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1
Bennett, Dawn, Michelle Johnston, Bonita Mason, and Chris Thomson. "Why the where matters: A sense of place imperative for teaching better Indigenous affairs reporting." Pacific Journalism Review 21, no. 2 (October 31, 2015): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v21i2.125.
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Much Indigenous affairs journalism in the Western Australian state capital of Perth reproduces colonial discourse and perpetuates racist stereotypes of Aboriginal people. Against this background the traditional custodians of Perth, the Noongar people, have struggled to find a media voice. Meanwhile, observers in several countries have critiqued a shift from journalism about specific places toward journalism concerned with no place in particular. Spurred by globalisation, this shift has de-emphasised the ‘where?’ question in the ‘what, where, who, why, how and when?’ template of journalistic investigation. Reporting from a project in which journalism students collaborated with Noongar community organisations, we argue that an understanding of Indigenous Australians’ profound connection to place can inform journalists about the underlying character of places about which they report. We suggest that working with Indigenous people can transform the way journalists conceptualise their careers, and help secure a sense of place for Indigenous people in the media. Finally, collaborating with Indigenous people can teach journalists to view their professional practices through a sense of place lens, re-emphasising the ‘where?’ question in its application to both geographic place and the realm of a journalist’s imagination.
2
Fernandez, Joseph M. "Pass the Source—Journalism’s Confidentiality Bane in the Face of Legislative Onslaughts." Asia Pacific Media Educator 27, no. 2 (October 25, 2017): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x17728822.
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‘Journalism under siege’ proclaimed the cover of The Walkley Magazine, an Australian publication dedicated to promoting journalism excellence in its March 2017 issue. This headline reflects the severe disruption journalism is experiencing globally. Facts used to be facts and news was news but now we have ‘alternative facts’ and ‘fake news’ (Media Watch, 2017). Against this backdrop, a persistent dilemma for journalism has been the impact of the law on journalists relying on confidential sources who play a critical part in providing access to information. The journalism profession’s apparent source protection gains have been undermined by legislative and other assaults, and it has had a chilling effect on journalists’ contacts with confidential sources. The Australian journalists’ union, the Media Alliance, has warned that ‘it is only a matter of time’ before a journalist is convicted for refusing to disclose a confidential source (Murphy, 2017, p. 3). This article builds on earlier work examining how Australian journalists are coping in their dealings with confidential sources. This article (a) reports on the findings from an Australian study into journalists’ confidential sources and (b) identifies lessons and reform potentials arising from these findings.
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Harrington, Stephen. "REVIEW: Help at hand to navigate legal minefields." Pacific Journalism Review 19, no. 2 (October 31, 2013): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v19i2.229.
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Over recent years in Australia we have seen a number of big stories emerge which highlight the difficult legal positions in which journalists too often find themselves. One of the biggest was Gina Rinehart’s attempts in Western Australia to have journalists reveal their sources for stories which were published regarding the legal battles she had been fighting against her own children. Another involved the 2009 counter-terrorism operations in Victoria that were apparently reported, somewhat controversially, on the front page of The Australian several hours before they had occurred. While, a third case was what Australian Twitter users dubbed the #TwitDef saga, where The Australian’s editor-in-chief Chris Mitchell claimed that he had been defamed by Australian journalism academic Julie Posetti, who had simply tweeted what a former News Corp journalist had said publically during the 2010 JEAA conference.
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Bruns, Axel. "Journalists and Twitter: How Australian News Organisations Adapt to a New Medium." Media International Australia 144, no. 1 (August 2012): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214400114.
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Twitter has developed an increasingly visible presence in Australian journalism, and in the discussion of news. This article examines the positioning of journalists as ‘personal brands’ on Twitter by documenting the visibility of leading personal and institutional accounts during two major political events in Australia: the Rudd/Gillard leadership spill on 23 June 2010, and the day of the subsequent federal election on 21 August 2010. It highlights the fact that in third-party networks such as Twitter, journalists and news organisations no longer operate solely on their own terms, as they do on their own websites, but gain and maintain prominence in the network and reach for their messages only in concert with other users. It places these observations in a wider context of journalist–audience relations a decade after the emergence of the first citizen journalism websites.
5
Hanusch, Folker. "A profile of Australian travel journalists’ professional views and ethical standards." Journalism 13, no. 5 (June 14, 2011): 668–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884911398338.
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Despite significant changes in mainstream journalism in recent decades, journalistic fields beyond the news have been little explored. In an attempt to contribute to a deeper understanding of such fields, this article examines the role perceptions of 85 Australian travel journalists. By viewing travel journalism as a distinct field of practice that is affected by a unique mix of influences, this study identifies five dimensions of practitioners’ role perceptions. These relate to travel journalists’ views of themselves as Cultural Mediators, Critics, Entertainers, Information Providers and Travellers. In addition, the study examines in some depth the ethical standards of travel journalists. Determinants of these views and standards are explored. The study argues that, in light of travel journalists’ increasingly important role in reporting about foreign places, more remains to be done to promote travel stories that show a deeper understanding of other cultures and which contain a more critical appraisal of destinations.
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Fernandez, Joseph. "Journalists’ confidential sources: Reform lessons from recent Australian shield law cases." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i1.190.
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That journalism, especially journalism delving into serious impropriety, relies heavily upon a journalist’s ability to honour promises of confidentiality to sources, and therefore needs protection, has been well acknowledged. Former Attorney-General Philip Ruddock in proposing protection for journalists’ confidential sources—commonly referred to as shield law—in the first such major federal level initiative, said ‘[t]his privilege is an important reform to evidence law’ (Explanatory Memorandum, 2007); and in the circumstances then prevailing ‘the protection of journalists is too important an issue to wait’ (Philip Ruddock, Second Reading Speech, 2007). In one instance the court went so far as to say that the importance of source protection was ‘entirely unexceptionable and in accordance with human experience and common sense’ (Liu, 2010, para 51). Are journalists’ confidential sources better protected with the advent of statutory protection in several Australian jurisdictions? The media does not think so (MEAA, 2013). Former Attorney-General Mark Dreyfus observed towards the end of his term of office: ‘Recent court proceedings have highlighted the inadequacy of protections for journalists in some jurisdictions and lack of uniformity in laws across Australia’ (Dreyfus, 2013). The current Commonwealth government in relation to national uniform shield law is unclear. The Australian shield law framework beckons reform and recent events indicate some potential reform areas.
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Hanusch, Folker. "Transformative Times: Australian Journalists' Perceptions of Changes in Their Work." Media International Australia 155, no. 1 (May 2015): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1515500106.
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Numerous studies have pointed to the fact that journalism in most industrialised societies is undergoing a particularly intensive period of transformation. Yet, while many scholars have studied how news organisations are changing, comparatively few studies have inquired into how journalists themselves are experiencing the changes in their work brought on by the technological, economic and cultural transformations. Based on a representative study of Australian journalists, this article reports on their perceptions of changes in a variety of influences on and aspects of their work over the past five years. It finds that journalists say change has been most notable in audience interactions and technological innovation, while economic changes are somewhat less strong. Importantly, they are also very concerned about an increase in sensationalism and a drop in journalistic standards and the credibility of journalism. Results are also compared across different organisational contexts.
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English, Peter. "State of play: A survey of sports journalists in Australia." Australian Journalism Review 41, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00003_1.
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Sports journalism in Australia has undergone immense change over the past decade, with many factors contributing to the widespread upheaval. Utilizing a representative survey, this study of 120 of the nation’s sports journalists provides insight into how journalists in a specialized sector of the media are operating during a period of transformation. While previous surveys of Australian journalists have focused on profiling sports journalists, this study offers an updated overview of the profession following a decade of change and provides an understanding of the perceptions of sports journalists on key issues in contemporary newsrooms. The findings highlight that there have been some substantial changes. Overall, the respondents paint a much gloomier picture of sports journalism in Australia than previously.
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Chubb, Philip, and Chris Nash. "The Politics of Reporting Climate Change at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation." Media International Australia 144, no. 1 (August 2012): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214400107.
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This article examines a particular moment in journalism at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, with the aim of elucidating the link between public-sector journalism and political controversy in the recent Australian response to climate change. The particular moment in question involved the reporting of visits to Australia in early 2010 by two international commentators on anthropogenic climate change, Christopher Monckton and James Hansen, and an unprecedented attack by the chairman of the ABC on the professional performance of ABC journalists in reporting on this issue. We use this case study to canvass the explanatory merits of several scholarly perspectives on journalistic bias: the well-known ‘balance as bias’ argument by the Boykoffs (2004), the less well-known but incisive ‘independence/ impartiality couplet’ argument by Stuart Hall (1976) and Bourdieusian field analysis.
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O’Regan, Tom, and Catherine Young. "Journalism by numbers: trajectories of growth and decline of journalists in the Australian census 1961–2016." Media International Australia 172, no. 1 (August 2019): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19862935.
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In this article, we use the five-yearly census of occupations to develop an historical perspective on Australian journalist employment from 1961. We do so for two reasons. First, we gauge the impact on journalist employment of online media from 1996 and media platforms since 2006 comparing these to previous media transformations. Second, we explore journalism and its occupational profile noting its close connection with authors and public relations professions. To allow for a period when the Australian Bureau of Statistics placed journalists and authors together as in a single occupational grouping (from 1961 to 1981), we track their combined employment from 1961 to 2016. From 1986, we consider journalists and authors separately. In each case, we consider numbers employed, their respective proportion of the workforce and their compound annual growth rates establishing the extent to which employment grew above – or fell below – that of the workforce as a whole. We show the gradual recalibration of journalists and their writer–author counterparts with respect to each other. From 1996, we outline the performance of different kinds of journalist over the 20 years to 2016 covering both online’s first open Internet decade and its second closed media platform from 2006 to 2016.
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Hanusch, Folker. "Moulding Industry's Image: Journalism Education's Impact on Students' Professional Views." Media International Australia 146, no. 1 (February 2013): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314600108.
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Long-running debates over the value of university-based journalism education have suffered from a lack of empirical foundation, leading to a wide range of assertions from both those who see journalism education playing a crucial role in moulding future journalists and those who do not. Based on a survey of 320 Australian journalism students from six universities across the country, this study provides an account of the professional views held by these future journalists. Findings show that students hold broadly similar priorities in their role perceptions – albeit to different intensities from working journalists. The results point to a relationship between journalism education and the way in which students' views of journalism's watchdog role and its market orientation change over the course of their degree – to the extent that, once they are near completion, students have been moulded in the image of industry professionals.
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Giotis, Chrisanthi. "Dismantling the Deadlock: Australian Muslim Women’s Fightback against the Rise of Right-Wing Media." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020071.
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In Australia, as in other multicultural countries, the global Islamophobic discourse linking Muslims to terrorists to refugees results in the belief of an “enemy within”, which fractures the public sphere. Muslim minorities learn to distrust mainstream media as the global discourse manifests in localised right-wing discussion. This fracturing was further compounded in 2020 with increased media concentration and polarisation. In response, 12 young Australian Muslim women opened themselves up to four journalists working for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). They engaged in critical journalism research called Frame Reflection Interviews (FRIs). The process gave journalists important knowledge around the power dynamics of Islamophobia and empowered participants to help shape new media discourses tackling Islamophobia. This paper proposes that the FRIs are one method to rebuild trust in journalism while redistributing risk towards the journalists. These steps are necessary to build a normatively cosmopolitan global public sphere capable of breaking the discursive link between refugees and terrorism and fighting back against the rise of the far right.
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Heilbuth, Derryn. "Prize or Punishment: The Ethical Challenges for Journalism in the New Millennium." Media International Australia 91, no. 1 (May 1999): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909100115.
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In an environment where cultural diversity, globalisation of the media, societal attitudes towards the media and the impact of technology on journalistic practice have heightened the ethical dilemmas journalists face in the practice of their profession as they head towards a new millennium, this paper examines two cases of Australian journalists using deception and misrepresentation in news-gathering which resulted in two decidedly different outcomes. It also explores the challenges for journalism associations and educators in their approach to the dissemination and teaching of ethics.
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English, Peter. "The Death of Phillip Hughes." Communication & Sport 5, no. 1 (July 24, 2016): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479515597656.
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Cricketer Phillip Hughes died after being struck by a ball in a match, triggering a rare example of commemorative journalism of an Australian athlete in his prime. This case study explores the perceptions of print and online cricket journalists who covered the story, providing an analysis of how their emotions influenced their reporting of an event they were professionally and personally involved in. Employing this approach differs from the dominant focus of examining content in commemorative journalism scholarship. The circumstances of the Hughes story created an unfamiliar environment for cricket journalists, who had to deal with their own emotions while being messengers to audiences in Australia, and across the world. The impact of social media also altered the direction of aspects of the coverage through the Twitter hashtag #putoutyourbats. To examine elements of this commemorative journalism example, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 Australian cricket journalists. The results reflect the respondents’ difficulties in covering the story, their usage of emotion in their work, and their perceptions of social media’s influence.
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Nicholson, Matthew, Lawrie Zion, and David Lowden. "A Profile of Australian Sport Journalists (Revisited)." Media International Australia 140, no. 1 (August 2011): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1114000112.
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This article presents key findings from a survey of Australian sport journalists, the first of its kind since Henningham's (1995) seminal study in the early 1990s. Australian sport journalists participated in an online survey, which asked questions related to their profile and work practices. The findings reveal that in many respects the profile of Australian sport journalists is similar to what it was almost twenty years ago, yet there are indications that both the professional lives of sport journalists and the broader sport media industry are undergoing significant change. Like their predecessors, contemporary Australian sport journalists are ‘30-something’, predominantly Australian-born, work in a male-dominated environment, plan to be working in journalism or the media in five years’ time and have similar views about the functions of the news media. The contemporary Australian sport journalists differ in that they are far more educated, are more likely to be located in Victoria and are now more likely to work in non-print media forms such as radio and online than their predecessors, who were far more likely to work in the print media.
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Henningham, John. "Australian Journalists' Professional and Ethical Values." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73, no. 1 (March 1996): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909607300118.
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In this first comprehensive national study of Australian journalists, the author surveyed 1,068 news people in all mainstream news media. Australian journalists are similar to their U.S. colleagues in distributions of age, sex, and socio-economic background, but have less formal education. Like U.S. journalists, Australians have mixed professional and ethical values and are committed both to investigative and to news-disseminating roles of the media.
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Cohen, Janine. "Conflict reporting: Emotional attachment, a sense of morality and reporting objectively." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v16i1.1012.
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This article explores how emotional attachment and a sense of morality often drive journalists to produce great work in areas of conflict, particularly those solo video journalists who produce long format current affairs. But it also questions if a sense of engagement can impede journalist’s ability to report objectively? And how relevant is this ideal today? Former BBC war correspondent Martin Bell changed his view on objectivity after covering the Balkans War. He advocated for a journalism of attachment especially in war zones and amid human suffering. There are some Australian video journalists whose sense of engagement has defined outstanding bodies of work. However, some practices in the field often defy concepts of impartiality. Issues of, if, or when, to put down the camera and give assistance; or how to remain fair and honest to the story while gaining the long term trust of sources, sometimes challenges journalists.
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Ewart, Jacqui. "Changing Newsroom Culture by Putting Readers First: How Australian Journalists Reacted to a Corporate Change Program." Media International Australia 125, no. 1 (November 2007): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0712500104.
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This article explores the attitudes of journalists towards the introduction of a corporate-change program in the newsrooms of 14 regional daily newspapers in Australia. It draws data from a survey of journalists working for one of Australia's largest regional media corporations, Australian Provincial Newspapers. The article examines the journalists' attitudes towards the change effort, a year and a half after its introduction. The program had two over-arching aims. The first was to bring about a change in the relationship between journalists and their communities; the second was to get the journalists to use more ‘real’ or ordinary people as news sources. The study found that support for the corporate-change program remained high in the 18-month period between its introduction and the survey.
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Ewart, Jacqui. "Changing Newsroom Culture by Putting Readers First: How Australian Journalists Reacted to a Corporate Change Program." Media International Australia 125, no. 1 (November 2007): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812500104.
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This article explores the attitudes of journalists towards the introduction of a corporate-change program in the newsrooms of 14 regional daily newspapers in Australia. It draws data from a survey of journalists working for one of Australia's largest regional media corporations, Australian Provincial Newspapers. The article examines the journalists ‘attitudes towards the change effort, a year and a half after its introduction. The program had two over-arching aims. The first was to bring about a change in the relationship between journalists and their communities; the second was to get the journalists to use more ‘real’ or ordinary people as news sources. The study found that support for the corporate-change program remained high in the 18-month period between its introduction and the survey.
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Mason, Bonita, Chris Thomson, Dawn Bennett, and Michelle Johnston. "Putting the love back in to journalism: Transforming habitus in Aboriginal affairs student reporting." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00018_1.
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While journalism scholars have identified a lack of critical reflexivity in journalism, few have identified ways to educate university students for critically reflexive journalism practice. This article reports on a university teaching project that enables such practice as a means to counter exclusions, stereotyping and misrepresentation of Aboriginal people by large-scale Australian media. Using Bourdieus concept of habitus to track transformations in student dispositions, particularly as they relate to practice, the article shows how participating students became more competent and confident Aboriginal affairs journalists with a strengthened sense of themselves, their practice and the journalistic field. Their investment in the field was strengthened as they sought to tell hidden and disregarded stories, and to include previously excluded voices, perspectives and representations. The article describes and analyses an example of critically reflexive learning, practice and teaching that has the potential to transform students learning, the journalistic field and relations between Aboriginal non-Aboriginal Australians.
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Robie, David. "Pacific Media Watch and protest in Oceania: An investigative free media case study." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i1.186.
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In the past three decades, global and regional media freedom advocacy and activist groups have multiplied as risks to journalists and media workers have escalated. Nowhere has this trend been so marked as in the Oceania region where some four organisations have developed a media freedom role. Of these, one is unique in that while it has had a regional mission for almost two decades, it has been continuously based at four university journalism schools in Australia, Fiji, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Pacific Media Watch was founded as an independent, non-profit and non-government network by two journalism academics in the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism (ACIJ) at the University of Technology, Sydney. Its genesis was the jailing of two Taimi ‘o Tonga journalists, ‘Ekalafi Moala and Filokalafi ‘Akau’ola, and a ‘whistleblowing’ pro-democracy member of Parliament in Tonga, ‘Akilisi Pohiva, for alleged contempt in September 1996. PMW played a role in the campaign to free the three men. Since then, the agency has developed an investigative journalism strategy to challenge issues of ethics, media freedom, industry ownership, cross-cultural diversity and media plurality. One of PMW’s journalists won the 2013 Dart Asia-Pacific Centre for Journalism and Trauma Prize for an investigation into torture and social media in Fiji. This article presents a case study of the PMW project and examines its history and purpose as a catalyst for independent journalists, educator journalists, citizen journalists and critical journalists in a broader trajectory of Pacific protest.Figure 1: A Pacific Media Watch Fiji torture and social media investigation series won the Dart Asia-Pacific Centre trauma journalism prize in 2013.
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Vujanic, Ana. "The future of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Australia’s ‘chilling’ mediascape." Australian Journalism Review 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00060_7.
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Two decades after Pierre Bourdieu published On Television and Journalism chronicling the decline of French public broadcasting and serious news, Australia’s national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), is in the throes of a similar decline. Besieged by a combination of funding cuts, allegations of political interference, pressure from the commercial media sector, nepotism and legislative frameworks at both federal and state levels that have sent a chill through Australian journalism, the ABC is facing challenging times. Through long-form interviews with journalists and senior bureau figures from the ABC Brisbane Bureau, this study seeks to gauge the extent to which the landscape for conducting public interest journalism in Australia has changed since 2018 and what the future of the ABC may look like.
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Cramer, Chris. "What price freedom? Global reporting trends and journalistic integrity." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v16i1.1003.
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Commentary: On 18 May 2009, the ABC’s Ultimo Centre in Sydney, Australia, and on May 22, Massey University’s Wellington campus in New Zealand were host to twin conferences on war reporting. Jointly organised by the global aid organisation International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the Australian Centre of Independent Journalism at the University of Technology, Sydney, and Massey’s School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, the conferences were attended and contributed to by senior international and national news media people—including many who had themselves reported wars—as well as humanitarian, legal and military representatives. The conferences addressed: the role and responsibilities of the journalist in reporting conflict; media, humanitarian and military relationships; an apparent increasing targeting of journalists in conflict zones; and the application of international humanitarian law in times of conflict. The following address by Chris Cramer was the keynote speech at both conferences.
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McKinnon, Merryn, Johanna Howes, Andrew Leach, and Natasha Prokop. "Perils and positives of science journalism in Australia." Public Understanding of Science 27, no. 5 (March 29, 2017): 562–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662517701589.
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Scientists, science communicators and science journalists interact to deliver science news to the public. Yet the value of interactions between the groups in delivering high-quality science stories is poorly understood within Australia. A recent study in New Zealand on the perspectives of the three groups on the challenges facing science journalism is replicated here in the context of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. While all three groups perceived the quality of science journalism as generally high, the limitations of non-specialists and public relation materials were causes for concern. The results indicate that science communicators are considered to play a valuable role as facilitators of information flow to journalists and support for scientists. Future studies on the influence and implications of interactions between these three groups are required.
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Brevini, Benedetta. "Metadata Laws, Journalism and Resistance in Australia." Media and Communication 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v5i1.810.
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The intelligence leaks from Edward Snowden in 2013 unveiled the sophistication and extent of data collection by the United States’ National Security Agency and major global digital firms prompting domestic and international debates about the balance between security and privacy, openness and enclosure, accountability and secrecy. It is difficult not to see a clear connection with the Snowden leaks in the sharp acceleration of new national security legislations in Australia, a long term member of the Five Eyes Alliance. In October 2015, the Australian federal government passed controversial laws that require telecommunications companies to retain the metadata of their customers for a period of two years. The new acts pose serious threats for the profession of journalism as they enable government agencies to easily identify and pursue journalists’ sources. Bulk data collections of this type of information deter future whistleblowers from approaching journalists, making the performance of the latter’s democratic role a challenge. After situating this debate within the scholarly literature at the intersection between surveillance studies and communication studies, this article discusses the political context in which journalists are operating and working in Australia; assesses how metadata laws have affected journalism practices and addresses the possibility for resistance.
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Hanusch, Folker, Thomas Hanitzsch, and Corinna Lauerer. "‘How much love are you going to give this brand?’ Lifestyle journalists on commercial influences in their work." Journalism 18, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884915608818.
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The news increasingly provides help, advice, guidance, and information about the management of self and everyday life, in addition to its traditional role in political communication. Yet, such forms of journalism are still regularly denigrated in scholarly discussions, as they often deviate from normative ideals. This is particularly true in lifestyle journalism, where few studies have examined the impact of commercial influences. Through in-depth interviews with 89 Australian and German lifestyle journalists, this article explores the ways in which journalists experience how the lifestyle industries try to shape their daily work, and how these journalists deal with these influences. We find that lifestyle journalists are in a constant struggle over the control of editorial content, and their responses to increasing commercial pressures vary between resistance and resignation. This has implications for our understanding of journalism as a whole in that it broadens it beyond traditional conceptualizations associated with political journalism.
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Forde, Susan. "The lure of the local: ‘News’ definitions in community broadcasting." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v16i1.1016.
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Journalists and media researchers globally are increasingly expressing concern about trends in the news media industry which would appear to suggest a dire future for quality journalism, and thus democracy, in many developed democratic nations. The US State of the News Media report, now produced annually, regularly reports concerns by journalists and editors—and those who study them—about decreasing investment by news corporations in quality journalism (Pew Centre, 2005; 2006; 2007; 2008). The Australian Press Council has presented its own study to mirror that of the Pew Centre in an effort to report on the Australian context (APC, 2006; 2007). The author has, with colleagues from Griffith University, conducted research into the Australian community broadcasting sector for the past nine years. The research conducted since 1999 has been broad but this article will focus on one element of the research—the news and information services of community broadcasting. The community broadcasting sector is worthy of close investigation, because it is one of the few areas of the Australian media landscape that continues to grow. Importantly, quantitative research into the community sector indicates that 57 percent of the Australian population tune in at least monthly to a community radio station—and more than one in four listen at least weekly (McNair Ingenuity, 2008, p. 4). This article investigates the nature of community news offered by the Australian community radio sector through the perspectives of journalists and producers who deliver the news, and the audiences who access it.
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Lloyd, Justine. "Women's Pages in Australian Print Media from the 1850s." Media International Australia 150, no. 1 (February 2014): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415000114.
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For a roughly a century, from the 1870s to the 1970s, most Australian newspapers ran a section directed towards a woman reader written from a woman's perspective and edited by a female journalist. The rise and fall of the women's editor's ‘empire within an empire’ provides insight into female journalists' industrial situation, as well as a window on to gender relations in colonial and post-Federation Australia. This history matches wider struggles over the notion of separate spheres and resulting claims for equality, as well as debates over mainstream news values. This article investigates the appearance and disappearance of women's sections from Australian newspapers, and argues that this story has greater impact on contemporary digital formats than we perhaps realise.
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Bacon, Wendy, and Tom Morton. "EDITORIAL: Independent journalism." Pacific Journalism Review 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v18i1.285.
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Discussion about the role of journalism in universities too often leaves the impression that our main, and even only game, should be producing employees for major media corporations. This issue of Pacific Journalism Review assumes much more than that. The theme for the issue is investigative journalism, particularly material presented at the ‘Back to the Source’ investigative journalism conference hosted by the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism (ACIJ) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Sydney in September 2011. This was the second regional investigative journalism conference; the first, hosted by the Pacific Media Centre, provided the theme for PJR (MIJT, 2011). These conferences, and indeed Pacific Journalism Review, are based on the notion that the goal of university based journalism is to develop links between journalists—whether full-time employees of major companies, freelancers, academics or students—in order to promote a more independent and critical culture of journalism in our region, without which democracy cannot flourish. This goal suggests a relationship much wider and more challenging than simply the production of qualified journalists.
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Waters, Christopher, and Corinne Manning. "Journalists making contemporary Australian history." History Australia 12, no. 3 (January 2015): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2015.11668536.
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Dickenson, Jackie. "Journalists Writing Australian Political History." Australian Journal of Politics & History 56, no. 1 (March 2010): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.2010.01544.x.
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Fernandez, Joseph, and Mark Pearson. "Shield laws in Australia: Legal and ethical implications for journalists and their confidential sources." Pacific Journalism Review 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v21i1.148.
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This article examines whether Australia’s current shield law regime meets journalists’ expectations and whistleblower needs in an era of unprecedented official surveillance capabilities. According to the peak journalists’ organisation, the Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA), two recent Australian court cases ‘despite their welcome outcome for our members, clearly demonstrate Australia’s patchy and disparate journalist shields fail to do their job’ (MEAA, 2014a). Journalists’ recent court experiences exposed particular shield law inadequacies, including curious omissions or ambiguities in legislative drafting (Fernandez, 2014c, p. 131); the ‘unusual difficulty’ that a case may present (Hancock Prospecting No 2, 2014, para 7); the absence of definitive statutory protection in three jurisdictions—Queensland, South Australia and the Northern Territory (Fernandez, 2014b, p. 26); and the absence of uniform shield laws where such law is available (Fernandez, 2014b, pp. 26-28). This article examines the following key findings of a national survey of practising journalists: (a) participants’ general profile; (b) familiarity with shield laws; (c) perceptions of shield law effectiveness and coverage; (d) perceptions of story outcomes when relying on confidential sources; and (e) concerns about official surveillance and enforcement. The conclusion briefly considers the significance and limitations of this research; future research directions; some reform and training directions; and notes that the considerable efforts to secure shield laws in Australia might be jeopardised without better training of journalists about the laws themselves and how surveillance technologies and powers might compromise source confidentiality.
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Bacon, Wendy. "EDITORIAL: Journalism with integrity." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i1.184.
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This is the third issue Pacific Journalism Review has published on the theme of investigative journalism in recent years. Our first issue (PJR, 2011) followed the first regional Investigative Journalism conference held at the Pacific Media Centre at Auckland University of Technology in December 2010. In that issue, we argued that universities and academic journalists have an important role to play in building a culture of investigative reporting in the region. This issue follows up on that suggestion by focusing particularly on investigative journalism produced in an academic context. The second edition followed the ‘Back to the Source’ conference hosted by the Australian Centre for Investigative Journalism (ACIJ) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in September 2011 (PJR, 2012). Since our 2011 issue, pressures on the business model that once sustained high quality investigative journalism have continued to increase. As we go to press, photographers’ jobs at Fairfax media are threatened. Journalists have mobilised to focus public attention on the role of photographers as newsgatherers. Walkley Award-winning Fairfax photographer Kate Geraghty’s picture of asylum seekers holding up their identity cards as they are transported in buses into the Manus Island detention centre in Papua New Guinea in 2013 is a reminder of how images recorded by journalists courageous enough to defy official restrictions on media have both humanised and publicised the plight of asylum seekers in our region.
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Little, Janine. "Tracks to Advocacy." Asia Pacific Media Educator 24, no. 2 (December 2014): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x14555287.
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This article considers the role of animal rights-based journalism and its connection to teaching media law and ethics to undergraduate students in an Australian university arts faculty. An anecdotal discussion of a reflective practice informing the teaching of an undergraduate course in a journalism major relates questions of ethics and law to broader considerations of the role of advocacy in and around journalism, and media practice. It is argued that animal rights-related stories have a role in training media professionals, and also in inspiring journalists to envision their own work as part of the democratic mechanisms of social and legal reform in Australia.
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Wake, Alexandra, and Gordon Farrer. "What is Journalism For? Call for Journalism Educators to Think beyond Industry Practice." Asia Pacific Media Educator 26, no. 2 (November 28, 2016): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x16671777.
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This article suggests that journalism educators are potentially doing a disservice to the industry by continuing to echo industry practitioner responses to the question: ‘What is journalism for?’ This article reports on a survey of journalism academics and practising journalists in Australia, which found that they predominately share views about the role of journalism. With massive shifts occurring in the way journalism is funded and produced, it is clear that journalism requires new thinking from scholars who have the time and resources to reflect beyond current normative frames and professional values. The authors suggest that in the interests of the journalism industry’s future, the Australian academy should differentiate itself from the industry’s immediate needs and be more forward thinking in its work.
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Nash, Chris. "Playing possum: Straws in the wind of the blogosphere." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v14i2.941.
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This article discusses the blog Possum Pollytics that became very well regarded by its readers, other bloggers and journalists over the course of the 2007 Australian federal election campaign, and examines it for harbingers of the impact of new media on journalists and their publics. The article commences with an account of the main features of the blog, with special reference to its analysis of the voting trends evident in the pre-election opinion polls. It then discusses two issues with respect to the challenge posed by new media uses to professional journalism: firstly, the way that the anonymity highlights the challenge by some bloggers on behalf of publics to the brandname mastheads and journalistic personalities, particularly in the challenging circumstances of no business model for new media; and secondly, that Habermas’ early theorising of the public sphere might re-emerge as a valuable way to understand the current developments.
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Clarke, Patricia. "Government Propaganda in the 1950s: The Role of the News and Information Bureau." Media International Australia 139, no. 1 (May 2011): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1113900109.
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This article examines the background to Australian government information or propaganda campaigns in the 1950s carried out by journalists employed in the Australian News and Information Bureau, the government's overseas publicity unit. It explores the demise of the Department of Information, its replacement by the Australian News and Information Bureau (ANIB), the threats to the existence of the organisation and its increasing relevance in publicising the government's policies arising from the need to counteract adverse publicity generated by the white Australia policy and to publicise the Colombo Plan. It evaluates these campaigns to the extent that surviving material allows, and advances reasons for their success. It draws on information in departmental files, studies of government information policies towards Asia and the personal experience of the writer, who was an ANIB journalist in the Melbourne and Canberra offices during the 1950s.
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Wake, Alexandra. "Journalism training aid by Australians: A case study in the Solomon Islands." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i2.68.
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After the ethnic clashes and generally poor plight of Solomon Islands at the turn of the millennium, the country has been the recipient of substantial international foreign aid, which has included journalism education and training, particularly from Australia. However, little independent research has been done about the role of Australian trainers and the history of journalism training in this period of change and restoration. This article seeks to provide a point-in-time report on journalism training in an aid context, in a bid to provide a baseline for future investigation of changes in the media landscape and training in Solomon Islands. This research draws on independent in-depth interviews with engaged stakeholders in the Solomon Islands, including journalists, civil leaders and government figures. It also discusses the Australian government-funded media aid programmes, including the Solomon Islands Media Assistance Scheme (SOLMAS) and its unnamed predecessor.
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Bennetts, Stephen. "‘Undesirable Italians’: prolegomena for a history of the Calabrian ’Ndrangheta in Australia." Modern Italy 21, no. 1 (February 2016): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2015.5.
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Although Italian mafia scholars have recently been turning their attention to the Calabrian mafia (known as the ’Ndrangheta) diaspora in Australia, their efforts have been limited by conducting research remotely from Italy without the benefit of local knowledge. Australian journalists and crime writers have long played an important role in documenting ’Ndrangheta activities, but have in turn been limited by a lack of expertise in Italian language and culture, and knowledge of the Italian scholarly literature. As previously in the US, Australian scholarly discussion of the phenomenon has been inhibited, especially since the 1970s, by a ‘liberal progressive’ ‘negationist’ discourse, which has led to a virtual silence within the local scholarly literature. This paper seeks to break this silence by bringing the Italian scholarly and Australian journalistic and archival sources into dialogue, and summarising the clear evidence for the presence in Australia since the early 1920s of criminal actors associated with a well-organised criminal secret society structured along lines familiar from the literature on the ’Ndrangheta.
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Murrell, Colleen. "Reporting Asia: Courtesy of Australian philanthropy." Australian Journalism Review 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00056_1.
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The sudden entrance onto the Australian media scene three years ago of a philanthropist bearing AUD 100 million was an innovative fillip for an embattled industry. The Judith Neilson Institute for Journalism and Ideas (JNI) has since announced some bold initiatives to strengthen reporting, including of international newsgathering in the Asia Pacific region. The JNI has enabled The Australian Financial Review to reopen its Jakarta bureau, Guardian Australia to hire a Pacific editor and develop a network of Pacific journalists, and The Australian to produce features on the Chinese diaspora. COVID-19 has caused significant challenges, but results indicate they have been successful in what they set out to achieve ‐ to carry out more international newsgathering from Asia. Other criteria, such as ‘the impact’ of this reporting, are harder to gauge. This article employs qualitative interviewing and content analysis to examine if these three case studies have been successful, according to the ‘five core principles’ of the JNI.
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Castle, Philip. "Communications, contacts, ethics and the mysterious slow death of the contemporary police reporter." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v13i1.884.
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This article, based on interviews, research and the author’s personal experience in the media for more than 30 years as a police/crime reporter, former Head of Public Affairs for the Australian Federal Police and journalism lecturer, will examine the unique challenges and role of reporting police/emergency/crime journalism—how it can work and how it can break down. It will particularly examine the mostly unequal relationships between journalists and official sources where the various emergency services, notably the police, trade on releasing selected information and avoid releasing information if it is unfavourable or inconvenient. It will cover the important aspects of sources, both official and unofficial, on and off-the-record agreements, anonymous sources, ethically and unethically obtained material and the all important overriding considerations of the law including criminal processes, defamation, sub judice, jurisdictional restrictions, pre-trial publicity and trial by the media. These stories can challenge even the most experienced journalist placing demands on almost all of their skills. If done properly, journalists can fulfil the paramount responsibility of informing the public on critical matters and maintaining the media’s role of being an effective Fourth Estate.
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Cass, Philip. "REVIEW: Some bright spots in the gloom." Pacific Journalism Review 19, no. 2 (October 31, 2013): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v19i2.232.
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According to this collection of essays, Australian journalism is in a parlous state, beset by public mistrust, new demands of technology, the insidious influence of public relations and the greed and short-sightedness of newspaper proprietors. We have been here before, of course, and journalists and good reporting have managed to survive, but the challenges are bigger than they have been in the past. Neither have journalists had to contend with quite such a lack of acknowledgement of their professional status.
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Brookes, Stephanie. "‘Join us for all the developments’: Guardian Australia and the construction of journalistic identity in press gallery reporting." Media International Australia 167, no. 1 (April 13, 2018): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18766079.
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The Federal Parliamentary Press Gallery has traditionally held a privileged position in Australian journalism, entrusted with two important democratic functions: providing citizens with political information and scrutinising the powerful. In the last decade, however, significant changes in the global media landscape have impacted the health of Australian political journalism and new spaces for news and information have emerged that challenge the Press Gallery’s authority. This article considers how a new entrant, Guardian Australia, operates in this space through analysis of its explicit discursive construction of its own role, authority and performance. It then maps how these discourses are mobilised in political coverage through a case study exploring the publication’s 2016 and 2017 federal budget coverage. The article argues that Guardian Australia’s self-construction allowed its press gallery and political journalists to reclaim their authoritative democratic role, in the face of competition and change, by embracing both tradition and innovation in its political journalism.
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Mason, Bonita. "Reporting Black Lives Matters: Deaths in custody journalism in Australia." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 26, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 202–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v26i2.1129.
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George Floyd’s death at the knee of USA police sparked protests and renewed reporting of Indigenous deaths in custody in Australia. As the 30th anniversary of the release of the final report of the Australian Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody approaches, it is timely to update Wendy Bacon’s 2005 research on deaths in custody journalism. While most deaths in custody continue to pass in judicial and media silence, this article, written from a white journalism academic’s perspective, includes instances of in-depth reporting since 2005, journalism that meets the Royal Commission’s observation that journalism can contribute to justice for Aboriginal people when it places deaths in custody in their social and moral contexts. It also includes mini-case study of the news coverage of Mr Ward’s 2008 death, which demonstrates the relationship between governmental or judicial processes and announcements and patterns of coverage. It also notes the effect that First Nations journalists are having on the prevalence, perspectives and depth of deaths in custody journalism. Information and resources are provided for journalists and journalism students to more effectively report Indigenous deaths in custody, include Indigenous voices in their stories, and to better understand trauma and take care of themselves, their sources and their communities
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North, Louise. "‘Blokey’ Newsroom Culture." Media International Australia 132, no. 1 (August 2009): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913200103.
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This paper seeks to address the gap in Australian media studies and feminist media scholarship relating to the way newsroom culture is embodied. How does the numerical dominance of men in journalism, particularly in decision-making roles, affect newsroom culture? How do male and female journalists understand this inequality? The paper first briefly attends to research into occupational culture and feminist theories of the body to address the central question ‘How is newsroom culture embodied?’ It then engages with this question more thoroughly via an analysis of my own interviews with 17 Australian male and female print news media journalists. It finds that, even though women have entered the industry in unprecedented numbers, a ‘blokey’ or hegemonic masculinity continues to shape news newsroom culture.
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Henningham, John. "The Journalist's Personality: An Exploratory Study." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 3 (September 1997): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400314.
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Personality, a little-explored variable in studies of journalists, may prove useful in understanding news people's values and motivations. A short test of two personality dimensions was applied to a random sample of 173 Australian journalists, who were found to be more extroverted than the general population, but not significantly different on the dimension of neuroticism. Job stress was related both to neuroticism and to extroversion, while extroversion was related to the valuing of information disseminating roles of media and of direct feedback from the public. Early success in journalism was related positively to extroversion and negatively to neuroticism. Further approaches to the study of personality in journalism are suggested.
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Henningham, John. "AUSTRALIAN JOURNALISTS' REACTIONS TO NEW TECHNOLOGY." Prometheus 13, no. 2 (December 1995): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109029508631981.
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Henningham, John. "Designing a Survey of Australian Journalists." Media Information Australia 59, no. 1 (February 1991): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9105900115.
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Martin, Fiona R., and Colleen Murrell. "You need a thick skin in this game: Journalists’ attitudes to resilience training as a strategy for combatting online violence." Australian Journalism Review 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00021_1.
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In recent years, resilience training has been recommended as a way to protect news workers from the impact of reporting on traumatic events. However, do journalists see it as a useful tool in dealing with online abuse and harassment? This article explores Australian journalists’ conceptions of resilience training, via a thematic analysis of interviews, and their concerns about its effectiveness in addressing digital violence. The study adopts an ethics of care framework for understanding the uses of resilience training in journalism education for increasing dialogic interaction with audiences. It finds that while some journalists understand resilience training’s relationship to positive mental health, the majority are not clear about its potential and how it might be taught. Our analysis also reveals normative beliefs about journalists’ need to develop ‘a thick skin’ against interpersonal and coordinated violence online. Overall, the article raises questions about how journalists might be better oriented to not only self-care but also collective care.
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Cryle, Denis. "Journalism and Regional Identity: The Colonial Writings of George E. Loyau." Queensland Review 3, no. 1 (April 1996): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600000623.
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This discussion of George Loyau's prolific literary output will examine journalism in the wider context of literary production and raise questions about the role of journalists as entertainers as well as social and political commentators. Journalism remained Loyau's working profession for four decades (1860–1898). Yet it is easily overlooked because of his significant contribution to early Australian poetry and history. Loyau's verse and fiction were widely disseminated in the colonial press of the 1860s and 1870s, a time when he wrote for metropolitan and regional papers in all the mainland colonies except Western Australia. Regional Queensland, however, was the starting point and final location for a remarkable career which combined periods of public prominence with harrowing personal adversity. Indeed, the distinctive irony of Loyau's career is that adversity was never more acute than in those periods when his reputation as a poet and historian was being made. By contrast, regional journalism provided Loyau with the material means and social support he lacked in the large colonial centres. A recurring theme for the larger study of colonial journalists is the question of mobility. While metropolitan and political reporting were mostly highly prized by ambitious young journalists, Loyau's career confirms the role of regional networks in journalism and the existence of a class of readers who continued to crave popular fiction and entertainment as weekly staples. Although such journalism remained at odds with the political culture of the Fourth Estate, Loyau's literary persona proved both durable and complex, combining a deepseated sense of cultural inferiority with the celebration of the ephemeral through the practices of popular journalism.