation in the media sphere. The article specifies the key role of new information technologies for informing the audience expeditiously and to the full extent in regard to Russian approaches to the solution of international problems, foreign policy initiatives and actions of the Russian Federation, and for counteracting attempts to discredit Russian foreign policy.
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Bucher, Greta. "Australia y Nueva Zelanda." Anuario Asia Pacífico el Colegio de México, no. 18 (January 1, 2019): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/aap.2019.283.
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Australia y Nueva Zelanda, dos países vecinos ubicados en la parte sudoeste del océano Pacífico, son conocidos generalmente por sus abundantes recursos naturales, su gran calidad de vida y su ausencia de corrupción. La relación entre ambos países, también conocida como Trans-Tasman (relaciones a través del mar de Tasmania), es muy cercana, pues no sólo comparten lazos culturales e históricos debido a una herencia colonial británica común, sino que son parte de la Mancomunidad de Naciones, por la cual reconocen a la reina Isabel II de Inglaterra como jefa de Estado. Asimismo, mantienen estrechas relaciones económicas y comerciales, las cuales son reconocidas como de las más amplias y compatibles del mundo según el propio gobierno neozelandés (New Zealand Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2018). Desde 1983, el comercio bilateral ha aumentado de manera constante; actualmente Australia sigue siendo el principal socio comercial de Nueva Zelanda.
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Korovyakovsky, D. G., T. Yu Igumentseva, and V. V. Volkova. "Language Training of Customs Affairs Specialists: International and Russian Experience." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 29, no. 3 (March 28, 2020): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-3-108-118.
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The article presents the results of a study of the language training of specialists in the field of Customs affairs in Russia and several of foreign countries. The described international experience in the language training of customs affairs specialists in Australia, vietnam, Germany, China, Moldova, the United States of America allows to indicate its specificity, namely, a bias towards the development of bilingual competence, since a multicultural customs space requires a specialist to have the ability to conduct a dialogue, to know the cultural realities of a native and foreign language, to be able to realize this knowledge in direct communication with international partners.Russian experience of the language training of customs specialists is characterized, on the one hand, by the lack of regionalization and filling in the content of a foreign language on the basis of interdisciplinary integration with the content of the professional cycle disciplines, and on the other, by the widespread use of active teaching methods, information and communication technologies in teaching a foreign language, which positively affects the formation of readiness for professional intercultural communication.The authors conclude that a deeper study of the international experience of language training on the basis of comparative analysis is necessary in order to improve Russian training of a qualified customs specialist who is able to conduct effective professional activities in a foreign language environment.
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Romanova, Aleksandra V. "Additions on I.A. Goncharov’s Service in the Foreign Trade Department." Literary Fact, no. 18 (2020): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2020-18-384-392.
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The article summarizes the data of many years of research on I.A. Goncharov’s service activity in the Foreign Trade Department of the Ministry of Finance as an official, but not as a translator and a secretary of Admiral E.V. Putyatin aboard the frigate Pallada. The time period is from May 1835 to November 1838, from 1843 to October 1852 and from the spring of 1855 to early 1856, when Goncharov took the post of censor. The character of Goncharov's service in 1843 –1845 is emphasized. The author investigates the case of the Foreign Trade Department on the construction of furniture in 1846 –1849, in which, in addition to the already known list of documents (for depositing in the archives), compiled and signed by Goncharov, his notes on separate sheets were revealed. The documents allow to make a reasonable conclusion that Goncharov, in addition to his official duties as a translator, participated in other affairs of the department. It is possible that, at the request of his superiors, he sometimes performed some errands when his colleagues were on vacation. But his officially undisclosed return to the duties of a clerical worker on a permanent basis is also possible. For this service, Goncharov was presented with several gifts.
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Colman, Jonathan. "The ‘Bowl of Jelly’: The us Department of State during the Kennedy and Johnson Years, 1961-1968." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 10, no. 2 (April 22, 2015): 172–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341305.
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This article explores efforts to reform the us State Department under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, with the intention of making the Department better able to lead and coordinate the sprawling foreign policy apparatus. When Kennedy soon gave up on what he described as the ‘bowl of jelly’, the reform effort was left to his successor Johnson. Under Johnson, there were attempts to boost the State Department’s internal efficiency and its ability to support counterinsurgency efforts. Yet there was a justified perception by the end of 1968 that the State Department was unredeemed managerially and in terms of its standing in the foreign policy nexus. The reasons for the lack of progress include sporadic presidential engagement, and Secretary of State Dean Rusk’s limited aptitude for managerial affairs.
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Romanenko, Olena. "SLAVIC COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND THE CURRENT SITUATION." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (December 17, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-14-23.
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Migration to the Australian continent has ancient origins. On 1 January 1901, the Federation of the Commonwealth of Australia included six former colonies: New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, Queensland, and Western Australia. The British origin had 78% of those who were born overseas. The immigration was high on the national agenda. The most ambitious nation-building plan based on immigration was adopted in Australia in the post-World War II period. The shock of the war was so strong that even old stereotypes did not prevent Australians from embarking on immigration propaganda with the slogan “Populate or Perish”. In the middle 1950s, the Australian Department of Immigration realized that family reunion was an important component of successful settlement. In 1955 the Department implemented “Operation Reunion” – a scheme was intended to assist family members overseas to migrate to the continent and reunite with the family already living in Australia. As a result, 30000 people managed to migrate from countries such as Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union, and the former Yugoslavia under this scheme. Today Australia’s approach to multicultural affairs is a unique model based on integration and social cohesion. On governmental level, the Australians try to maintain national unity through respect and preservation of cultural diversity. An example of such an attitude to historical memory is a database created by the Department of Home Affairs (DHA). For our research, we decided to choose information about residents of East-Central European origin (Ukraine-born, Poland-born, and Czech Republic-born citizens) in Australia, based on the information from the above mentioned database. The article provides the brief historical background of Polish, Ukrainian and Czech groups on the Continent and describes the main characteristics of these groups of people, such as geographic distribution, age, language, religion, year of arrival, median income, educational qualifications, and employment characteristics.
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Evteev, S. V. "School of German Language." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-237-241.
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Department of German is one of the oldest language departments at MGIMO. Since its foundation in 1944 the military experienced teachers of the department, most of whom were native speakers, have begun to develop a unique method of teaching the German language, thereby revolutionize learning this foreign language. The first steps made under the supervision of the Department of Antonina V. Celica. The department refused to conventional time and is still used in universities such as the Moscow Linguistic University, separate teaching phonetics, grammar and vocabulary, which was due to the specific objectives set for the teaching staff: prepare for short term specialists in international relations, active Germanspeaking. The department can be proud of its graduates, many of whom continue his career in the walls of native high school. Many graduates have dedicated their lives to serving the State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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Criscenti, Joseph T. "Confidential U. S. State Department Central Files. Argentina: Internal Affair and Foreign Affairs, 1945-1954." Journal of American History 75, no. 4 (March 1989): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1908765.
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Zorina, Viktoriya Vladimirovna. "Formation of Speech Culture of Students of Training Courses for Foreign Specialists of the Siberian Law Institute as an Object of Research Work." Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2020.10.17.
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One of the accreditation indicators of a modern Uni-versity is research work. The paper presents an anal-ysis of research carried out at the Department of foreign and Russian languages of the Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the problem of forming the speech culture of foreign students. The research period is 2018–2020. The topics are indicated, the stages of research are briefly described, and the prospects for scientific work are determined. Research work was carried out on the following topics: “Teaching Russian speech etiquette to students of training courses for foreign specialists in educational organizations of the Minis-try of Internal Affairs of Russia”; “Formation of speech culture of students of training courses for foreign specialists, taking into account the regional component”. The presented generalization of the research work made it possible to verify the rele-vance of the chosen direction and the need for fur-ther continuation of the work.
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Oznobishcheva, G. "Effect of Crisis on EU Foreign and Defence Policy." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2013): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-8-3-21.
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The publication is devoted to problems debated at the Academic Board session in IMEMO which took part on January 30, 2013. The main report "Effect of Crisis on EU Foreign and Defence Policy" was delivered by Dr. Sci. (Political Science) N.K. Arbatova, Head of Department on European Political Studies at IMEMO. The fellow workers of IMEMO – Academician of RAS A.A. Dynkin (chairman), Academician of RAS A.G. Arbatov, Dr. Sci. (Economics) S.A. Afontsev, Cand. Sci. (History) K.V. Voronov, Cand. Sci. (Political Science) E.S. Gromoglasova, Dr. Sci. (Technology) V.Z. Dvorkin, G.I. Machavariani, Cand. Sci. (History) S.K. Oznobischev, Dr. Sci. (Philosophy) V.I. Pantin: Cand. Sci. (Political Science) S.V. Utkin, Dr. Sci. (Economics) V.L. Sheinis, – as well as Cand. Sci. (Political Sciences) N.Yu. Kaveshnikov (Professor at MGIMO-University of Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Russia), Cand. Sci. (Political Science) O.Yu. Potemkina (Head of Center on European Integration, Institute of Europe RAS), Cand. Sci. (History) N.V.Yurieva (Assoc. Prof. at the Chair for World Political Processes, MGIMO-University of Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Russia) also took part in the discussion.
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Iredale, Robin. "Patterns of Spouse/Fiance Sponsorship to Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 4 (December 1994): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300402.
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In the late 1980s, repeat spouse/fiance sponsorship emerged as an issue of concern in the Australian community, especially because of the growing incidence of domestic violence. This article is based on research conducted in 1992 for the Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs. The aim was to investigate both repeat and serial sponsorship ( i.e., where domestic violence was present) for all groups of women, through the majority are from Asia. Interviews with women who had been sponsored, community and health workers, refuge workers and others revealed that repeat sponsorship was a common phenomenon. Further, repeat sponsors demonstrated a high level of perpetration of various forms of domestic violence. In July 1994, the Minister for Immigration announced changes in government policy.
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Barnett, Chris. "Cross-Sectoral Approaches Combining Career and Vocational Education in Schools in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Career Development 7, no. 3 (October 1998): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629800700304.
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“Programs for lower secondary students supporting their access to vocational education and training in the senior years: a cross-sectoral approach including school and industry profession development” is a project funded by the Career Education Association of Western Australia and the Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs. The project objectives, findings and recommendations from the preliminary research and other project developments are described. The Internet address for regular updated information is also provided.
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Londey, Peter. "Australia and Peacekeeping." Journal of International Peacekeeping 18, no. 3-4 (November 26, 2014): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1804004.
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This article traces the history of Australian peacekeeping since its beginnings in September 1947. It shows that, while there have always been Australian peacekeepers in the field since 1947, the level of commitment in different periods has varied greatly. The article sets out to explain this phenomenon, chiefly in political terms. It argues that Australia’s early involvement in the invention of peacekeeping owed much to External Affairs Minister H.V. Evatt’s interest in multilateralism, but that under the subsequent conservative Menzies government a new focus on alliance politics produced mixed results in terms of peacekeeping commitments. By contrast, in the 1970s and early 1980s, for different reasons Prime Ministers Whitlam and Fraser pursued policies which raised Australia’s peacekeeping profile. After a lull in the early years of the Hawke Labor government, the arrival of internationalist Gareth Evans as Foreign Minister signalled a period of intense peacekeeping activity by Australia. For different, regionally-focused reasons, Australia was again active in peacekeeping in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In recent years, however, Australia’s heavy commitment to Middle East wars has reduced its peacekeeping contribution once again to a low level.
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Panova, Olga, Sergey Struganov, and Dmitry Gavrilov. "Comparative characteristics of requirements for physical training of female police officers in Russia and foreign countries." KANT 35, no. 2 (June 2020): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-35.61.
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This work is devoted to topical issues of physical training of female police officers in Russia. The work is devoted to the study of the main factors that contribute to the admission of female police officers to the service in the police Department of Russia and foreign countries. The features of training sessions for women police officers are revealed. The authors identified the main requirements for physical training of employees of internal Affairs agencies in Russia and foreign countries. A comprehensive analysis of the basic requirements for the level of physical training of police officers in Russia and foreign countries.
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Frescos, Nicoletta, and Hylton B. Menz. "Foot Health Service Provision by the Australian Department of Veterans’ Affairs." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 97, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0970469.
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Background: In Australia, the Department of Veterans’ Affairs provides podiatric medical services, including nail surgery and the provision of footwear and orthoses, for war veterans and their dependents. We sought to evaluate whether the provision of these interventions reduces the number of ongoing maintenance treatments. Methods: We used the database of the Department of Veterans’ Affairs to document the number of major podiatric medical interventions (footwear, foot orthoses, nail surgery, and combinations of these interventions) for 1996–1997. The number of maintenance podiatric medical treatments provided in the 2 years before (1994–1996) and 2 years after (1997–1999) these interventions was then compared with a control group that did not receive any major interventions. Results: Compared with the number of treatments in the 2 years before the interventions, in the subsequent 2 years there was a significant increase in the mean ± SD number of maintenance treatments after receiving footwear only (10.4 ± 5.8 versus 12.3 ± 5.0), foot orthoses only (9.4 ± 5.3 versus 12.2 ± 4.6), nail surgery only (10.2 ± 5.8 versus 13.2 ± 4.4), and footwear plus foot orthoses (9.3 ± 6.1 versus 13.3 ± 5.5). In the control group, the mean number of treatments in 1994–1996 and 1997–1999 was 10.8 and 11.8, respectively. Conclusions: Provision of major podiatric medical interventions did not reduce the number of ongoing maintenance treatments received by veterans. However, owing to the inherent limitations of claims data, it is difficult to determine whether this finding is due to the limited efficacy of the interventions or to the policy structure of podiatric medical service provision in the Department of Veterans’ Affairs. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 97(6): 469–474, 2007)
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Mead, Kevin. "Kevin Mead." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 111 (2017): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2017.137.
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Hi. Thanks for your insights this morning. My name is Kevin Mead from Global Affairs Canada, which is our actual Department of Foreign Affairs and not a think tank, as it sounds. I'm in the environmental legal division there and I work with my counterparts from the United States in the UNFCCC in the Paris Agreement negotiations as the legal advisor. So I will preface my question by saying that they are lovely people to work with and I enjoy working with them, and we work in very close collaboration on our positions, as like-minded countries in that forum.
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Teryukova, Ekaterina. "The Officials of the Department for the Spiritual Affairs of Foreign Confessions as Researchers of Religion." State Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide 36, no. 1 (2018): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2018-36-1-33-53.
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Bogomolov, Igor K. "N. I. Levitsky’s Letter to A. I. Lysakovsky about the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Representatives in the Petrograd Military Censorship Commission (1916)." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2021): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-2-581-592.
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The article publishes a letter from the chairman of the Petrograd Military Censorship Commission, Nikolai Ivanovich Levitsky, to the manager of the Press and Information Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Alexander Iosifovich Lysakovsky (dated December 22, 1916). In the letter, Levitsky insists on the need to include representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the military censorship commission on a permanent basis. At the time, a different scheme was in effect: Levitsky sent diplomatic materials (newspaper and magazine articles, books, pamphlets, and cartoons) for verification to the Press and Information Department, which made its decision on their further fate. Levitsky pointed out the complexity and slowness of this scheme, which led to delays in printing, dissatisfaction of authors and editors. The main problem, Levitsky acknowledged, was insufficient competence of censors in foreign policy matters. Meanwhile, by the end of 1916, the topic of diplomatic censorship had become quite relevant. As the war drew to a close, more and more material appeared in press about the post-war world order and Russia's future relations with its allies and adversaries. Against this background, Levitsky advocated the inclusion of representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as censors. The idea itself was not new: in the autumn of 1916, the headquarters of the Northern Front had submitted a project to reform the Petrograd military censorship in order to improve its efficiency. The main focus of the project was on expanding its staff and creating new departments in the Petrograd Military Censorship Commission. The representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was also to be included in the commission. Levitsky’s proposals followed the emerging trend: enhanced staffing and centralization of the military censorship, closer interaction of departments in order to increase its effectiveness. Lysakovsky approved the suggestion. Since January 1917, five officials of the ministry had been sent to the Petrograd Military Censorship Commission for daily and round-the-clock viewing of the press. However, this cooperation did not last: after the February Revolution, Foreign Ministry officials were released from the censorship work following the actual cessation of the preliminary censorship of press in Petrograd. Nevertheless, the unrealized project became a harbinger of future organization of press censorship after the Bolshevik’s assumption of power. The published document shows that the February Revolution was only a break in the process of censorship centralization and strengthening control over the press by the Russian state.
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Donaghy, Greg. "Documenting the Diplomats: The Origins and Evolution of Documents on Canadian External Relations." Public Historian 25, no. 1 (2003): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2003.25.1.9.
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This article explores the origins and evolution of Documents on Canadian External Relations, a primary source compilation of historical material published by Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. It describes the public policy imperatives that prompted the department to launch its historical series in the period immediately after World War II. More important, it explores how the series was shaped and re-shaped through a critical dialogue between public and private historians, as questions of access, declassification, and academic accountability collided with the department's own evolving policy objectives.
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Mironov, Ivan B. "New Facts on the History of the Russian America (Based of the Russian Archival Documents)." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 4 (August 3, 2009): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2009-0-4-54-58.
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The refusal of Russia from its territory in Alaska is presented to this day as a goodwill gesture for the peace and consent with USA. The fragments of the documents stored in the archive of foreign policy of the Russian Empire, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, in the Russian State Historical Archive, in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, in the research department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library, reveal the true reasons for the taken decisions. New facts for scientific use and previously unknown documents are introduced.