Dissertations / Theses: 'Australian Rules'

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Badock, Philip R. "Performance attributes of talented schoolboy Australian Rules Football players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1992. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1139.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between selected psychological characteristics and performance of a group of talented young Australian Rules football players. The study group consisted of 50 of the best identified schoolboy 15 year old Australian Rules football players in Western Australia. From this group 25 boys were selected to represent Western Australia at the Australian School Sports Council National Football Championships. The selected psychological characteristics were competitive anxiety (trait and state), competitive sport orientation (competitiveness, win and goal orientation) and sport confidence (trait and state). Performance was measured, first, by the selection or non selection of the player in the final team and second, by a high or low performance rating at the completion of the championships. Psychological characteristics of those players who were selected in the team were compared with those who did not make the team in an attempt to identify those characteristics that related to successful team selection. A further comparison of psychological characteristics and performance levels at the completion of the championships was made to determine any common characteristics that identify the higher performing players and possibly to identify predictors of successful performance which could assist with the selection process of other similar groups. The results did not indicate any significant relationships between the selected psychological characteristics of competitive sport orientation, competitive sport anxiety and sport confidence. Nor did the results indicate any relationship between the selected characteristics and the performance of the study group. The results did show however, significant differences between the perceptions of performance as rated by the players themselves and the ratings by the coach, manager, teammates and other independent observer. In every performance rating measure, factor loadings clearly showed that player self-assessments of performance was highly inconsistent with the assessments of the other assessors. This potential area of research may be of significant value in that the player's perception of his performance is not consistent and at variance with the views of the coach and of his teammates.

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Cowan, Sean. "Cracking the code: Why Western Australia abandoned rugby for Australian rules football in 1885." Thesis, Cowan, Sean (2015) Cracking the code: Why Western Australia abandoned rugby for Australian rules football in 1885. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29624/.

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This study of the early years of football in Western Australia investigates the reasons for the abandonment of the Rugby Union rules and the adoption of the new Victorian rules in 1885. Through an examination of the newspapers of the day – which are the only known primary material concerning those events – it will be established that the people of Western Australia were not wedded to a particular code before the 1880s. This changed in 1882 when the first clubs were formed and the Rugby Union rules were adopted. Advocates for the Victorian rules were immediately active, claiming the British game was on its way out elsewhere because it was too violent and not entertaining to watch. As a result, playing that code would rule W.A. out of intercolonial competition in the future, they argued. The ad hoc nature of the matches played in Perth did little to convince people that football was moving in the right direction under the Rugby Union rules, while the footballers who enjoyed playing under them were also able to embrace the Victorian rules because the two codes were not as dissimilar in 1885 as they are today. While historians have previously named Bill Bateman, Harry Herbert and Hugh Dixson as being responsible for forcing the adoption of the new rules, the situation was actually much more complex. Each club voted separately on whether to play under the Victorian or Rugby Union rules in 1885 and there were lobbyists for the new code at each club. Herbert’s importance to the decision taken by the Fremantle Football Club has been over-stated by previous historians, while Charles Bishop has never been recognised for his efforts at the Perth Rovers Football Club. Migration from the eastern colonies and social class were also factors in the change. Before 1885, the homogeneity and insularity of the groups of footballers at each club had weighed against the adoption of the Victorian rules. At the crucial juncture in 1885, however, a group of South Australians, led by Dixson and supported by working class West Australians, formed a new football club. This tipped the balance in favour of the new code.

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Loh, Elaine Y. L. "A comparative study of technical trading rules, time-series trading rules and combined technical and time-series trading strategies in the Australian Stock Exchange." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Economics, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0001.

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[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines and compares the performance of three classes of stock trading strategies in the Australian stock market from 1980 to 2002. ... The first segment of this thesis examines some simple technical trading rules with a twostep methodology ... Our standard test results show that technical trading rules generate excess returns higher than that of the buy-and-hold portfolio equivalent prior to 1991, but generate lower returns in the period post-1991. Bootstrap test results also show that addressing nonnormality, time-dependence and conditional heteroskedasticity in the data reverses the standard test outcome of predictability ... In addition, our sub-sample results also show technical trading rules becoming less profitable over time ... The second segment of this thesis examines trading rules based on the forecasts of four time-series models: the AR(1), AR(1)-GARCH(1,1), AR(1)-GARCH(1,1)-M and AR(1)- EGARCH(1,1) models. These time-series trading rules were examined with standard t-tests and found to be significantly less profitable compared to technical trading rules. Subsample results also show the time-series trading rules losing profitability over time, which supports the conjecture that the Australian stock market became increasingly efficient over time. The third segment of this thesis examines trading strategies based on various combinations of technical trading rules and time-series models ... Due to the weak performance of the time-series trading rules, our results show that combining technical rules with time-series models do not lead to improved forecast accuracy. Sub-sample results again show a strong decline in profitability post-1991, suggesting that technological advancements in the ASX since 1991 enhance market efficiency such that the above simple stock trading strategies are no longer profitable.

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Hayward, Eric Hedley. "No free kicks : the experiences of an Aboriginal family in Australian rules football /." Full text available, 2002. http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adt-WCU20031210.145500.

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Thesis (M.A.) - Curtin University of Technology, 2002.
Cover title. At head of title: Centre for Aboriginal Studies. "This thesis is presented as part of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Arts, Indigenous Research and Development of the Curtin University of Technology" " ... it was this second generation, and particularly Maley, Bill and Eric, who are regarded as the catalysts of the sporting tradition of the family (primarily in football and professional running)."--p. 18. Includes bibliographical references: p. 182-187.

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Bryan, Angela E. "Face-to-face communication in Australian workplaces : a social rules approach /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16510.pdf.

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Cormack, Stuart J. "Neuromuscular fatigue and endocrine responses in elite Australian Rules football players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/19.

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The first purpose of this research was to establish the reliability of numerous measures obtained from a single and short duration repeated countermovement jump (CMJ) utilising a portable forceplate (Experimental Studies 1 and 2). Secondly, the response of reliable CMJ variables and T, C and T:C to a single elite level ARF match was assessed to identify the pattern of response and highlight those measures with the greatest potential for usefulness as monitoring tools across longer periods (Experimental Study 3). Finally, those variables identified as most valuable in Experimental Study 3 in addition to T, C and T:C; were measured throughout a season of elite ARF competition in order to examine the manner of their response and assess the magnitude of change in these variables in relation to performance and training and competition loads (Experimental Study 4).

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Cormack, Stuart J. "Neuromuscular fatigue and endocrine responses in elite Australian rules football players." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2008.0010.html.

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8

au, debbiehindley@westnet com, and Deborah Hindley. "In the Outer - Not on the Outer: Women and Australian Rules Football." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060913.85805.

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This thesis identifies, examines and probes the nature of womens involvement in Australian Rules Football. Rather than have a single theoretical underpinning, an interdisciplinary approach, albeit with a feminist perspective, was applied because of the broad scope of the study. Australian Rules Football is an institution that can transcend class, race, and gender. It is also a multi-billion dollar industry. The game traces its origins back to 1858 and claims influences from rugby and an Aboriginal game called marn-grook. While it is played mainly by men, exclusively at league level, interest and involvement is not limited by gender. Academics and administrators have frequently written off womens involvement with football. Even though scholarly interest in both sport and feminism has grown since the 1970s, little significant work has been undertaken to examine womens interaction with Australian Rules Football. Leading Australian feminist Anne Summers rejected the notion that women could find anything of value in football apart from following players as devoted wives, mothers, girlfriends or groupies. Through investigation of monographs and edited collections, I reveal that myriad scholars, feminists and historians have missed the point of sporting scholarship: many women enjoy involvement with football, they understand the game and its strategies and value being part of the football community in diverse and evolving capacities. The original contribution to knowledge in this doctorate is to demonstrate that while women have had a central role in the development and maintenance of Australian Rules Football since the game was founded in colonial times, their contribution has gone unacknowledged by historians and administrators. My thesis places on record those omissions. Particularly, I highlight the lack of acknowledgement and respect for the work of a woman who authored a comprehensive and seminal social history written on the game. This is the archetypal example of how women, in many roles both professional and personal have been marginalized, despite playing pivotal roles with Australian Rules Football. The original contribution contained in these pages tracks Australian gender relations through the social institution of Australian Rules Football. To create both space and strategies for the revaluation of women in football history, a new model of female fandom is offered. The testimony of the women included is weighty in numbers and pithy in content. The scale of interviews represents diversity in age, class, ethnicity, regionality and role or function with football. Superficially it may appear that women can be placed in taxonomy. Womens involvement with Australian Rules Football is complex and their involvement enmeshes in the many facets and spheres of the game. The completion of this thesis follows the long overdue appointment of the A.F.L.s first female commissioner, Samantha Mostyn, in June 2005. Without disrespecting Mostyn, this was a tokenistic cultural shift by adding a commissioner to the existing eight males with the goal of adding further business expertise, not a new insight or strategic cultural intervention. It also comes at a time when the Australian Football Leagues has a new challenge to address, with the growing interest and participation in Association Football in Australia after the qualification for the 2006 World Cup. At this moment of change and contestation, Womens Australian Rules competitions are impoverished through lack of structural and financial support while womens Association Football, both in Australia and internationally, is flourishing.

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Hindley, Deborah. "In the outer--not on the outer: women and Australian rules football." Thesis, Hindley, Deborah (2006) In the outer--not on the outer: women and Australian rules football. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/97/.

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This thesis identifies, examines and probes the nature of women's involvement in Australian Rules Football. Rather than have a single theoretical underpinning, an interdisciplinary approach, albeit with a feminist perspective, was applied because of the broad scope of the study. Australian Rules Football is an institution that can transcend class, race, and gender. It is also a multi-billion dollar industry. The game traces its origins back to 1858 and claims influences from rugby and an Aboriginal game called marn-grook. While it is played mainly by men, exclusively at league level, interest and involvement is not limited by gender. Academics and administrators have frequently written off women?s involvement with football. Even though scholarly interest in both sport and feminism has grown since the 1970s, little significant work has been undertaken to examine women's interaction with Australian Rules Football. Leading Australian feminist Anne Summers rejected the notion that women could find anything of value in football apart from following players as devoted wives, mothers, girlfriends or 'groupies'. Through investigation of monographs and edited collections, I reveal that myriad scholars, feminists and historians have missed the point of sporting scholarship: many women enjoy involvement with football, they understand the game and its strategies and value being part of the football community in diverse and evolving capacities. The original contribution to knowledge in this doctorate is to demonstrate that while women have had a central role in the development and maintenance of Australian Rules Football since the game was founded in colonial times, their contribution has gone unacknowledged by historians and administrators. My thesis places on record those omissions. Particularly, I highlight the lack of acknowledgement and respect for the work of a woman who authored a comprehensive and seminal social history written on the game. This is the archetypal example of how women, in many roles - both professional and personal - have been marginalized, despite playing pivotal roles with Australian Rules Football. The original contribution contained in these pages tracks Australian gender relations through the social institution of Australian Rules Football. To create both space and strategies for the revaluation of women in football history, a new model of female fandom is offered. The testimony of the women included is weighty in numbers and pithy in content. The scale of interviews represents diversity in age, class, ethnicity, regionality and role or function with football. Superficially it may appear that women can be placed in taxonomy. Women's involvement with Australian Rules Football is complex and their involvement enmeshes in the many facets and spheres of the game. The completion of this thesis follows the long overdue appointment of the A.F.L.'s first female commissioner, Samantha Mostyn, in June 2005. Without disrespecting Mostyn, this was a tokenistic cultural shift by adding a commissioner to the existing eight males with the goal of adding further business expertise, not a new insight or strategic cultural intervention. It also comes at a time when the Australian Football League's has a new challenge to address, with the growing interest and participation in Association Football in Australia after the qualification for the 2006 World Cup. At this moment of change and contestation, Women's Australian Rules competitions are impoverished through lack of structural and financial support while women's Association Football, both in Australia and internationally, is flourishing.

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10

Hindley, Deborah. "In the outer--not on the outer : women and Australian rules football /." Hindley, Deborah (2006) In the outer--not on the outer: women and Australian rules football. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/97/.

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This thesis identifies, examines and probes the nature of women's involvement in Australian Rules Football. Rather than have a single theoretical underpinning, an interdisciplinary approach, albeit with a feminist perspective, was applied because of the broad scope of the study. Australian Rules Football is an institution that can transcend class, race, and gender. It is also a multi-billion dollar industry. The game traces its origins back to 1858 and claims influences from rugby and an Aboriginal game called marn-grook. While it is played mainly by men, exclusively at league level, interest and involvement is not limited by gender. Academics and administrators have frequently written off women?s involvement with football. Even though scholarly interest in both sport and feminism has grown since the 1970s, little significant work has been undertaken to examine women's interaction with Australian Rules Football. Leading Australian feminist Anne Summers rejected the notion that women could find anything of value in football apart from following players as devoted wives, mothers, girlfriends or 'groupies'. Through investigation of monographs and edited collections, I reveal that myriad scholars, feminists and historians have missed the point of sporting scholarship: many women enjoy involvement with football, they understand the game and its strategies and value being part of the football community in diverse and evolving capacities. The original contribution to knowledge in this doctorate is to demonstrate that while women have had a central role in the development and maintenance of Australian Rules Football since the game was founded in colonial times, their contribution has gone unacknowledged by historians and administrators. My thesis places on record those omissions. Particularly, I highlight the lack of acknowledgement and respect for the work of a woman who authored a comprehensive and seminal social history written on the game. This is the archetypal example of how women, in many roles - both professional and personal - have been marginalized, despite playing pivotal roles with Australian Rules Football. The original contribution contained in these pages tracks Australian gender relations through the social institution of Australian Rules Football. To create both space and strategies for the revaluation of women in football history, a new model of female fandom is offered. The testimony of the women included is weighty in numbers and pithy in content. The scale of interviews represents diversity in age, class, ethnicity, regionality and role or function with football. Superficially it may appear that women can be placed in taxonomy. Women's involvement with Australian Rules Football is complex and their involvement enmeshes in the many facets and spheres of the game. The completion of this thesis follows the long overdue appointment of the A.F.L.'s first female commissioner, Samantha Mostyn, in June 2005. Without disrespecting Mostyn, this was a tokenistic cultural shift by adding a commissioner to the existing eight males with the goal of adding further business expertise, not a new insight or strategic cultural intervention. It also comes at a time when the Australian Football League's has a new challenge to address, with the growing interest and participation in Association Football in Australia after the qualification for the 2006 World Cup. At this moment of change and contestation, Women's Australian Rules competitions are impoverished through lack of structural and financial support while women's Association Football, both in Australia and internationally, is flourishing.

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11

Noblet, Andrew, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Assessing the strain experienced by managers and professional Australian footballers using an augmented job strain model." Deakin University. Bowater School of Management and Marketing, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.141959.

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Generic models of job stress, such as the Job Strain Model (JSM), have recently been criticised for focusing on a small number of general work characteristics while ignoring those that are occupation-specific (Sparks & Cooper, 1999). However this criticism is based on limited research that has not examined the relative influence of all three dimensions of the JSM - job demand, job control and social support - and job-specific stressors. The JSM is the most commonly used model underpinning large-scale occupational stress research (Fox, Dwyer, & Ganster, 1993) and is regarded as the most influential model in the research on the psycho-social work environment, stress and disease in recent times (Kristensen, 1995). This thesis addresses the lack of information on the relative influence of the JSM and job-specific stressors by assessing the capacity of an augmented JSM to predict the strain experienced by managers and professional Australian footballers. The augmented JSM consisted of job-specific stressors in addition to the generic components of the model. Managers and professional Australian footballers represent two very different occupational groups. While the day-today roles of a manager include planning, organising, monitoring and controlling (Carroll & Gillen, 1987), the working life of a professional Australian footballer revolves around preparing for and playing football (Shanahan, 1998). It was expected that the large differences in the work undertaken by managers and professional Australian footballers would maximise the opportunities for identifying job-specific stressors and measuring the extent that these vary from one group to the next. The large disparity between managers and professional footballers was also used to assess the cross-occupational versatility of the JSM when it had been augmented by job-specific stressors. This thesis consisted of three major studies. Study One involved a survey of Australian managers, while studies Two and Three focused on professional Australian footballers. The latter group was under-represented in the literature, and as a result of the lack of information on the stressors commonly experienced by this group, an in-depth qualitative study was undertaken in Study Two. The results from Study Two then informed the survey of professional footballers that was conducted in Study Three. Contrary to previous research examining the relative influence of generic and job-specific stressors, the results only provided moderate support for augmenting the JSM with job-specific stressors. Instead of supporting the versatility of the augmented JSM, the overall findings reinforced the broad relevance of the original JSM. Of the four health outcomes measured in Studies One and Three, there was only one - the psychological health of professional Australian footballers - where the proportion of total variance explained by job-specific stressors exceeded 13%. Despite the generally strong performance of the JSM across the two occupational groups, the importance of demand, control and support diminished when examining the less conventional occupation of professional football. The generic model was too narrow to capture the highly specific work characteristics that are important for this occupational group and, as a result, the job-specific stressors explained significantly more of the strain over and above that already provided by the generic model. These findings indicate that when investigating the stressors experienced by conventional occupational groups such as managers, the large amount resources required to identify job-specific stressors are unlikely to be cost-effective. In contrast, the influence of the more situation specific stressors is significantly greater in unconventional occupations and thus the benefits of identifying these non-generic stressors are more likely to outweigh the costs. Studies One and Three identified strong connections between job-specific stressors and important characteristics of the occupation being studied. These connections were consistent with previous research and suggest that before attempting to identify job-specific stressors, researchers need to first become familiar with the nature and context of the occupation. The final issue addressed in this thesis was the role of work and non-work support. The findings indicate that the support provided by supervisors and colleagues was a significant predictor of wellbeing for both managers and professional footballers. In contrast, the level of explained strain accounted for by non-work support was not significant. These results indicate that when developing strategies to protect and enhance employee well-being, particular attention should be given to monitoring and, where necessary, boosting the effectiveness of work-based support. The findings from this thesis have been fed back to the management and sporting communities via conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals (refer pp 220-221). All three studies have been presented at national and international conferences and, overall, were well received by participants. Similarly, the methods, results and major findings arising from Studies One and Two have been critiqued by anonymous reviewers from two international journals. These papers have been accepted for publication in 2001 and 2002 and feedback from the reviewers indicates that the findings represent a significant and unique contribution to the literature. The results of Study Three are currently under review by a sports psychology journal.

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12

Hayward, Eric H. "No Free Kicks : The Experiences of an Aboriginal Family in Australian Rules Football." Curtin University of Technology, Centre for Aboriginal Studies, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13910.

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Aboriginal people make a great contribution to Australian sport in conditions of considerable adversity, and yet their contribution goes largely unacknowledged. This study investigates the experiences of one Aboriginal family with an extensive history of involvement with Australian Rules Football using methodologies which seek, and value, Aboriginal perspectives on their involvement. It privileges Indigenous knowledge. The study focuses particularly on the involvement of the Hayward family in Australian Rules Football - the game they love - and in which they have been intensely involved for many generations. The study describes how the Haywards of southwest Western Australia, like most Aboriginal families, experienced an extensive period of colonisation in which their social and cultural autonomy and power were eroded. The historical experience of Aboriginal Australians is vastly different to that of mainstream Australians, and grossly inequitable, not only in terms of economic and educational opportunity, but also in terms of access to sporting opportunities. In many ways, the story of the Hayward family is representative of the experiences of many Black sportsmen and women over the past hundred years. It is suggested that, in order to understand Aboriginal participation and foster the development of Aboriginal sportspeople of all ages, an understanding of the context of their lives is crucial. This study then, explores my extended family's experiences as participants in mainstream sport. It describes how the Haywards, like their community contemporaries, have confronted the limited opportunities afforded to them in their ambitions to gain access, equity of participation, and appropriate reward for effort in their sporting endeavours.
Over many generations of Aboriginal participation in the game, there has been considerable inequality of opportunity to enter and participate. In their efforts to participate, members of the Hayward family faced many obstacles unacknowledged by non-Aboriginal players, administrators and spectators. The study shows that many of these obstacles had little to do with the sporting prowess of the Haywards. Every past and present player interviewed as part of this research told of circumstances where they felt that they had not been given a fair go - be it by an umpire, a team official, opposing players, players from their own team, or the crowd. For every case of acceptance of Aboriginal players by a football club, there are many stories of rejection by other clubs. Despite these obstacles, the study found that the Haywards (like many Aboriginal people) see sport (and particularly football) as significant in their lives. They love the game but, equally importantly, they believe that sporting prowess can open a path of entry to mainstream society, provide important economic advantages and offer opportunities for broader social participation while maintaining strong traditions of Aboriginal virtuosity and relationships. The study concludes by suggesting that, despite the adversities encountered by this family in their desire to participate in football, there has been much in the game that has brought pleasure, a sense of success, satisfaction and achievement to them. While this is the story of one family, I believe it provides important insights into experiences common to many Aboriginal families and sportspersons, and that this research deepens our understanding of Australian social history. Football has been, and continues to be, a valued part of the lives of many Aboriginal people.

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Veugelers, Kristopher. "Submaximal running testing to monitor training responses in elite Australian rules football players." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2017. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/19524323a09a702bdc9cda095b0c0cd1b0f7a0e3d26326b778a8b3f18f26c804/2491022/VEUGELERS_2018_Submaximal_unning_testing_to_monitor_training.pdf.

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Monitoring training load and training responses in professional football continues to inform athlete management, injury prevention and player welfare. Maximising fitness and minimizing fatigue are finely balanced and differ within phases of the periodised year. It is possible that submaximal exercise tests are more useful than maximal exercise testing to regularly monitor individual training responses in a team environment. The overarching aim of this thesis was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using heart rate measured during a novel submaximal intermittent running test to monitor training responses throughout a season in elite Australian rules football players. The thesis comprised systematic and narrative reviews of the literature, focussing on advances in athlete monitoring within professional football codes. Findings informed the next three studies of original research.

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Karounos, Peter. "Effect of anxiety, arousal and self-confidence on athletic performance of Australian-rules footballers /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsk1872.pdf.

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Kinsella, David T. "Acute physiological and performance effects of a high intensity lower body resistance training session on Australian Rules Football players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/212.

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Previous research investigating the effects of resistance training (RT) on fatigue has used protocols unrelated to the practices of team sport athletes. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the response pattern of specific performance and physiological measures following an acute bout of high-intensity lower body RT in Australian Rules Football (ARF) players over a five day recovery pcriod. Thirty-live resistance trained ARF players were divided into intervention (n = 18) and control groups (n = 17) with groups being matched for age (mean ± standard deviation. intervention = 17.7 ± 0.7: control = 17.7 ± 0.6 .y ears). Weight (intervention == 76.6 ± 8.2: control = 77 .7 ± 7.6 kg). heiight (intervention == 180.7 ± 7.1: control = 181.2 1: 5.7 cm), I RM back squat (intervention = 120.7 ± I 1.3: control = 114.2 ±: 13.3 kg), and IRM power clean (intervention == 67.8 ± 6.7: control == 64.9 ± 9.2 kg) measures. Intervention subjects performed a high intensity lower body RT session following determination of baseline (pre-test) performance and physiological variables. Performance test variables consisted of strength (peak force during an isometric mid thigh pull [IMPT]) power (peak power and vertical jump height of counter movement jump [CMJ ] and squat jump [SJ]), speed (10 metre sprint time), agility (Australian Football League [AFL], specific agility test time), and subjective levels ofrecovery as determined from the total quality recovery (TQR) perceived scale.

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Loh, Elaine. "A comparative study of technical trading rules, time-series trading rules and combined technical and time-series trading strategies in the Australian Stock Exchange /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0001.

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Gabbe, Belinda, and belinda gabbe@deakin edu au. "The descriptive epidemiology of Australian football injuries presenting to sports medicine clinics." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20080603.160908.

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Sports injury prevention has been the focus of a number of recent public health initiatives due to the acknowledgement that sports injuries are a significant public health problem in Australia Whilst Australian football is one of the most popular participation sports in the country, only very limited data is available about football injuries The majority of sports injury data available for this sport is from hospital emergency departments and elite-level injury surveillance Overall there is a paucity of data from treatment settings other than hospitals In particular, there is a lack of information about the injuries sustained by community-level, junior and recreational Australian football participants. One good potential source of football injury data is sports medicine clinics. Analysis of injury presentations to sports medicine clinics was undertaken to provide a detailed description of the epidemiology of Australian football injuries that present to this treatment setting and to determine the implications for injury prevention in this sport. In addition, the data from sports medicine clinics was compared with existing sources of Australian football injury data to determine how representative sports medicine clinic data is of other football injury data sources and to provide recommendations for future injury surveillance n Australian football. The results contained in this thesis show that Australian football is the sport most associated with injury presentation at sports medicine clinics. The majority of injured Australian football players presenting to sports medicine clinics are community-level or junior participants which suggests that sports medicine clinics are a good source of information on the injuries sustained by sub-elite football participants. Competition is the most common context in which Australian football players presenting to sports medicine clinics are injured. The major causes of injuries to Australian football players are being struck by another player, collisions and overuse. Injuries to Australian football players predominantly involve the lower limb. Adult players, players who stopped participating immediately after noticing their injury and players with overuse injuries are the most likely to sustain a more severe injury (i.e. more than four weeks before a full return to football participation and a moderate/significant amount of treatment expected). The least experienced players (five or less years of participation) are more likely to require a significant amount of treatment than the more experienced players. The prevention of lower limb injuries, injuries caused by body contact and injuries caused by overuse should be a priority for injury prevention research in Australian football due to the predominance of these injury types in the pattern of Australian football injuries Additionally, adult players, as a group, should be a focus of injury prevention activities in Australian football due to the association between age and injury severity. Overall, the pattern of Australian football injuries presenting to sports medicine clinics appears to be different than reported by club-based and hospital emergency department injury surveillance activities. However, detailed comparison of sports medicine clinic Australian football data with other sources of Australian football injury data is difficult due to the variable methods of collecting and reporting injury information used by hospital emergency department and club-based injury surveillance activities. The development of a standardised method for collecting and reporting injury data in Australian football is strongly recommended to overcome the existing limitations of data collection in this sport. In summary, sports medicine clinics provide a rich source of Australian football injury data, especially from the community and junior levels of participation. The inclusion of sports medicine clinic data provides a broader epidemiological picture of Australian football injuries. This broader understanding of the pattern of Australian football injuries provides a better basis for the development of injury prevention measures in this sport.

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Millar, John Samuel. "Kinematics of drop punt kicking in Australian rules football - comparison of skilled and less skilled kicking." Thesis, full-text, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2026/.

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The types of kick that are performed in the football codes fall into two broad categories: punt kick and place kick. One type of punt kick is the major means of ball movement in Australian Rules football – the drop punt kick. Past studies have investigated the biomechanics of kicking. The pattern of segmental interaction during the kicking motion – known as the proximal to distal sequence (PDS) – is the most consistent finding that is reported in the biomechanics of kicking literature. In this sequence the proximal segment (thigh) initiates the forward swing of the kicking limb towards the ball and the forward rotation of the distal segment (shank) follows. PDS motions are also typified by a higher angular velocity of the distal segment (shank). Studies that have compared the difference between skilled and less skilled kickers in Australian Rules football have found that the difference in performance is the result of 1) the position of the shank at the end of the backswing is higher above horizontal (further in the clockwise direction) for the skilled than it is for the less skilled, 2) the maximum angular velocity of the thigh during the forward swing is greater for the skilled than it is for the less skilled and 3) the skilled kickers demonstrate greater mean maximum angular velocity of the shank at foot – ball contact. Apart from these findings there is inadequate information about the mechanical features of a skillful drop punt kick. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the kinematics of skilled and less skilled kicking. A general profile of the drop punt kick and the reliability of the kinematic variables were also reported. The reliability study was conducted first. Six subjects were tested on two occasions to establish the reliability of the equipment and methods. Variables were deemed to be reliable if they demonstrated an ICC equal or greater than r = 0.80. Of the 95 variables that were analysed 42% had an ICC greater than r = 0.79 and 25% were classified as having questionable to moderate reliability because r = 0.50 – 0.79. Only reliable variables were used to compare the skilled and less skilled groups. Six elite skilled kickers and six elite less skilled kickers were used in the main study. All subjects used were AFL players at the time of the data collection. Two-dimensional video footage was taken of each kick using a high speed camera (200Hz). The camera was positioned so that its line of sight was perpendicular to the sagittal plane of motion. The video footage of each trial was processed through the Peak Motus motion analysis system. The start of the kicking motion was identified by the maximum cw angle of the thigh. The time of foot – ball contact was the end of the motion. There were two phases that were identified during this time; transition and forward swing. The duration of each was 50% of movement time. The results of the current study showed that the skilled kickers held the ankle in a more plantarflexed position than did the less skilled kickers (skilled 46.7 degrees, less skilled 39.21 degrees, r = 0.70, ES = – 1.06, p = .071) at the time of foot – ball contact. This result indicates that a common trait amongst skilled kickers is the presence of a taut instep at foot – ball contact. This is one trait of skilled kickers that is often referred to by skills coaches within the AFL. The maximum angular velocity of the shank (1402 degrees/second) was higher than that of the thigh (805 degrees/second). The mean knee extension angle at foot – ball contact was 50 degrees and the maximum knee extension angle occurred after foot – ball contact (150% movement time). There was no difference between groups in the magnitude of the angles or angular velocities (p > 0.2). There was a difference in the time between the maximum angular velocity of the thigh and the maximum angular velocity of the shank (p < 0.05). From this result we suggested that skilled kickers are distinguished from less skilled kickers based on the timing of the critical events not the magnitude of critical events.

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Millar, John Samuel. "Kinematics of drop punt kicking in Australian rules football - comparison of skilled and less skilled kicking." full-text, 2004. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2026/1/millar.pdf.

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The types of kick that are performed in the football codes fall into two broad categories: punt kick and place kick. One type of punt kick is the major means of ball movement in Australian Rules football – the drop punt kick. Past studies have investigated the biomechanics of kicking. The pattern of segmental interaction during the kicking motion – known as the proximal to distal sequence (PDS) – is the most consistent finding that is reported in the biomechanics of kicking literature. In this sequence the proximal segment (thigh) initiates the forward swing of the kicking limb towards the ball and the forward rotation of the distal segment (shank) follows. PDS motions are also typified by a higher angular velocity of the distal segment (shank). Studies that have compared the difference between skilled and less skilled kickers in Australian Rules football have found that the difference in performance is the result of 1) the position of the shank at the end of the backswing is higher above horizontal (further in the clockwise direction) for the skilled than it is for the less skilled, 2) the maximum angular velocity of the thigh during the forward swing is greater for the skilled than it is for the less skilled and 3) the skilled kickers demonstrate greater mean maximum angular velocity of the shank at foot – ball contact. Apart from these findings there is inadequate information about the mechanical features of a skillful drop punt kick. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the kinematics of skilled and less skilled kicking. A general profile of the drop punt kick and the reliability of the kinematic variables were also reported. The reliability study was conducted first. Six subjects were tested on two occasions to establish the reliability of the equipment and methods. Variables were deemed to be reliable if they demonstrated an ICC equal or greater than r = 0.80. Of the 95 variables that were analysed 42% had an ICC greater than r = 0.79 and 25% were classified as having questionable to moderate reliability because r = 0.50 – 0.79. Only reliable variables were used to compare the skilled and less skilled groups. Six elite skilled kickers and six elite less skilled kickers were used in the main study. All subjects used were AFL players at the time of the data collection. Two-dimensional video footage was taken of each kick using a high speed camera (200Hz). The camera was positioned so that its line of sight was perpendicular to the sagittal plane of motion. The video footage of each trial was processed through the Peak Motus motion analysis system. The start of the kicking motion was identified by the maximum cw angle of the thigh. The time of foot – ball contact was the end of the motion. There were two phases that were identified during this time; transition and forward swing. The duration of each was 50% of movement time. The results of the current study showed that the skilled kickers held the ankle in a more plantarflexed position than did the less skilled kickers (skilled 46.7 degrees, less skilled 39.21 degrees, r = 0.70, ES = – 1.06, p = .071) at the time of foot – ball contact. This result indicates that a common trait amongst skilled kickers is the presence of a taut instep at foot – ball contact. This is one trait of skilled kickers that is often referred to by skills coaches within the AFL. The maximum angular velocity of the shank (1402 degrees/second) was higher than that of the thigh (805 degrees/second). The mean knee extension angle at foot – ball contact was 50 degrees and the maximum knee extension angle occurred after foot – ball contact (150% movement time). There was no difference between groups in the magnitude of the angles or angular velocities (p > 0.2). There was a difference in the time between the maximum angular velocity of the thigh and the maximum angular velocity of the shank (p < 0.05). From this result we suggested that skilled kickers are distinguished from less skilled kickers based on the timing of the critical events not the magnitude of critical events.

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20

Choy, Grace. "Emotional competence of Chinese and Australian children: The recognition of facial expressions of emotion and the understanding of display rules." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36632/1/36632_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Children's sensitivity to the emotions expressed by their peers, and their knowledge of the display rules that govern the manifestation of facial expressions, are crucial for their social interactions and development. In compliance with display rules, the facial expressions displayed (i.e., apparent emotion) may be incongruent with the emotion experienced (i.e., real emotion). This dissertation investigated Chinese and Australian children's abilities to recognise facial expressions of emotion and to understand display rules in the two cultures. Children's acquisition of these two skills demonstrates emotional competence (Saami, 1999). Participants were 144 Chinese children living in Hong Kong ( 49 percent were boys and 51 percent were girls; 82 four-year-olds and 62 six-year-olds), and 176 Caucasian children living in Australia (56 percent were boys and 44 percent were girls; 80 four-year-olds and 96 six-year-olds). The children were recruited from 17 kindergartens, preschools, child-care centres, and primary schools in Hong Kong and Brisbane, Australia. All children were tested individually. In Study One, all children were presented with a set of facial stimuli displayed by Chinese children (C-FACE) and an equivalent set displayed by Caucasian children (A-FACE). Each set of facial stimuli consisted of seven photographs depicting facial expressions of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, shame and neutrality. The two sets were presented in random order and children were asked to select the photograph depicting each emotion as it was requested by the experimenter. This permits the examination of both in-group perception (i.e., the observer and the displayer of the same culture) and out-group perception (i.e., the observer and the displayer of different cultures). The Chinese set of children's facial expressions of emotion (C-FACE) was constructed specifically for this research. The Caucasian set of children's facial expressions of emotion (A-FACE) was developed by Field and Walden (1982). In Study Two, hypothetical stories that elicit the application of display rules were presented to both Chinese and Australian children. The stories were audio-taped and varied in terms of cultural contexts (i.e., Chinese versus Australian contexts), appropriateness for emotional regulation (i.e., non-regulation versus regulation), emotional valence (i.e., negative versus positive), and the explicitness of motivation for emotional regulation (i.e., implicit versus explicit). Children were asked to select from an array of five different facial expressions both the real emotion experienced, and the apparent emotion shown by the story character. These photographs were from the C-FACE and A-FACE sets used in Study 1. C-FACE was used with Chinese context stories and A-FACE with Australian context stories. Chinese and Australian 6-year-olds were significantly more accurate than 4-year-olds in the recognition of facial expressions of emotion displayed by both in-group and out-group peers. Six-year-old children also had a significantly better understanding of display rules than the 4-year-olds. It seems likely that cognitive factors such as improved perceptual skills and the development of a theory of mind, and socialisation factors such as exposure to and the acquisition of emotional scripts may account for the age differences. Both cultural similarities and differences were found in children's understanding of emotional expressions and display rules. In Study 1, Australian 4-year-olds were more accurate than Chinese 4-year-olds in out-group perception, possibly because of the multicultural experience of Australian children. However, increasing the amount of exposure to Chinese peers did not increase the Australian children's accuracy of out-group perception. In Study 2, Chinese children gave more dissembled responses (i.e., selected different real and apparent emotions) than Australian children, who most often indicated the expression of genuine emotion (i.e., selected the same real and apparent emotion). Chinese and Australian children also had different interpretations of the emotion experienced by the story character in the Chinese context and they used different regulation strategies in a positive context. The provision of an explicit statement about emotional regulation in the story enhanced Australian children's performance without making any difference for Chinese children. These results are consistent with the strength of different cultural demands for emotional inhibition across the two cultures. There was also evidence of cultural similarities. Both Chinese and Australian children demonstrated that happiness, sadness and anger were more frequently recognised than neutrality and shame when they were displayed by in-group peers. Fear and surprise were least frequently identified and reciprocally confused by the two cultural groups. In addition, 6-year-old girls from both cultures were more accurate than their boy counterparts in out-group perception. Moreover, both Chinese and Australian. children had a better understanding of non-regulation and negative contexts than regulation and positive contexts. The present research also found that both Chinese and Australian children were more accurate in recognising facial expressions of emotion displayed by in-group members than out-group members. Both Chinese and Australian children also applied their own cultural display rules in the interpretation of emotional behaviour in another cultural context. These two factors may account for some of the misunderstandings that arise in inter-cultural communications. Overall, the results suggest that the abilities to recognise facial expressions of emotion and understand display rules could be influenced by the age and culture of the subjects, and the culture of the stimuli. In assessing children's ability to understand facial expressions of emotion and the application of display rules it is therefore important to use stimuli from the same ethnic group.

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Clare, Elliot. "Characteristics of scoring instances during the 2016 Australian Football League Home and Away Season." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2385.

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There is an abundance of sports-science related research on Australian Rules football (ARF). However, there is a paucity of research examining the factors contributing to instances of scoring (accurate scores [a ‘goal’; 6 points] and near misses [a ‘behind’; 1 point]) and the characteristics of those instances (e.g. proximity to goal) in both the Australian Football League (AFL; the premier national competition) and the lower levels of the game. Furthermore, goal conversion percentage, i.e. the number of goals divided by the number of scoring instances, has recently been deemed the performance indicator most associated with a successful (i.e. winning) match outcome. Yet, there is limited research detailing the goal conversion percentage from different types of shots (i.e. a ‘set shot’ [unopposed attempt resulting directly from a free-kick or a ball caught on the full] or a ‘general play shot’ [within free play]), on- field locations and time periods. The principal purpose of the present research was to improve our understanding of the characteristics of scoring instances in elite ARF by quantifying: 1) the source (whether that be a ‘kick in’ [a set play that guarantees possession of the ball to a team following the scoring of a behind against them], a ‘stoppage’ in play [a neutral contest that sees one of the games’ officials start/restart the play for the beginning of each quarter, following the scoring of a goal, out of bounds or when the ball’s motion is halted due to congestion] or a ‘turnover’ [losing possession of the ball to the opposition during general play]) and on-field starting location of the chain of events leading to a score (‘chain origin’), 2) the mode by which the ball was transferred to goal, including whether and where the ball commenced from within 50 m of the defensive goal (‘rebound 50’) and/or within 50 m of the offensive goal (‘inside 50’), 3) the duration of the uninterrupted transfer to goal (the ‘scoring chain’), 4) the on-field location of where shots occurred from, the type of shot used, type of score that was recorded (i.e. ‘goal’, ‘behind’ or ‘rushed behind’; the latter occurring when a player deliberately disposes, punches or carries the ball over their own goal line, resulting in one point being conceded) and the ‘goal conversion percentage’ (i.e. the number of goals divided by the number of scoring instances excluding rushed behinds) from each on-field location and shot type, and 5) the time of match at which scores were registered as well as the goal conversion percentage within particular time periods. The secondary purpose of the present research was to determine whether the characteristics described above differed between winning and losing teams. Video footage for all 198 matches of the 2016 AFL home and away season was obtained from the AFL and analysed using SportsCode, which enabled coding of the characteristics described above. In total, 9599 scoring instances were coded, consisting of 5110 goals, 3615 behinds and 874 rushed behinds, with teams scoring an average of 89 points per match, three more points than in the previous two seasons. Turnovers accounted for the largest proportion of scoring instances, followed by stoppages; very few occurred via kick-ins. The majority of scoring instances originated from the forward half of the ground, specifically in the attacking midfield area, whilst few originated from the defensive 50 m area. Instances occurring closer to the offensive goal required less time and fewer passes (player-to-player ball transfers [i.e. ‘disposals’]) to create a scoring opportunity. Scoring attempts were more frequently performed at distances of 30 - 50 m from goal but were more accurate when within 30 m; set shots were more accurate than attempts that occurred in general play. The frequency of scoring instances did not vary throughout matches, with no significant differences apparent between halves, quarters or sub-periods (5- and 10-min periods). Also, goal conversion percentage was not significantly influenced by time, although some qualitative variations were observed. Of the 9599 scoring instances registered during the 2016 AFL home and away season, 5621 (58.56%) and 3978 (41.44%) were scored by winning and losing teams, respectively. Winning teams averaged 108 points to the losing teams’ 70, leading to an average winning margin of 38 points. Despite winning teams recording a significantly greater number of scoring instances, the majority of characteristics for both teams’ scoring instances did not differ significantly. There was, however, a significant difference in the goal conversion percentage between winning and losing teams, particularly for scoring instances in general play, which was noticeably greater than for set shots. Similarly, winning teams consistently converted their shots at a higher percentage than losing teams across all quarters, with the difference most pronounced in the fourth quarter. In conclusion, the present research complements literature across other ball sports; describing how and when the best teams score. The characteristics of scoring instances in elite ARF were not dissimilar to those of soccer and field hockey, both of which feature goals that are located centrally. This would insinuate that tactics employed within these particular codes are interchangeable, thus, the results of the present research have practical applications for sports other than ARF. With respect to ARF, the characteristics of winning and losing teams’ scoring instances were comparable, however winning teams produced a greater number of scoring instances and converted a greater proportion of these into goals. The present research adds to the ever-growing body of work describing the tactics of ARF teams and their players, at the elite level of the sport, with particular reference to scoring.

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Irvine, Brennen. "Lower limb fatigue asymmetry after a repeated-sprint test in Australian Rules Football (ARF) players with and without previous unilateral hamstring injury." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2374.

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Australian Rules Football (ARF) is the most widely played sport in Australia, with hamstring injuries (HSIs) remaining the most common type of injury. The ability to detect differences in strength and fatigability between injured and non-injured limbs might help identify ARF players at risk of HSI, reducing injury rates. A previous investigation revealed that data obtained from an Isokinetic Endurance Test (IET; a fatiguing knee extension/flexion test), performed before and after a repeated-sprint test (RST) could be used to correctly identify previous unilateral HSIs with 100% accuracy in soccer players. However, it remains unknown whether these results can be replicated in other football cohorts, such as ARF, despite the sports sharing similarities in physical demands and movement patterns. It also remains unknown whether simpler tests such as the Nordic Hamstring Test (NHT) can be used with similar success. The purpose of the present study was to (1) determine whether changes in force production capacity resulting from fatiguing exercise (RST) differed between previously injured and non-injured limbs in ARF players; (2) investigate whether a more practical and cost effective test (NHT or RST) can accurately identify previous HSI in ARF players; and (3) attempt to replicate the findings of previous research in a different population of footballers (i.e. ARF vs. soccer). 30 semi-professional ARF players (15 with and without previous unilateral HSI history) performed an IET and NHT before and after a RST. Significant differences between injured and non-injured limbs were observed during the IET when performed after the RST, in previously injured participants, with peak knee flexor torque (PKFT) being greater in non-injured (131.6 ± 16.3 Nm) than injured (120.9 ± 14.5 Nm) limbs (p < 0.001). Hamstring:quadriceps (H:Q) ratio was also greater in non-injured (0.77 ± 0.06) than injured (0.69 ± 0.07) limbs (p = 0.001), and percent decreases in PKFT and H:Q ratio from pre- to post-RST were greater in injured (-14% and -12% respectively) than non-injured (-7% and -5% respectively) limbs (p ≤ 0.003). The percent decreases in PKFT and H:Q ratio from pre- to post-RST identified 80% of injured and non-injured limbs in previously injured participants, showing outstanding discrimination of previous HSI (AUC = 0.911). No statistical differences between injured and noninjured limbs were observed in eccentric knee flexor torque during the NHT, or in ground reaction forces measured during the RST, in previously injured participants. In addition, the NHT and RST were poor discriminators of previous HSI (AUC = 0.622 and 0.556, respectively). The results suggest that previous HSI is associated with reduced concentric knee flexor torque capacity and enhanced fatigue responses after a RST. It also suggests that functional deficits, indicating a player is not back to full function and with potentially greater risk of future HSI, may only be visible when tested after sport-specific fatiguing exercise. While data obtained from the IET might now be examined prospectively for its ability to predict future HSI, a test that can be performed on lessexpensive and readily-available equipment is still required for many ARF clubs.

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Brady, Mark. "Legal adaptability to disruptive technology: A case study of Australian law in relation to harm and automated vehicles." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213657/1/Mark_Brady_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated the effects of disruptive technological change on the Australian legal system. It employed a case study of automated vehicles to examine how the Australian legal system adapts to disruptive technology. It considered several areas of Australian law and agents of institutional change that intersect with automated vehicles to understand how the legal system responds to technological disruption.

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Fairley, Sheranne, and n/a. "Sport Fan Tourism: Understanding Those Who Travel To Follow Sport Teams." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070716.153940.

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Sport events and attractions which encourage both participants and spectators are seen as significant contributors to the tourism economy (Delpy, 1998; Glyptis, 1991; Standeven & DeKnop, 1999). Further, Gratton and Taylor (2000) note that sport related travel accounts for 7% of total expenditure on sport. To date, the main focus of event sport tourism research has been on the economic impact of large-scale sport events (Burgan & Mules, 1992; Crompton, 1995; Mules & Faulkner, 1996; Walo, Bull, & Breen, 1996). However, Higham (1999) posits that smaller scale events such as regular season games may be of greater benefit to the host community as these events are hosted within existing infrastructure and therefore limit the need for public expenditure. However, fans who travel to regular season competition are a market segment that has been largely ignored by both sport and tourism marketers. Sport marketers have focused on home game attendance, media viewership and product purchases, while tourism marketers have focused on leveraging the destination. Anecdotal evidence suggests that fans who travel organise a substantial proportion of their discretionary time and income around this activity. Recent research by Gibson, Willming and Holdnak (2002, 2003) has begun to understand the behaviours of sport fans who travel to home games. This study seeks to understand the behaviours and experiences of those who travel to attend away games. In particular the study asks: What motivates fans to travel to follow professional sport teams, what experiences fans have and seek during the travel, and what place does travelling to follow a sport team have in the overall consumption behaviour of sport fans. This study examined the motives and experiences of six fan groups travelling interstate to follow their Australian Football League (AFL) team in the 2001 season. As the behaviours and experiences of those who travel to follow sport teams have not previously been explored, exploratory analysis using an iterative process of constant comparison between data colleted from the research setting and the existent literature. Using this method the researcher was able to describe the social world under investigation without preconceived hypotheses. The researcher travelled interstate with each fan group, and collected data via participant observation and interviews with key informants. Data were coded using standard protocols for analysis of qualitative data (Spradley, 1980). The researcher read through the transcripts and field notes and coded all phrases and opinions from the manuscript. Data were analysed through the process of data reduction, selective sampling of the literature, and selected sampling of the data (Stern, 1980). From the initial codes, data reduction identified core variables and emergent themes. Through this grounded theory methodology, a conceptual model was developed which illustrates the motives and experiences of those who travel to follow professional sport teams. Three distinct types of groups were identified, each garnering a distinctive sport tourism experience. The groups identified were: supporter groups, long-term travel groups, and temporary travel groups. While travel to follow the team is the stated rationale for all three groups, the game experience for each is substantially different, four major themes emerged which distinguished the groups and the experiences that they had. These were: (1) group structure, (2) trip characteristics, (3) socialisation, and (4) game experience and reaction to game outcome. Each type of group was found to have a distinct group structure, communication pattern, but differed in terms of the objects to which they identified. Findings suggest that sport fans do not necessarily identify with the team or related object, but can identify with a smaller social group, which has a shared interest in the team. These elements of group structure and point of identification were found to have a reciprocal relationship with various travel elements that were utilised by each group including the mode of transport, temporal elements, choice of destination, and activities at the destination. In particular, the travel elements were chosen so that each group type could best express and experience that which is core to each group. Further analysis suggested that the experience of each of the groups was influenced by the continual development of the group both before and during the travel experience. For the supporter groups and long-term travel groups, rituals, symbols, and folklore played a key role in the experience. These elements of performance were used to continually shape and interpret the travel experience. One would expect that the game would have elevated importance, as it is the activity that legitimates each group. However, the on-field game did not have prime importance. Instead the different points of identification of each group were used as a basis through which the game was experienced. Key implications for sport and tourism marketing suggest that the sport tourism experience is more than an experience of place or an experience of watching the sport. Identification with a small social group is sufficient to generate travel to follow a team. By providing a setting which immerses participants in a particular identity for a prolonged period of time, the act of travelling itself can create a social climate that encourages participants to undertake the trip week after week, and form deep connection to the team. Implications for practice and future research directions are also discussed.

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Woods, Carl T. C. "The development of an objective multi-dimensional approach to talent identification in junior Australian football." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1672.

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Talent identification (TID) is a pertinent component of the sports science discipline given the considerable influence it may have within the pursuit of excellence. Thus, research has attempted to identify the determinants of a talented performance through the use of objective testing procedures. However, many of these ‘traditional’ approaches have been operationalised by mono-dimensional objective physical performance tests that do not inherently account for the multi-dimensional requisites of game-play, particularly within a team sporting context. This is problematic when attempting to identify talent, as a successful performance in team sports is often the combination of physical, technical and tactical elements. For example, a physically inferior junior may still succeed against their physically superior counterparts given additional technical and tactical skills; commonly referred to as a compensation phenomenon. Hence, forecasting longitudinal performance based upon one element of effective play (e.g. physical) will likely lead to an unsubstantiated and biased identification. Despite the aforementioned, TID practices in junior Australian football (AF) are predominately facilitated by physically biased objective performance tests. Given the combative nature of game-play, physicality is an important attribute, but solely basing identification and selection on isolated physical attributes can be misleading given the previously mentioned compensation phenomenon. This mono-dimensionality is somewhat expected as to date there is a scarcity of objective tests measuring the multidimensional characteristics of AF game-play. Thus, through the consolidation of a number of theoretical concepts and recommendations proposed within the literature, this thesis aimed to develop a multi-dimensional objective approach to TID in junior AF, and in doing so, identify the determinants of a talented performance. To address this aim, objective physical, technical and tactical measurements were taken on both talent identified and non-talent identified junior AF players through the use of representative performance tests. Indeed, this reflected the first stage of the Expert Performance Approach (Ericsson & Williams, 1991; Williams & Ericsson, 2005) and the Model of a Skilful Player (Launder, 2001). Throughout each research study, talent identified players were defined through participation within the West Australian Football League (WAFL) State Under 18 (U18) Academy (an elite talent development program), whilst non-talent identified players were randomly chosen from the remaining cohort of WAFL U18 players not participating in the State Academy program. Thus, a cross-sectional observational research design was employed for each experimental procedure used throughout this thesis. It is of note that the first three studies utilised players from the 2013 sample, whilst the fourth research study utilised players from the 2014 sample. In the first of four research studies, a range of sport specific physical characteristics were found to differ between talent identified and non-talent identified junior AF players. However, a binary logistic regression model indicated that it was the measurements of standing height, lower body power and maximal aerobic capacity that provided the greatest prediction of talent, and thus important physical determinants of talent in AF at an U18 level. The second study investigated if measurements of technical skill could be used to accurately identify talent in junior AF. Despite the range of technical skills required in AF, the two modes of ball disposal (kicking and handballing) have been deemed critical for success based upon recent research (Parrington, Ball, MacMahon, 2013; Sullivan et al., 2014). Consequently, two representative skill tests were described; the Australian Football Kicking (AFK) test and the Australian Football Handballing (AFHB) test. Results indicated that the majority of the talent identified players possessed superior ball disposal skills in comparison to their non-talent identified counterparts. Specifically, measures of accuracy and ball speed on both the dominant and non-dominant sides reflected the strongest prediction of talent for the AFK test, and measures of accuracy on both dominant and non-dominant sides reflected the strongest prediction of talent for the AFHB test. These results reinforced the construct of each test, and highlighted their effectiveness for use as an objective TID tool in AF. Research had yet to investigate if decision-making skill was predictive of talent in junior AF despite its suggested importance for the exhibition of an expert performance in the game. The third study in this research series attempted to fill this remaining gap and objectively quantify decision-making skill through the use of a video-based decision-making task. In order to construct such a task, video footage was obtained from the Australian Football League (AFL) using an aerial behind-the-goal camera perspective. Through the use of an expert coaching panel, 26 clips out of an initial sample of 52 were deemed applicable, as each consisted of approximately three to five possible decision-making options. Results indicated that the talent identified players performed the task more accurately in comparison to their non-talent identified counterparts, and was thus a valuable objective tool for identifying talent at an U18 level. The fourth and final study in this research series investigated if the application of a multi-dimensional battery of objective performance tests provided more accurate TID in AF when compared to isolated performance measures. The construction of this test battery was informed by the results of studies one, two and three, but to ensure the translation of this test battery, it was applied to the 2014 U18 cohort, not the 2013 cohort which was done in the previous studies. However, the definition of talent identified and non-talent identified remained consistent with the previous studies. Results indicated that the majority of the talent identified players possessed a superior combination of physical, technical and tactical characteristics in comparison to their non-talent identified counterparts. Specifically, a receiver operating curve indicated a classification accuracy of 95% when summating the total scores obtained for each physical, technical and tactical test. This classification accuracy supports the implementation of multi-dimensional objective designs over the traditional monodimensional designs when attempting to identify talent in team sporting contexts. This thesis was motivated by the need to enhance the accuracy and reliability of current TID practices in AF by developing an objective multi-dimensional approach. In doing so, it contributes an important body of research to the study of TID by providing a conceptually translatable means in which the development of such an approach can be undertaken in other team sports.

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Murray, Ashnil C. "Twelve not so angry men: Masculinities and the perceptions of the 'off-field' violence involved in Australian body contact sports." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/89422/4/Ashnil_Murray_Thesis.pdf.

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Recently, media 'scandals' have pervaded a number of Australian body contact sports, in particular rugby league, rugby union and Australian rules football. Utilising the theoretical framework of masculinities, this research interviews footballers to gauge their perceptions of this media attention and how it compares to their own perspectives regarding off-field violence. Drawing inspiration from James Messerschmidt's (2000) 'Nine Lives' study and R.W. Connell's (1995) theoretical masculinities framework, in-depth, semi-structured interviews—known as life histories—were conducted with 12 footballers. Twelve life histories were completed with four men from each of the three major Australian football codes, namely Australian rules football, rugby union and rugby league. The research explores linkages between masculinity, body contact sport and engagement (or lack thereof) in violence 'off field'.

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Balloch, Aaron. "Development, assessment and application of a novel algorithm to automatically detect change of direction movement and quantify its associated mechanical load in elite Australian Football." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2305.

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The ability to change direction rapidly and efficiently is critical to team-sport performance, including Australian football (AF), where a player’s capacity to rapidly decelerate, move laterally and re-accelerate is critical when evading opponents, tackling, or reacting to the unpredictable bounce of the ball or movement of another player. The biomechanical loading requirements of change of direction (COD) movement are angle and velocity dependant. Cumulative COD movement can impart high levels of neuromuscular and metabolic fatigue which can adversely affect the efficiency of subsequent movement efforts. Despite widespread use of microtechnology devices (the vast majority containing a global navigation satellite system receiver and inertial sensors) in elite level team-sport, a valid solution to automatically detect COD events and quantify the associated biomechanical load of these movements on-field remains absent. This project served to develop an algorithm that can automatically detect COD events, quantify the angle of the COD event and quantify the associated biomechanical load of each COD event. Study 1 and 2 were primarily focused on assessing the validity and reliability of the detection and angle quantification portions of the algorithm in both structured (Study 1) and unstructured (Study 2) movement environments, whilst Study 3 introduced a COD biomechanical load quantification technique to profile the COD demands of match play and a variety of match simulation training drills, provide comparisons between playing positions, and assess any similarities or differences with existing proprietary locomotive metrics. Whilst both COD event detection and angle quantification were highly accurate in a structured environment (Study 1), the accuracy of the angle quantification was severely reduced during unstructured, match-simulation training (Study 2). Utilising the event detection and biomechanical load quantification portions of the algorithm together, without angle quantification, the COD demands of match play were significantly lower than three different training drill types when expressed relative to time, whilst several positional differences were also present in COD demands across an entire season (Study 3). Study one assessed the validity and reliability of a novel algorithm to automatically detect and calculate COD angle for pre-determined COD events ranging from 45° to 180° in both left and right directions. Five recreationally active males ran five consecutive predetermined COD trials each, at four different angles (45°, 90°, 135° and 180°) in each direction wearing a commercially available microtechnology unit (Optimeye S5, Catapult Innovations). Raw inertial sensor data were extracted, processed using our novel algorithm to calculate COD angle, and compared against a high-speed video (remotely piloted, position-locked drone aircraft) criterion measure. Concurrent validity was present for the following angles; (Left: 135°= 136.3 ± 2.1° and Right: 45°= 46.3 ± 1.6°; 135°= 133.4 ± 2.0°; 180°= 179.2 ± 5.9°) with a mild bias (< 5° or 6%) present for remaining angles; (Left: 45°= 43.8 ± 2.0°; 90°= 88.1 ± 2.0°; 180°= 181.8 ± 2.5° and Right: 90°= 91.9 ± 2.2°). All measurement of angles demonstrated good reliability (CV < 5%), whilst greater mean bias (3.6 ± 5.1°), weaker limits of agreement and reduced precision were evident for 180° trials when compared with all other angles (p < 0.001). These results confirm the high-level of accuracy and reliability of our novel algorithm to detect COD events and quantify COD angle during pre-determined COD trials and further advocates the use of inertial sensors to quantify sports-specific movement patterns. Study two assessed the validity and reliability of both the original COD algorithm (Study 1) as well as an enhanced version to automatically detect COD events during Australian football match simulation training. The accuracy of detected COD angles was assessed from both absolute angle and discrete categorisation through multi-rater video observation as the criterion measure. Twenty-five elite, professional male Australian footballers’ completed a match simulation training drill on a modified playing area (140 m x 70 m) where video footage was recorded from multiple angles (rear and perpendicular to play) and a 3-minute portion of the drill was synchronised and chosen for the manual coding process to be performed by three different expert raters. Each rater was required to manually note the time-point that each player performed a COD event, whilst also required to document the direction (i.e. left or right), a precise COD angle (between 30° and 180°) and to subsequently categorise the COD angle into pre-determined angle zones (Zone 1: 30-60°, Zone 2: 61-90°, Zone 3: 91-120°, Zone 4: 121-150°, Zone 5: 151-180°). Sensitivity of the enhanced algorithm (95.1%) in correctly detecting COD events was greater than the original version of the algorithm (50.9%), however, the enhanced algorithm significantly underestimated mean COD angle (absolute) (p < 0.01, d = 1.07 – 1.13) and mean COD angle zone (discrete) (p < 0.01, d = 0.84 – 0.91) when compared against each of the expert raters, whom demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability for both COD angle (ICC: 0.997, p < 0.001) and COD angle zone allocation (ICC: 0.993, p < 0.001). The COD event detection capacity of the enhanced algorithm remained high in unstructured, chaotic, match simulation training, whilst the COD angle detection accuracy was poor, likely due to the spontaneous nature of the training drill and individual biomechanical variation to pre-determined versus reactive COD movement. The accuracy of the COD event detection portion of the algorithm provides an opportunity to further integrate sensor signal outputs in a different manner to obtain and track mechanical loading requirements of on-field COD movement during team-sport activity. Study three provided a method to quantify the mechanical load associated with each COD event which was subsequently used to profile the COD demands of 3 different training drills for comparison against match play data. Positional differences in COD demands were also assessed across the season, whilst our newly developed COD metrics were compared against existing proprietary metrics to determine their novelty. Forty-five elite Australian footballers’ provided player movement data via a commercially available microtechnology unit (Optimeye S5, Catapult Innovations) for both training and match play across the course of an entire AFL premiership season. Three different types of match simulation style training drills were compared to assess the effect that field size and player density has on COD frequency and load (and other proprietary movement metrics). Each of these drill types were also compared against match play to ascertain whether these drills meet the COD (and other movement) requirements of match play, where match play positional COD demands were also assessed across the course of a season. The relative COD demands (COD frequency and load relative to time) of each training drill type (Small-Sided Games (SSG), Mini Footy, Team Training) were greater than match play (p < 0.01), whilst the COD demands of each drill were proportional to field size and player density of each specific drill where SSG demonstrated the greatest demand for COD frequency and load, followed by Mini Footy, then Team Training. During match play, the relative COD requirements (CODAlg) were greater for inside midfielders when compared against mobile defenders (p = 0.001, d = 0.90, moderate) and tall forwards (p = 0.031, d = 1.04, moderate). Additionally, outside midfielders (p = 0.048, d = 0.54, small) and mobile forwards (p = 0.027, d = 1.07, moderate) accumulated significantly more COD events than mobile defenders. Inside midfielders recorded a significantly higher rate of COD load (CODLoadAlg) than mobile defenders (p < 0.001, d = 1.33, large), rucks (p = 0.026, d = 1.25, large) and mobile forwards (p = 0.047, d = 0.03, trivial). Both outside midfielders (p = 0.008, d = 0.91, moderate) and mobile forwards (p = 0.003, d = 1.39, large) recorded a significantly higher rate of CODLoadAlg than mobile defenders. CODAlg and CODLoadAlg were largely correlated (p < 0.01) with relative IMA-COD during each training drill as well as match play. Almost all relative physical output measures (except IMA-Decel) decreased during each subsequent period (quarter and half) of match play. The COD demands of three different types of match simulation training drills all exceeded the demands of match play, however, whilst at a lower rate, players are required to sustain these COD demands for a far greater duration (i.e. across an entire match where physical output markedly changes), when compared with training drills. Differences in COD demands present across positions may provide unique information that enables individualised, position-specific training prescription to more closely align with the evident differences during match play. These novel COD movement metrics may provide an alternative insight into the movement demands of team-sports and ultimately enhance load monitoring practice to optimise performance and reduce injury risk. These three experimental studies as a collective provide a valid solution to detecting COD events and quantifying the associated mechanical load of COD movement during on-field team-sport activity; as well as provides a unique insight into the COD prevalence and mechanical load requirements of AF training and match play. The findings of this thesis may extend beyond elite AF and have the potential to influence future practice in various other team-sport environments.

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Mahabir, Sujan Sanjay. "A comparative analysis of New Zealand and Australian offshore investment rules a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2008." Abstract Full dissertation, 2008.

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Kulkarni, Ambarish. "Design and manufacture of car carrier." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010.

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Currently the loading of cars in car carrier is done manually by the truck drivers. The drivers load car carrier by climbing over the height of 1.5 meters, which is limitation in existing designs. While loading cars on the top of the prime mover, driver needs to reach top of the car carrier to load and strap cars in positions above 1.5 meters. This cause's potential risks on falls from heights; identified as an issue in car carrier sector by OHS authorities. This research focuses on health and safety issues in present car carriers and improvement in designing of a car carrier, which eliminates loading of cars above 1.5 meters from ground level. This research develops a new car carrier with improved design mechanisms to avoid the climbing of the driver over the height of 1.5 meters without compromising on specifications of car carrier, including number of cars, variety of cars like SUV, small cars etc. For the first time in the sector, car carrier is developed which will be capable of loading eight cars and safe by design due to elimination of drivers climbing on identified risk areas. After a short review of historic origin of the sector and identifying problems in present car carriers, research emphasises on development of car carrier to overcome falls related issues. Discussions on different layouts, to resolve problems identified and keeping design complaint with ADR and OHS regulations are presented. Latest techniques in product development including virtual design process (VDP), computer aided design (CAD), product data management (PDM), and finite element analyses (FEA) were used throughout car carrier designs for validation and verifications.

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Teh, Melissa. "Australians' and Tongans' responses to escalating workplace conflict : a social rules analysis /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16827.pdf.

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Seymour, Jillaine. "Judicial response to the representative parties rule in England and Australia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:584cf9d7-4c22-4aee-97f2-4f82e327bb7c.

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Use of the representative parties rule in England and Australia has been stifled by restrictive interpretation of the circumstances in which it is available. Chapter 1 demonstrates that the predominant test in England for the 'same interest' required by the rule would, if consistently applied, defeat any claim to use the rule. The recent change of test in Australia widens the rule's potential scope but does not appear to have resulted in significantly more liberal interpretation. Chapter 2 discusses the rule's operation, including res judicata, the enforcement of judgments, and the protection of the interests of those represented and of the named parties. It concludes that the rule diverges from the traditional model of individual voluntary civil litigation, and is characterised by uncertainty. Chapter 3 argues that this uncertainty may have encouraged a defensive posture by the courts, limiting use of the rule and avoiding the need to address those issues which demand resolution. Chapter 4 notes that various features of the rule undermine a number of principles commonly associated with procedural fairness. It is argued that judicial response to these features often pays insufficient attention to two issues. The first is whether the purpose which the principle is expected to promote is in fact protected by the rule, even if the principle itself is undermined. The second is the need to balance the rule's limitation of some principles against its particular benefits. It is further argued that some successful representative claims exemplify circumstances in which the primary purpose of procedural law (accurate application of the substantive law) is served by the rule. Chapter 5 identifies other successful representative claims, particularly against representatives of the members of unincorporated associations, which, it is argued, ought to be viewed not as supporting accurate application, but rather as facilitating development, of the substantive law.

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Huang, Paula. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments : are the rules appropriate?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61917/24/Paula%20Huang%20Thesis.pdf.

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The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is an aspect of private international law, and concerns situations where a successful party to litigation seeks to rely on a judgment obtained in one court, in a court in another jurisdiction. The most common example where the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments may arise is where a party who has obtained a favourable judgment in one state or country may seek to recognise and enforce the judgment in another state or country. This occurs because there is no sufficient asset in the state or country where the judgment was rendered to satisfy that judgment. As technological advancements in communications over vast geographical distances have improved exponentially in recent years, there has been an increase in cross-border transactions, as well as litigation arising from these transactions. As a result, the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is of increasing importance, since a party who has obtained a judgment in cross-border litigation may wish to recognise and enforce the judgment in another state or country, where the defendant’s assets may be located without having to re-litigate substantive issues that have already been resolved in another court. The purpose of the study is to examine whether the current state of laws for the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Australia, the United States and the European Community are in line with modern-commercial needs. The study is conducted by weighing two competing objectives between the notion of finality of litigation, which encourages courts to recognise and enforce judgments foreign to them, on the one hand, and the adequacy of protection to safeguard the recognition and enforcement proceedings, so that there would be no injustice or unfairness if a foreign judgment is recognised and enforced, on the other. The findings of the study are as follows. In both Australia and the United States, there is a different approach concerning the recognition and enforcement of judgments rendered by courts interstate or in a foreign country. In order to maintain a single and integrated nation, there are constitutional and legislative requirements authorising courts to give conclusive effects to interstate judgments. In contrast, if the recognition and enforcement actions involve judgments rendered by a foreign country’s court, an Australian or a United States court will not recognise and enforce the foreign judgment unless the judgment has satisfied a number of requirements and does not fall under any of the exceptions to justify its non-recognition and non-enforcement. In the European Community, the Brussels I Regulation which governs the recognition and enforcement of judgments among European Union Member States has created a scheme, whereby there is only a minimal requirement that needs to be satisfied for the purposes of recognition and enforcement. Moreover, a judgment that is rendered by a Member State and based on any of the jurisdictional bases set forth in the Brussels I Regulation is entitled to be recognised and enforced in another Member State without further review of its underlying jurisdictional basis. However, there are concerns as to the adequacy of protection available under the Brussels I Regulation to safeguard the judgment-enforcing Member States, as well as those against whom recognition or enforcement is sought. This dissertation concludes by making two recommendations aimed at improving the means by which foreign judgments are recognised and enforced in the selected jurisdictions. The first is for the law in both Australia and the United States to undergo reform, including: adopting the real and substantial connection test as the new jurisdictional basis for the purposes of recognition and enforcement; liberalising the existing defences to safeguard the application of the real and substantial connection test; extending the application of the Foreign Judgments Act 1991 (Cth) in Australia to include at least its important trading partners; and implementing a federal statutory scheme in the United States to govern the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The second recommendation is to introduce a convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The convention will be a convention double, which provides uniform standards for the rules of jurisdiction a court in a contracting state must exercise when rendering a judgment and a set of provisions for the recognition and enforcement of resulting judgments.

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Tooma, Rachel Anne Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "A case for a uniform statutory general anti-avoidance rule in Australian taxation legislation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/29348.

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Taxpayer certainty is the most frequently cited argument against statutory General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAARs). However the vast literature criticising statutory GAARs fails to consider the extent of taxpayer uncertainty, and the potential for taxpayer uncertainty, in jurisdictions without a statutory GAAR. This thesis examines that gap in the literature. The thesis uses inductive reasoning to suggest that there is greater taxpayer certainty where a statutory GAAR exists and is appropriately administered. Specifically, it uses a case study to demonstrate that there is greater uncertainty for taxpayers where the administration, the judiciary and the legislature may use their vast powers to address perceived avoidance. The thesis then considers the form of a statutory GAAR that may best be expected to promote taxpayer certainty. Such analysis involves a comparison of Australia???s oldest statutory GAAR, Part IVA of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth) (and its predecessor section 260), with the more recent GAARs in Australia???s indirect tax legislation (GST and state stamp duty), and the GAARs of other jurisdictions, including New Zealand, Canada and South Africa. In order to promote taxpayer certainty, a uniform statutory GAAR is ultimately proposed for all Australian taxation legislation, with safeguards to ensure the appropriate administration of the uniform GAAR.

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Knight, Raymond. "The interplay of formal and informal rule systems in government primary schools." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/951.

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The aim of this dissertation is to examine the effects of regulation upon the practice and behaviour of teachers within a bureaucratic educational organisation. More specifically, the study had been designed to understand how teachers make sense of the rules and regulations of their organisation and identify strategies that they apply to make these rules serve these interests. The rule system theory of Swedish sociologist, Burns and Flam, was employed to inform the study. Thirty teachers, employed at two school sites, were included in this qualitative study. The initial data were collected by questionnaires and a survey of formal rules. From this initial population a stratified sample of fourteen people was selected for interview. Eight subjects were interviewed a second time. The data collected by these means was coded according to its correspondence to the research questions raised for the study. The most significant finding arising from this study was that teachers' knowledge and level of consciousness of the rules and regulations were minimal. Information that they did have was gained through immersion in their workplace and contained a great deal of informal or cultural lore, based upon approximations of the actual regulations The teachers tended to rely on the principal of the school for information about what was permissible and what was not, including role reference direction. All of the teachers interviewed reported that they had an obligation to work within the rules and regulations, even though, as indicated above, they were not aware of the specifics of the formal rule system. A second significant finding related to the responses of the school administrators. Unlike the teachers, their knowledge of the rules was comprehensive but they reported that they often ‘interpreted' the regulation seeking the 'spirit rather than the 'letter' of the rule. They all reported that they believed the rules to be out-dated and, in many cases, irrelevant. Some of the administrators interviewed reported negative attitudes towards the regulations, bordering on contempt in one case the principals reported that they disregarded many of the rules when they felt impeded by them. The only exceptions were rules that carried negative sanctions for non-compliance. Therefore, much of the school level regulation was based on approximations of the official rules and regulations developed by the principal, who assured compliance amongst their staff. It is clear from this study that descriptions of schools as rule governed institutions are oversimplifications of how the formal and informal rule systems, as suggested by Burns and Flam, serve to steer bureaucratic organisations. Senior administrators use the formal rules to establish and bolster their power and authority; at the same time they use considerable discretion in applying or ignoring official rules in order to accomplish what they determine is in the interests of the school.

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McManus, Peter. "Rules and discretion in family law : a study of the exercise of judicial discretion in the Family Court of Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19151.pdf.

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Cullen, Lisa M. "Determinants of corporate governance disclosures by Australian listed companies subsequent to the introduction of ASX listing rule 4.10.3." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/751.

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This study has considered the incentives motivating listed mining and industrial companies to provide governance related disclosures in their annual reports. An examination is made of the impact of listing rule 4.10.3 that was applicable from 30 June 1996. Accordingly the years 1995, 1996 and 1997 are examined. A sample of 100 mining companies and 100 industrial companies was drawn primarily from the Connect 4 database of companies. Adopting political cost theory the study hypothesised that governance disclosures were positively related to the proportion of non-executive directors, gearing, ownership diffusion, Big 6 external auditor and firm size.

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37

Zeng, Jinghan. "The Chinese Communist Party's capacity to rule : legitimacy, ideology, and party cohesion." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/64241/.

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This thesis studies the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s capacity to rule in contemporary China by examining (a) its quest for popular legitimacy and (b) its search for party cohesion. In explaining the CCP’s ruling basis, a plethora of political science and economics literature has pointed to China’s economic growth. Conventional wisdom considers ideology to be obsolete and the political reform to be too limited to take any substantive effect in China. This thesis argues that ideological adaptation and the institutionalization of power succession play crucial roles in maintaining the CCP’s popular legitimacy and party cohesion. China’s economic success is certainly important, however, it also creates a fundamental dilemma of the CCP’s rule. If a communist party is not to deliver communism and class victory, why is it there at all? There is a potential contradiction between generating economic success by utilizing quasi capitalist economic policies on the one hand, and the fact that this is a communist party that supposedly justifies its rule by being the vehicle to deliver a communist society on the other. This thesis shows how the CCP has been constantly revising its ideological basis for justifying – if not legitimizing – its rule. By studying the CCP’s ideological discourses, the mechanism of ideological promotion, and their effectiveness, this thesis makes a valuable contribution to the relevant literature. In addition to ideology, the institutionalization of power succession is also crucial to the CCP’s rule. During Mao Zedong’s rule, an un-institutionalized power system had caused endless fierce power struggles within the party, which indirectly led to economic stagnation and social unrest. Thirty years of institutionalization has made leadership transitions in China more stable, transparent, predictable, and smoother now than ever before. By offering a large amount of first- and second-hand data on China’s leadership transition, this thesis shows how the institutionalization of power succession helps to maintain regime stability and legitimacy.

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Logarajah, Saravanarajah. "Confronting the new frontier of evidence: Are the current rules of evidence in Western Australia capable of dealing effectively with digital evidence?" Thesis, Logarajah, Saravanarajah (2015) Confronting the new frontier of evidence: Are the current rules of evidence in Western Australia capable of dealing effectively with digital evidence? Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41659/.

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Digital evidence may be retrieved from mobile phone logs, messages posted on social media websites, information stored on computer hard drives and electronic mail messages. We use information and communications technology driven by digital technology every time we make a call with our mobile phones or withdraw money from an automated teller machine. The growing use of information and communications technology has led to the creation of an abundance of digital material that may become relevant as evidence in a legal dispute. There are numerous differences between digital evidence and hardcopy paper evidence. Some of these differences involve availability of metadata, level of persistence, the level of duplicability and volume, the level of vulnerability to corruption and the ease of modification. Notwithstanding these differences, both digital material and paper material are admitted into evidence in Western Australian courts through a general provision which admits most documents, s 79C of the Evidence Act 1906 (WA). Advances in technology have led to issues such as the development of malware and uncertainty in authorship of digital evidence which create difficulties in assessing the reliability of digital evidence. The last comprehensive review of Evidence Act 1906 (WA) which focused mainly on the admission of computer records and documentary statements evidence was undertaken by the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia in 1980. The amendments which addressed the Commissions were implemented in 1987. Those amendments occurred well before the internet gained global popularity or social-networking was even developed. The current provisions in the Evidence Act 1906 (WA) that admit digital evidence evidence may be outdated as they were developed mainly to deal with computer records that were used as a back-up for hardcopy paper documents and not modern technologies such as digital communication. These provisions do not require authorship of electronic statements to be proven and also do not deal with the inherent reliability issues of digital evidence. Consequently, WA courts may fail in their role as gatekeepers in preventing unreliable evidence from being considered by the juries. These outdated provisions may also be unduly burdensome on litigants who may wish to rely on digital evidence to prove their case.

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39

Ahmad, Malik Hammad. "The struggle for democracy in Pakistan : nonviolent resistance of military rule 1977-88." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77074/.

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Pakistan is regarded widely today as a country continuing turmoil, in which multiple centres of political and armed power compete with each other, using violence as much as due democratic processes to settle their differences. And yet, as this dissertation seeks to show, there is also a tradition of democracy that has been fought for and won in ongoing nonviolent movements For almost half its life since its creation in 1947, military dictators, of whom there have been four in all, have ruled Pakistan. Amongst these, General Zia-ul-Haq ruled the longest at more than eleven years from July 1977 to August 1988. He not only executed Zulfiquar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan former Prime Minister but he was also able to bring about fundamental changes in the legal, political, religious, social and cultural affairs of the country. His rule is often considered a ‘dark age’ in the history of Pakistan. Two movements – the campaign to save Bhutto 1977-1979 and the Movement for the Restoration of Democracy (MRD) 1981-1988 – were launched and led by political parties, of which the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) was leading member, against Zia’s rule. Historians have generally considered both these movements to have been a failure. In this dissertation, it is argued that although MRD took much longer than the originally-envisaged three months to achieve its aim, it did not in the end fail. It should, rather, be seen as a gradualist democratic movement, which eventually brought the country back to democracy in 1988. The process took longer than expected for several reasons, the most important of which were a lack of unity amongst the leaders of its constituent political parties, particularly the PPP, the absence of an operational corps, and Zia-ul-Haq’s ruthless response to the nonviolent resistance to his rule. Additionally, Zia’s regime was supported for many years by international powers of the Western bloc, due to the war against Soviet Union in Afghanistan.

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edu, susi_susantijo@uph, and Susi Susantijo. "The impact of the rule of law on the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child in Indonesia and Australia." Murdoch University, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100331.85228.

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This thesis concerns the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (the CRC) in Indonesia: The chasm between theory and practice. Despite the enactment of several laws and regulations aimed at protecting the rights of the child, Indonesias implementation of childrens rights remains very limited. The theme of this thesis is that, despite the existence of adequate written laws, a state can fail to achieve an effective implementation of human rights, as exemplified by Indonesia. This thesis will focus on the impact of the rule of law on the holistic well-being of children, a group that Indonesia has acknowledged plays a strategic role and is in a unique position [to ensure] the continued existence of the nation. The development of the rule of law and its impact on the implementation of the CRC in Indonesia will be compared to Australia, a state where the CRC has been much better implemented. There is an inextricable link between the rule of law and human rights. The prevailing view is that the rule of law does not depend on written laws; the rule of law is more about the extra-legal aspects of a society, such as culture, socio-economic factors and political factors. In the absence of the rule of law, human rights can only be selectively implemented and enforced. The rights of the child are a global human rights issue, which is particularly pertinent to Indonesia, a nation with a poor record for implementing childrens rights. Childrens rights are well established in international law, largely due to the adoption of the CRC. The CRC has provided the greatest contribution to the field of childrens rights and will serve as the focus of this thesis. Apart from being the most universally ratified human rights convention in history, the CRC expressly recognises a range of childrens rights including civil, political, socio-economic and cultural rights. More importantly, the CRC shifted the responsibility for implementing childrens rights from parents and local communities to State Parties. The CRC is thus an advanced tool for assessing the standard of childrens rights internationally and for implementing change, and will be used to compare the current status of childrens rights in Indonesia and Australia. Arguably, the issue of childrens rights is complex and the implementation of childrens rights requires a multifaceted approach. This thesis will conclude with recommendations on how Indonesia can move forward to achieve a better implementation of childrens rights.

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Rasiah, Parameswary. "Evasion in Australia's parliamentary question time : the case of the Iraq war." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0208.

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Given that the basic functions of parliamentary Question Time are to provide information and to hold the Government accountable for its actions, the possibility of evasion occurring in such a context is of crucial importance. Evasion (equivocation) has been identified as a matter of concern in political interviews, but no systematic study has been undertaken in the context of parliamentary discourse, notably Question Time, anywhere in the world. This study applies and adapts Harris's (1991) coding framework on various types of responses, Bull and Mayer's (1993) typology of non-replies and Clayman's (2001) work on how politicians 'resist' answering questions, all of which are based on political news interviews, to the study of evasion in Australia's House of Representatives' Question Time. A comprehensive, unified framework for the analysis of evasion is described, a decision flow-chart for the framework is provided, and an illustrative example of the applied framework is given based on Australia's Federal House of Representatives' Question Time. Put simply, the study was undertaken to determine if evasion occurred, how frequently it occurred and how it occurred. It involved the classification of responses as 'answers' (direct or indirect), 'intermediate responses' (such as pointing out incorrect information in the question), and 'evasions' based on specific criteria. Responses which were considered evasions were further analysed to determine the levels of evasion, whether they were covert or overt in nature and the types of 'agenda shifts' that occurred, if any. The thesis also involved a discourse-analytical study of other factors that appear to facilitate Ministerial evasion in Australia's House of Representatives, including the Speaker's performance and the use of 'Dorothy Dixers'. The research data was sourced from Question Time transcripts from the House of Representatives Hansard for the months of February and March 2003, dealing only with questions and responses on the topic of Iraq. In those months there were 87 questions on the topic of Iraq, representing more than two thirds of all questions on Iraq for the whole of 2003. Of these 87 questions, the majority (48) came from the Opposition party, through its leader. The balance (39) was asked by Government MPs. Analysis of the question/answer discourse for all 87 questions revealed that every question asked by Government members was answered compared to only 8 of the 48 Opposition questions. Of the 40 remaining Opposition questions, 21 were given intermediate responses and 19 were evaded outright. The fact that the overwhelming majority (83%) of Opposition questions were not answered together with other findings such as instances of partiality on the part of the Speaker; the use of 'friendly', prearranged questions by Government MPs; and the 'hostile' nature of questions asked by Opposition MPs casts serious doubt on the effectiveness of Question Time as a means of ensuring the Government is held accountable for its actions. The study provides empirical evidence that evasion does occur in Australia's House of Representatives' Question Time.

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42

Susantijo, Susi. "The impact of the rule of law on the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child in Indonesia and Australia." Thesis, Susantijo, Susi (2009) The impact of the rule of law on the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child in Indonesia and Australia. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1655/.

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This thesis concerns the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘the CRC’) in Indonesia: The chasm between theory and practice. Despite the enactment of several laws and regulations aimed at protecting the rights of the child, Indonesia’s implementation of children’s rights remains very limited. The theme of this thesis is that, despite the existence of adequate written laws, a state can fail to achieve an effective implementation of human rights, as exemplified by Indonesia. This thesis will focus on the impact of the rule of law on the holistic well-being of children, a group that Indonesia has acknowledged plays ‘a strategic role’ and is in a ‘unique position [to ensure] the continued existence of the nation’. The development of the rule of law and its impact on the implementation of the CRC in Indonesia will be compared to Australia, a state where the CRC has been much better implemented. There is an inextricable link between the rule of law and human rights. The prevailing view is that the rule of law does not depend on written laws; the rule of law is more about the extra-legal aspects of a society, such as culture, socio-economic factors and political factors. In the absence of the rule of law, human rights can only be selectively implemented and enforced. The rights of the child are a global human rights issue, which is particularly pertinent to Indonesia, a nation with a poor record for implementing children’s rights. Children’s rights are well established in international law, largely due to the adoption of the CRC. The CRC has provided the greatest contribution to the field of children’s rights and will serve as the focus of this thesis. Apart from being the most universally ratified human rights convention in history, the CRC expressly recognises a range of children’s rights including civil, political, socio-economic and cultural rights. More importantly, the CRC shifted the responsibility for implementing children’s rights from parents and local communities to State Parties. The CRC is thus an advanced tool for assessing the standard of children’s rights internationally and for implementing change, and will be used to compare the current status of children’s rights in Indonesia and Australia. Arguably, the issue of children’s rights is complex and the implementation of children’s rights requires a multifaceted approach. This thesis will conclude with recommendations on how Indonesia can move forward to achieve a better implementation of children’s rights.

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Susantijo, Susi. "The impact of the rule of law on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Indonesia and Australia /." Susantijo, Susi (2009) The impact of the rule of law on the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child in Indonesia and Australia. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1655/.

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This thesis concerns the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘the CRC’) in Indonesia: The chasm between theory and practice. Despite the enactment of several laws and regulations aimed at protecting the rights of the child, Indonesia’s implementation of children’s rights remains very limited. The theme of this thesis is that, despite the existence of adequate written laws, a state can fail to achieve an effective implementation of human rights, as exemplified by Indonesia. This thesis will focus on the impact of the rule of law on the holistic well-being of children, a group that Indonesia has acknowledged plays ‘a strategic role’ and is in a ‘unique position [to ensure] the continued existence of the nation’. The development of the rule of law and its impact on the implementation of the CRC in Indonesia will be compared to Australia, a state where the CRC has been much better implemented. There is an inextricable link between the rule of law and human rights. The prevailing view is that the rule of law does not depend on written laws; the rule of law is more about the extra-legal aspects of a society, such as culture, socio-economic factors and political factors. In the absence of the rule of law, human rights can only be selectively implemented and enforced. The rights of the child are a global human rights issue, which is particularly pertinent to Indonesia, a nation with a poor record for implementing children’s rights. Children’s rights are well established in international law, largely due to the adoption of the CRC. The CRC has provided the greatest contribution to the field of children’s rights and will serve as the focus of this thesis. Apart from being the most universally ratified human rights convention in history, the CRC expressly recognises a range of children’s rights including civil, political, socio-economic and cultural rights. More importantly, the CRC shifted the responsibility for implementing children’s rights from parents and local communities to State Parties. The CRC is thus an advanced tool for assessing the standard of children’s rights internationally and for implementing change, and will be used to compare the current status of children’s rights in Indonesia and Australia. Arguably, the issue of children’s rights is complex and the implementation of children’s rights requires a multifaceted approach. This thesis will conclude with recommendations on how Indonesia can move forward to achieve a better implementation of children’s rights.

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Hews, Rachel Jane. "Twitter trials and Facebook juries: An analysis of the Australian sub judice rule and the regulation of prejudicial publicity on social media during high-profile criminal trials." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/134133/1/Rachel_Hews_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigates how the sub judice rule operates in practice in the age of social media. While the law was well established in terms of how it regulated the behaviour of publishers before the internet, there are concerns it is less effective in the digital age. By analysing data from Twitter and Facebook during two high-profile murder trials, I investigate the prevalence of prejudicial publicity on social media, and examine how professional journalists and non-journalists talk about criminal trials. This analysis identifies the types of information empanelled jurors might see about trials and what this means for the law.

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Mitsogianni, Vivian, and Vivian Mitsogianni@rmit edu au. "white noise PANORAMA: Process-based Architectural Design." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091218.111942.

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This PhD by project is an examination of process-based architectural design. It offers an examination of one approach to undertaking process-based experimentation in architecture - based on reflection of my own practice and body of work - through which I have been able to consider a complex array of questions and issues that are associated with working in this way. By

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Robinson, Kynan. "The making and placing of The Escalators." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37299/1/Kynan_Robinson_Thesis.pdf.

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The band The Escalators together with the music uniquely composed for it and a subsequent CD and DVDs was the work that emerged from my period of research. The areas of interest that were investigated were sampling, minimalism, stasis, the work of David Lynch, as well as a desire to produce new and innovative music. The above concepts defined the bands composition and makeup. While each may be regarded as a discreet concept with its own boundaries in my work they seamlessly intermingle resulting in that which is unique to The Escalators sound. The research methodology used for this work was practice led research.

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Lefebvre, Marianne. "Mécanismes d'allocation de l'eau d'irrigation et gestion du risque sécheresse en agriculture." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10026/document.

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Avec le changement climatique, l'agriculture va devoir s'adapter à des sécheresses de plus en plus fréquentes et sévères. C'est le secteur le plus consommateur d'eau et celui à qui le plus d'efforts dans la réduction des prélèvements va être demandé. Les mécanismes d'allocation de l'eau existants (prix, marché, dispositifs de rationnement...) négligent souvent la forte variabilité de la disponibilité de la ressource. Or, la façon dont est partagée l'eau en cas de rareté influence le risque subi par les agriculteurs. Afin de réduire le coûts pour les agriculteurs et la société du risque sécheresse, il convient d'améliorer les outils de partage de l'eau et d'y intégrer des mécanismes de gestion du risque. C'est la question qui est étudiée dans cette thèse. Cette réflexion a été menée dans deux contextes très différents: la France, où le partage de l'eau est administré par les représentants de l'État en cas de sécheresse; l'Australie où des systèmes de marchés de l'eau ont été mis en place pour permettre les échanges d'eau entre agriculteurs. La thèse est composée de 3 articles (chapitres 2,3 et 5 en anglais) et d'éléments de cadrage (chapitres 1 et 4 en français). Le chapitre 1 présente la gestion de l'eau agricole en France. Les chapitres 2 et 3 étudient les interactions entre les règles utilisées pour le rationnement de l'eau d'irrigation en cas de sécheresse en France et les stratégies d'auto-assurance des agriculteurs. Nous étudions notamment le cas du stockage d'eau au niveau de l'exploitation, outil de gestion du risque de plus en plus mobilisé par les agriculteurs français. Le chapitre 2 modélise une situation où des agents ont la possibilité de substituer l'usage d'une ressource coûteuse mais sécurisée à l'usage de la ressource commune risquée. Nous déterminons la règle de partage optimale sous deux hypothèses distinctes: i) le planificateur définit simultanément la règle de partage et les choix de diversifications de façon à maximiser le bien être social; ii) le décideur utilise la règle de partage comme un instrument incitant les usagers à faire des choix de diversification optimaux d'un point de vue social. Le chapitre 3 est une expérience de laboratoire visant à comparer différentes règles de partage d'une ressource commune de taille incertaine quand les sujets peuvent choisir entre l'utilisation de cette ressource commune ou l'investissement dans une ressource sécurisée. Les règles sont évaluées sur leur aptitude à faciliter la coordination des agents autour du niveau optimal d'investissement dans la ressource sécurisée. La discussion des résultats de ces deux articles permet de proposer des recommandations aux administrations en charge de la mise en place des règles de partage de la ressource en cas de sécheresse, notamment dans le cadre de la réforme en cours en France (création des Organismes Uniques). Le chapitre 4 présente le fonctionnement des marchés de l'eau et le système de gestion des sécheresses en Australie. Le chapitre 5 étudie les gains de la mise en place de droits d'eau avec différents niveaux de sécurité, à l'aide d'une expérience de laboratoire capturant l'essence des marchés de l'eau australiens. Nous trouvons qu'un système avec deux niveaux de sécurité améliore l'efficacité allocative et le partage du risque mais seulement quand les coûts de transaction sont plus élevés sur le marché des allocations que sur le marché des droits d'eau. La mise en place de droits différenciés peut conduire à une diminution de la coût-efficacité du mécanisme en raison de l'augmentation des échanges sur le marché des droits d'eau et donc des coûts de transaction payés par les agriculteurs quand ceux-ci sont élevés sur le marché des droits
With climate change, agriculture will have to adapt to face increasingly frequent and more severe droughts. Agriculture is the largest consumer of water and will face most of the water restrictions in the coming years. Existing water allocation mechanisms (pricing, water markets, rationing scheme) often fail to take into account the high variability of the resource, whereas those mechanisms have strong impacts on the risk born by agricultural water users. Water allocation schemes can contribute to reduce the cost of drought risk for farmers and society by integrating risk management mechanisms. We address this question in two different contexts: France, where water is managed by public authorities that are responsible for the rationing scheme and define the allocation of water between farmers in case of scarcity; Australia, where water markets have been implemented in order to allow water transfers between farmers. This Ph.D. dissertation is composed of 3 articles (chapter 2, 3 and 5 in English) and background information (chapter 1 and 4 in French). Chapter 1 describes the organization of irrigation water allocation in France. Chapters 2 and 3 analyze the interactions between the restrictions rules used in France to share the resource in crisis times and the self-insurance strategies of farmers. We investigate the particular example of on-farm storage, an increasingly widespread risk management tool used by French farmers. Chapter 2 models the decisions of agents heterogeneous in their risk tolerance that can substitute the use of a a secure private alternative to the use of a common pool resource of uncertain size. We find the optimal sharing rule under two assumptions concerning the regulator: i) the social planner defines simultaneously the sharing rule and the diversification choices in order to maximize social welfare; ii) the policy maker uses the sharing rule as an instrument to induce each agent to make the optimal diversification decision. Chapter 3 uses laboratory experiment to analyze how the sharing rule impacts the individual trade-off between relying on a free but uncertain resource and investing in a secure alternative resource. Rules are compared on the basis of their ability to facilitate coordination on the optimal investment in the secure resource. Chapter 4 presents how irrigation water is allocated between users in Australia in case of drought. Chapter 5 studies with a laboratory experiment, designed such as capturing the main characteristics of Australian water markets, whether offering different levels of security for water rights could potentially allow water users to manage the risks of supply uncertainty better. We find that a two security levels system improves both allocative efficiency and risk management, but only when transactions costs are higher in the market for water allocation than in the market for water rights. A system with different levels of security for water rights can be detrimental to cost-effectiveness by increasing the number of costly trades on the water rights market

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Fulton, Neale Leslie Aerospace &amp Mechanical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Regional airspace design: a structured systems engineering approach." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38722.

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There has been almost fifteen years of political controversy surrounding changes to the rules and procedures by which aircraft conduct their flight within regional Australia. Decisions based on a predominately heuristic (rule of thumb) approach to design have had many adverse consequences for the integrity of the proximity warning function. A sound mathematical model is required to establish this function on a mature engineering foundation. To achieve this, the proximity warning function has been investigated as a hybrid-system. This approach recognises the dual nature of the design: that aircraft dynamics give rise to continuous mathematical models while the communication protocols controlling proximity require discrete mathematical approaches. The blending of each aspect has yielded a deeper insight into the operational limitations and failure modes of this function. The presentation of the thesis follows a design thread through the function. It begins with a description of existing standards and implementations. Risk models are then developed. The pilot interface is recognised as a primary design constraint. Mathematical models are then developed to describe the topology of flow, proximity dynamics, and the scheduling constraints associated with visual, voice, and data-link communications required by the proximity warning function. These analyses show that many aspects of design can be bounded by analytical formulae that bring new robustness to the design and resolve some of the misconceptions arising from the often inaccurate perceptions of present airspace operations. Failure modes, unaccounted for in existing designs are found to actually aggravate failure in the very situations in which the airspace design should be robust and should act to prevent collisions. In particular, there are divergences of performance between the demands required by the system design and the ability of the pilot to deliver such performances. In some cases, these failures may be traced to policy decisions such as service between Instrument Flight Rule and Visual Flight Rule category aircraft. On the basis of the conclusions of this research, a formal engineering review of the proximity warning function is required to assure the containment of the likelihood of mid-air collision for all future operations.

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Vymětal, Petr. "Koncept, praxe a kultura lobbování v anglofonních zemích." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2004. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77110.

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The regulation of lobbying is a current topic both at the level of international organizations as well as in many European and overseas countries. This work deals with the comparison of the rules on lobbying in selected English-speaking countries. Descriptive, doctrinal and comparative methods are used to analyze the main trends in the lobbying regulation of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as well as Australia. The text is structured into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the definition of lobbying and its differences from corrupt dealings; it also covers the types of lobbying activities and the various kinds of lobbyists. The second chapter attempts to contextualize lobbying into the theories of the decision-making process. A comparison of the similarities and differences of the lobbying rules is made and analyzed in the third and fourth chapters. Both the third and the fourth chapter have a similar structure -- first, the general rules and approaches to regulation are introduced, and then a comparison of selected English-speaking countries is made. The third chapter deals with the most common rules for lobbyists; the fourth chapter focuses on the relatively neglected side of lobbying contacts, i.e. the rules for the targets of lobbying (public office holders). In the end, some measures and recommendations for the Czech Republic are also outlined.

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Searle, Deane. "Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2591.

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Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a significant feature of the contemporary world and it is a particular challenge to the armed forces of many states which are involved is such conflict, or are likely to become so. This thesis is not concerned with how such difficult conflict situations arise. Rather it is concerned with how, from the point of view of the state, they may be contained and ultimately brought to a satisfactory resolution. The work is thus concerned with the practicalities of ending LIC. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework of doctrinal and military principles applicable to the prevention and resolution of LIC. The principles of this thesis are based in numerous historical examples of LIC and six in depth case studies. These distilled principles are analysed in two central chapters, and are then applied in two latter defence force chapters so as to ensure there practicality and resilience. Numerous defence academics and military practitioners have been consulted in the production of this thesis; their contribution has further reinforced the functionality of the principles examined in this research. The research illustrates the criticality of a holistic approach to LIC. The function of this approach is to guarantee the stability of the sovereign state, by unifying civil, police, intelligence and military services. The effectiveness of the military elements must also be ensured, as military force is central to the suppression of LIC. Consequently, the research makes strategic and operational prescriptions, so as to improve the capability of defence forces that are concerned with preventing or resolving LIC.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Australian Rules'

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