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Journal articles on the topic 'Authors, Austrian'
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1
Potrząsaj, Dominik. "Die „Nestbeschmutzer“ gegen den österreichischen Opfermythos: Die Wolfshaut von Hans Lebert und Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall von Thomas Bernhard im Vergleich." Acta Philologica, no. 61 (2023) (December 29, 2023): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/acta.61.2023.8.
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The article aims to explore the phenomenon of the “Nestbeschmutzer” in the context of Austrian victim theory. The term was coined in post-war Austria to describe authors who, in defiance of politicians and society, called for a reckoning with the country’s Nazi past. Two literary works are representative of this theme, Hans Lebertʾs Die Wolfshaut (‘The Wolfskin’) and Thomas Bernhardʾs Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall (Extinction), were selected for analysis. Both authors challenge the myth of Austria as Hitlerʾs first victim and expose the post-war silence in their country regarding Austrian involvement in Nazism. They present their arguments in different ways, allowing for a comparison between the two literary approaches to dealing with the past. As both titles come from slightly different periods in the history of the victim myth, it is also possible to demonstrate the changes in Austrian literature over the years and to assess the contribution of the two novels to altering the perception of history in Austria.
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Jestl, Stefan, Mathias Moser, and Anna Katharina Raggl. "Cannot keep up with the Joneses: how relative deprivation pushes internal migration in Austria." International Journal of Social Economics 49, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2021-0181.
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PurposeUsing aggregated data at the municipality level allows the authors to assess the role of relative deprivation (RD) – a measure of income inequality – on top of absolute income in shaping internal migration in Austria.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors analyse the effect of regional income inequality on emigration rates of Austrian municipalities using a unique spatial dataset that is constructed based on Austrian administrative register data. The register-based data contain information on the municipality of residence of all individuals aged 16 and over that have their main residency in Austria, as well as their income and socio-demographic characteristics.FindingsThe authors find that increases in relative deprivation in a municipality are related to higher emigration from the municipality. Allowing for heterogeneous effects across income, education and age groups reveals that the effect is stronger among those with comparably low levels of income and among low-skilled and young individuals.Originality/valueThe unique spatially disaggregated perspective is based on novel data from Austrian administrative registers, which comprehensively capture the economic situation and geographic movements of the whole Austrian population. Most importantly, this approach allows for measuring income inequality within local communities and for a direct identification of social groups that are more sensitive to inequality.
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Krasovets, Aleksandra. "Literary Multilingualism in the Slovenian and Austrian Context / Eds.: Alenka Koron and Andrey Leben. Ljubljana. ZRC Publishing House. 2020. 324 p." Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 56, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2022-56-6-149-155.
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The scientific monograph “Literary Multilingualism in the Slovenian and Austrian Context” (2020) is a collective work of nineteen researchers from five countries. The subject of their analysis was the theoretical, methodological and contextual aspects of literary multilingualism within the framework of the concept of a “supra-regional sphere of literary interaction”. They were regarded through the prism of small, immigrant, transcultural literatures and literature of national minorities. Among them are the Slovenian minority in Austrian Carinthia and Italy, the Italian minority in Croa- tian and Slovenian Istria, as well as the literature of multilingual authors and immigrant authors in Austria and Slovenia, both in modern times, in the 19th century, and during the First World War.
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Kraus, Tanja, and Catharina Chiari. "Universal screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in Austria: what have we learned?" Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases 2, no. 3 (June 3, 2024): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/emd.2024.00049.
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Hip ultrasound, according to Graf, is a standardized sonographic method for the detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) during the neonatal period. Graf established his method during the 1980s in his home country Austria. It was implemented in the Austrian Mother-Child Health Passport in 1992. Since then it served as a general screening method. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of general hip ultrasound screening in Austria by reviewing and analysing the literature of Austrian authors. This article described how the method was further developed and which prerequisites are currently required for a correct diagnosis. Moreover, it reports about the education in ultrasound screening according to Graf in Austria.
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Weber, Wolfgang. "‘Germanness in One Country: Austria, Joerg Haider and Nationalist Legacy’." Sociological Research Online 5, no. 1 (May 2000): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.448.
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This article looks at the possible links between auto/biography and right wing nationalism. It is based on extensive archival and oral history research carried out during the 1990s. The recent shift to the right of Austrian governmental politics is examined by looking at biographical aspects of a key player of that process, the leader of the Austrian Freedom Party Joerg Haider. His current political views should be read as being embedded within the wider historical and political biography of Austria as a nation state. A life story is constructed in exchange with ones own and other people's actions. This construct is constantly in flux. This is true for authors of academic research as much as for their objects of investigation. Consequently, the authors’ experiences as an Austrian national, both at home and abroad, form a part of this study. The paper concludes by debating how auto/biographical experiences from the past become a constituting element of a person's present and future.
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Berzin, P., R. Volynets, and O. Frolova. "Atypical features of the Austrian model of criminal law protection of circulation of medical devices." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 80 (January 20, 2024): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.2.2.
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The article examines the atypicality of the Austrian model of criminal law protection of the circulation of medical products and medical devices. The authors note that the acts of foreign criminal legislation distinguish types of criminal offenses that encroach on pharmaceutical activity, which to a certain extent coincide with those provided for in the Criminal Code of Ukraine. At the same time, it is the Austrian model of protection of circulation of medical products and medical devices that most successfully, as the analysis of acts of foreign criminal legislation shows, demonstrates the legislator’s approach to the normative and legal regulation of this sphere of circulation.
The authors note that there are certain factors that influence the atypicality of the Austrian model, namely: a) the legislative definition of the concept of pharmaceutical products, since the content of this concept “legislatively outlines” the limits of criminal protection and affects the mechanism of ensuring this protection; b) determination of the limits of criminal protection of medical devices depending on the requirements of the Austrian Federal Law on Medical Devices (Bundesgesetz betreffend Medizinprodukte) dated October 28, 2021.
The article focuses on the fact that Austrian legislation provides legal protection of medical devices as a mandatory component of pharmaceutical activity despite the fact that the mentioned Austrian Federal Law on Medical Devices does not contain an independent “exhaustive definition” of the concept of medical devices, as is done, for example, in the German Medical Products Act of Austria (Gesetz uber Medizinprodukte) as amended on August 7, 2002.
The authors note that the atypicality of the Austrian “model” of criminal protection of medical devices is due to the fact that the Austrian Federal Law on Medical Devices in its § 80 contains provisions on “administrative punishment (Verwaltungsstrafe)” for violation of the established order of circulation of medical products, which (prescriptions ) affect the provision of criminal protection of medical products and its limits.
The article focuses on the characteristics of the “administrative penalty (Verwaltungsstrafe)” in the system of Austrian law, which is an independent type of measures of an administrative and legal nature.
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Vorraber, Wolfgang, Gerald Lichtenegger, Julia Brugger, Ivan Gojmerac, Maria Egly, Katrin Panzenböck, Erik Exner, Helmut Aschbacher, Markus Christian, and Siegfried Voessner. "Designing Information Systems to Facilitate Civil-Military Cooperation in Disaster Management." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2016100102.
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The efficient management of natural and man-made disasters typically represents a major information exchange and coordination challenge, as in most countries a number of organizations are involved in all phases of the disaster management cycle. In this article, the authors introduce the approach of the Austrian national project INKA, which aims at improving civil-military interoperability between the Austrian Armed Forces and the corresponding federal state level institutions through the introduction of IT-supported information exchange without media discontinuities. Apart from providing a comprehensive overview of their interdisciplinary research methodology, the authors present a number of important results which are based on a detailed qualitative assessment of stakeholder requirements. Furthermore, they provide first insights into designing a valuable IT-platform for civil-military interoperability in Austria.
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Stichmann, Elisabeth, and Dimitar Hristov. "The liquidation of Austrian private foundations." Trusts & Trustees 26, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttaa044.
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Abstract This article deals with the dissolution and liquidation processes and their corporate and tax law effects on Austrian private foundations. Corporate and tax law aspects are briefly presented and discussed, and the consequences are outlined. The article serves to provide an overview and is intended as guidance for the course of a liquidation process in Austria. The authors also reflect on their personal experiences in practice and contribute these experiences to the article.
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Fröhlich, Susanne, and Elisabeth Schöggl-Ernst. "Digital Long-Term-Preservation in Austria." Atlanti 25, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.25.1.265-274(2015).
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Long-term-preservation is a much discussed topic and a lot of institutions seem to deal with this question. But most of them are only saving digital data. The authors give a review on considerations and strategies for a longterm preservation of cultural heritage in Austria. The Austrian State Archives already have established an electronic long-term archive for the permanent storage of digital data, called “Digital Archive Austria”. The modular software is based on the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model and follows the concept of a service-oriented architecture with an interface to archival information systems. A web shop with a billing system is part of the service for the access to digital data. For reasons of cost efficiency the Austrian Federal Chancellery has purchased a general license enabling all Austrian provinces, cities, communities and other public authorities to use this archive solution without having to pay license fees all over again.
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MARTIN, GRAHAM D. C. "PECULIARITIES OF AUSTRIAN HIGH GERMAN AS REFLECTED IN WORKS BY AUSTRIAN LITERARY AUTHORS*." Forum for Modern Language Studies XXII, no. 4 (1986): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/xxii.4.323.
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Doll, Jürgen. "Rückzug in die „Bücher von gestern“." Austriaca 82, no. 1 (2016): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/austr.2016.5068.
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Returning to the “Books of Yesterday”. Jean Améry’s nostalgic look at the Austrian literature of the turn of the century and the First Republic. Jean Améry, who had been driven out from Austria as a Jew in 1938, and later deported to Auschwitz, had to witness how much Austrian politics, the judicial system, the population as a whole after the war struggled to repress or at least to minimize Austrian co-responsibility in the Nazi crimes. Even though he was in some way still attached to his lost homeland, he felt only disgust for his contemporary Austria. To this avid reader turning to the literature of the period before the disaster became the only solution – the literature from the turn of the century and the First Republic, which for him represented the apogee of Austrian literature. From reading authors such as Schnitzler, Karl Kraus, Musil or Joseph Roth he could regain his youth and a bit of his lost love for his own country. At the same time they offered him the opportunity to trace the peculiarity of Austrian literature. This he believes he finds in “morbus austriacus”, this predilection for melancholy, death, and decline that to a lesser or greater extent characterizes the works of all significant Austrian writers. Even though he considered contemporary literature in general in a rather negative light, he still makes an exception for Ingeborg Bachmann and Thomas Bernhard, who seduced him by their Austrian tone that seemed so familiar to him, by including them in the tradition of “morbus austriacus”, a disease in which the death instinct is dominant, the Eros however not quite extinguished.
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Bokwa, Krzysztof, and Iwo Jarosz. "Prätorischer Vergleich and municipal mediation offices – the historic development of alternative dispute resolution schemes in Austria and what they mean for contemporary legislators?" Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 44, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2021.2.3.
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The text aims to highlight certain alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods existing in Austrian civil law since the 19th Century. Austrian law and legal tradition, closely linked to its Polish counterparts, serve as sources of inspiration for Polish scholars and legislators. Nowadays, possibly more than ever, the heavy caseload of modern courts combined with evidentiary and procedural burdens call for the increased importance of ADR. The EU actively promotes the development of ADR. Therefore, the evolution of the approach to out of court dispute resolution methods in Austria is depicted against a widely understood historical background, in connection with the German legal tradition. Furthermore, the text describes this evolution as related with the deep political changes in Austria (Constitution of 1867) and the enactment of a modern civil procedure code in 1895. The authors concentrate on two institutions: municipal mediation offices (Gemeindevermittlungsämter) and the special pre-court settlement before the District Court (prätorischer Vergleich), comparing the latter with the Polish regulation of court conciliation proceedings. This analysis leads to certain conclusions regarding the inspiration that the Austrian legislation may serve as in future.
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Moretti, Luca, Martin Mayerl, Samuel Muehlemann, Peter Schlögl, and Stefan C. Wolter. "So similar and yet so different." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-08-2018-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare a firm’s net cost and post-apprenticeship benefits of providing apprenticeship training in Austria and Switzerland: two countries with many similarities but some critical institutional differences. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw on detailed workplace data with information on the costs and benefits of apprenticeship training, as well as on hiring costs for skilled workers from the external labour market. The authors use nearest-neighbour matching models to compare Austrian firms with similar Swiss firms based on observable characteristics. Findings On average, a Swiss firm generates an annual net benefit of €3,400 from training an apprentice, whereas a firm in Austria incurs net costs of €4,200. The impetus for this difference is largely a higher relative apprentice pay in Austria. However, compared with Swiss firms, Austrian firms generate a higher post-training return by retaining a higher share of apprentices and savings on future hiring costs. Practical implications The authors demonstrate that apprenticeship systems can exist under different institutional environments. For countries currently in the process of establishing or expanding apprenticeship systems, the comparative analysis clearly shows that policymakers should consider more than just one country’s particular apprenticeship model. Originality/value The authors provide a first comparative analysis between two apprenticeship countries that empirically assesses a firm’s costs and benefits of training during an apprenticeship programme and also provides a monetary value of a particular type of post-training benefits that firms can generate by retaining former apprentices as skilled workers (i.e. savings in future hiring costs for skilled workers).
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Strelko, Oleh, and Oksana Pylypchuk. "Characteristics of unpaved roads in the late 18th century – early 19th century, and the design of the first wooden trackway as a forerunner to the Bukovyna railways." History of science and technology 11, no. 2 (December 12, 2021): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-2-437-452.
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In the history of Bukovinian social life in the 1840–1850s, an important role is played by the fierce struggle for the introduction of rail transport. This struggle took place in the deepening crisis of the feudal system and the development of capitalism in the Austrian Empire. Primitive medieval methods of transporting goods and passengers by waterways and unpaved roads, which for centuries met the needs of feudal Bukovyna, became a brake on the economic, social and political progress of the Bukovyna region. The beginning of the transport revolution in England had a huge public response in Austria-Hungary. The rapidly developing relationship between scientists and engineers from Austria, Western Europe and America in this period made a large contribution to the process, as the newest means of transportation were spreading in the early 19th century, first of all, in the industrialized regions of Europe. These regions had enough funds for the construction of roads because they could develop different methods of production. Today we are mostly interested in the projects of construction of typical means of transportation on agricultural lands with practically no industry. In the early 19th century, Bukovyna was one of them. The purpose of this article is to thoroughly analyze unpaved roads of the late 18th – early 19th century, as well as the project of the first wooden trackway as the forerunner of the Bukovyna railways. To achieve this purpose, the authors first reviewed how railways were constructed in the Austrian Empire during 1830s – 1850s. Then, in contrast with the first railway networks that emerged and developed in the Austrian Empire, the authors made an analysis of the condition and characteristics of unpaved roads in Bukovyna. The government's attention to Bukovyna's roads was explained by their military, economic and political significance for the Austrian Empire by the end of the 18th – early 19th century. There was a number of state trackways built on the territory of Bukovyna which crossed the region and ensured the military interconnection of two Austrian provinces named – Galicia and Transylvania, as well as approached the borders of the Russian Empire and the Danube principalities. At the same time, they helped to restore the suspended trade flow in Bukovyna. In addition, the authors considered the first attempt to create a wooden trackway as a prototype and predecessor of the Bukovyna railway. It is evident that such an idea played a significant role in shaping the development strategy of the region in the minds of Austrian and Bukovinian officials, and became a forerunner for main and regional railways in Bukovyna.
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Davidson, Laura, and Walter E. Block. "A critique of definitions in economics from an Austrian perspective: macroeconomics." Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences 32, no. 1 (May 16, 2016): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeas-08-2015-0028.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify definitions in economics. Design/methodology/approach – To apply the insights of Austrian economics to terms widely used in the profession. Findings – The authors find that the Austrian approach brings clarification to communication. Originality/value – The authors know of no other such attempt. Therefore this paper presumably has some originality.
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Marhold, Franz, and Christoph Paul Ludvik. "Thoughts about indexing family benefits: Are authorities permitted to apply the Austrian indexation of family benefits? The primacy of EU law and the right/obligation to request a ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union." European Journal of Social Security 22, no. 3 (September 2020): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262720952634.
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Austria amended legislation, adjusting family benefits such as the family allowance and the deductible family allowance amount to the (lower) price level indices for consumer goods and services (indexation) of the State of residence of the child. This case is not a unique case. In the European Union, similar endeavours were envisaged in several Member States. The Austrian legislation, however, is now being challenged before the CJEU. In the authors’ opinion, this unsuitable cost-saving budget measure contradicts Union law. Consequently, the provisions concerned must remain unapplied. After all, since the Austrian legislation is obviously incompatible with primary Union law, authorities or courts are not even required to refer the matter to the CJEU.
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Barbieri, V., E. Schmid, H. Ulmer, and K. P. Pfeiffer. "Health Care Supply for Cataract in Austrian Public and Private Hospitals." European Journal of Ophthalmology 17, no. 4 (July 2007): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210701700413.
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Purpose This study aims to explain spatial variability or cataract and cataract surgery in Austria. The effect of the availability of health care services on spatial variation is investigated. Methods A retrospective study, using routine hospital data from all Austrian public and private hospitals. Calculation of age- and gender-standardized hospitalization ratios (SHR) for all 121 Austrian districts. Poisson regression for age-specific relative risks was performed. Results The authors found high regional variability between districts and significant differences in the hospitalization rates of cataract disease and extraction between men and women. There was a significant correlation between standardized hospitalization ratios for districts and the availability of hospitals with departments of ophthalmology. There was a significant difference in length of stay for patients with cataract surgery between public and private hospitals. Conclusions Use of routine hospital data in geographic analysis allows large regional studies on health care supply for cataract surgery. Differences in the supply by hospitals between districts depend on the availability of hospitals with departments of ophthalmology. The overall demand for cataract surgery in Austria finds its proper supply in many Austrian regions, but needs further development.
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Finney, Gail. "Performing Vienna: Theatricality in Jelinek's 'Burgtheater' and Bernhard's 'Heldenplatz'." German Politics and Society 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503005780889110.
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Where better to begin talking about Viennese identity in the late twentieth century than in the work of Elfriede Jelinek and Thomas Bernhard—specifically, in two plays whose titles immediately evoke the city as well as pregnant moments in its history: Jelinek's Burgtheater (published 1982; premiered 1985 in Bonn) and Bernhard's Heldenplatz (premiered 1988 in Vienna's Burgtheater). Insofar as the two plays dramatize the extent to which National Socialism took hold and persisted in Austria, they epitomize both authors' perennial roles as keen observers and harsh critics of Austrian society. Burgtheater and the scandal it generated established Jelinek's function as "Nestbeschmutzerin," whereas Heldenplatz, appearing the year before Bernhard's death, can be regarded as the capstone of his career as a critic of Austrian mores and politics.
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Berzin, Pavlo, Ruslan Volynets, and Olena Frolova. "The Austrian «Atypical model» of criminal protection of the circulation of medical devices." Visegrad Journal on Human Rights, no. 4 (December 26, 2023): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2023.4.4.
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The Austrian model of criminal protection of the circulation of medical devices is considered. The authors note that atypicality of the Austrian “model” of criminal law protection of circulation of medical devices is due to several factors.
It is analyzed that the main ones are those related to: a) the legislative definition of the concept of pharmaceutical products, since the content of this concept “legislatively outlines” the limits of criminal protection and affects the mechanism of ensuring this protection; b) determination of the limits of criminal protection of medical devices depending on the requirements of the Austrian Federal Law on Medical Devices.
The authors note that the atypicality of the Austrian “model” of criminal protection of medical devices is influenced primarily by the absence of a legislative definition of the concept of “medical devices”, as well as the “negative sign” of the corresponding types of administrative offenses, indicated in the sanction of part 1 § 80 of the Austrian Federal Law on Medical Devices (2021).
The authors also focus their attention on the fact that the atypicality of the Austrian “model” of criminal protection of medical devices is also due to the fact that the aforementioned Federal Law on Medical Devices in its § 80 contains provisions on “administrative punishment (Verwaltungsstrafe)” for violations of the established procedure for the circulation of medical devices, which affect the provision criminal law protection of medical devices and its limits.
It is proven that the specified “negative sign” directly affects the definition of offenses of those specific types, which are provided for in the Austrian Code of Criminal Procedure and encroach on the circulation of medical devices. The peculiarities of such limits under Austrian criminal law should be connected primarily with the fact that the specified “negative feature” is fixed in the sanction of part 1 § 80 of the Austrian Federal Law on Medical Devices (2021), “does not eliminate” the formation of relevant signs of acts and illegality as mandatory structural elements of criminal offenses of certain types.
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Healy, Maureen. "Europe on the Sava: Austrian Encounters with “Turks” in Bosnia." Austrian History Yearbook 51 (March 19, 2020): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237820000090.
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AbstractThis article examines Austrian perceptions of the people and landscape of Bosnia-Herzegovina from 1878 to 1908. It traces Austrians’ fantasies about and encounters with Bosnian Muslims, whom they often categorized as “Turks.” Following the Congress of Berlin, Austrians claimed to be doing the civilizing work of “Europe” in Bosnia. The article investigates the meanings of border and borderlands between the Habsburg Empire and Ottoman Bosnia, focusing in particular on crossings of the Sava River. Drawing on the writings of soldiers, administrators, journalists and travel writers, the essay considers a number of mental maps, imagined geographies of what Habsburg authors thought they knew about the land and people they occupied. It contributes to a growing scholarship on the Habsburg-Ottoman borderlands.
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Van Demark, Christopher Max. "Sketch of a New World: US Occupation and the Politics of Childhood in Postwar Austria." Journal of Austrian-American History 6, no. 2 (October 2022): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.6.2.0154.
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Abstract Between 1945 and 1955, US policymakers targeted Austrian children with a sweeping propaganda campaign intended to cultivate democratic, free-market sensibilities. Coordinated in the 1950s by the US Department of State’s Information Agency, US occupation authorities used subtle, Austrian-ized propaganda to develop educational and extracurricular programming at a moment of sociopolitical and economic transformation in postwar Austria. Responding to concerns about the moral degradation of children after Nazism and rising instances of youth delinquency, this campaign sought to address the ongoing youth problem by inscribing a set of behaviors—empathy, cooperation, and respect for others—that were amenable to the broader US democratizing mission in Central Europe. This paper examines a series of articles from Eine neue Welt für unsere Jugend (1953), a German-language anthology written by authors from both sides of the Atlantic. The text exposed Austrian young people to the richness of life in the United States by flaunting sociopolitical and cultural achievements that aligned with the aims of postwar reorientation initiatives, including articles on the Boy Scouts, transatlantic pen pal programs, and after-school clubs. By broaching these topics, US policymakers hoped to cultivate democratic sensibilities in Austrian youth—to build a new Austria supportive of Western-style liberalism. Works by prominent historians in the field, including Jaimey Fisher and Reinhold Wagnleitner, help frame this article that explores the transnational dynamics of democratic rehabilitation in miniature as US policymakers grappled with the aftermath of Nazism on the one hand and an escalating Cold War on the other.
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Van Demark, Christopher Max. "Sketch of a New World: US Occupation and the Politics of Childhood in Postwar Austria." Journal of Austrian-American History 6, no. 2 (October 2022): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.6.2.0154.
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Abstract Between 1945 and 1955, US policymakers targeted Austrian children with a sweeping propaganda campaign intended to cultivate democratic, free-market sensibilities. Coordinated in the 1950s by the US Department of State’s Information Agency, US occupation authorities used subtle, Austrian-ized propaganda to develop educational and extracurricular programming at a moment of sociopolitical and economic transformation in postwar Austria. Responding to concerns about the moral degradation of children after Nazism and rising instances of youth delinquency, this campaign sought to address the ongoing youth problem by inscribing a set of behaviors—empathy, cooperation, and respect for others—that were amenable to the broader US democratizing mission in Central Europe. This paper examines a series of articles from Eine neue Welt für unsere Jugend (1953), a German-language anthology written by authors from both sides of the Atlantic. The text exposed Austrian young people to the richness of life in the United States by flaunting sociopolitical and cultural achievements that aligned with the aims of postwar reorientation initiatives, including articles on the Boy Scouts, transatlantic pen pal programs, and after-school clubs. By broaching these topics, US policymakers hoped to cultivate democratic sensibilities in Austrian youth—to build a new Austria supportive of Western-style liberalism. Works by prominent historians in the field, including Jaimey Fisher and Reinhold Wagnleitner, help frame this article that explores the transnational dynamics of democratic rehabilitation in miniature as US policymakers grappled with the aftermath of Nazism on the one hand and an escalating Cold War on the other.
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Kopczyński, Mariusz, and Tomasz Tulejski. "Konserwatywny autorytaryzm przeciwko faszyzmowi, narodowemu socjalizmowi i komunizmowi. Przypadek Engelberta Dollfußa." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 44, no. 1 (August 25, 2022): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.44.1.4.
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Engelbert Dollfuß is commonly considered to be a representative of Austrofascism, and therefore is presented as akin to Hitler and Mussolini. In this article, the authors rebut this erroneous and harmful opinion. The analysis of the political thought and activity of the Austrian chancellor through his leading idea — the relationship between nation and state, and the corporate socioeconomic system — proves that his position differed fundamentally from the Nazi and fascist models. The authors argue that Dollfuß’s doctrine was rooted in Catholic social teachings and a Christian worldview. The chancellor’s anti-democratic actions were justified by the threat posed to Austria by the Third Reich.
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Levasseur, Ludvig. "Book Review: "Austrian Perspectives on Entrepreneurship, Strategy, and Organization"." Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 23, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35297/qjae.010068.
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Nicolai Foss, Peter Klein, and Matthew McCaffrey explain convincingly how Austrian ideas play a crucial role in gaining a better understanding of entrepreneurship, strategy, and organization research. The authors review the achievements of Austrian economics in management and propose some potentially fruitful directions for future research in a concise book.
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Bare, Duncan, and Siegfried Beer. "Building a Presence along the Danube: A Fresh Look at OSS and SSU Austria in 1945 and 1946." Journal of Austrian-American History 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 122–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0122.
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Abstract This article assesses the activities of US intelligence services in early Cold War Austria along four separate, albeit linked axes. The organizations under observation, namely, Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and Strategic Services Unit (SSU) Austria, as well as (to a lesser extent) Central Intelligence Group (CIG) Austria, are explored differently than as in the past, cast not as cogs within a larger intelligence machinery directed from Washington, DC (headquarters) but rather as relatively autonomous producers of regional intelligence that was disseminated locally, laterally, and up the inner-organizational chain of command (“the field”). Key to discovering how OSS, SSU, and CIG evolved in Austria (rather than as the result of changes effected in Washington, DC, or its surroundings) are the interactions between middle management in Austria and senior leadership in Washington, several of whom were former “field” men (or women) themselves. Austrian-based staffing and reporting, operational successes and failures, as well as biographical sketches of several key individuals in question are presented, allowing for fresh insights into how each organization actually operated in Austria to be gained. Through studying these aspects jointly, the authors posit the emergence of a unique intelligence culture among US intelligence officers shaped by their shared Austrian experience, perhaps denoting a more efficient and fruitful approach to local and regional peculiarities.
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Maydanyk, Roman A., and Kateryna V. Moskalenko. "CERTAIN LIMITATIONS IN REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS`S EXERCISING (CASES OF CHINA AND AUSTRIA)." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 11 (2021): 3016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202111226.
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The aim: To analyze the existing international legal framework, regulating limitations of exercising reproductive rights, and determine whether the limitations provided by Chinese and Austrian national legislators meet the international and regional standards. Materials and methods: The article is based on international universal and regional European legal instruments, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, national legislation of China and Austria, and scientific articles. The research is grounded on formal logical and dialectical methods, methods of synthesis and analysis, historical method, comparative legal method, and the method of modelling. Conclusions: The authors concluded that despite the standards on reproductive autonomy, being set by the number of international conferences and international and regional acts, the governments may impose limitations on exercising the said autonomy. Such limitations can be either radical ones (taking into account Chinese example of birth control) or liberal ones (taking into account the Austrian case on the prohibition of heterologous gametes donation).
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Васильчикова, Н. А., and В. А. Кузбагарова. "MEDIATION IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS IN THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 4 (December 26, 2023): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2023.71.12.007.
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Статья посвящена анализу динамики развития процедуры медиации в Австрии. В исследовании раскрыт опыт данного государства в сфере поддержки развития медиации и распространения этой процедуры. Авторами проанализированы основные положения и специфика законодательства, в частности Закон Австрии «О медиации по гражданским делам». Уделено особое внимание принципу конфиденциальности при проведении медиации, порядку привлечения медиатора к ответственности, поддержке развития медиации, этапам медиации и требованиям к подготовке медиаторов, определению правовой природы соглашения между сторонами и медиатором. The article deals with the analysis of the dynamics of mediation procedure development in Austria. The study demonstrates Austria's experience in supporting the development of mediation and its dissemination. The authors analyze basic provisions and specifics of special legislation in the form of the Austrian Civil Mediation Act, paying special attention to the principle of confidentiality in mediation, the mediator's liability procedure, support to mediation development, mediation stages and requirements for mediator training, definition of the legal nature of the agreement between the parties and the mediator.
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Adhikari, Sailesh, Brian Bond, Henry Quesada, and Robert Smith. "Lumber Supply-Chain Practice in Cross-Laminated Timber Industries in the United States: A Comparison with Austrian Producers." Forest Products Journal 73, no. 4 (January 1, 2024): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-23-00018.
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Abstract Lumber is the main raw material for cross-laminated timber (CLT) production, accounting for up to 80 percent of the cost. The availability, quality, and price of lumber are critical factors that influence the completion of CLT projects in the United States. Although structural-rated CLTs are made from structural-grade lumber available in the commodities market, CLT mills have additional requirements to process the lumber more efficiently. These requirements increase production costs, affecting the supply chain, delaying production schedules, and increasing project completion times. This study aims to identify the differences in the lumber supply-chain practices for CLT manufacturing in the United States and Austria. The authors used the case-study survey with convenience sampling method to describe how CLT mills work with suppliers, their delivery preferences, quality-control practices, and current critical issues in each country. The study shows significant differences in lumber procurement and quality monitoring between CLT mills in the United States and Austria. Although the quality of lumber supplied to Austrian CLT mills does not require additional preparation, the quality of lumber in the United States significantly affects production efficiency and cost. To address the lumber supply-chain problems in the United States for CLT production, the authors recommend sorting lumber from the current market to meet minimum requirements and introducing a new lumber grade specifically for CLT mills. Furthermore, adopting the Austrian practice of mass-producing blank CLTs can provide a continuous supply of lumber from sawmills or distributors and increase collaboration opportunities with suppliers and producers.
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Shastina, Elena, Julia Kazakova, Marina Shastina, Lyudmila Trofimova, and Anatolii Borisov. "Modern Austrian Novel: Endless Wanderings in the Labyrinths of Kafka's Castle." Space and Culture, India 7, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v7i3.432.
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The purpose of the article is to discuss the perception of Kafka's The Castle (Das Schloss, 1922) in the novels The Peaches Killers (Die Pfirsichtöter, 1972) by Alfred Kolleritsch, Among the Bieresch (Bei den Bieresch, 1979) by Klaus Hoffer and Into the Castle (Ins Schloss, 2004) by Marianne Gruber. The reference to the writers and their works is no coincidence; preference is given to the artists whose creative manner reflects the most fashionable trends in Western European literary process - from avant-garde to postmodernism. The authors of the article deliberately arrange the analysed works in chronological order to follow the stages in the development of German postmodernism which originates from modernist literature. The universal Kafkaesque discourse suggests the existence of direct and inverse connections between the author and the reader, the extra-textual tradition and reality. The article focuses on the narrative strategies of Austrian avant-garde (Kolleritsch), analyses postmodern discourse (Hoffer, Gruber) in the Austrian literature of the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries, reveals signs of typological similarity between the novels by Kafka, Kolleritsch, Hoffer, and Gruber, which seems productive for understanding the influence of modernist literature on the development of the postmodern paradigm in the German-language literary space. Austrian literature, to a greater extent, is fraught with the search for new forms of self-expression rather than with the artistic “overcoming the past” - the awareness of collective guilt. It brought to the forefront the authors in whose works the age of change was reflected. Literary avant-garde has been replaced by authors who skillfully “play” with the previous culture and establish a dialogue with the present. The comparative methodology is to reveal the perception of "Kafkaesque discourse" in modern Austrian literature and to draw conclusions about the ways authors treat ontological questions.
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Michnevisch, L. "Legislative consolidation of copyright on Ukrainian lands within the austrian (Austro-Hungarian) empire." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 72 (November 16, 2022): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.9.
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The article analyzes the genesis of the normative consolidation of copyright law in the Ukrainian lands of the Austrian (Austro-Hungarian) empire. The thesis is substantiated that the formation of copyright law, as a legal institution in the western Ukrainian lands, followed a peculiar way. It has been formed under the influence of the main European concepts of the legal protection of copyright law and the legislative norms of the Austrian state. It has been established that the preconditions for the origins of copyright law in Europe were the origin of printing, the commercialization of publishing, and the professionalization of literary activity. It has been discovered that the legislation of copyright law in the Austrian state was formed much later than in the leading European countries. Primarily, there has existed as part of censorship legislation. Only in the middle of the 19th century, separate copyright law has been adopted. It has been detected that the right of literary property arose first, and later the same legal principles were used to protect the works of composers and artists. The thesis is proved the spread of the proprietary concept of copyright in Austrian law. It has been suggested that until the beginning of the 20th century, copyright law has been already understood as the exclusive right of the author to publish, reproduce, distribute and translate the work. However, Austrian legislation did not distinguish the personal non-property rights of authors.
It has been stated that all general approaches to the legislative consolidation of copyright law in the Austrian state were also extended under control to Ukrainian lands. It has been suggested that Austria, compared to other states that enslaved Ukrainian lands, created the most favorable conditions for the preservation of Ukrainian identity: Ukrainian-language books were published, the equality of languages was proclaimed, and official collections of state regulations were translated into Ukrainian. Finally, it allowed Ukrainians to realize the necessity for legal protection of intellectual property rights.
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Lenets, Anna V., atiana V. Ovsienko, and Alla S. Eksuzian. "Discursive construction of national identity in the German language New Year’s address." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1(2021) (March 25, 2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2021-1-73-83.
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In modern studies, the identification and analysis of linguistic methods of constructing national identity in various types of discourses, as well as the representation of value constants in linguistic culture, is of particular relevance. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify national value dominants and their linguistic representation in the New Year addresses of Austrian, German and Swiss politicians. The material of the study was examples from New Year’s addresses of politicians from the countries of the German-speaking space (Austria, Germany, Switzerland). More than 2000 lexical units representing value dominants in each of the German-speaking linguacultural were analyzed by the method of continuous sampling. Analysis of the specifics of the components of New Year’s address as one of the genres of political discourse made it possible to identify linguacultural dominants that characterize the citizens of a particular state, their views and mores. The authors of the article include nominations, the opposition “we – they“, historical narrative, territorial and cultural associations, and the functional capabilities of the socio-political sphere. Identification and analysis of linguistic representation of value dominants in the New Year messages of the Federal Chancellor of Germany and Federal Presidents of Austria and Switzerland in the periods 2009-2010, 2014-2015 and 2018-2019. Allowed to establish that the main value constants in the speeches of the German Chancellor are Germany, social sector, Europe. Important value constants for Austrian culture are Europe, Austria, social sector and economy. The absolute value dominant in the New Year messages of the Federal Presidents of Switzerland is the Switzerland constant, which is the foundation of the Swiss national identity. Other important dominants are Switzerland and the world, democracy, globalization, youth, social area. The authors conclude that the process of constructing the identity of an entire nation is conditioned by social, political and economic processes in the state.
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Zabuzov, Oleg N. "Military sciences and the science of war in the understanding of Russian and Austrian researchers." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Sociology. Politology 22, no. 4 (November 23, 2022): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2022-22-4-484-490.
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The article is a review of the bilingual collective monograph “Military Sciences versus War Science in Austria and Russia (Militärwissenschaften versus Wissenschaft über Krieg in Österreich und Russland)”. The monograph under review is the result of a Russian-Austrian scientific seminar on problems of war and military science. Book consists of two sections. In the first section, the authors of the monograph consider a number of methodological and ideological problems of the war. They give reflections on the essence of military science, the importance of strategy in the implementation of the military-doctrinal provisions of the state. The conceptual understanding of the strategy is considered. Attention is paid to the essence of the concept of «modern war». Particular emphasis in the monograph is placed on the study of the scientific militaryhistorical heritage, the importance of economic, informational, spiritual aspects of the content of modern wars. The trends of «denationalization» of modern wars are shown. The second section of the collective monograph is devoted to applied aspects of modern warfare. In it, the co-authors of the monograph studied the issues of the use of military force in modern society, its use by politics. The problems of the methodology of war are raised, and in particular, the nature of war. Attention is paid to hybridity, consistency, complexity, asymmetry of war. For a better understanding of the essence of war, the concept of “image of war” is introduced into the monograph, characterizing its internal and external manifestations. Considered the idea of developing polemological research in Russia and in the world. Turning to the system of military education in Austria and Germany, the authors postulate the need to preserve the military component in education, which is the basis of the military profession. The publication of such a bilingual joint Russian-Austrian collective monograph should be positively regarded not only from a scientific point of view, but also as a factor in establishing scientific and business contacts in such difficult geopolitical changes in the world.
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Tálos, Emmerich, and Marcel Fink. "Der österreichische Wohlfahrtsstaat : Entwicklung und Herausforderungen." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 34, no. 2 (2002): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2002.5693.
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The present article aims at describing and pointing out the problems of the current situation and the development of social policy in Austria against the background of its historic roots. In the first part the authors note the high path-dependency – up till recently – in the configuration of social policy in Austria. In this context the fundamental features of the Austrian welfare state are outlined and closer exemplified, followed – in a second part – by the identification of current problems and challenges with which this system is confronted. The politics of the last decade to these problems in form of a (defensive) ‘policy of adaptation’. Relevant measures found for manœuvre only within the framework of established programmes and contained hardly components capable of substantially changing fundamental principles of the system. However, basic system-changing measures are frequently under consideration by the new middle right Government that has been in office since early 2000, and some of these ideas are already being implemented. This neoliberal/ conservative policy reversal, which is being advanced at considerable pace, is of note not only in relation to the nature of its content, but also in regard to its effects on the ability of the Austrian welfare state to achieve social integration.
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Ilieva, Viktorija, Aleksandra Janeska-Iliev, Stojan Debarliev, Leonid Nakov, Ljubomir Drakulevski, and Thomas Brudermann. "Knowledge overconfidence among entrepreneurs from Austria and North Macedonia." Journal of East European Management Studies 27, no. 2 (2022): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2022-2-259.
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Entrepreneurial decision-making is often characterized by unrealistic optimism. This so-called “overconfidence bias” has consequently received an increasing amount attention from the authors of literature on entrepreneurship research. Most empirical studies, however, that target the overconfidence bias have been conducted with students or samples from the general population. This study contributes to the entrepreneurial decision-making literature by explicitly targeting entrepreneurs from Austria and North Macedonia (n = 187), defined as individuals who have started their own businesses or are in the process of doing so. The entrepreneurs were asked to complete a general-knowledge questionnaire and to estimate the accuracy of their answers. The results suggest that the most of these entrepreneurs exhibit overconfidence (and some, underconfidence) with regard to the accuracy of their knowledge. Significant differences were observed between the bias scores and confidence scores of the Austrian and Macedonian respondents, but not the accuracy scores. The so-called “hard-easy effect,” which indicates that individuals display overconfidence when answering hard questions, but underconfidence when answering easy questions, was observed among the Austrian but not among the Macedonian entrepreneurs.
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Bachleitner, Norbert. "The Politics of the Book Trade in Nineteenth-Century Austria." Austrian History Yearbook 28 (January 1997): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800016337.
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For centuries Austria has enjoyed an enviable reputation for music and the fine arts, but not for literature. During the Enlightenment it was already widely regarded as a land devoid of books. This characterization was not totally fair. There had always been Austrian authors of high standing, but even they accepted their indiscriminate identification with a much larger German literary establishment. By the nineteenth century, it was not unusual for commentators like Ludwig Börne to characterize Austria as the “China of Europe,” where no literature could flourish. Only at the turn of this century–with the emergence of a new generation of writers who, over the past decades, have won belated recognition as important stimuli of modernism—did Austria finally shed the image of a country where dancing the waltz and eating famous cakes were foremost on people's minds.
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Philipp, C., S. Sari, P. Eder, E. Patzl-Fischerleitner, and R. Eder. "Austrian Pinot blanc wines: Typicity, wine styles and the influence of different oenological decisions on the volatile profile of wines." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191502005.
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Pinot blanc is found in all wine regions of Austria. However, it plays an economically subordinate role compared to the most important white grape variety, Grüner Veltliner. The concept of wine typicity and terroir is that the geographical origin and oenological practices, along with the grape variety, make an important contribution to the final expression of the finished wine. The purpose of this study was to discuss different styles of Austrian Pinot blanc wines and to discuss the various wine production decisions in terms of wine stylistics and aromatic profile. 131 commercial Austrian wine samples of the Pinot blanc variety of the 2015 to 2017 vintages were collected and the manufacturer's practices were determined by means of a questionnaire related to the wine styles. Using various GC-SIM-MS methods, more than 100 essential volatile substances were quantified. A trained panel, an expert panel and consumers evaluated the wines based on typicity and quality. 15 typical wines were then assessed on a sensory basis by means of predetermined aroma and wine styles. The four Austrian Pinot blanc wine styles previously discussed and presented by the same authors (citrus (1st style), green apple and green pear (2nd style), ripe yellow apple, quince, cooked pear, bread and honey notes (3rd style), as well as intensive oak notes (4th style)) were able to be partially reproduced by the trained panel. The following three wine styles could be better understood by the consumers: fresh fruity (style A), complex aroma with or without moderate wood (style B) and lots of wood aroma (style C). These styles (A–C) were able to withstand a sensory examination and a discriminant analysis by substance. An oenological guideline could help the producers to achieve the respective style. Austria's wine-growing area is probably too small and the importance of the Pinot blanc variety for the individual areas still too low to support the terroir concept for this grape variety.
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Issabekova, G., and N. Duisenova. "Austrian experience of content and language integrated learning (CLIL)." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Pedagogy series 100, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ped4/189-197.
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The article reviews and analyses the Austrian practice of CLIL technology as an innovative form that meets the requirements and challenges of modern society. Based on their scientific and practical experience and ex-change of experience with Austrian scientists, experts and practitioners, the authors make a historical and lin-guistic overview of the implementation of subject and language integrated learning in Austrian school prac-tice, analyze the prerequisites of the CLIL in the educational system, goals and structure of the CLIL. The bi-lingual schools and bilingual lessons are individual and aotonomous initiative of schools schools and the main prerequisite is the subject-linguistic competence of the CLIL teachers and the availability of subject materials in a foreign language. The reasons for the diversity of the subject-linguistic combination in the school, the ad-aptation of the CLIL models to the school type, the subject-language curriculum, the study group and the school situation are analysed. The concept of continuous education of teachers' colleges under the CLIL pro-gramme for teachers involved in the implementation of the cross-curricular approach is presented. Ensuring language/linguistic diversification through forms of correct application of a foreign language as the object of classical language education and as a language of instruction is seen as an advantage.
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Zverev, V. O., and M. K. Alafyev. "ENEMY AGENTS ON THE EASTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Vestnik Altaiskogo Gosudarstvennogo Pedagogiceskogo Universiteta, no. 47 (June 3, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2413-4481-2021-2-73-79.
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Referring to documentary sources unfamiliar to narrow specialists, the authors reveal the undercover basis for the German and Austrian armies intelligence agencies’ activities in the territories of the Vistula and Baltic regions, the Volyn province in 1915-1916. Some tactical and psychological aspects of persuading potential agents to cooperate on a reimbursable basis are analyzed. The conclusion is made about the serious recruiting work carried out by the German and Austrian intelligence agencies, and the high level of training of many of their agents.
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Bohunovsky, Lisa, Verena Radinger-Peer, Michaela Zint, and Marianne Penker. "Change agents under tensions: a paradox approach to strategies for transforming higher education toward sustainability." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 24, no. 9 (October 3, 2023): 372–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-12-2022-0393.
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Purpose Guided by paradox theory, the study aims to significantly advance Sustainability in Higher Education Institutions (SHEI) scholarship and inform change agents’ (CAs) practices by uncovering the tensions underlying the challenges CAs face in embedding sustainability in their universities and learning about potential strategies to manage these tensions. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a multi-step, mix-methods study including interviews (n = 15), an online survey (n = 36) and focus groups (n = 29) with CAs from 17 of Austria’s 22 public universities. Participating CAs consisted of faculty, staff and administrators with leading roles in their Higher Education Institutions’ sustainability change processes. Findings Austrian SHEI CAs’ responses revealed 15 tensions at and between the individual, organizational and system level addressing academic, organizational and external stakeholder engagement aspects. Six tensions were selected for more in-depth exploration including elaboration of management strategies, building on CAs’ experiences. Results revealed examples of acceptance, separation and synthesis strategies. Research limitations/implications Based on the exploratory nature of our study, the authors do not claim to have identified a comprehensive list of tensions underlying the challenges faced by SHEI CAs, nor of all potential management strategies. Practical implications Although this study focused exclusively on Austrian SHEI CAs, the challenges they shared were consistent with those in the literature and, thus, insights should also support the CAs’ efforts in other countries. Originality/value This study offers novel perspectives on how to manage the challenges to SHEI. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first to describe paradox theory-informed management strategies recommended by a heterogenous group of SHEI CAs to address the barriers they face in transforming their universities toward sustainability.
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Simpson, Barry Dean, and Scott A. Kjar. "Diagrammatic Exposition of the Socialist Calculation Argument." New Perspectives on Political Economy 02, no. 1 (September 8, 2006): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.62374/fbq89k82.
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In this article, the authors build on the previous work of Kirzner (1963) and Simpson and Kjar (2005) to present a diagrammatic exposition of the impossibility of monetary calculation in a purely socialist economy. In order to accomplish this goal, the authors juxtapose diagrams of the socialist economy with previous Austrian diagrams of price theory and the social appraisement process in a free market economy.
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Duftschmid, G., L. Gerhold, W. Gall, J. Gambal, and W. Dorda. "Austria’s Path Toward Nationwide Electronic Health Records." Methods of Information in Medicine 47, no. 02 (2008): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me0401.
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Summary Objectives: This article discusses current planning activities in Austria after legislation has been passed to introduce the electronic health record (EHR). Methods: After describing similar activities in several other countries, the authors explore the current situation of healthcare telematics and imminent steps toward the implementation of a lifelong EHR. Results: Substantial efforts have been made to coordinate healthcare telematics in Austria since the mid-1990s. One result of these efforts was the definition of a framework for electronic data exchange. A number of standardization projects were also implemented. Major steps have been taken as part of an ongoing healthcare reform to promote the use of healthcare telematics. One important example is a national initiative whose objective is to implement the EHR. This initiative is extensively discussed along with other national activities related to healthcare telematics. Conclusion: This EHR initiative has prepared the ground for extensive planning that is currently under way to implement a lifelong EHR in Austria on a national level. Introducing the EHR will have a strong impact on Austrian healthcare and should be performed in concert with international activities. The authors offer a number of practical recommendations for the implementation of an EHR on a national level.
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Gogin, Alexander A., Anna N. Fedorova, Ramil F. Vagapov, and Alexey V. Sergeev. "Austrian and Russian constitutionalism: comprehensive analysis." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 41 (June 29, 2021): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.41.05.12.
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The article deals with some issues that characterize the Basic Laws of the Republic of Austria and the Russian Federation. When choosing the leading research method, the authors of this article were guided by the fundamental dialectical means of cognition, which is the ascent from the individual to the general. The comparison technique used in this case is based on a consistent understanding and analysis of similar conditions, rules and requirements for the Republic of Austria and the Russian Federation. The applied historical and legal method made it possible to consider various historical events in motion, development, and in connection with modernity. The methods of analysis and synthesis are widely used in the work. As the main results of the study, we note the generalization of the most significant distinctive features that are the foundation of the Basic Laws of both federal states.
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Shumilov, M. M., and O. I. Shmidt. "South Tyrol Issue as a Factor of Interstate Relations between Italy and Austria." Administrative Consulting, no. 6 (August 8, 2020): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2020-6-64-81.
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The research highlights the ethnopolitical conflict within the European Union (using the example of the South Tyrol autonomy). The article states the reasons for the formation of separatist sentiments on the territory of this region, considers in detail the foreign policy activities of the Republic of Austria and the relationship between Austria and Italy. This paper discusses the historical background and the current state of the ethnopolitical conflict in the South Tyrol region. The purpose of the study is to disclose the nature and manifestations of the conflict, policy statements, documents, reasons and actions of Austrian and Italian officials, aimed at escalating as well as settlement of the conflict. Taking into consideration the objectives and preferences of the local population, the authors question the possibility of further autonomization of the Italian province and its political self-determination. However, they do not exclude the future aggravation of the conflict and exacerbation of the Austria-Italy relations in the context of the European Union transformation.
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Seiwald, Johann, and Tobias Polzer. "Reflections on the Austrian COVID-19 budgetary emergency measures and their potential to reconfigure the public financial management system." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 32, no. 5 (September 22, 2020): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-07-2020-0103.
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PurposeCrises constitute stress tests for public sectors, with public financial management (PFM) systems having to respond to emergency needs. In this study, the authors analyze (1) what elements of the Austrian PFM system have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) what mechanisms have been applied to close identified gaps in the PFM system and to ensure alignment with budget principles. The authors then reflect on these PFM measures.Design/methodology/approachThe research departs from the pre-crisis configuration of the Austrian PFM system. Making use of a data triangulation strategy, the paper analyses draft laws and regulations with corresponding explanatory notes and impact assessments, transcripts from debates in the federal Parliament and articles and commentaries issued by various stakeholders.FindingsThe analysis of five areas relevant to the reconfiguration of the Austrian PFM system shows that the pandemic has caused an external shock, but at the same time, the current system has not been challenged in substance and has been utilized to react to the pandemic—resulting in (ad hoc) modifications. The system has proved robust and crisis responsive; however, in a reactive pattern, emerging ad hoc elements have been integrated, with a number of defensive mechanisms ensuring compliance with budget principles. In addition, in some areas, more proactive actions have been taken for closing system gaps (e.g. risk disclosure).Originality/valueThe authors evaluate the likelihood of (proposed, decided and implemented) emerging elements or revisions to a PFM system being embedded into the existing PFM system, alongside reflecting on results and necessary further adjustments.
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Nikolic, Dusan. "Two centuries of the Austrian Civil code (1811-2011)." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 135 (2011): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1135113n.
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Austrian civil code (Allgemeines b?rgerliches Gesetzbuch - ABGB, ACC) succeeded in resisting the challenges of time for two centuries. A number of factors influenced it's longevity. First of all, prior to adoption of the law, a long lasting and well designed work, which has been described in greater detail in this article, was done. The Code was written gradually, with lots of recalculations, checks and public debates. In legal literature, it is often written about a unique lawmaking experiment, which Austrian authorities made by implementing the Code in one part of the state territory. The Code was written for feudal order, but according to principles of natural law. This second thing has, in addition to widely formulated and flexible legal norms, left enough space for extensive interpretation of outdated rules, and filling in the legal lacunas, whose number was increasing as the time passed. Courts often used this opportunity in a creative manner, contributing to survival of the Code. Many additions and changes were made to the Code, but there were few of those who thought that it should be changed by a new one Code. Austrians are preparing a more detailed revision of the ACC, which will allow modernization of the national law and it's synchronization with trends in current European law, but on the other hand, to preserve the two century old legal heritage. The second part of this article is dedicated to the influence of the Austrian Civil Code on the development of civil law in the former Yugoslavia and Serbia. ACC served as model for adoption of the Serbian Civil Code of 1844. It was applied as a positive law in the first half of XX century, in one part of the territory of today's Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Formally, legal rules of the Austrian Civil Code can even be applied today, according to the Law on Nullity of Legal Regulations Enacted Prior to 6th of April 1941, and During the Enemy Occupation. However, that possibility is more theoretical than practical, and is limited only to a narrow field inside the property law, because in other fields, Serbia has an equally proper, and in domain of obligation law, even a more modern legal regulative, which was mentioned by some Austrian authors.
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Bokwa, Krzysztof, and Iwo Jarosz. "Czy na pewno martwa instytucja? Staropolskie i austriackie pactum advitalitium w perspektywie współczesnej." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 25 (September 24, 2018): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.25.7.
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An already defunct institution? Old-Polish and Austrian pactum advitalitium in a contemporary perspectivePactum advitalitium was an early Polish legal institution established through a marital agreement. It was a form of annuity by means of which spouses established a right of usufruct of the entirety of an estate, effective upon the passing of one spouse and existing for the lifetime of the beneficiary. The practical purpose thereof was to secure the material well-being of a widowed spouse, usually the wife, given not only that the legal system did not provide for commune marital property, as well as that there was no statutory spousal succession. Later, after the partitions of Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, the institution discussed herein was adopted by Austrian law and regulated in the newly enacted Austrian Civil Code ABGB, with slight modifications enabling i.a. to encumber not only the whole estate or a part thereof, but also several assets of a future estate. Thus advitalitium had become available within the vast Austrian Empire, yet it did not gain a wide recognition among the nations of the Monarchy, remaining an infrequently used institution, which led to its repeal in 21st century. The very legal character of pactum advitalitium was and is still controversial, leading the academia to suggest multiple explanations of its nature, often varying significantly dependent on the subject of advitalitium in a specific case the entirety of an estate or a part thereof or several assets. The authors aim to examine the origins and history of advitalitium regulation in early Polish and Austrian law in their historical context, later to recount the doctrinal concepts explaining its character. To pursue both there aims, historical and formal-dogmatic methods are employed. The authors then move on to discuss the possibility of reaching results identical or just similar to ones achieved by means of an advitalitium in modern Polish law, applying the formal-dogmatic method, to show that not only no comparable institution exists in Polish law nowadays but, moreover, that similar results cannot be achieved by applying instruments known to Polish law. Such analysis enables the authors to arrive at conclusions regarding the possible application of advitalitium as an instrument of estate planning in the context of modern family relationships, which could lead to the rediscovery thereof in modern legal systems.
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Koland, Olivia, and Willi Haas. "Managing a special report: Reflections on the genesis of the Austrian assessment on health, demography and climate change." GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 32, no. 1 (May 20, 2023): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.32.1.5.
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National assessment reports provide a broadly accepted scientific base, for instance for climate policy-making. In this Design Report, we reflect on the 18-month process of managing the Austrian Special Report Health, Demography and Climate Change involving more than 60 authors. We discuss the efficacy of management tools and the extent to which the assessment resonated in the policy arena.The Austrian Panel on Climate Change (APCC) was established in 2016 for the purpose of issuing comprehensive assessment reports and special reports applying standards and procedures like the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). All of these assessment reports essentially aim at providing an authoritative synthesis of policy-relevant knowledge, with an emphasis on undisputed statements. In this article, we describe the one-and-a-half-year process of generating the scientific assessment for the Austrian Special Report Health, Demography and Climate Change (ASR18). 60 authors from different disciplinary backgrounds were involved in the writing process, 30 stakeholders were consulted and raised relevant issues in two workshops, and two formal scientific review loops yielded more than 2,000 comments. From the perspective of the process coordinators, we reflect on the efficacy of management tools to achieve a credible, relevant and legitimate outcome. Finally, we outline the extent to which we see our Special Report as an effective contribution to incorporating scientific knowledge into policy debates.
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Dahaba, Ashraf A., Seth I. Perelman, David M. Moskowitz, Henry L. Bennett, Aryeh Shander, Zhaoyang Xiao, Lin Huang, et al. "Geographic Regional Differences in Rocuronium Bromide Dose–Response Relation and Time Course of Action." Anesthesiology 104, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200605000-00010.
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Background Geographic location is not acknowledged as a stratifying factor that can directly affect drug potency, because drugs are still licensed with the same recommended dose for different geographic regions. The aim of the current study was to compare the potency and duration of action of rocuronium bromide in 54 patients in three countries with different life habits, diet, and ambient conditions, namely white Austrians, white North Americans, and Han Chinese in China. Methods Neuromuscular block of six consecutive 50-microg/kg rocuronium incremental doses followed by 300 microg/kg was evaluated using the Relaxometer mechanomyograph (Groningen University, Groningen, Holland). Dose-response curves were created using log-dose-probit transformation. The authors compared rocuronium bromide ED50, ED90, and ED95 (effective doses required for 50%, 90%, and 95% first twitch depression, respectively) as well as Dur25 and Dur0.8 (times from last incremental dose administration until 25% first twitch and 0.8 train-of-four ratio recovery, respectively) in patients of the three countries. Results Rocuronium ED50, ED90, and ED95 were significantly higher in Austrian patients (258 +/- 68, 530 +/- 159, and 598 +/- 189 microg/kg) and Chinese patients (201 +/- 59, 413 +/- 107, and 475 +/- 155 microg/kg) compared with American patients (148 +/- 48, 316 +/- 116, and 362 +/- 149 microg/kg, respectively). Dur25 and Dur0.8 were significantly shorter in Austrian patients (22.3 +/- 5.5 and 36.9 +/- 12.8 min) and Chinese patients (30.4 +/- 7.5 and 45.7 +/- 15.9 min) compared with American patients (36.7 +/- 8.5 and 56.2 +/- 16.7 min, respectively). Conclusions The authors demonstrated a significant difference in rocuronium potency and duration of action among patients in the three countries. Larger studies are required for determining dosage recommendations for different geographic regions.
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Kostina, Daria M., Elizaveta N. Sidorova, and Elena N. Shirlina. "FEATURES OF THE AUSTRIAN VARIETY OF GERMAN IN ACADEMIC DISCOURSE." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2023-15-2-135-150.
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The article deals with the main approaches to the study of the Austrian variant of the German language as a means of oral and written communication in the academic discourse. The authors focus on the lexical and pragmatic features of the Austrian variant of the German language that distinguish it from the language of the academic communication in Germany.
Background. Though today much attention is given to the German variants, their functioning in institutional discourse haven’t been explored enough yet, which can lead to errors in cross-lingual communication and translation.
Purpose. The aims of this paper are to analyze the main approaches and methods used in the study of the Austrian version of the German language in the academic discourse and to identify its main features on the lexical and pragmatic levels based on the results of the author’s research and the works of Austrian linguists.
Materials and methods. The methods of continuous sampling and lexicographic analysis were used to describe the lexical and pragmatic features of the written academic discourse.
Results. The paper describes the main methods for studying the Austrian variant of the German language in the academic discourse (lexicographic method, corpus analysis and sociolinguistic method) and identifies such features of the Austrian variant as terminological austriacisms, Latin words, gender-fair language, peculiarities of address and use of academic titles as well as internal multilingualism.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used for further, deeper study of academic discourse and other institutional discourses, for further analysis of the specific features of the Austrian variant of the German language, and will also be useful for translators and participants in international academic events and academic exchange.
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Górny, Justyna. "The Image of Educated Women in Two Interwar Austrian Novels by Female Authors." Acta Poloniae Historica 117 (October 10, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/aph.2018.117.05.
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