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1
Seo, Pyung-Soo. "Luke's presentation of Jesus' authority in the context of the Roman Empire." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603204.
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This study aims to explore Luke’s presentation of Jesus’ authority in the light of his depiction of various authorities. Luke provides valuable clues to an understanding of religious and political power of the Roman Empire through Jesus’ birth and trial accounts. Also, my thesis analyses what role Luke’s tax-related accounts play in relation to the emperor’s authority. In this respect, I wish to present a new argument about Luke emphasising Jesus’ interaction with tax-collectors, as a way of displaying his moral authority, seen in his intervening effectively with one of the most prominently hated aspects of the empire, an aspect that the emperor was responsible for and should have dealt with. This analysis helps us to look into Luke’s portrayal of Jesus’ authority with the focus on the titles, benefactor and saviour. In doing so, comparisons and contrasts are to be made between Jesus and the emperor. Thus, this study aims to discuss how Luke elevates Jesus’ authority on the basis of his stance toward the emperor.
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Tsirigotis, Theodoros. "Communal Authority and Individual Valorization in Republican Rome." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/743.
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In examining the end of the Roman Republic and the rise of the principate, one is inevitably struck by the transformation of the relationship between the individual and the community. Roman society during the Republic was predicated on the communal leadership of the elite and the recognition of excellence in individuals. In the days of the early and middle Republic, this individual recognition served as the vehicle to participation in communal authority, the prize for which aristocratic families competed. Communal authority was embodied in the Senate. The Senate not only acted as the supreme political body in the Roman state, but also acted as the moral and religious arbiter for society. This was in addition to their more easily foreseeable role as the face of the Roman state toward foreign peoples, both diplomatically and militarily. Heads of aristocratic families who were most often already part of the economic elite sought to secure membership within this smaller circle of political elite. Influence was sought in a variety of arenas, all with the purpose of proving one’s worthiness to be part of the administration of the state. Pursuit and possession of the traditional Roman virtues provided the foundation of legitimacy for oligarchic rule, and individual proof of virtue was necessary for inclusion within that rule. One of the chief spheres of proving one’s virtue was war, where martial valor eclipsed all other virtues, and courage on the battlefield and excellence in command proved one’s worthiness to inclusion in communal authority. However, as the Republic found itself facing every more frequent and threatening crises, it increasingly turned to its men of ability, investing them with ever greater license, and permitting, or at least having no choice but to permit, ever greater concentration of state power in the hands of individuals. These men of ambition and ability took advantage of Rome’s changing polity and the professionalization of its military under the reforms of Marius to circumvent traditional avenues of advancement in favor of more direct approaches. Each looked to the man behind him as precedent and to the future as chance for even greater glory. Eventually, Caesar took power at the head of an intensely loyal military force, ready to enforce by force of arms any protests in the name of tradition. Though ultimately assassinated, Caesar’s dictatorship marked the end of Republican Rome and the rise of the principate, defined by an inversion of the traditional relationship between the community and the individual. Now it was the Senate which sought political participation within the overarching framework of individual authority.
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Stacey, Peter James Frayn. "Imperial Rome and the legitimation of political authority in Renaissance Naples." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621814.
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Brooke, E. G. "The authority of the dead among the living in Republican Rome : a rhetorical analysis of Cicero's oratory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596935.
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This dissertation focuses upon the role of ancestors and of the dead in the speeches of Cicero, in order to explore the ways in which Rome’s past could be made central to public discourse, and could be manipulated in order to guarantee or provide for a particular outcome in legal or political situations. The object of this study is to fill a niche in the current state of research relating to Roman treatments of their city’s history, and the ways that history might maintain or be made to play a role in political and social life. Chapter 1 provides a Ciceronian definition of the term maiores / mos maiorum and its varying connotations, examining the evidence of the speeches as to its chronological and ideological applicability. Chapter 2 offers a ‘standard narrative’ of ancestry as a rhetorical device in Cicero, working from two early speeches to demonstrate its pervasiveness and isolate its recurring features. Alongside this, Chapter 3 provides an account of how the dead are made to appear in court through Cicero’s employment of the concept evocatio ab inferis, and the repeated features of this parallel device. This leads into a fourth chapter on the complexities of using both ancestry and the dead as part of a speech, and provides illustration of the kinds of counter-effects an opponent might have been likely to employ. Chapter 5 examines the language of novitas as an alternative means of engaging with ancestry and establishing a place in history. It moves from a close analysis of the term novus and its cognates to analysis of its deployment in the Verrine corpus, and the consequences of this for readings of later Ciceronian speeches. This is developed in a final chapter on Ciceronian self-presentation through his own exemplary singularity, and the means by which he makes of himself a potential exemplum and hence potential ancestor for posterity, even before his death.
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Hedlund, Ragnar. ""...achieved nothing worthy of memory" : Coinage and authority in the Roman empire c. AD 260-295." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Classical archaeology and ancient history, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8511.
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This study examines how the Roman emperors c. AD. 260–295 attempt at maintaining their power-bases through legitimation of their claims to power, with reference to various potentially powerful groups of society, such as the military, the inhabitants of the provinces and the senate in Rome. The purpose has been to discern the development of ‘Roman imperial ideology’ in an age which has frequently been referred to as an ‘age of military anarchy.’ Focus is on how claims to power could be expressed through visual media. Of such media, mainly the coins struck for the emperors c. AD 260-295 have been studied. A close investigation has been made of the iconography of these coins. Furthermore, the ways in which coin-images are modified and combined with various legends are studied. An additional purpose of this investigation has been to provide a comment on the general potential of conveying visual imagery and messages on objects such as coins and medallions.
The study argues that novel, intricate and multi-layered images were created on the coins struck for the emperors c. AD 260-295. Furthermore, it is suggested that these coin-images were created to assume the function of larger-scale expressions of imperial authority, such as triumphal arches and imperial statues. This adaption of coinage was made because there was a need for intensified communication of imperial authority. This need arose due to the incessant warfare of the age, and a process of regionalization of the empire, which was connected to this warfare. The conclusion is that these coins provide an illustration of the development of the Roman empire in the second half of the third century. This was a development by which the city of Rome lost its importance in favour of regional capitals, and ultimately in favour of Constantinople.
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Fraser, Kathryn. "The role of professional caregivers : supporting children in local authority care." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36733/.
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Children looked after by local authorities are considered to be some of the most vulnerable in society, often having experienced histories of abuse, neglect, conflict within their family of origin or other traumas. As a consequence, substitute care e.g. foster care or residential care is often used as a therapeutic intervention. The focus of this thesis is the role that professional caregivers play in supporting children in local authority care. Chapter I provides a critique of the research exploring the efficacy of therapeutic interventions designed to facilitate the attachment relationship between looked after children and their professional caregiver. Due to controversy surrounding the therapeutic application of attachment theory and a number of methodological limitations, a limited evidence-base was found. The clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed. Chapter II investigates Residential Children’s Workers experience of caring for looked after children, from a psychological perspective. Results revealed that their role and relationship with the children in their care, is affected by their emotional and psychological ability to cope with push and pull factors within a complex system. The clinical implications are discussed, and recommendations for future research made. Chapter III explores a reflective account of the author’s experience of both working clinically and carrying out research in this field. As many of the ideas were generated whilst conducting the doctoral research, the author applies the proposed model from the empirical paper to the reflections. Chapter III is written in a first person account.
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Zhang, Yi. "The relationship between organizational authority-control and employees' proactive behavior : the moderating role of individual proactive personality /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?mphil-mgt-b23750819f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.Phil.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009."Submitted to Department of Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-147)
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Nowases, F. "The role of middle management in strategy execution at the Roads Authority (RA)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96212.
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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of strategy execution in an organisation cannot be downplayed because without it
the sustainability of the organisation is at stake. Merely having great strategies is not sufficient as
the implementation is the key to direct the activities of the organisation. Middle management plays
a central role in strategy execution and any disconnect between them and the top management is
bound to lead to organisational failure of effective strategy execution.
This research study was based on the role that middle management play in the execution of
strategy at the Roads Authority (RA). Semi-structured interviews were used to interview ten middle
managers of the organisation, who were randomly selected through purposive sampling.
The findings reveal that middle management is failing to play the requisite role of interpreting and
translating strategy into actions. The findings further indicate that there is a leadership disconnect
between them and their supervisors. They are also facing challenges of questionable strategy
alignment within the operations which is causing ineffective resource allocation.
In addition, the results indicate that the enabling tools such as the performance management,
business systems and allocation of resources are falling short of assisting middle managers in
strategy implementation.
Lastly, these findings can assist the case study organisation to understand the strategic
transformation process at middle management level and to review it for improving and to take
corrective actions.
The research study was an explorative one and used a limited sample, hence it will be necessary
to do further research to get more insights about the potential roles that middle management could
play in strategy formulation and the contributions they currently make towards it. The findings of
this study can also not be generalised as they are for use only by the case study organisation.
9
Hedberg, Nancy. "Essence and function an evaluative study of the theological premise that women are equal to men in essence but permanently subordinate in function /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p002-0836.
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Persson, Niklas, and der Levin Johan van. "Gymnasieläraryrkets utveckling 1960-2000. Förändringar inom roll, status och auktoritet utifrån fyra lärares perspektiv." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-36138.
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Syftet med vår uppsats är att, utifrån begreppen roll, status och auktoritet, lyfta fram gymnasieläraryrkets förändring under perioden 1960-2000. Vi använder oss av en kvalitativ undersökning, baserad på intervjuer med fyra pensionerade gymnasielärare. I vår analys av utvecklingen använder vi oss av teorier från Annales-skolan samt Karl Marx teorier kring generation och arv. Våra resultat visar att det skett flera stora förändringar i gymnasieläraryrket, men att det även finns vissa beståndsdelar som under utvecklingen varit bestående. I vår analys av begreppen roll, status och auktoritet är vår slutsats att gymnasielärarens roll är den del som förändrats mest, men att det även här finns många bestående delar. Statusen är ett element i yrket som också genomgått stora förändringar och minskat betydligt. Auktoriteten har på ett formellt plan avtagit betydligt, medan vi fortfarande kan skönja en bestående reell auktoritet.The purpose of this essay is to analyse the development of the teacher profession in the upper secondary school during the time period 1960-2000, with regard to the concepts role, status and authority. The investigation has been carried out using a qualitative method with material that has been gathered during interviews with four retired teachers. The analysis has been inspired by the theories of the Annales school as well as the generation and inheritance theories developed by Karl Marx. Our results show that the teacher profession has gone through a number of considerable changes, but also that there are components of the profession that have remained unchanged. In our analysis of the concepts role, status and authority, we have come to the conclusion that the role of the teacher has been the subject of most changes, although many respects of the profession are left unchanged. The status of the profession has also undertaken major changes and decreased severely. Formally, the authority has decreased as well, although in reality a certain authority level can still be perceived.
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Lee, Yiu-cho Joseph. "The policy role of administrative tribunals a study of the Air Transport Licensing Authority /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975963.
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Lee, Yiu-cho Joseph, and 李耀祖. "The policy role of administrative tribunals: a study of the Air Transport Licensing Authority." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975963.
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Johnson, Jamie R. "Banked on biblical authority the role of Joseph John Gurney in American evangelical Quakerism /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Vezile, Cikizwa Aretha. "Performance management at transnet national ports authority Port Elizabeth: the role of human resources." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1105.
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At Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA), disagreement existed in terms of the role of human resources in performance management, which resulted in different role expectations and perceptions, often leading to conflict. An overview of existing literature reviewed that performance management was mostly presented from the view of line management, and that the role of human resources was not well defined. The purpose of this study was therefore to clarify the role of human resources in performance management, and with specific application at Transnet National Ports Authority. The purpose of performance management in Transnet is to influence each employee to perform optimally in his/her position by ensuring that each employee understands his/her role in the performance management process. A very important aspect of performance management is that it does not entail one activity only; it is part of the employee development life cycle in which the employee agrees with the manager on the expected performance of tasks, evaluation standards, tools required and important dates when performance will be formally discussed. The objectives of the study were achieved by means of a literature review. Following the literature review interviews were conducted with the Group Performance Manager, a line manager and a human resources practitioner at TNPA to get their views of performance management at TNPA and specifically of the role of human resources in performance management. The interviews, in addition to the literature study, also served as a basis for a survey questionnaire, which was used to probe the views of line iv management and human resources practitioners at TNPA on the role of human resources in performance management. The results of the interviews and the survey showed that performance management was not applied as a continuous and developmental process at TNPA, and that it was often perceived as punitive. The results also indicated that human resources at TNPA should be well versed in the use of the score card method and apply quality assurance in performance management. Recommendations were made for the role of line management and the role of human resources in performance management at TNPA, as well as for the relationship between the two parties.
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Wong, Ka-lai, and 黃家麗. "The role of the Hong Kong Housing Authority in promoting home ownership in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968727.
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Goodwin, Neil. "Determining the leadership role of health authority chief executives in the english national health service." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632815.
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This thesis explores the leadership role of chief executives of National Health Service (NHS) health authorities in England. Implicit in the exploration is whether the chief executives have a leadership role at all since the NHS is a public service managed by government. As such it is government that specifies the main operational and strategic targets for the NHS for chief executives and their organisations. The research is conducted against the backdrop of the general leadership, public sector management, and network and networking literature. The latter is included because it potentially provides a bridge between the emerging network-based working of NHS management today and the leadership and public sector management literature A qualitative, case study approach to the research is adopted using as its basis the implementation of the main component of the 1997 Labour government's policies for the NHS. This is the introduction of primary care groups that for the first time in its history will formally involve general practitioners (GPs) in the corporate management of the NHS. This is a significant development because GPs are not employees of the NHS but independent contractors. Research is undertaken in four of the 99 English health authorities. Analysis of the research results revolve around three propositions, formulated to explore tlie environmental aspects of the chief executive's role, whether leadership is found and if so, what are its key characteristics. The thesis ends with a discussion of the research outcomes in the context of some contemporary literature on research approaches to organisational change, aspects of leadership and networks such as power and trust, and leadership development.
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Donaldson, Sophie. "Untold story : evaluating the role of the local authority in regeneration amidst government and governance." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54304/.
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This thesis is concerned with both evaluation and governance, which it brings together through a focus on a UK local authority. It presents a comprehensive investigation of the role of the local authority in regeneration, which is a gap demonstrated to be relevant to both these literatures. The investigation involves observation and interviewing, together with literature reviews and the mining of secondary data from documentary sources: it thereby makes connections between the specific and the general. This material is used on the one hand, to problematise conventional approaches to the evaluative assessment of local authority regeneration initiative, and to assert a viable alternative. This addresses concerns related to the selectivity of conventional evaluative assessment, and the problem of the practicality of a more comprehensive approach. On the other hand, the material develops an understanding of the local authority as a distinctive but neglected actor within the contemporary multi-actor working environment in regeneration. Tim working environment is found to be usefully characterised as a situation of hierarchy and heterarchy, or multi-level governance, within which the local authority performs a vital middle or 'in-between' positioning. Such in-betweeness, which makes a situation of diverse capacities workable, denotes a mediation role, together with gap-filling and active orchestration; however this role is shown to be not without problems. A more comprehensive understanding both of the fate of the UK local authority and of the realities of governance is thereby contributed. Altogether, the thesis has implications for evaluation and research practice, evaluation theory, governance concepts and how local authorities conceive themselves and their essential tasks.
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Edwards, Angela E. "The impact of compulsory competitive tendering on the role of the local authority leisure professional." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7374.
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The principal aim of this thesis is to establish the extent of the impact of the introduction of CCT on the changing role of the local authority leisure professional. CCT was introduced into the management of local authority leisure facilities in phased stages between January lst 1992 and January 1st 1993, following the publication of the Parliamentary Order (Competition in Sports and Leisure Facilities, November 1989). As a policy it was one of a series of measures implemented by the Government in the 1980s and early 1990s to reduce the power of local authorities and reform the processes, systems and structures of these institutions. Change initiated at this structural level, stimulated change at the operational and individual levels of the policy process and it is at this individual or `agency' level that this thesis is most concerned. The empirical work undertaken to identify the impact of CCT at the agency level was based on 26 in-depth qualitative surveys administered on local authority leisure professionals who had worked in leisure services between the mid 1980s and 1998. At the individual level, the research considered in detail the role of the leisure professional as s/he was both a participant and spectator in the implementation of CCT. Individual officers' responses to the implementation were mediated by factors such as training, background, previous work experiences and the contextual local authority situation within which they found themselves. The findings demonstrate that the dominant values in the institutional environments within which leisure professionals operated, changed significantly with CCT as `goal governance' and `competitive individualism' came to the fore. Within this often aggressive and competitive environment, the implementation of CCT resulted in staffing restructuring and realignment of responsibilities and there was severe pressure to achieve the policy requirements. Relationships between colleagues became strained and some elements of leisure provision suffered as a result. Terms and conditions of employment deteriorated and many staff became de-motivated and disillusioned. However, in some instances CCT was seen as beneficial as it gave officers opportunities for career enhancement, it led to the development of generic leisure managers and heightened the profile of the leisure professional. Thus, CCT had a huge impact on local authority leisure professionals, as it imposed significant constraints and inhibitions on officers in their working relationships and environment. However, it also enabled some officers to advance within the leisure management industry and benefit from improved employment opportunities and heightened status. CCT as a policy both constrained and enabled leisure professionals. It was at the individual level that these constraining and enabling effects were most felt although previous research has given scant recognition to the human resource implication of CCT implementation through statistical analyses of outcomes. This research, however, recognises that one should use statistics `for support rather than illumination" (Lang as quoted in Cohen, 1960) and in so doing underlines the importance of the `bottom up' approach to policy analysis where the emphasis is on the role of the individual in the policy process.
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Wong, Ka-lai. "The role of the Hong Kong Housing Authority in promoting home ownership in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22360001.
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Adam, Katrina Louise. "The role of collaboration in realising local authority energy objectives : an institutional and stakeholder perspective." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/23029/.
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Local authorities are well-placed to make significant contributions towards national emissions reductions commitments, through the pursuit and enablement of energy-related activities. Numerous factors affect the ability of local authorities to realise their energy ambitions, but current research tends be framed from either a socio-political or techno-economic perspective. Collaborative approaches to delivery, for example local authorities working together or with the private sector, are increasingly cited as a means of overcoming identified constraints, but the process of collaboration itself remains under examined. This thesis contributes to the body of literature examining local authority energy activity by focusing on the collaborative process. Using a multiple case study approach, the research develops an integrated analytical framework that draws on institutional and stakeholder theories to explore the antecedents, processes, and outcomes of local authority collaborations. Through the application of the framework to three cases over two research phases it characterises the influences on local authorities and the organisations with whom they collaborate, and considers how specific organisational issues interact within a shared collaborative context. By taking a holistic perspective, new insights into conditions that can create successful and unsuccessful collaborations are identified. Institutional factors create some of the main antecedents to collaboration, while stakeholder and specific organisational issues are more evident at the process stage. The results show that collaboration can play a valuable role in addressing some of the barriers to local authority energy activity. However, while successful local authorities may collaborate, not all collaborations lead to success. The multi-organisational collaborations examined in this thesis were shown to introduce their own pressures, and demonstrated that organisational barriers to independent activity can be perpetuated into a collaboration. While a collaborative approach can be an effective mechanism for delivery of energy activity, when delivered in a competitive market context this research shows that there is the potential for preferential partnerships to develop within a collaboration, arguably favouring those most able to act without the need to collaborate. When collaboration is advocated as a solution, the balance of intentions between mitigating organisational deficiencies and seeking to achieve shared outcomes should be carefully considered.
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Gupta, Soni. "Housing with authority : the role of public and private architects in public housing in Delhi." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66729.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-103).
The main concern of this thesis is the role of the architect in the design and production of public housing. The argument presented here is that the method of procurement of architectural skills affects the architectural quality of the product, and that architectural design is driven by more than professional 'idealism'. The case studies that form the basis for the discussion are two middle income housing projects built by the Delhi Development Authority (DDA). One was designed in-house by DDA architects and the second by a private architect. Working within similar constraints of economy, bureaucratic requirements and time, the results produced were very different. On the basis of the difference in architectural quality, I analyze the methods of procurement of architectural skills, for both the private and the in-house architect. The issues that were raised by the case studies as being the part of the process of procurement were categorized into four broad areas: (i) The DDA and its administration of architectural skills; (ii) the nature of housing as the product; (iii) the nature of the professional establishments; and (iv) the architects, themselves as professionals. The process of procuring architectural skills had implications on the architect's performance and his response to design issues. Thus, the qualities of livability, efficiency of land use and aesthetic design that were present in one project and not in the other were linked to the fragmentation of work in the professional system, the manner in which compensation for work was made, the nature of the project itself, in terms of visibility. They also had to do with the staffing of the architectural offices and the research carried out by them. Rather than make normative judgements about the quality of the projects, this thesis questions the appropriateness of the decisions made by the architects in both cases and highlights the issues that lay behind them.
by Soni Gupta.
M.S.
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Henderson, Robert R. "In Support of civil authority is the role of military support for national security in jeopardy? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FHenderson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.69-71). Also available online.
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Katoma, Fillemon Ndangi. "The role of middle managers in strategy execution : a case study of a local authority council." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/957.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Successful strategy execution remains critical for any organisation. Yet many organisations seem to have difficulties in implementing their strategies, especially in the public sector. This study explores the role of middle managers in executing organisational strategies in the local government sector. The study adopted a qualitative research method and followed a case study strategy, using a local authority council (LAC) in Namibia. Using semi-structured individual interviews, I interviewed 10 middle managers, selected through applying purposive sampling and representing diverse characteristics of the target group. I introduced a theoretical framework consisting of four research focus areas to guide the study: the value-adding role of middle managers, the key enablers for middle managers to execute strategies successfully, the key processes they follow and the key tools they use to implement corporate strategies. I also conducted a critical literature review on the above focus areas. The findings suggest that middle managers interpret, communicate and translate organisational strategic goals into actions in their value-adding role as champions, synthesisers, facilitators and implementers. The results of the research study also indicates that communication and the availability of resources are key enabling factors, whereas systems, structures, policies and communication channels are key processes impacting on the middle managers' effective implementation of corporate strategies in this LAC. In the same vein, resources – information technology (IT) in particular, performance management systems and laws – were found to be the key tools. Some disconfirming evidence also emerged from the study, suggesting that some middle managers play a value-subtracting role, characterised by disruptive behaviour and being bogged down in routine duties. This research study is, at best, an explorative one, as it used a limited sample. Further research is necessary to gain more in-depth insights about the different roles of middle managers and their influence on strategy generation and implementation versus the role of top/senior managers. As the study employed a case study design, the generalisability of the findings is also limited to this LAC. Further, while I aimed to give a trustworthy account of the experiences of the research participants, many factors may have interfered with the processes of fair collection and interpretation of data, including personal emotional involvement with the topic, presuppositions formed from reading the literature, and various aspects of the interaction with the research participants. Further research is therefore needed to validate the assumed relationships that are expressed in the thematic map. This study is of value to the LAC in that, in the present context of this organisation, top management formulate the organisational strategic goals (vision, mission, strategic thrusts and objectives), with little involvement of middle managers. The study records the views of middle managers, indicating that there is a gap between the agenda setting and leadership of top managers and the observed roles of middle managers. Yet, effective strategy execution requires constant feedback, commenting on and questioning the strategy in order to facilitate understanding. Middle managers thus correctly argue that continuous dialogue and interaction with senior managers increases the alignment of their tactical initiatives with top management's conception of corporate strategy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suksesvolle strategieuitvoering bly van deurslaggewende belang vir enige organisasie. Tog is dit oënskynlik vir menige instansie moeilik om hulle strategieë ten uitvoer te bring, veral in die openbare sektor. Hierdie studie ondersoek die rol van middelvlakbestuurders in die toepassing van organisatoriese strategieë in die plaaslike regeringsektor. Met behulp van ʼn kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode en ʼn gevallestudieontwerp, is ʼn Namibiese plaaslike regeringsraad ('n sogenaamde LAC) onder die loep geneem. Semi-gestruktureerde afsonderlike onderhoude is met tien middelvlakbestuurders gevoer, welke tiental deur doelgerigte steekproefneming gekies is en die diverse kenmerke van die teikengroep verteenwoordig. Die studie word gerig deur ʼn teoretiese raamwerk met vier navorsingsfokusgebiede, naamlik die waardetoevoegingsrol van middelvlakbestuurders; die kerninstaatstellers vir middelvlakbestuurders om strategieë suksesvol in werking te stel; en die kernprosesse wat middelvlakbestuurders volg, sowel as die kerninstrumente wat hulle gebruik om korporatiewe strategieë uit te voer. ʼn Oorsig van kritieke literatuur is ook op elk van voormelde fokusgebiede onderneem. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat middelvlakbestuurders, in hulle waardetoevoegingsrol as kampvegters, sintetiseerders, fasiliteerders en toepassers, organisatoriese strategiese doelwitte vertolk, oordra en in dade omskakel. Die navorsing bevind ook dat kommunikasie en die beskikbaarheid van hulpbronne kerninstaatstellers is, terwyl stelsels, struktuur, beleid en kommunikasiekanale die kernprosesse is wat middelvlakbestuurders se doeltreffende inwerkingstelling van korporatiewe strategieë in die LAC onder beskouing beïnvloed. In dieselfde trant blyk hulpbronne – veral inligtingstegnologie, ʼn prestasiebestuurstelsel en wette – die kerninstrumente te wees. Die studie lewer egter ook teenstellende bewyse op dat sommige middelvlakbestuurders inderwaarheid ʼn waardeverminderingsrol speel, omdat hulle ontwrigtend optree en in roetinetake vasval. Hierdie navorsingstudie is hoogstens ondersoekend, met ʼn beperkte steekproef. Verdere navorsing is dus nodig om ʼn dieper insig in die verskillende rolle van middelvlakbestuurders en hulle invloed op die formulering en inwerkingstelling van strategie teenoor dié van top-/senior bestuurders te verkry. Aangesien die studie van ʼn gevallestudieontwerp gebruik maak, is die veralgemeenbaarheid van die bevindinge ook beperk tot die onderhawige LAC. Voorts, hoewel die studie 'n betroubare weergawe van die navorsingsdeelnemers se ervaringe probeer gee, kon verskeie faktore met die prosesse van billike datainsameling en datavertolking ingemeng het, wat persoonlike betrokkenheid by die onderwerp, vooronderstellings uit die literatuur, en vele aspekte met betrekking tot wisselwerking met navorsingsdeelnemers insluit. Die aangenome verhoudinge in die tematiese kaart moet dus deur middel van verdere navorsing bekragtig word. Die studie is van waarde vir die betrokke LAC, aangesien die topbestuur van die organisasie tans die organisatoriese strategiese doelwitte (visie, misie, strategiese fokuspunte en oogmerke) sonder veel oorleg met middelvlakbestuurders bepaal. Middelvlakbestuurders kon dus deur hierdie studie ook húlle menings lug, waaruit duidelik blyk dat daar ʼn gaping is tussen topbestuurders se agendabepaling en leierskap, en die waargenome rolle van middelvlakbestuurders. Doeltreffende strategieuitvoering verg egter deurlopende terugvoering oor, kommentaar op, en bevraagtekening van die strategie ten einde werklike begrip in die hand te werk. Middelvlakbestuurders het dus gelyk dat voortdurende gesprekvoering en wisselwerking met senior bestuurders nodig is om te verseker dat taktiese projekte op middelvlak in pas is met die topbestuur se gedagtes oor korporatiewe strategie.
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Shero, Phillip A. "Embedded Leadership| The Role of Gisu Clan Elders in Uganda in Supporting and Limiting Executive Authority." Thesis, Regent University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3632014.
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Research has identified a problem of executive authorities in Africa that operate largely free of accountability and/or balance of power, often resulting in oppression, tyranny, or other abuses of power. In response to calls for greater understanding of indigenous African leadership (Littrell, 2011), this dissertation used problem-focused ethnographic methods to investigate characteristics of Gisu/Masaaba clan elder leadership in East Africa, specifically as elders interact with executive authority. Elders are a tribal form of leadership wherein leaders are embedded in the community but lack political power. The research question asked: What are the modalities indigenous to Gisu culture, specifically from elder councils, that facilitate accountability and balance of power in African governance, and how could biblical descriptions of elders be useful in the Gisu's self-perception and construction of elder-based leadership? The study (N = 49) employed participant observation as well as directed observation and interview-based participant listening with elders, youth, and government leaders to produce rich qualitative data. After coding emergent themes and categories, thick descriptions of Gisu clan elder leadership formed a foundation for analysis. Emergent themes were first analyzed using indigenous typologies and then using analyst-constructed typologies before being interpreted to present an indigenous portrayal of traditional Gisu elders' characteristics, concerns, actions, and modalities. Research data provided support for elders' facilitating accountability through speaking directly to the leader, escalating complaints to higher authorities, and taking the case to the public; the data also offered support, to a lesser degree, for elders facilitating balance of power related to executive authority through formation of supraclan bodies such as the Inzu ya Masaaba and Elders Forum as well as through persistently utilizing the modality of elders' voice to call for reform. Drawing from the research data, the author offered suggestions for how biblical descriptions of elders could be useful in the Gisu's self-perception and construction of elder-based leadership, specifically addressing two threats to elder self-perception and construction of elder-based leadership by way of reclaiming important traditional aspects of eldership.
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Christie, Linda. "The public value of urban local authority collaboration as economic development policy : the role of institutions." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30885/.
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The thesis aims to understand: what constitutes urban collaboration and its relationship with policy outcomes? The research develops a conceptual understanding of the public value (PV) (Bardach, 1998; Moore, 1995, Smith, 2004) of Urban Local Authority Collaboration (ULAC) as economic development policy, relative to three theoretical domains in the literature: economic collaboration (i.e. new/old institutional economics: Ostrom 1990, 2016; Williamson, 2000); spatial collaboration (i.e. institutional economic geography: Ostrom, 2010; Gerber, 2015; Tarko and Aligica, 2012), and governance collaboration (i.e. collective action theory: Hulst and van Monfort, 2012; Feiock, 2008, 2013). Theoretically, the ‘institution’ (Amin, 2001; Jessop, 2001; Williamson, 2000; Aligica and Boettke, 2009; Gertler, 2010) is a distinct conceptual dimension connecting the theoretical literature, bridging scholarly boundaries across compatible ontological insights (Bathelt and Gluckler, 2003; and Hay, 2011). A conceptual framework is developed to help understand: a) what ULAC looks like; b) how ULAC creates PV and, c) why institutions explain the PV of ULAC. A purposeful single case study of ULAC (i.e. the Scottish Cities Alliance (SCA): a formalised institutional policy network involving seven Urban Local Authorities (ULAs) and the Scottish Government) involved collecting data using semi-structured interviews, secondary data, policy documentation and non-participant observation. The emergence of the SCA as economic development policy in Scotland – conducive to an institutionally sensitive theoretical approach – presents a valuable opportunity to contribute towards an empirical and theoretical understanding of ULAC. Using template analysis, findings emerged through process-tracing, sense-making and thick narrative descriptions to reveal aggregate dimensions and second-order themes and first-order concepts. The thesis responds to calls for in-depth case study research of the way local government collaboration operates and performs (Hulst and Montfort, 2012), engaging with the ‘fuzzy’(Markhusen, 2003) concepts and processes of ‘urban collaboration’, ‘policy outcomes’ and ‘institutions’ to reveal a lack of empirical and conceptual understanding of how ULAC operates: particularly the role of ‘urban’ institutional context as a ‘key actor attribute’ (Hulst and van Monfort, 2012: 139). Using a critical realist ontology (Jessop, 2005), the research is best suited to Stake’s (2005) interpretive methodological approach to contextualised theorising, using the SCA in Scotland to investigate the ‘contextualised’ Institutional context, to help inductively conceptualise the PV of ULAC as economic development policy. Whilst conscious of the risks of methodological and conceptual ‘stretching’ (Stubbs, 2005: 71) , the research uses Scotland as a case study to conceptualise the more generic, abstract features of ULAC as a ‘theoretically vague’ term that may ‘travel’ (Stubbs, 2005: 71). The results validate a realist perspective of the theoretical role of formal and informal institutions shaping the contextual path dependant nature of the PV of ULAC. The methodological contribution of the thesis highlights how a new evolving model of economic and spatial governance in Scotland, presents potential challenges for the future delivery of urban policy and practice in Scotland, before closing with a discussion of research limitations and recommendations for areas of future academic research.
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Musitha, Mavhungu Elias. "The role of traditional authority in integrated development planning policy implementation with reference to Limpopo province." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24222.
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This study was to investigate the role played by traditional authorities in IDP policy implementation in local municipal councils in the Vhembe District located in Limpopo Province. The specific objectives of this study were to characterise the traditional authority serving in the municipal councils. Traditional leaders serving in municipal councils, the district mayor, local municipal mayors, managers, IDP managers, district and provincial representatives of the House of Traditional Leaders in Limpopo Province were interviewed using semi-structured sets of questionnaire to obtain the required data. The data were entered into an Excel Spreadsheet and subsequently exported into an SPSS for analysis. The results of the study revealed that traditional authority forms an integral part of IDP policy implementation in Vhembe District Municipality. The results further revealed that perceptions of stakeholders vary as to the role played by traditional authorities in the IDP policy implementation process. The results revealed that some traditional leaders agreed that participation in IDP policy implementation (45.5%), involvement (45.2%), the submission of views (41.2%); ward committee meetings (42.8), council IDP policy (90.0%), role (50.0%), submission of proposals (38.7%) and consultation by the municipality (93.2%), were all satisfactorily taking place in the municipality. Furthermore, the results indicated that traditional leaders serving in municipal councils were members of the ruling party (40.0%), aged on average 55.26 years, distributed between 35 and 75 years, and were from extended households of 11.3 members per household, distributed between 3 and 25 members ¯ with an average of 2.4 spouses per traditional leader, distributed between one and five spouses. The majority had attained secondary level education (40.0%), tertiary level education (33.3%) and primary education (26.7%). They showed high experience ranging between 2 to 35 years, and 17.46 years on average as traditional leaders – with a further 7.66 years of experience in the municipal council. The majority make their livelihood by way of compensation from council (73.3%), wages from government as traditional leaders (93.3%), or employment (6.7%). All the traditional leaders own vehicles. The study concluded that the demographic and endowment characteristics of these traditional leaders influence their role in municipal IDP policy implementation.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
unrestricted
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Whiting, Ruth Helen. "'Site under construction' : the role of discourse in the social construction of Local Authority Traveller accommodation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/60035/.
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Key traditional foci in Traveller-related academic work have tended to be ’socio-economics’ and ‘culture’/‘ethnicity’. Diverting from these, this thesis takes a sociological Housing Studies starting-point in considering ‘Travelling people’ in the context of ‘housing’ as ‘home’, and ‘residence’ as an aspect of the human ‘way of life’. From the epistemological perspective of ‘weak’ social constructionism (Berger and Luckmann, 1966), and accepting a ‘universalistic’ understanding of ‘ethnicity’ (Malešević, 2004), I problematize the concept ‘way of life’ in its popular sense of socio-cultural ‘lifestyle’, identifying, and suggesting the term ‘lifeway’ to denote, a dichotomous (nomadic-sedentary) socio-ecological subsense within its English-language construction. Similarly problematised, the construct ‘Traveller’ and its commonly-accepted counterpart ‘settled’ appear as a pair of diversely multi-ethnic human lifeway collectives, differentiated not primarily by degree of mobility, but by contrasting ‘nomadic’ and ‘sedentary’ versions of ‘residence’, ‘dwelling’, ‘home’, etc. Using a reflexive, broadly ‘Foucauldian’ (Carabine, 2001), discourse analysis methodology (Potter, 1996; Wetherell et al. 2001), I consider Traveller/nomadic ’residence’ empirically through a case study (Yin, 2003) of the ‘Local Authority Traveller Site’ as a discursive ‘text’ central to dominant representations of Traveller/nomadic ‘dwelling’/ ‘home’. From Sedentarist and Nomadist socio-discursive accounts of social construction and contestation, I develop bi- and tri-modal understandings of seemingly incomprehensible and/or irreducible intra- and inter-paradigmatic tensions. In this initial attempt at a nomadism-sensitive critique, I argue that academic consideration of Traveller and other socio-ecologically non-hegemonic lifeways, within Housing and beyond, has been limited by a universally ‘Sedentarist’ discursive ‘bottom line’. I propose amelioration of this through reformulation of the concept of lifeway, a discrete, essential dimension of human identity cross-cutting (rather than reducible to) ethnicity, class or gender, from a dichotomy to a continuum of socio-ecological practice; and related expansion of Kemeny’s (1992) concept of ‘residence’. The now considerable theoretical and critical capability of Housing Studies and related fields, combined with the ‘lifeway’ perspectives offered by Romani Studies and related fields, could produce potentially very fruitful and far-reaching ‘integrative’ (Kemeny, 1992; also Acton, 1997) ‘trans-disciplinary’ (Clapham et al., 2012) and ‘theory-making’ (King, 2009) collaboration. This could enable more visible, comprehensible mainstream academic representation of Traveller and other non-hegemonic residence modes, and enhanced mobilities (Urry, 2007) accounts of hegemonic residence, housing, dwelling and home.
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Miso, Fundiswa Thelma. "The role of council committees in promoting financial accountability: A case study of Stellenbosch municipality." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4038_1363691629.
Full textAbstract:
Municipal councils are vested with the legal authority to promote financial accountability in their respective municipalities. To accomplish this responsibility, municipal council establishes committees to enable a structured and coordinated mechanism through which it can promote financial accountability effectively. However and despite the available legal and institutional mechanisms established to enable council committees to promote financial accountability, the lack of effective financial accountability in municipalities has persisted. This study focused on the role of council committees in ensuring financial accountability. It was guided by the following research questions: What are the major factors that contribute to financial accountability at local level, what is the role of council committees in promoting financial accountability and how can council committees be strengthened to play an effective role in Stellenbosch municipality&rsquo
s municipal financial accountability. Stellenbosch Local Municipality was used as a case study for this research. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced from members of relevant council committees through structured and unstructured interviews. Secondary data was obtained from relevant municipal reports, internet sources, government department publications, journals and Auditor - General&rsquo
s reports which contributed to the reliability, validity and objectivity of the findings. The findings showed that political instability, a lack of a culture of accountability, lack of clearly defined authority for accountability, lack of relevant capacity and willingness are some of the major factors that have impacted negatively on council committees from promoting effective financial accountability. The study opens up the possibility of future research to include a wider number of municipalities.
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Nisters, David [Verfasser]. "Poetry and Authority : Chaucer, Vernacular Fable and the Role of Readers in Fifteenth-Century England / David Nisters." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://d-nb.info/118021577X/34.
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Parris, Cheryl A. E. "Bishop George Barrett's role in the FIGHT-Kodak conflict an examination of Episcopal authority and social justice /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Ferries, Hilary Ann. "Trust and tension : the role of the primary school improvement partner in one local authority 2008-2011." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2013. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/4a761096-f405-4842-8171-f3a8bde299b2.
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The thesis addresses the role of the primary School Improvement Partner (SIP) within the field of school improvement. In early 2004 the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) published a vision for a new relationship between central government and schools. One element of this vision was a new role: that of the School Improvement Partner. Following the General Election in 2010 the White Paper, 'The Importance of Teaching', ended the SIP role. This study is a reflection on the role of the primary SIP, through a case study in one urban Local Authority (LA). This intrinsic case study enables the voices of the different professionals to be heard as it explores and explains how different professionals navigated their professional world and made meaning of the SIP / headteacher relationship, particularly how closely the role of SIP followed the government brief, the tensions and conflict involved and the contribution of the SIP to educational change. The research used a mixture of methods: two sets of interviews with six SIPs and six headteachers, documentary analysis of government and LA policy papers, SIP reports and an interview with a recently retired National Strategies officer who was responsible for monitoring the SIP programme across the region. The data analysis illuminated initial concerns about the SIP role and its purpose. Headteachers were concerned about the introduction of the SIPs, and evidence from headteachers, SIPs and the author's own experience as a SIP indicated that the role was interpreted in different ways. Headteachers were wary of these new professionals and there were several areas of tension such as accountability, power and a nationally developed agenda that felt inflexible and not always relevant to headteachers or schools. However, trust developed over time. At its most successful the SIPs were acting as critical friends, providing focused support and challenge for headteachers to help them reflect on school improvement processes and outcomes through a constructive 2 dialogue. The culture of this LA made a difference to the programme and this raises implications for the way that LAs work with headteachers in the future. The thesis concludes that the sudden withdrawal of funding by the new Coalition government for the SIP role was unwelcome to the headteachers. There were variations in the way the role was lived by the headteachers and SIPs, in contrast to the national policy. The majority of headteachers were positive about having an objective 'critical friend' who helped them reflect. They believe there is a place for a partner with whom they can have confidential conversations and share aspects of leadership and school improvement issues, but that such relationships are most effective when built on trust and this takes time to develop. There are lessons to learn from this as we move into a self improving school system.
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Williams, Steven Lyn. "Smudging the book : the role of cultural authority in tribal historical narratives and revitalization at rocky boy." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3405.
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Beginning with Native American activism in the 1960's and bolstered by the Indian Self Determination Act of 1975, tribes have been actively attempting in recent decades to increase tribal sovereignty and self-determination and revitalize tribal communities. One way they are doing this at Rocky Boy's Reservation in North Central Montana, is by taking control of the production of tribal narratives through institutions like the tribe's Internal Review Board and the completion of the first tribal history written completely by tribal members (2008). Another way is by looking back at the history of past researchers to the reservation and having important dialogues about the impacts and legacies of those researchers' work with the community. Out of this dialogue an "oral tradition" has emerged at Rocky Boy centering largely on Frank Bird Linderman (1869-1938) and Verne Dusenberry (1906-1966). These two researchers are often remembered very differently by tribal members: Linderman emerges as a hero due to his political aid for the Chippewa Cree in helping them acquire a reservation homeland, while Dusenberry more often serves as a representative of the troubled relationship between researchers and the tribe in the past.
This dissertation examines the creation of historical narratives about Rocky Boy's Chippewa Cree, focusing on the effects of "contests" over cultural authority between key researchers to the reservation and tribal leaders in the making of those narratives. This dissertation makes a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the two researchers' claims to cultural authority by returning them to the contexts of their relationships with Chippewa Cree, and the stories and legacies that emerged around their work on the reservation. It explores the responses of tribal leaders to Linderman and Dusenberry and attempts by Chippewa Cree leaders (Little Bear, Big Rock, Rocky Boy, and Four Souls) to recontextualize and reclaim cultural authority and tribal historical narratives in their interactions with these researchers. By making these comparisons, this dissertation examines the ongoing effects these battles over cultural authority have had on tribal self-determination and revitalization efforts both past and present.
Two of four chapters detail the lives and textual works of Frank Bird Linderman and Verne Dusenberry. These two men serve as a nexus point for the complex, interwoven and historically-layered "contexts" and "contests" over authority--both past and present, inter-culturally and intra-tribally, as writing and material forms, between outsiders and the living reservation that are the focus of this dissertation.
This dissertation intervenes into previous histories written about Rocky Boy that have largely failed to recognize how complexly intertwined and often shared the processes of creating histories about the Rocky Boy's Reservation have been between outside researchers, tribal leaders and the reservation community. It also intercedes in the ongoing dialogue and debate about the role of researchers, cultural authority and protocols and tribal history in tribal revitalization and self-determination for the tribe.
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Lawrence, Clinton Martin Norman. "Charles I and Anthony van Dyck portraiture : images of authority and masculinity." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of History, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3370.
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This thesis is an examination of Charles I of England’s projection of kingship
through Sir Anthony van Dyck portraits during his personal rule. These portraits provide
important insight into Charles’ vision of kingship because they were commissioned by
the king and displayed at court, revealing that his kingship rested on complementary
ideals of traditional kingship in addition to divine right. In this thesis, Charles’ van Dyck
portraits are studied in the context of seventeenth-century ideals of paterfamilias, knight,
and gentleman. These ideals provide important cultural narratives which were seen to be
reflective of legitimacy, power, and masculinity, which in turn gave legitimacy to
Charles’ kingship. The system of values and ideals represented in Charles’ portraits
reveal that his vision of kingship was complex and nuanced, demonstrating that divine
right was just one aspect of many, upon which his kingship was premised.viii, 164 leaves : [18] leaves of color plates ; 29 cm
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Hansen, Elisabeth Marie. "A vision of her place Julian of Norwich and the contemplative's role in the Christian community /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313909461&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Rothenberg, Neil. "The role of authority and context in shaping leadership processesand distribution in business school departments: an exploratory study." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9619.
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Since the turn of the century interest has grown in alternative models of
leadership to reflect increased complexity and ambiguity, the need to respond
faster to complex market conditions, and new patterns of accountability, inter-
dependency and co-ordination within organisations of all types. This has led to
the emergence of alternative models of leadership including shared and
distributed leadership. In many organisations, such as those with matrix
structures, many leaders need to accomplish organisational goals without
formal line management authority over employees. This is also the case in
many professional services (e.g. law and consultancy) that operate partnership
models whereby individuals have little direct authority over their peers. In
University settings the governance structure also impedes traditional
hierarchical leadership. The tenure system, operated by many universities and
colleges in the United States and Canada, provides intellectual autonomy,
protects academics from external pressure and offers job security. Despite a
growing literature on shared and distributed leadership, few studies have
empirically examined the nature of leadership distribution, the contextual factors
that impact leadership, and how those in senior positions (e.g. university
department chairs) achieve organisational goals when employees (e.g. faculty
members) possess significant authority and autonomy. This study addresses
this gap. In so doing the study aims to contribute to the literature on shared and
distributed leadership and provide important insight to assist positional leaders
who possess limited direct authority in more effectively accomplishing their
leadership goals. ...[cont.]
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Nakiyaga, Brenda, and Thi Lan Anh Dinh. "HOW ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AFFECTS INTERNAL CONTROL EFFECTIVENESS: THE ROLE PLAYED BY TOP MANAGEMENT : Case study: Uganda Revenue Authority." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-55401.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine and understand the role played by top management towards aligning an organization’s culture to achieve effective internal controls, particularly for organizations operating in emerging economies prone to corruption. Methodology – The study applies both the empirical research approach and the theoretical research approach to examine and understand the major concepts of organisational culture, effectiveness of internal controls and the role played by top management to align the organisation’s culture to achieve effective internal controls. The empirical approach employs qualitative methods to collect data and the research findings are analysed using the deductive approach. A case study of URA is used to collect primary data through the use of a questionnaire. Findings – The study considers the role of top management in the context of the organization’s culture orientation and based on a hierarchical organizational culture background illustrated by the case study, the study concludes that managers in such an organizational culture orientation, play an influential role towards aligning an organization’s culture to achieve the desired “internal control” objective. Research limitations – There was limited time within which to conduct the research which limited the sample size for data collection. It was a huge gamble to determine the effectiveness of internal controls based on an organisation operating in an emerging corrupt economy since there is a chance that internal controls in such organisations are superficial in nature and may not be implemented in practice. Little research has been done on the concepts of organisational culture and effectiveness of internal control systems in emerging economies which limited extensive review of relevant research literature on the research problem. Research contribution – The research contributes additional literature on organizational culture in emerging economies since very little has been done in this area. The research provides practical recommendations on how top management can positively influence an organizational culture to aid the achievement of successful internal controls particularly for organizations operating in East Africa.
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George, Khanyisa. "The role of traditional leadership in governance and rural development: a case study of the Mpumalanga traditional authority." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1575.
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This study examines how well the Mgwalana Traditional Authority (MTA) is performing its role of governing and developing its area and the municipal area of Nkonkobe in the Province of the Eastern Cape. The Chief of the MTA is one of the 2400 traditional leaders in South Africa who are responsible for giving leadership and development services to approximately 16 million people living in the rural areas. This study tries to find answers to two research questions: 1) What role does the Mgwalana traditional council play in governance and development? 2) Has the South African government managed to add traditional leadership to the local government structures? The study shows that the MTA is finding it difficult to do much socio-economic development because the Nkonkobe Local Municipality considers governance and development as its own role, and the traditional leadership is supposed to join only in customary and cultural activities. The research concludes that these two bodies could move out of the cross-road if they were to follow the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act, 2003 (Act 41 of 2003), and if the municipality were to work with local stakeholders, including the MTA, to achieve the goals for local government laid down in section 152 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996.
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Pan, Jing. "The role of local government in shaping and influencing international policy frameworks." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11117.
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This thesis explores the capacity of local government to influence intergovernmental organizations’ policy frameworks during the formulation and implementation of their instruments and policies. It provides empirical insights into the decision making and implementation of international policy regimes, specifically within a European context, and contributes to the broader theoretical understanding of these regimes through the development of multi-level governance as a framework of analysis. The thesis extends multi-level governance as a theoretical framework in two ways. First, it does so by going beyond its usual development and application within the European Union. The role of local government is examined in the pan-European political context shaped by the Council of Europe. Second, it pays special attention to the upstream link between local authorities and international actors in the context of multi-level governance settings. To date, most research on local government in multi-level governance settings has focused on the new challenges brought by extended multiple tiers of jurisdictions and how local government has been affected by the internationally shaped political arrangements. Little attention has been placed on the upward flow of interaction of local authorities or their capacity to influence international decision making and policy implementation. Empirical research in this thesis has focused on the capacity of local government to share the meta-steering role with the multi-level governance framework. The potential of local government to influence the international policy frameworks has been investigated based on its unique value in enhancing good governance in line with international norms and principles. At the theoretical level, the research argues multi-level governance reflects not simply the redistribution of power resources among various actors, but also the process of reshaping understanding and preferences through direct communication between actors at different territorial levels. It suggests that local political preferences can be shaped and reframed by broader values and consequently generates significant influence on higher level policy outcomes. However, despite the existence of specific constitutional devices for involving local development in the legislative processes of the Council of Europe, empirical evidence shows local authorities have largely failed to take up this opportunity, and their influence remains limited. Implications hence can be drawn for wider utilization of local engagement in intergovernmental organizations; for example, within the context the Committee of the Regions of the Europe Union.
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White, Brian C. "The role of the Dallas Housing Authority in providing decent, affordable and low-income housing for blacks, 1985-2003." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2004. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/644.
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This study examines whether the Dallas Housing Authority has succeeded in providing adequate housing for black families in Dallas, Texas. Furthermore, this research examines whether the Dallas Housing Authority has complied with the Walker v. HUD, 734 F. Supp 1289 (N.D., TX. 1989) suit in building public housing in nonminority areas despite opposition from other pressure groups. This study begins with the premise that the Dallas Housing Authority is adequately providing public housing to black families in Dallas County, Texas. A case-study approach was used to analyze data gathered to determine whether equality and fair housing are being practiced by the Dallas Housing Authority, although opposing viewpoints would indicate otherwise. The researcher's conclusion supports the premise that the Dallas Housing Authority is meeting the needs of black families in providing adequate low-income housing on a temporary basis.
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Chung, Kwok-hang, and 鍾國恆. "Housing management of tenants purchase scheme : the expectation from different stakeholders and the role of Hong Kong Housing Authority." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196058.
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Home ownership is a dream for many Hong Kong people. In 1997, property prices in Hong Kong soared to a new height. To meet the community’s expectation, The HK SAR Government launched which believed Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) was a solution. Through this scheme, public housing tenants were encouraged to buy their flats in their affording price. In the beginning, it received a very good response and it seemed very optimistic. However, it was severely criticized lately about the estate management and the arguments arc never ended. According to Arnstein’s model, the cause might be due to different expectations, role change and participation from various involved parties, including Housing Authority, TPS flat owners and public housing tenants in the TPS estates. Cairneross, Clapham and Goodlad (1997) implied tenant, housing manager and councilor were playing a game under the framework of tenant participation and such game determinate the rules of housing management. Thus, that may apply to the situation happened in TPS. With the vision of living in peace and contentment for TPS residents, this dissertation aims at examining the role changing of residents, from tenant to owner, and the level of resident participation in those TPS estates and eventually to exam how these conflicts occur from such changes. By applying
Arnstein's model to investigate the issue, we hope to identify the root cause and provide a light of resolution. To carry out the investigation, documentary review and interviews were conducted to gather information for analysis. Base on the findings with Arnstein's model, this paper concludes that TPS could be a good example to explain Arnstein's ladder of Citizen Participation – The change of role leads to the reallocation of estate management authority. If we can solve the management issues, TPS is a good scheme to help citizens to create comfortable living place. We hope this dissertation can help to provide a light of resolution.published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
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FERRAZ, THALYTA GOMES. "SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION S ROLE IN REARTICULATING CULTURAL HERITAGE AUTHORITY IN BRAZIL: A STUDY ON IPHAN S INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26947@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta dissertação trata da rearticulação da autoridade do patrimônio cultural no Brasil via ações de cooperação internacional a partir de 2008. Mais especificamente, elabora uma compreensão acerca do engajamento do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), instância compreendida como a autoridade que define quem diz o que é patrimônio cultural da nação e o que deve ser preservado, em iniciativas internacionais no âmbito da cooperação Sul-Sul. Inicialmente, o trabalho explora a construção dessa autoridade a partir de narrativas que legitimam as práticas de preservação e sua desestabilização no início dos anos 1980, com os processos de democratização que eclodiram no Brasil. No final do século XX, esses processos abriram espaço para contestações quanto a representação do patrimônio cultural consagrado, conformando a necessidade de reelaboracão da identidade nacional forjada pelas políticas de patrimônio cultural. Em seguida, apresenta a evolução do tema do patrimônio imaterial nos debates internacionais no âmbito da UNESCO e a incorporação desse conceito como condição para a rearticulação da autoridade patrimonial. Por fim, aponta como a ampliação do conceito de patrimônio cultural e o reconhecimento de novas identidades culturais impõem questões acerca da correspondência entre identidade nacional e território, problematizando a autoridade do IPHAN. O trabalho conclui que as iniciativas internacionais em gestão de patrimônio cultural do IPHAN contribuem para a rearticulação de sua autoridade patrimonial, pois permitem, através da releitura do território do Estado brasileiro, a reelaboração da identidade nacional, agora reconhecida na sua heterogeneidade e por sua espacialidade transnacional.
This Master thesis addresses the rearticulation of authority in cultural heritage within Brazil through international cooperation initiatives since 2008. More specifically, it elaborates an understanding on the engagement of the Institute of Historical and Artistic National Heritage (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, IPHAN, in Portuguese), the entity seen as responsible to define who determines the content of cultural national heritage and what should be preserved, within South-South cooperation initiatives. Initially, the following thesis explores the construction of this authority from the narratives that legitimize preservation practices and the destabilization of those at the beginning of the 1980s drawing from the democratization processes in Brazil. In the end of 20th century these processes open space for contestations towards the representation of the sacred cultural heritage, shaping the need to redesign the national identity, which has been forged by the cultural heritage policies. Next, the international debates within the UNESCO and the evolution of the topic of intangible heritage will be assessed as a strategy or necessary condition to rearticulate the Institute s heritage authority. Finally, the extension of the cultural heritage concept and the recognition of new cultural identities raise questions in terms of the correspondence between national identity and territory, problematizing IPHAN s authority. The thesis concludes that the international initiatives in cultural heritage management promoted by IPHAN contribute to the rearticulation of its heritage authority, because they allow through a new reading of the Brazilian s state territory, the reelaboration of the national identity, now recognized as heterogeneous and by its transnational spatiality.
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Braeger, Todd J. "The Role of Sibling Authority in the Occurrence of Prosocial and Aggressive Behavior in Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Sibling Dyads." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2386.
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The effects that each sibling's relative cognitive and physical abilities may have on the quality of sibling interaction are not clearly understood in either nonhandicapped or handicapped sibling dyads. A measure of sibling authority based on behavioral observations of sibling interaction was developed that represents how sibling abilities are translated into sibling power within handicapped and nonhandicapped sibling dyads. This measure of sibling authority was related to the occurrence of prosocial and aggressive behaviors in sibling dyads with and without a child with handicaps. Ninety-three sibling dyads participated. Included were 34 nonhandicapped sibling dyads, 12 sibling dyads in which the older sibling had a handicapping condition, and 47 sibling dyads in which the younger sibling had a handicapping condition. The handicapping conditions were Down Syndrome, mental retardation, or severe hearing impairment. Results indicate that although the older sibling had greater authority overall, younger siblings had greater authority in over half of all sibling dyads. Sibling authority was not found to be dependent specifically on the presence of the handicapping conditions represented in this study nor upon the gender composition of the sibling dyads. Small differences in authority scores between siblings were associated with a greater frequency of prosocial behavior in both siblings. However, there were no significant differences between groups or siblings on the occurrence of either prosocial or aggressive behaviors. Both siblings contributed equally to the positive or negative nature of their interaction regardless of handicapping condition.
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Sankar, Sunita. "Youth perceptions of authority figures in a South African secondary school and the role of gender withinn those perceptions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3642.
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Rothenberg, Neil. "The role of authority and context in shaping leadership processes and distribution in business school departments : an exploratory study." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9619.
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Since the turn of the century interest has grown in alternative models of leadership to reflect increased complexity and ambiguity, the need to respond faster to complex market conditions, and new patterns of accountability, inter- dependency and co-ordination within organisations of all types. This has led to the emergence of alternative models of leadership including shared and distributed leadership. In many organisations, such as those with matrix structures, many leaders need to accomplish organisational goals without formal line management authority over employees. This is also the case in many professional services (e.g. law and consultancy) that operate partnership models whereby individuals have little direct authority over their peers. In University settings the governance structure also impedes traditional hierarchical leadership. The tenure system, operated by many universities and colleges in the United States and Canada, provides intellectual autonomy, protects academics from external pressure and offers job security. Despite a growing literature on shared and distributed leadership, few studies have empirically examined the nature of leadership distribution, the contextual factors that impact leadership, and how those in senior positions (e.g. university department chairs) achieve organisational goals when employees (e.g. faculty members) possess significant authority and autonomy. This study addresses this gap. In so doing the study aims to contribute to the literature on shared and distributed leadership and provide important insight to assist positional leaders who possess limited direct authority in more effectively accomplishing their leadership goals.
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Hagan, Ciaran. "'Post-crisis' urban cultural policy in Bristol : the role of brokering agents in urban authority engagements with alternative culture." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702212.
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This thesis examines the extent to which the context of the 'post-crisis city' (Tonkiss 2013) and 'austerity urbanism' (Peck, 2012) has given prominence to a particular iteration of the creative city paradigm. This 'alternative creative city' iteration makes a virtue of alternative culture, that is, the sub- and counter-cultural activities that have largely been ignored or marginalised in 'mainstream' urban cultural policy. The thesis explores how this iteration has taken shape in the UK city of Bristol in recent years. It finds that the 2008 financial crisis and the subsequent austerity context has generated urban and political-economic conditions that are in part conducive, and at other times contradictory, to the rise of the 'alternative creative city'. In doing so, it highlights other important and contingent factors that have also played a role in the emergence of this iteration in Bristol. The thesis shows that the 'alternative creative city' is not only associated with a celebration of groups and activities that were once marginalised by urban authorities, but also novel and substantive forms of engagement between urban authorities and alternative culture. These engagements are examined through two case studies to elucidate how they take shape and, crucially, who is involved in this process. The analysis reveals a more heterogeneous array of actors involved in assembling the creative city than currently appreciated in the wider urban cultural policy literature. In particular, the thesis argues that urban geography research can benefit from a more actor-centred account that affords greater agency to 'cultural actors' in the urban cultural policy-making process. By turning the analytical spotlight on, to date, an underestimated set of agents, and the work they do, it argues that the 'alternative creative city' is not only associated with novel engagements, but also opportunities for new sets of actors to shape urban policies.
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Freeman, Ricky. "Rethinking gender and authority in Christ increasing knowledge and changing attitudes about women in ministry at Saint John Church-Baptist, Chicago, Illinois /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Fahlvik, Ida, and Lindberg Siri Simonsson. "Det gäller att hålla huvudet kallt och hjärtat varmt : En studie om socialarbetares upplevelser av rollkonflikt och makt i socialt arbete." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29680.
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Som socialarbetare behöver man både kunna hålla huvudet kallt och samtidigt ha ett varmt hjärta. Att drivas av viljan att hjälpa samtidigt som lagar och regler styr stora delar av arbetet kan skapa konflikter i yrkesrollen. Denna uppsats lyfter de splittrade rollerna. Studien syftar till att undersöka socialarbetares upplevelser av rollen som myndighetsperson och rollen som hjälpare i det sociala arbetet samt hur dessa roller påverkar mötet med klienten samt hur makten i myndighetsrollen påverkar hjälparrollen och mötet med klienten. För att ta reda på socialarbetarnas upplevelser genomfördes fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Faktorer som undersökts är förhållandet mellan rollerna, rollkonflikter, hantering av rollkonflikt samt vilken makt som finns i rollerna. Resultatet har analyserats med begreppen pastoralmakt och caring power. Studien visar att samtliga informanter beskriver att de upplevt motstridigheter mellan rollerna samt att balansen mellan makt och hjälp är komplex. Alla informanter beskriver att de olika rollerna påverkar mötet med klienten men trots det verkar detta många gånger vara oreflekterat hos socialarbetare.As a social worker, you need to think with a cool head while having a warm heart. Driven by a will to help, but faced with laws and regulations that can lead to conflicts between the professional and governing body. This study has been put in place to examine this relationship from the social workers point of view. This qualitative study aims to examine social workers experiences of power in “the authority role” and how that power affect “the helper role” within social work. We also want to investigate how these roles affect in meeting with the client. In order to understand the social workers experiences semi-structured interviews were made with workers within this department. The main focus was to exam how the specified roles affect the meeting with clients. Factors examined are: The relationship, conflicts, management and power between the roles. In the analysis of the result, the concepts of pastoral power and caring power have been used, and thus lift the social workers view of power and help. The study shows that all informants experienced contradictions between the roles and that the balance between power and help is complex. However, the study also shows that the subject is relatively unreflected by the social workers.
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Grogan, Michael A. "Airspace control authority in stability operations : the role of the United States Air Force in rebuilding Afghanistan's national airspace system /." Montgomery, Ala. : Ft. Belvior, VA : Alexandria, Va. : Air University Press (AUL/LP), Maxwell Air Force Base ; Available to the public through the Defense Technical Information Center ; National Technical Information Service [distributor], 2005. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/.
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Thesis--Air Command and Staff College, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, April 2005."April 2005." Thesis advisor: Dr. Bert L. Frandsen. Performed by Air University Press (AUL/LP), Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, Ala. "AU/ACSC/6244/2004-05." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30). Also available online from the Air University Research Information Management System (AURIMS) and the DTIC Online Web sites.
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Gibson, Matthew. "The role of self-conscious emotions in child protection social work practice : a case study of a local authority safeguarding service." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6886/.
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This thesis reports on the first study into the role of self-conscious emotions, namely pride, shame, guilt, humiliation, and embarrassment, in social work practice. Employing a qualitative case study research design, involving the safeguarding service of one local authority, ethnographic constructionist grounded theory methods were used to develop a conceptual understanding of these emotional experiences in the practice of the social workers involved. Integrating data from 246.5 hours of observations, 99 diary entries, 33 assessments written by the social workers, 19 interviews, and 329 pages of documents relating to the organisation, this study analyses the context for these emotional experiences within the case study site, how they were experienced, and their influence on the social workers’ practice. It argues that these emotional experiences are inherently part of practice, influencing what the social workers did and how they did it, which could be manipulated by others to regulate the social workers’ identities so that they acted in institutionally ‘appropriate’ ways. While some social workers felt proud to act in such a manner in some contexts, often resulting in a difficult experience for the parents, most social workers felt constrained, believing they were no longer doing social work, and in some contexts sought to resist the institutional expectations.
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Moran, Marcio Roberto. "Determinants of merger review decisions: an assessment of the Brazilian antitrust authority\'s capabilities and the influential role of antitrust commissioners." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-19112015-155450/.
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Merger reviews are institutionalized and customized analyses of mergers and acquisitions by antitrust authorities which result in approvals or disapprovals of the strategic intents of firms. In view of the wide variety of agents whose lives may be changed by a merger review, the fact that different stakeholders might induce a government intervention on a particular deal, and the central role of antitrust commissioners in this context, the general aim of this thesis is to examine the determinants of merger review decisions, but particularly those related to commissioners\' personal attributes, values and interests. Additionally, some structural and procedural issues contained in the antitrust regulatory sphere as well as control variables related to other perspectives of analysis are included as part of this empirical analysis. To achieve the mentioned general objective and other specific goals, a unique dataset was built that covers a fourteen-year period of competition regulation in Brazil. The sample of this study comprises 30,543 votes by 36 different panel members on 5,091 transactions examined through ordered probit models. This thesis, mainly, reveals that \'political ideology\', \'prior work experience in the public service\' and \'human capital\' of antitrust commissioners, in addition to the size of commissions\' voting panels, affect consistently merger review verdicts. In short, under the PSDB presidential administration, for example, transactions were less challenged in Brazil. Regarding the \'public service experience\', commissioners who have predominant prior job or professional association in Education, Health and Social areas, inversely to \'political ideology\', increase the likelihood of high levels of intervention in private deals. Additionally, commissioners\' accumulated skills and knowledge - the \'human capital\' - also affect positively law enforcement on merger reviews. The implications of this particular contribution to public administration follow the same path of \'public service experience\': if societies do not pressure politicians to improve public service, considering not only a remarkable knowledge in Law or Economics to appoint a commissioner, but having a broader view of individuals\' motivations and claims, interferences between \'concepts, principles and norms\' stated in laws, and law enforcement will continuously occur. The last consistent result shows that the likelihood of the Brazilian authority to impose significant changes to firms decreases the greater the voting panel. Thus, this thesis suggests to antitrust policymakers that wide ranges of minimum and maximum quorum in voting panels must be avoided. To the best knowledge of this thesis author, there is not any past research that found such results. It means a unique contribution to the antitrust and management literatures.Atos de concentração são processos de análise institucionalizados e customizados de fusões e aquisições, realizados por autoridades antitrustes, que resultam na aprovação ou bloqueio dos intentos estratégicos das firmas. Em vista da grande variadade de agentes cujas vidas podem ser afetadas pelos atos de concentração, do fato de que diferentes agentes podem induzir uma intervenção do governo em uma transação específica e o papel central dos conselheiros antitruste neste contexto, o objetivo geral desta tese é examinar os determinantes das decisões de uma autoridade antitruste sobre atos de concentração, mas particularmente os determinantes relacionados aos atributos pessoais, valores e interesses dos conselheiros. Adicionalmente, alguns fatores contidos na esfera regulatória antitruste são considerados nesta análise empírica. Para que o objetivo geral mencionado e outros específicos sejam alcançados, um banco de dados único foi construído e cobre um período de catorze anos de regulacão no Brasil. A amostra deste estudo, então, contém 30,543 votos de 36 diferentes membros do CADE sobre 5,091 transações. Modelos probit ordenados são usados para a análise dos dados. Esta tese, principalmente, revela que \'ideologia política\', \'experiencia prévia de trabalho no setor público\' e \'capital humano\' dos conselheiros antitruste, somando-se ao tamanho do plenário votante, afetam consistentemente os veriditos de atos de concentração. Em resumo, sob a administração federal do PSDB, por exemplo, as transações foram menos alteradas no Brasil. Quanto à experiencia no serviço público, os conselheiros que tiveram atuação profissional predominante nas áreas de Educação, Saúde e Assistencia Social, inversamente à \'ideologia polítical, aumentam a probabilidade de altos níveis de intervenção estatal em acordos privados. Adicionalmente, habilidades e conhecimento acumulados dos conselheiros, o chamado \'capital humano\', também afetam positivamente o nível de emprego da lei em atos de concentração. As implicações destes achados para a administração pública seguem um mesmo caminho: se a sociedade não pressionar os politicos a aperfeiçoarem o serviço público, considerando-se não somente o notável saber jurídico ou econômico para a nomeação de um conselheiro, mas tendo uma visão mais ampla das motivações e pretensões dos indivíduos, interferências continuarão a existir entre \'conceitos, principios e normas\' anunciados pela lei e a lei aplicada. Por fim, como último resultado consistente, a probabilidade de que a autoridade antitruste Brasileira imponha mudanças significativas às firmas decresce à medida que os conselheiros habilitados para votar são mais numerosos. Portanto, esta tese sugere aos formuladores de políticas que sejam evitados intervalos largos entre o mínimo e o máximo de votantes.