Academic literature on the topic 'Authors, Austrian'
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Journal articles on the topic "Authors, Austrian"
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Potrząsaj, Dominik. "Die „Nestbeschmutzer“ gegen den österreichischen Opfermythos: Die Wolfshaut von Hans Lebert und Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall von Thomas Bernhard im Vergleich." Acta Philologica, no. 61 (2023) (December 29, 2023): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/acta.61.2023.8.
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The article aims to explore the phenomenon of the “Nestbeschmutzer” in the context of Austrian victim theory. The term was coined in post-war Austria to describe authors who, in defiance of politicians and society, called for a reckoning with the country’s Nazi past. Two literary works are representative of this theme, Hans Lebertʾs Die Wolfshaut (‘The Wolfskin’) and Thomas Bernhardʾs Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall (Extinction), were selected for analysis. Both authors challenge the myth of Austria as Hitlerʾs first victim and expose the post-war silence in their country regarding Austrian involvement in Nazism. They present their arguments in different ways, allowing for a comparison between the two literary approaches to dealing with the past. As both titles come from slightly different periods in the history of the victim myth, it is also possible to demonstrate the changes in Austrian literature over the years and to assess the contribution of the two novels to altering the perception of history in Austria.
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Jestl, Stefan, Mathias Moser, and Anna Katharina Raggl. "Cannot keep up with the Joneses: how relative deprivation pushes internal migration in Austria." International Journal of Social Economics 49, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2021-0181.
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PurposeUsing aggregated data at the municipality level allows the authors to assess the role of relative deprivation (RD) – a measure of income inequality – on top of absolute income in shaping internal migration in Austria.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors analyse the effect of regional income inequality on emigration rates of Austrian municipalities using a unique spatial dataset that is constructed based on Austrian administrative register data. The register-based data contain information on the municipality of residence of all individuals aged 16 and over that have their main residency in Austria, as well as their income and socio-demographic characteristics.FindingsThe authors find that increases in relative deprivation in a municipality are related to higher emigration from the municipality. Allowing for heterogeneous effects across income, education and age groups reveals that the effect is stronger among those with comparably low levels of income and among low-skilled and young individuals.Originality/valueThe unique spatially disaggregated perspective is based on novel data from Austrian administrative registers, which comprehensively capture the economic situation and geographic movements of the whole Austrian population. Most importantly, this approach allows for measuring income inequality within local communities and for a direct identification of social groups that are more sensitive to inequality.
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Krasovets, Aleksandra. "Literary Multilingualism in the Slovenian and Austrian Context / Eds.: Alenka Koron and Andrey Leben. Ljubljana. ZRC Publishing House. 2020. 324 p." Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 56, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2022-56-6-149-155.
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The scientific monograph “Literary Multilingualism in the Slovenian and Austrian Context” (2020) is a collective work of nineteen researchers from five countries. The subject of their analysis was the theoretical, methodological and contextual aspects of literary multilingualism within the framework of the concept of a “supra-regional sphere of literary interaction”. They were regarded through the prism of small, immigrant, transcultural literatures and literature of national minorities. Among them are the Slovenian minority in Austrian Carinthia and Italy, the Italian minority in Croa- tian and Slovenian Istria, as well as the literature of multilingual authors and immigrant authors in Austria and Slovenia, both in modern times, in the 19th century, and during the First World War.
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Kraus, Tanja, and Catharina Chiari. "Universal screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in Austria: what have we learned?" Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases 2, no. 3 (June 3, 2024): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/emd.2024.00049.
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Hip ultrasound, according to Graf, is a standardized sonographic method for the detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) during the neonatal period. Graf established his method during the 1980s in his home country Austria. It was implemented in the Austrian Mother-Child Health Passport in 1992. Since then it served as a general screening method. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of general hip ultrasound screening in Austria by reviewing and analysing the literature of Austrian authors. This article described how the method was further developed and which prerequisites are currently required for a correct diagnosis. Moreover, it reports about the education in ultrasound screening according to Graf in Austria.
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Weber, Wolfgang. "‘Germanness in One Country: Austria, Joerg Haider and Nationalist Legacy’." Sociological Research Online 5, no. 1 (May 2000): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.448.
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This article looks at the possible links between auto/biography and right wing nationalism. It is based on extensive archival and oral history research carried out during the 1990s. The recent shift to the right of Austrian governmental politics is examined by looking at biographical aspects of a key player of that process, the leader of the Austrian Freedom Party Joerg Haider. His current political views should be read as being embedded within the wider historical and political biography of Austria as a nation state. A life story is constructed in exchange with ones own and other people's actions. This construct is constantly in flux. This is true for authors of academic research as much as for their objects of investigation. Consequently, the authors’ experiences as an Austrian national, both at home and abroad, form a part of this study. The paper concludes by debating how auto/biographical experiences from the past become a constituting element of a person's present and future.
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Berzin, P., R. Volynets, and O. Frolova. "Atypical features of the Austrian model of criminal law protection of circulation of medical devices." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 80 (January 20, 2024): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.2.2.
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The article examines the atypicality of the Austrian model of criminal law protection of the circulation of medical products and medical devices. The authors note that the acts of foreign criminal legislation distinguish types of criminal offenses that encroach on pharmaceutical activity, which to a certain extent coincide with those provided for in the Criminal Code of Ukraine. At the same time, it is the Austrian model of protection of circulation of medical products and medical devices that most successfully, as the analysis of acts of foreign criminal legislation shows, demonstrates the legislator’s approach to the normative and legal regulation of this sphere of circulation.
The authors note that there are certain factors that influence the atypicality of the Austrian model, namely: a) the legislative definition of the concept of pharmaceutical products, since the content of this concept “legislatively outlines” the limits of criminal protection and affects the mechanism of ensuring this protection; b) determination of the limits of criminal protection of medical devices depending on the requirements of the Austrian Federal Law on Medical Devices (Bundesgesetz betreffend Medizinprodukte) dated October 28, 2021.
The article focuses on the fact that Austrian legislation provides legal protection of medical devices as a mandatory component of pharmaceutical activity despite the fact that the mentioned Austrian Federal Law on Medical Devices does not contain an independent “exhaustive definition” of the concept of medical devices, as is done, for example, in the German Medical Products Act of Austria (Gesetz uber Medizinprodukte) as amended on August 7, 2002.
The authors note that the atypicality of the Austrian “model” of criminal protection of medical devices is due to the fact that the Austrian Federal Law on Medical Devices in its § 80 contains provisions on “administrative punishment (Verwaltungsstrafe)” for violation of the established order of circulation of medical products, which (prescriptions ) affect the provision of criminal protection of medical products and its limits.
The article focuses on the characteristics of the “administrative penalty (Verwaltungsstrafe)” in the system of Austrian law, which is an independent type of measures of an administrative and legal nature.
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Vorraber, Wolfgang, Gerald Lichtenegger, Julia Brugger, Ivan Gojmerac, Maria Egly, Katrin Panzenböck, Erik Exner, Helmut Aschbacher, Markus Christian, and Siegfried Voessner. "Designing Information Systems to Facilitate Civil-Military Cooperation in Disaster Management." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2016100102.
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The efficient management of natural and man-made disasters typically represents a major information exchange and coordination challenge, as in most countries a number of organizations are involved in all phases of the disaster management cycle. In this article, the authors introduce the approach of the Austrian national project INKA, which aims at improving civil-military interoperability between the Austrian Armed Forces and the corresponding federal state level institutions through the introduction of IT-supported information exchange without media discontinuities. Apart from providing a comprehensive overview of their interdisciplinary research methodology, the authors present a number of important results which are based on a detailed qualitative assessment of stakeholder requirements. Furthermore, they provide first insights into designing a valuable IT-platform for civil-military interoperability in Austria.
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Stichmann, Elisabeth, and Dimitar Hristov. "The liquidation of Austrian private foundations." Trusts & Trustees 26, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttaa044.
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Abstract This article deals with the dissolution and liquidation processes and their corporate and tax law effects on Austrian private foundations. Corporate and tax law aspects are briefly presented and discussed, and the consequences are outlined. The article serves to provide an overview and is intended as guidance for the course of a liquidation process in Austria. The authors also reflect on their personal experiences in practice and contribute these experiences to the article.
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Fröhlich, Susanne, and Elisabeth Schöggl-Ernst. "Digital Long-Term-Preservation in Austria." Atlanti 25, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.25.1.265-274(2015).
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Long-term-preservation is a much discussed topic and a lot of institutions seem to deal with this question. But most of them are only saving digital data. The authors give a review on considerations and strategies for a longterm preservation of cultural heritage in Austria. The Austrian State Archives already have established an electronic long-term archive for the permanent storage of digital data, called “Digital Archive Austria”. The modular software is based on the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model and follows the concept of a service-oriented architecture with an interface to archival information systems. A web shop with a billing system is part of the service for the access to digital data. For reasons of cost efficiency the Austrian Federal Chancellery has purchased a general license enabling all Austrian provinces, cities, communities and other public authorities to use this archive solution without having to pay license fees all over again.
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MARTIN, GRAHAM D. C. "PECULIARITIES OF AUSTRIAN HIGH GERMAN AS REFLECTED IN WORKS BY AUSTRIAN LITERARY AUTHORS*." Forum for Modern Language Studies XXII, no. 4 (1986): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/xxii.4.323.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Authors, Austrian"
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Davidson, Elizabeth Macleod. "Women's writing in exile : three Austrian case studies, Veza Canetti, Anna Gmeyner, Lilli Korber." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:17215528-0abb-41d2-8f22-883fc185e7c9.
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Despite the recent increase in scholarship on the subject of the female experience in exile, there is still much to be done. Exile scholars now have at their disposal an abundance of broad, general overviews of the circumstances and fates of displaced women writers, but a dearth of scholarship that considers specific literary works in an individualised fashion still exists. This is especially true of those female writers who have only recently been 'rediscovered', such as the three under discussion in this thesis. This thesis explores in detail the exile writings of Veza Canetti, Anna Gmeyner, and Lili Korber, about which little scholarship exists, and uses them as case studies to illuminate the situation of exiled women writers in general The exile works of these three authors repay study both for their own literary merits and for what they can tell us about the individual experience of exile. In their broad similarities, these writers also provide us with case studies of the larger experience of authorial exile - particularly, but by no means exclusively, the gendered experience - that allow us to derive more general lessons about the influence of forced flight on literary art. By giving due consideration to work produced in exile, this thesis calls into question some of the generalisations commonly found in recent scholarship and demonstrates that, despite hardsrnps and setbacks and contrary to common scholarly contention, all three women continued to write well into their exile years and that in those years they took their writing in new, skilful, and creative directions.
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Dickel, Manfred Salten Felix. ""Ein Dilettant des Lebens will ich nicht sein" : Felix Salten zwischen Zionismus und Jungwiener Moderne /." Heidelberg : Winter, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2987243&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Peris, Steven L. "Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach's Ohne Liebe: A Translation and Commentary." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3487.
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This thesis explores a short drama of Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Without Love. It provides not only a complete English translation of the work, but also an interpretative introduction. By first examining the life of Ebner-Eschenbach, I am able to provide insight to the origins of the play. Because Ebner-Eschenbach faced so much opposition in her drama writing career this one act play becomes more relevant. It contains similar themes to her other works such as: gender roles, the role of the aristocracy, and love in marriage. Without Love examines the role of love in marriage by providing the reader with a comedic scenario in which a couple claims to marry without love. While purporting a marriage without love, there is in fact a great deal of love in the play. Love is an enabling power in the story that causes great change in the characters f lives. Ebner-Eschenbach uses love to argue against traditional romantic marriages and lay the pathway for a future where women can reject the patriarchal society and love for themselves. There is however, a distinct irony in the story because the title is after all, Without Love. I propose that love is indeed everywhere throughout the play and that Eschenbach uses this theme to push her own agenda of the modern women in aristocratic societies. Eschenbach writes in both a pre-modern and modern style and uses love to ensure the preservation of her own aristocratic class while advocating for social reform for all classes.
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Smith, Yvonne J. "Brightness under our shoes the redress of the poetic imagination in the poetry and prose of David Malouf 1960-1982 /." Connect to full text, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5139.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009.Title from title screen (viewed July 13, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of English, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2009; thesis submitted 2008. Includes appendices. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Ryan, Simon Collis. "Gerhard Roth and the Graz literary revival : the emergence of an Austrian author." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358322.
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Lindsey, Travis B. "Arthur William Upfield : a biography /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051003.113934.
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Taaffe, Benjamin James Stewart Douglas. "Douglas Stewart poet, editor, man of letters /." Connect to full text, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5765.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1996.Title from title screen (viewed December 9, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of English, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 1996; thesis submitted 1995. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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McDonell, Margaret. "The invisible hand : cross-cultural influence on editorial practice /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18021.pdf.
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Burns, Kathryn E. "This other Eden exploring a sense of place in twentieth-century reconstructions of Australian childhoods /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1691.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.Title from title screen (viewed 25 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of English, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; thesis submitted 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Frist, Clayton Robert. "Adaptation in the German-Speaking Comic Book Genre: Perspectives on the Austrian Comic Book Author Nicolas Mahler." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1433260874.
Full textBooks on the topic "Authors, Austrian"
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Fialik, Maria. Der konservative Anarchist: Thomas Bernhard und das Staats-Theater. Wien: Löcker, 1991.
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Moritz, Csáky, Moser Lottelis, and Zand Helene, eds. Hermann Bahr: Tagebücher, Skizzenbücher, Notizhefte. Wien: Böhlau, 1994.
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Hilde, Spiel. Die hellen und die finsteren Zeiten: Erinnerungen 1911-1946. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag, 1991.
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Hilde, Spiel. Die hellen und die finsteren Zeiten: Erinnerungen 1911-1914. 2nd ed. München: List, 1989.
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Hilde, Spiel. The dark and the bright: Memoirs 1911-1989. Riverside, Calif: Ariadne Press, 2007.
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Patricia, Herminghouse, ed. Fünfundsiebzig Jahre in der Alten und Neuen Welt: Memoiren eines Unbedeutenden. New York: P. Lang, 1986.
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Erhard, Buschbeck. Ersehnte Weite: "Die Dampftramway" und andere Salzburger Erinnerungen. Salzburg: Otto Müller, 2000.
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Andrew, Barker. Telegrams from the soul: Peter Altenberg and the culture of fin-de-siècle Vienna. Columbia, S.C: Camden House, 1996.
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Bernhard, Thomas. Wittgenstein's nephew: A friendship. London, England: Quartet, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Authors, Austrian"
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Bulli, Giorgia, and Sorina Crisina Soare. "La politicizzazione della questione migratoria tra vecchi e nuovi attori." In Migrazioni in Italia: oltre la sfida, 191–228. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-965-2.10.
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How do right wing populist parties politicize migration in different political, economic and social contexts? The chapter aims to provide an answer to this question by analyzing four parties: the Italian (Northern) League, the Spanish VOX, the German Alternative for Germany and the Austrian Freedom Party. Opposition to migration and negative reactions towards multicultural societies are recurrent arguments in the rhetoric of right-wing populist parties. The authors offer a multidimensional description of converging and diverging patterns of representation of migration in the four countries
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Paschinger, Elena. "Creative travellers in Austria." In Creative tourism: activating cultural resources and engaging creative travellers, 26–29. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243536.0003.
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Abstract Creative tourism has emerged as a global trend in cultural tourism, replacing the previous notion of cultural tourism as being a mostly passive, attraction- and museum-based activity. Creative travellers are actively seeking out opportunities to become engaged in the local cultural fabric of the place they visit, be it during a cultural festival, an opportunity to meet the locals through hands-on workshops, or by participating in an activity offered at formal institutions, such as cookery schools. This chapter presents insights about types of creative travellers in Austria. Given the author's background as project manager in the association Kreativ Reisen Österreich (Creative Tourism Austria), the remarks made here are observations based on 10 years of experience in managing, networking, and promoting creative tourism to both national and international travellers. This has been done in co-operation with such high-profile partners as the Austrian National Tourism Board as well as several regional destination management organizations across Austria.
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Meyer, Therese-M. "Exoticising Colonial History: British Authors’ Australian Convict Novels." In Exoticizing the Past in Contemporary Neo-Historical Fiction, 37–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137375209_3.
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Muratova, Nataša, and Anna Obererlacher. "Clemens J. Setz on Bursting the Reader’s Reality Bubble." In Truth Claims Across Media, 179–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42064-1_8.
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AbstractIn our article, we explore implications that the indistinguishability of factuality and fictionality in literary works may have on an author’s credibility and their role as an authoritative figure. We do this by looking at one question and one answer in the fictional author interview in Bot – Gespräch ohne Autor (2018) by the Austrian author Clemens J. Setz. Currently, Setz is one of the most distinguished writers in the German-speaking literary scene, known for his versatile literary work and authorial staging practices. Bot plays with the public perception of the author persona Setz and stages an imitation game, also known as the Turing Test. Thus, it affects the perception of truth claims traditionally expected in author interviews. To illustrate, we refer to theoretical approaches to forms and functions of author interviews concerning authorship in the context of the so-called culture of presence and show how Bot reveals a playful reflection on the possibilities, limits, and dangers embedded in the perceived truthfulness within the framework of fiction and authorship, particularly in Setz’s.
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Low, Remy Y. S., and Suzanne Egan. "Other People’s Ideas: An Introduction to Using Social Theory in Higher Education." In Using Social Theory in Higher Education, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39817-9_1.
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AbstractIn this introductory chapter, we explore our transformative early encounters with social theories and discuss what social theory is, the different ways it can be used in the context of higher education, and its limitations. The chapter explains how the authors in this book put social theories to work to think through issues that are emerging as key social and political concerns in a higher education context. We provide a brief overview of each chapter and present the social theorists that each author engages with, including Indigenous Australian scholar Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Māori academic Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Belgian political theorist Chantal Mouffe, Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek, British sociologist Nikolas Rose and Lebanese history of medicine scholar Joelle M Abi-Rached, and the Australian sociological theorist Raewyn Connell. Along the way, we offer some advice on how to (and how not to) think with theory.
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Uhde, Folkert, and Hans-Joachim Gögl. "16. Strategies of Proximity." In Classical Music Futures, 315–32. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0353.16.
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Since 2015, the two authors have been developing exceptional event concepts for, among others, the Montforter Zwischentöne festival, which they founded in Feldkirch, Austria, in the state of Vorarlberg. While it is clear that classical, new, improvised music and jazz invariably play a role at this festival with relatively traditional concert formats, there are moments when such forms of music are not the main focal point but support the exploration of other themes. Music may provide the impetus for dealing with a particular social or political issue, but it can also provide a resonating space for the spoken word. Such themes arise when dealing with the specific region in which the events take place and can stem from politics or regional development, touch on aspects of personal development, or address societal challenges. This chapter describes the authors‘ approaches to a new curatorial attitude in their event conception as ‘strategies of proximity‘. The authors also provide practical case studies from their work in Austria to accompany the theory offered in this text.
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Bowles, Kate. "15. Vulnerability and generosity: The good future for Australian higher education." In Higher Education for Good, 353–70. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0363.15.
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In this chapter, an Australian university tree-planting event to welcome international students is looked at as a scene with multiple possible histories and futures. The chapter asks how Australian universities became structurally dependent on international student fee revenue and were thrown into crisis when Australia’s borders were closed in 2020. During this crisis period, Australian universities continued to acknowledge in ritual ways their position on unceded (stolen) Aboriginal Country. Using ideas about generosity, vulnerability and thinking with care,the authors asks whether the provenance of Australian university real estate portfolios can be made good in any way, or whether one can rethink a sense of property and face the facts about the historic theft of land that makes tree-planting possible.
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"List of Authors." In Austrian Lives, 484–86. The University of New Orleans Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1n2txnx.29.
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"List of Authors." In Austrian Environmental History, 357–61. University of New Orleans Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjz826g.27.
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"List of Authors." In Myths in Austrian History (Contemporary Austrian Studies, vol. 29), 367–73. University of New Orleans Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1f8xc9w.30.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Authors, Austrian"
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Rohrbach, Wolfgang. "WECHSELBEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN DER UNTERGEHENDEN DONAUMONARCHIE, ÖSTERREICH UND DEM SHS-KÖNIGREICH." In 100 GODINA OD VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA. Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbvu21.353r.
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Much of the literature that emerged in the 20th century about relationships between Serbia and the Republic of Austria, is marked by emotional guilt assigning and political or nationalist influences. That is why, since the beginning of the 21st century, a group of European historians researched events in the Balkans in the first third of the 21st century. The results of this research are partly contrary to all previous theses on the completion of the First World War II and its influence on the creation of Yugoslavia. In addition to South Slavic experts, the authors of this paper also belong to this group of researchers. Our own analyzes and conclusions, as well as quotes from colleagues show how often partial information were consciously taken from archival material, from which (sometimes voluntarily), distorted overall picture were made. This article tries to, through additional source material and contemporary literature on the years 1914-2021, acts enlightening in areas where percepciones of Austrian and Serbian authors differ in most cases.
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Panović, Danijel, and Ajnur Hodžić. "CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL LEGAL – SECURITY CHALLENGES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AUSTRIA." In Tradicija, krivično i međunarodno krivično pravo. Srpsko udruženje za međunarodno krivično pravo, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tkmkp24.409p.
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Europe is today exposed to numerous security challen- ges. The permanent influx of migrant population represents a very high security challenge, which primarily threatens the European popula- tion. Strong barriers to entry into the European Union, placed at the borders of Hungary and Croatia, hinder the flow of migrants, but on the other hand, they enable various illegal and impermissible ways of crossing state borders, open opportunities for human trafficking and also contribute to additional destabilization in the depth of the terri- tory of the European Union. Who are the migrants, where do they come from and with what motives, is an essential question. How much do migrants imply in certain security risk situations in the European Union and do they abuse the difficult security situation that occurred on the Asian and African continents to place their „warriors“ on European soil to wage religiously motivated wars against the Christian population. These are fundamentally important issues facing the European Union today and they are the most important security risks. For the purposes of the research presented in this paper, a security assessment was made in one European country, Austria, in a given time frame and in a location that is considered the most critical in terms of the overall security of the local population. Taking into account that Austria is a good benchmark and indicator of the situation in the whole of Europe, because since the beginning of the migrant processes, it has received a large number of migrant populations from all over the world and provided them with a good shelter. Austria can rightfully be classified in the category of more regula- ted European countries, both in terms of the standard of living of citi- zens, in terms of the social rights of citizens, and in terms of the degree of protection of human and civil rights. However, Austria is facing serious problems of a security nature, which is significantly contribu- ted by precisely that migrant population, which successfully reaches Austrian cities. The picture that can be seen in Austria today is deva- stating from the security point of view, because whole gangs, mostly made up of migrants from Asia and partly from Africa, dominate bus and train stations, streets and entire neighborhoods. The Austrian po- pulation often feels unsafe, and when observing the field, from direct contacts with the local population, the authors of the paper learned that some residents of neighborhoods experienced concrete physical attacks from migrant criminal structures
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Andrew, Colin J. "The Sedmochislenitsi Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag deposit, NW Bulgaria: could it be Irish-type? A review of the evidence." In Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/moxi6363.
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Sedmochislenitsi is a stratiform-stratabound Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag deposit hosted in Triassic carbonates in the NW of Bulgaria. The deposits have been compared to the Alpine-type Zn-Pb deposits of Raibl, Salafossa, Mezica-Topla and Bleiberg-Kreuth located in the area of the Italian, Slovenian, Austrian border however Sedmochislenitsi differs significantly from these deposits in the fact that it contains a et al body of copper mineralization comprised of chalcopyrite, bornite and tennantite with significant amounts of silver sulphosalts and native silver. Historically many authors have attributed the deposit to being of MVT-affinity whilst others have hinted at the deposits of being SEDEX-type. However, to date, despite some convincing analogies with some of the deposits in the Irish Midlands nobody as yet, has discussed the possibility of them being an Irish-type Zn-Pb deposit. This paper evaluates the evidence.
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Horta, Nicole, Rui Dias, and Mariana Chambino. "Efficiency and Long-Term Correlation in Central and Eastern European Stock Indexes: An Approach in the Context of Extreme Events in 2020 and 2022." In Eighth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2022.23.
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The analysis of the behaviour of capital markets remains a very interesting issue as it can give investors information about where to invest their money. Given the importance of measuring autocorrelation in financial markets, this paper aims to analyse the predictability of capital markets, namely Austria (Austrian Traded), Budapest (BUX), Bulgaria (SE SOFIX), Croatia (CROBEX), Russia (MOEX), Czech Republic (PragueSE PX), Romania (BET), Slovakia (SAX 16), and Slovenia (SBI TOP), for the period from January 1st, 2020, to May 6th, 2022. To conduct this analysis and obtain more robust results we partitioned the sample into three sub-periods: 1st wave of Covid (January 2020 to December 2020), 2nd wave of Covid (January 2021 to December 2021), and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 (January 2022 to May 2022). The results of the Lagrange Multiplier test (ARCH-LM test), show that the residuals of the autoregressive processes of the capital markets under analysis exhibit conditional heteroscedasticity. Furthermore, the BDS test findings indicate the presence of non-linear components, implying that the hypothesis that the returns are independent and identically distributed is rejected, with a statistical significance of 1%, from dimension 2 onwards. Overall, the DFA exponents show that the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 had a different impact on the predictability of these regional markets indicating that markets were predictable and showed pronounced long memories during the first wave of Covid-19, while markets mostly tended towards equilibrium during the last sub-period of 2022. The authors believe that this research is crucial for policymakers and investors in Central and Eastern Europe capital markets in terms of regional development initiatives and portfolio diversification strategies.
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Pechtl, Peter, Christian Scheinecker, and Josef Petek. "Enhancing Prediction Accuracy in the Evaluation of Power Plant Uprates Utilizing a Novel ‘Big Data’ Approach." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7407.
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The evaluation of power plant uprates has traditionally been based on the definition of several ‘typical’ operating modes based on historical data and a — more or less detailed — model of the plant that is compared in current configuration against the same base model including the modifications under consideration. For the economic assessment of the uprate, annual operating hours are allocated to the operating points, and fuel savings and/or additional output predicted by the model due to the modifications are evaluated against the expected investment cost. In this study, the authors demonstrate that this classic approach contains risks in several aspects, in particular: • the representativeness of the ‘typical’ operating modes, • the accuracy of the model, and • the correctness of the assumptions in the allocation of operating hours. Utilizing the example of an actual uprate of a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) in a large utility plant of an Austrian steel company, a new approach for an evaluation based on ‘big data’ is presented that uses a full year of operational data in hourly granularity for both, the verification of the accuracy of the plant model, and the evaluation of the effect of the uprate. The authors also provide details of the underlying technologies that allow for both, excellent match of operational data with a fully-fledged heat balance software and fast evaluation of tens of thousands of calculation cases.
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Кукушкина, И. А. "Austria 1918–1920: From Empire to Federation." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.031.
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В статье анализируется становление австрийского федеративного государства в 1918–1920 гг. В течение этого времени Австрия прошла путь от классической империи с монархической формой правления к федеративной республике. Государство возникло на части территории Австро-Венгрии в результате ее распада осенью 1918 г., причиной которого стал рост национально-освободительных движений населявших ее народов. Становление австрийского государства происходило двумя путями: «сверху», через взаимодействие политических партий, и «снизу», благодаря инициативе земель. Законами от 30.10 и 12.11.1918 провозглашалось создание республики Немецкая Австрия как части немецкого государства. В 1920 г. была принята демократическая конституция, закрепившая федеративное государственное устройство. Поскольку принятию Конституции предшествовали переговоры между представителями политических партий и земель, ее можно характеризовать как договор. Важнейшим источником австрийской конституции стал Сен-Жерменский мирный договор, которым утверждалась независимость Австрии. В соответствии с ним государство стало называться «Республика Австрия». Автор приходит к выводу об успешности создания австрийского федеративного государства в годы Первой республики. Федерализм как принцип государственного устройства предотвратил дезинтеграцию собственно австрийских земель и заложил основы государственности Австрии. Одновременно он способствовал развитию самостоятельности, инициативы и культурного многообразия австрийских земель. Социал-демократы, придя к власти в Вене, получили возможности проведения там социальных реформ «Красной Вены». The article analyzes the formation of the Austrian federal state in 1918-1920. During this time, Austria went from a classical empire with a monarchical form of government to a federal republic. The state was created on a part of the territory of Austria-Hungary, which disintegrated in the autumn of 1918, due to the growth of national liberation movements of the peoples dwelling in the empire. The formation of the Austrian state took place in two ways: through the interaction of political parties, and thanks to the initiative of the lands (Länder). The acts of 30.10 and 12.11.1918 proclaimed the foundation of the republic of German Austria as part of the German state. In 1920 a democratic constitution was adopted, which created the Austrian Federation. The Constitution can be characterized as a contract, because its adoption was preceded by negotiations between representatives of political parties and lands. An important source of the Austrian constitution was the Saint-Germain Peace Treaty, which consolidated the independence of Austria. In accordance with it, the state became known as the "Republic of Austria". The author comes to the conclusion about the success of the creation of the Austrian federation in the years of the First Republic. Federalism as a principle of state structure prevented the disintegration of the Austrian lands and laid the foundations of Austrian statehood. At the same time, it promoted the development of autonomy, initiative and cultural diversity of the Austrian lands. The Social Democrats who came to power in Vienna were given the opportunity to carry out social reforms of the "Red Vienna" there.
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Šimunović, Lidija, and Tena Konjević. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIRECTIVE 2019/1023 IN THE CROATIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: A NEW TREND OF RESTRUCTURING IN THE CROATIAN INSOLVENCY LAW OR ANOTHER MISSED OPPORTUNITY?" In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22415.
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Saving companies as early as possible and providing new opportunities to faltering entrepreneurs has become one of the main priorities of the EU policy. Following the example of American legislation, the EU Commission has recognized the importance of acknowledging the difficulties in doing business and, through the Directive 2019/1023, created a legal basis for harmonized restructuring tools in EU member state. The aim of the Directive is to enable encouragement, reorganization and creation of new opportunities to faltering entrepreneurs. Although the aim of the Directive 2019/1023 is well thought out, its adoption has not been followed by smooth implementation. Many EU Member States used the possibility of extending the implementation deadline and have implemented the Directive 2019/1023, so to speak, at the last minute. One of such countries is the Republic of Croatia, which, with the latest amendments to the Bankruptcy Act from March 2022, passed a series of provisions implementing the goals and solutions from the Directive 2019/1023. This article opens with an analysis of the circumstances that led to the adoption of the Directive 2019/1023 and gives an overview of its objectives and provisions. In addition, the article addresses the short overview of the implementation solutions developed in Austrian and German law, which are role models for Croatian bankruptcy law. The central part of the paper provides a critical analysis of the amended provisions of the Croatian Bankruptcy Act, which implements the Directive 2019/1023 into the Croatian legal system. The authors warn of possible challenges in the enforcement of the objectives of the Directive through the prism of the amended rules of the Bankruptcy Act.
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Bejko, Ethem, Rrapo Ormeni, Bledar Sina, Eduart Blloshmi, and Dionald Mucaj. "MONITORING OF TECTONIC MOVEMENTS IN THE ADRIATIC REGION THROUGH NATIONAL PERMANENT SATELLITE NETWORKS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/2.1/s09.30.
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The purpose of this study is the analysis of the dynamics of tectonic movements accompanied by two strong seismic events that occurred in the Durres area (Albania) in September-November 2019, through the use of GNSS technology, applied to national permanent satellite geodetic networks. Previous studies have been carried out on our study area by foreign authors from Croatia, Greece, and Italy. For our study case, we relied on geodetic weekly data secured from the Bulletins of Italian and Austrian stations, BSW52, of some of the constituent points of the two national permanent satellite networks of Italy (5 points) and Albania (6 points), located on both sides of the dividing line between the Eurasian tectonic plate and the Adriatic microplate. The analysis of the data secured in 7 campaigns was carried out by grouping them into 3 main analysis periods: the period before the September earthquake (F1-F4, called A), the period during the earthquakes (F4-F5, called B), and the period after the November earthquake (F5-F7, called C). It turns out that in plan the speed of movement in the area is: -0.00294m/year for period (A), -0.01912m/year for period (B), and -0.00305m/year for period (C). While in height, the speeds of movement are: 0.00130m/year for period (A), -0.04268m/year for period (B), and 0.00273m/year for period (C). These vectors also show us that the intensity T between period (B) and the average periods (A, C) is about 17 times in plan and 42 times in height. Combined this analysis with data that includes strong consecutive seismic events in the area, we believe that this intensity T can lead us to the most accurate predictability of the moment of the occurrence of the next tectonic energy release, thus of the next earthquake.
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"Author Index." In 2015 Austrian Workshop on Microelectronics (Austrochip). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/austrochip.2015.9.
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"Author index." In 2014 Austrian Workshop on Microelectronics (Austrochip). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/austrochip.2014.6946326.
Full textReports on the topic "Authors, Austrian"
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Pit, Sabrina, Louise Horstmanshof, Anne Moehead, Oliver Hayes, Valerie Schache, and Lynne Parkinson. Workforce education and training standards frameworks for dementia. The Sax Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/rxeu9590.
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This Evidence Check review, commissioned by Dementia Training Australia, aimed to identify existing education and training standards frameworks that may be used to support development of a national standards framework for education and training of the dementia workforce in Australia. The report identified thirteen frameworks and key elements which would be relevant and useful to development and implementation of a framework in the Australian context. Three frameworks (from Northern Ireland, the UK and Scotland) were identified for use as a starting point and as most adaptable to the Australian context. Based on analysis of the various frameworks the authors make a series of recommendations for an Australian framework and identify gaps to be addressed.
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Moore, Gai, Anton du Toit, Jillian Hutchinson, Susie Thompson, Rebecca Gordon, Alice Knight, E. Graham, and Donna Davenport. The effectiveness of comprehensive health assessments for people with disability. The Sax Institute, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/zjtf4123.
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This Evidence Snapshot, commissioned by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, summarises the evidence for the effectiveness of comprehensive health assessments for people with disability. Eight high level peer reviewed studies found comprehensive health assessments to be effective in one or more outcome of interest, including identifying new health needs, managing existing needs, and providing health promotion or preventive care. Most were conducted in primary care. In addition to examining peer reviewed studies and grey literature the authors searched over 90 national and international government and non-government agency web sites, identifying nine evaluated instruments. The Snapshot is one of three rapid reviews funded by the NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission examining effective strategies to improve the health of people with disabilities.
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Williams, Michael, Marcial Lamera, Aleksander Bauranov, Carole Voulgaris, and Anurag Pande. Safety Considerations for All Road Users on Edge Lane Roads. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1925.
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Edge lane roads (ELRs), also known as advisory bike lanes or advisory shoulders, are a type of shared street where two-way motor vehicle (MV) traffic shares a single center lane, and edge lanes on either side are preferentially reserved for vulnerable road users (VRUs). This work comprises a literature review, an investigation of ELRs’ operational characteristics and potential road user interactions via simulation, and a study of crash data from existing American and Australian ELRs. The simulation evaluated the impact of various factors (e.g., speed, volume, directional split, etc.) on ELR operation. Results lay the foundation for a siting criterion. Current American siting guidance relies only upon daily traffic volume and speed—an approach that inaccurately models an ELR’s safety. To evaluate the safety of existing ELRs, crash data were collected from ELR installations in the US and Australia. For US installations, Empirical Bayes (EB) analysis resulted in an aggregate CMF of .56 for 11 installations observed over 8 years while serving more than 60 million vehicle trips. The data from the Australian State of Queensland involved rural one-lane, low-volume, higher-speed roads, functionally equivalent to ELRs. As motor vehicle volume grows, these roads are widened to two-lane facilities. While the authors observed low mean crash rates on the one-lane roads, analysis of recently converted (from one-lane to two-lane) facilities showed that several experienced fewer crashes than expected after conversion to two-lane roads.
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Kholoshyn, I., T. Nazarenko, O. Bondarenko, O. Hanchuk, and I. Varfolomyeyeva. The application of geographic information systems in schools around the world: a retrospective analysis. IOP Publishing, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4560.
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The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70 s – early 90s of the 20th century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Тетяна Геннадіївна Назаренко, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, and Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва. The Application of Geographic Information Systems in Schools around the World: a Retrospective Analysis. КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3924.
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The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70s – early 90s of the XX century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Тетяна Геннадіївна Назаренко, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, and Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва. The Application of Geographic Information Systems in Schools around the World: a Retrospective Analysis. КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3924.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70s – early 90s of the XX century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Radcliffe, Joel, Friederike Gadow, Hannah Leary, and Rory Kelly. Doing Consent Differently: A University Practitioners’ Reflection on Delivering Large-Scale Respect and Consent Education. Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Student Services Association, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30688/janzssa.2024-1-05.
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Sexual assault and sexual harassment (SASH) remain pressing issues on university campuses, making it imperative for higher education institutions to develop prevention strategies. Within this context, education plays a pivotal role in addressing the underlying factors contributing to SASH, while also providing crucial information about care and support pathways for survivors. This paper, authored by practitioners from the Australian National University’s (ANU) Respectful Relationships Unit (RRU), reflects on the conceptualisation, implementation, and evaluation of a large-scale respect and consent education program. Tailored to ANU's context, the program utilised a multi-modal approach including an online module, face-to-face workshops, and residential hall pilots. Challenges, such as engagement and sustainability, were addressed through collaborative partnerships and continuous improvement efforts. Evaluation, conducted in collaboration with social scientists from the ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods (CSRM), provided insights for refinement and future directions. ANU's ongoing commitment to community engagement, innovation, equity, and evaluation underscores its dedication to fostering safer and more inclusive campus environments. Through collaboration and a shared commitment to prevention, ANU aims to make meaningful progress towards a campus free of sexual harm.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.