Academic literature on the topic 'Authors, Dagestani'

The article discusses the problem of Dagestani shamkhalate and the term "shamkhal", which is debatable in Dagestani historical science, based on the analysis of sources and special historical literature. According to the authors, the Arabic version of the origin of the first Dagestani Shamkhals is untenable and beneath scientific criticism. The first rulers with the title "shaukhal" who appeared in Dagestan at the early 12th century, belonged to Turkic peoples who led ghazi groups (those who contended for the faith) and spread Islam in Upland Dagestan. The Turkic dynasty existed until the early 14th century only to be overthrown by the combined forces of the Golden Horde, Kajtaks and the Avar Khanate. The Golden Horde established their own ruler (Tatar-Shamkhal) from among the Chingissids, whose descendants ruled this state formation until the second half of the 19th century. The authors come to the conclusion that those were the Kumyks who supported the Tatar-Shamkhals unlike the rest warlike highland population who disliked them; and they finally migrated to live among the Kumyks when, in the second half of the 16th century, they faced deterioration. The Kumyks, being the basis, the core of Shamkhalism, after the withdrawal from Gazikumukh possession, prevented the final disintegration of the Shamkhalate and continued the traditions of medieval statehood

Dagestan is the most multiethnic and multilingual republic within the Russian Federation. From the viewpoint of interethnic relations, Dagestan is a unique research platform: the model of ethnopsychological compatibility of numerous peoples has been implemented here for centuries. It is essential for researchers to understand which factors contribute to and which hinder the establishment of effective interethnic communication in modern Dagestan. This empirical study was conducted in the context of the acculturation theory introduced by the Canadian cross-cultural psychologist John Berry. This article presents the results of researching the impact of perceived security, friendly intercultural contacts, preference for supporting a multicultural ideology, ethnic tolerance, and mutual integration attitude on the psychological well-being of both individual ethnic groups and Dagestani population as a whole. In the course of the study, the authors suggested that the higher the perceived security among ethnic groups in Dagestan, the greater the tendency towards maintaining a multicultural ideology, tolerance, and the preference for an integration strategy, and the lower the preference for a separation strategy (multiculturalism hypothesis). In addition, the authors hypothesized that the higher the intensity of friendly intercultural contacts between representatives of various ethnic groups in Dagestan, the higher their level of tolerance, preference for an integration strategy and the lower their preference for a separation strategy (contact hypothesis). The authors also suggested that the higher the preference for the integration strategy by representatives of various Dagestani ethnic groups, the higher their self-esteem and life satisfaction (integration hypothesis). The sample included Avars, Dargins, Russians and representatives of other ethnic groups: Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Nogais, etc. (total number of respondents N = 438). The data were analyzed both for the total sample and for a sample of specific ethnic groups using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. MIRIPS questionnaire scales were used. The results demonstrated the contribution of perceived security to a preference for a multicultural ideology, tolerance, and mutual integration in the total sample. The results also demonstrated that the intensity of friendly intercultural contacts has no significant effect on tolerance or mutual integration in Dagestan. However, the preference for mutual integration contributes to life satisfaction and self-esteem among the inhabitants of Dagestan, which confirms the integration hypothesis. A separation preference was positively associated with perceived security, life satisfaction and negatively with friendly intercultural contacts among representatives of certain ethnic groups of Dagestan. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of solving the problem of perceived security for building effective intercultural relations in Dagestan. The formation of a national policy in matters of preserving the cultural identity of various ethnic groups must be adequate, since, as the study has shown, separation strategy only leads to life satisfaction, and integration strategy is associated with both life satisfaction and self-esteem of the inhabitants of Dagestan.

This paper is devoted to the source research analysis of the collection works and letters of a famous Dagestani Sheikh Muhammad al-Yaragi, which are written in Arabic and known as ‘Al-Athar’. Despite a keen interest in the personality of the sheikh, practically nothing was known about the content of this book, the only one extant from his written heritage. Meanwhile, the research of these collected works allows us to provide unique insight into the views and beliefs of this famous sheikh. In this regard, the authors examined in detail the structure of ‘Al-Athar’, having determined the genre variety of the manuscript materials included in it. The collection consists of two qasids, texts of several duas and instructions, a biography of the sheikh written by his son, as well as his extensive correspondence with various Dagestani theologians and communities. The collection ends with a small work in poetic form by Jamaluddin al-Gazigumuki, in which he quotes his silsila, i. e. a consistent chain of succession of the sheikhs of the Naqshbandi tariqa. The materials under research provide interesting information about the political and spiritual life of Dagestan society in the first half of the 19th century. At the same time, they provide an insight into the resumption of the interrupted Sufi tradition in the region.

The paper is an attempt at writing of the new conceptual biography of a renowned Muslim reformist leader in late tsarist and early Soviet Caucasus. After ‘Ali al- Ghumuqi more known under the name of Kayaev (1878–1943) from the Dagestani village of Ghumuq fell the victim of the Stalinist political repressions and then was gradually rehabilitated, historians often presented him a leftist journalist and politician close to the Bolsheviks, sometimes also a bibliophile who collected one of the largest private libraries of Muslim Oriental manuscripts and documents. Seriously revising this not very correct image the authors of this article investigate rather his academic research activities that allow rethinking Kayaev as a Muslim historian revisionist. The focus is made on his Oriental source studies that traced the future development of the famous Dagestani school of academic Oriental studies in the twentieth century, as well as on Kayaev’s original treatment of Muslim historiography he considered through the lenses of Muslim peoples’ development as principal historical actors.

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

Published last year, the book "History of Dagestan" is a revised and expanded version of the early publications of the author's team. This is a textbook for teachers, students and students of secondary schools. The book covers the history of Dagestan, from the primitive period to 2010 Shows the economic development of the peoples of Dagestan at different historical stages, social relations, political structure. The most vivid and significant events of struggle of Dagestanis with foreign conquerors are considered. Questions of development of culture of the people of Dagestan are considered.

The article is devoted to some aspects of studying the wedding in modern Dagestan through the prism of the problem of mobility in the fate of the Dagestan rural community. Using the example of the author's materials on migration from the Republic of Dagestan to some regions of Western Siberia (Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), the author studies the degree of influence of translocal elements of the way of life, characteristic of many Dagestan rural communities, on the mobility practices associated with the wedding ritual complex, and also indirectly related to this complex economic and social strategies of the Dagestanis. The article shows how the main stages of the wedding are translocated - mainly, the choice of a marriage partner, pre-wedding events and the location of the wedding itself. It is also of interest how the wedding determines the practices of regular and occasional mobility of migrants and their fellow villagers, the speed of movement between the sending and receiving communities and the decision-making about these movements. It also shows the significant role of Internet communication in modifying wedding practices.

The subject of this research is the prose of the prominent Dagestani writer I. Kerimov dedicated to the 1930s repressions. Among other national authors, Kerimov most often referred to this topic. Special attention is given to considerable contribution made by the writer to the development of a certain trend in literature of the post-Soviet period – new interpretation of the ambiguous events of the period of Socialism construction, description of artistic peculiarities of his works “Long Years, Long Roads”, “Trouble from Coal”, ”My Dream or Reality?”, etc.; determination of most commonly used means that adequately reflection of the oppressive atmosphere of these years, which caused the crisis of national consciousness. Literary review of the works of I. Kerimov's work is conducted in the context of the modern concepts of Russian science of literature, with application of sociocultural and analytical methods. The following conclusions were made: being an experienced artists in words, and simultaneously the eyewitness to the events, I. Kerimov reconstructs realities of the past through the prism of the fate of central images and conflicts. The writer testifies to the negative impact of the 1930s tribulations upon emotional state of the society, deformation of the traditional cultural values. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author is first to carry out a comprehensive examination of the works of I. Kerimov dedicated to the theme of repressions, determining his place and role within the modern literary process.

The article examines the scientific activity of the famous Dagestan literary critic Zabit Nasyrovich Akavov in the course of evolution and innovation of his work. The most significant works of the scientist, in particular monographs «Moral sources», «They were the first», «Dialogue of times», «The spiritual impulse of identity of the Eurasian literary tradition», etc., marked by the originality of the author’s scientific thinking, make a significant contribution to defining the role and place of the works of national authors in the Dagestan art process. To a greater extent, the article con-siders the monograph «Spiritual impulse of the identity of the Eurasian literary tradition» by Z. N. Akavov, written in co-authorship with R. Z. Akavov, which makes an application for the interpretation of «Eurasianism» as a literary cat-egory, confirmed by examples of literary texts of national literature.

The article reviews main works of Russian and foreign authors devoted to the study of the history of medieval Dagestan based on Arabic sources of the 9th-13th centuries on a chronological basis. The Dagestan society political and social life, historical geography, islamization of the region were these and other questions under the focus of these scholars who had developed them on the basis of the in-depth study and knowledge of Arabic historical and geographical sources. The scientific novelty of the paper is determined by the fact that in this work a comparative study of the literature throughout the 19th and early 21st centuries, belonging to the Russian and foreign historiography on Dagestan according to the Arab authors of the 9th-13th centuries, is carried out. The material presented in the article makes it possible to see the source-study outcomes of scholars in studying the history of medieval Dagestan from early Arabic sources, and shows different aspects of the problem which need further development.