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1
Burlakova, I. I., G. A. Khorokhorina, E. V. Glukhova, and M. A. Golovyashkina. "THE USE OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITISH LITERATURE IN THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH TO STUDENTS." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 2(41) (December 24, 2023): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/mlmdr.2023.69.89.003.
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Statement of the problem. Against the background of the abolition of Russian culture in European countries, we believe that Russian students need to develop general cultural and foreign language communicative competence on the best examples of world culture. British literature of the 20th century is directly connected with the events of life of the previous time and is represented by the works of such writers as J. Galsworthy, A. Conan Doyle, R. Kipling, W. Maugham, O. Wilde, H. G. Wells, B. Shaw, etc. British literature of the XX century is realist and modernist works, fantasy, detectives and science fiction represent the "golden age" of its heyday and reflects the changes taking place in society, the search for eternal truths and defense of traditional values for all. The purpose of the study is to develop the foreign language reading competence of students-trainee foreign language teachers of the 1st and 2nd years using the works of twentieth-century British literature. Results. The impact of the content form of literature on the worldview, attitudes, values of students is great and occurs regardless of the attitude towards social institutions. The impact occurs at conscious and unconscious levels. In pragmalinguistic terms, the speech genre of fiction narrative implements communicative strategies. Reading is a thinking process, which is managed indirectly through text selection, preparation of pre- and post-text tasks, and control of reading comprehension. The analysis of the results of the ascertaining stage revealed an insufficient level of knowledge of 20th century British literature in the experimental and control groups of students - future teachers of a foreign language. In this connection the experimental program aimed at the optimization of the process of teaching English and increasing the level of knowledge of the British literature of the XX century among students was developed. Conclusion. On the whole we came to the conclusion that the work with the content form of the British literature of the XX century represents a special culture of relationship with the students, contributes to the formation of values, independence, high motivation for cognitive activity. It is important to provide the assimilation of British literature of the XX century on the basis of the analysis of the biography of the writer, the basics of literary criticism, the impact of stories and the author's idea on human life.
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Ruano, Delfina Serrano. "Muslims, Their Beliefs and Practices." American Journal of Islam and Society 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i1.1963.
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Muslims, Their Beliefs and Practices is the revised 2nd edition of a previous work with the same title divided in two volumes: Vol. I, "The Formative Period," published in 1990, and vol. 11, "Contemporary Period," which appeared in 1993. The present issue, like the preceding one, is a synthesis of the development of Islam throughout its history, from the 7th to the 20th century, with an insight into the challenges of the future. The author makes a review of Muslims' perceptions of their religion as well as the scholarly activity - by Muslims and non Muslims - dedicated to it. This critical attitude distinguishes the book from other introductions to Islam. According to its bibliography, the book is addressed to an audience deemed reluctant as regards to languages other than English. Yet the style and content of the book make of it a complicated reading for a lay public who tries a first approach to Islam. Muslims, Their Beliefs and Practices is organized in six parts, each one introduced by a list of the most significant dates for the subject matter in question. Practical examples excerpted from the sources or the author's personal experience are used to illustrate his arguments. Notes appear at the end. Subsequently, the reader is provided with a glossary, a bibliography additional to that mentioned in the notes, a list of websites ofuse for students of Islam, a thematic index and finally, an index of Qur'anic citations. Part I, "Formative Elements of Classical Islam," contains three chapters. Chapter 1, "Prehistory", covers the 6th century, a period in the history of Arabia on which research about the constituent elements of the new religion has focused. For his part, Rippin puts forward a gradual process from the 6th to the 8th centuries in the broader spatial context of the Near East as a more suitable model to understand the emergence of Islam. In Chapter 2, "The Qur'an," the author describes its form and content. Going further, he poses the questions of how, why and when the Qur'an became a text with the aspect it has today. Chapter 3, "Muhammad," discusses the problems of the historicity of the Prophet's biography as well as its significance. Part II, "The Emergence of Islamic Identity," includes four chapters. Chapter 4, "Political action and theory," turns around three subjects: (a) the role ofreligion in the territorial expansion of the Arabs, (b) the role of politics in the enunciation of the classical form oflslam, and (c) the final separation between both the religious and the political spheres with the emergence of the class of the religious scholars (ulama). The latter assumed the formulation of Islamic faith and law: a process analyzed in chapters 5, "Theological Exposition," and 6, "Legal Developments," respectively. His treatment of these aspects appears rather influenced by the writings of P. Crone, M. Hinds and N. Calder. Chapter 7 is dedicated to the description and interpretation oflslam's external face: "Ritual Practice." ...
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Parsons, Laila. "Some Thoughts on Biography and the Historiography of the Twentieth-Century Arab World1." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 21, no. 2 (May 10, 2011): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1003084ar.
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The number of English-language biographies of Arab subjects is tiny compared to the number of English-language biographies of North American and European subjects. I argue that this discrepancy is due to three main factors: the preponderance of historians of Europe and North America in history departments in the English-speaking world; the limited crossover market for serious biographies of Arab subjects; and difficulties arising from access to, and the style of, the Arabic sources. A fragment from the life-story of Fawzi al-Qawuqji, an early-20th-century Arab nationalist and soldier, is introduced as a way of pointing to the challenges of using Arabic memoirs to craft a biographical narrative in English.
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Sergeev, Sergey. "At the origins of leningrad school of engineering psychology: Sukhodolsky Gennady Vladimirovich." Ergodesign, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2658-4026-2022-1-72-76.
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The scientific biography and the role of Professor Sukhodolsky Gennady Vladimirovich in forming and developing Leningrad School of Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology in the 80s of the 20th century are considered. The circle of authors who formed the core of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) scientific school of engineering psychology and ergonomics is outlined.
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Markova, E. A. "THE TRADITION OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ELEGY AND J. BRODSKY’s POETRY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 6 (December 25, 2019): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-6-1030-1036.
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In the present article J. Brodsky’s poetry is analyzed in the context of a particular elegiac tradition associated with some key figures of English-language poetry of the mid-to-late 20th century. These are W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden and S. Heaney. The aim of the article is to examine the continuity of the 20th century English poetry by the example of a sequence of dedication poems (elegies), in which each subsequent poem alludes to the previous one(s). The comparative method allows us not only to show the features of modern English-language poetry (for instance, the link between elegiac mood and reflection on the purpose of poetry), but also to analyze the influence of poets’ interpersonal contacts on their works. Special emphasis is put on J. Brodsky’s poetry as it may seem extraneous to the English-language tradition in question. The analysis of Brodsky’s personal and creative biography, his particular dedication poems and essays allows us to find the links between the Russian poet and the literary tradition of Great Britain, Ireland and the USA.
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Pilipetchi, Serghei. "THE BIOGRAPHY OF M. CEBOTARI IN MONOGRAPHIC STUDIES." Studiul artelor şi culturologie: istorie, teorie, practică, no. 1(42) (August 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55383/amtap.2022.1.08.
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The article contains information about the monographic studies, which investigate the biography of the outstanding singer and film actress of the first half of the 20th century - Maria Cebotari. This subject constituted a field of research both for the authors of monographs contemporary to the prima donna and those of our days - representatives of different countries and specializations. In this context, the most important of their works (books, brochures, articles), which have scientific value are described and analyzed. Although M. Cebotari`s biography is widely presented, it can be supplemented with new investigations, thanks to the immense artistic heritage of the diva.
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Peset, José Luis. "Mad houses, Writing and Madness in the Spanish Silver Age." Culture & History Digital Journal 11, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): e012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2022.012.
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The authors of naturalism and the avant-garde in Spain attach great importance to illness and especially mental illness and mad houses. The vision of the mental asylum is presented in the literary mirrors of three authors - with very different biography - who wrote in the first decades of the 20th century, in their writings the presentation of the asylum, considered successively as punishment, as experience and as liberation, is changing. Antonio Hoyos y Vinent, Alfonso Vidal y Planas and Andrés Valentín Álvarez y Álvarez are mainly studied.
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Alekseev, Оleksii. "Rural memoirs of Southern Ukraine of the 20th century : prosopographic approach." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 4, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26210402.
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The aim : to consider the application of prosopographic approaches in the study of biographies of authors of peasant memoirs in order to identify common features that laid the conditions for the emergence of memoir practices among the peasants of the Southern Ukraine in the 20th century; to analyze the potential of prosopography for researching general processes. The article considers the application of the prosopographic method to the study of biographies of authors of peasant memoirs in order to identify common features that created conditions for the emergence of memoir practices among the peasants of southern Ukraine in the twentieth century. Modern historical science suggests that individuals having their own little life stories are present behind all processes and events. New directions and principles of historical research are becoming increasingly important. The prosopographic method is one of them. Under prosopography we understand the scientific method of studying individual biographies of authors of historical sources in order to create a “collective biography” of a certain social group on their basis. Methods: analytical, historical, comparative, system-structural. The article author uses methods of specific scientific activity, empirical research and general logic. Practical meaning: recommended for use by scholars for historical research; provides opportunities for the use of this issue in theoretical and methodological and source studies. Originality: research, in particular on the choice of research source base and methodology of its analysis. Scientific novelty: creation of a collective portrait of a peasant author of a memoir source. Conclusions: on the basis of the analysis with the involvement of prosopographic research methods we have the opportunity to create a conditional collective portrait of a peasant of the Southern Ukraine of the twentieth century, the author of the memoir. When creating a “biography” of a peasant author, the following features are distinguished: common social origin, primary education, teaching and educational skills, psychological characteristics, propensity for creative activity, external influences. The materials collected by the researchers from the Zaporizhzhia branch of the NASU Institute of Ukrainian Archaeography and Source Studies named after M. S. Hrushevsky and the History Faculty of the Zaporizhzhia National University and published as a part of collections titled “Sources on the History of the Southern Ukraine”, “Antiquities of the Southern Ukraine” and “Ascension Antiquities”, are used as sources in the analysis. The purpose of the current investigation is to identify the causes and conditions that prompted particular peasants of the Southern Ukraine to create their own historical narrative – memoirs. Another goal is to create a “collective portrait” of an average author using prosopographic methods. The article investigates through the analysis of biographies the background of peasant authors, which singled them out from the general mass of peasants. It also highlights an “average author” as a “historical figure” and analyzes his attribution to a particular era, place, social group and culture. The use of prosopographic methods in the study of biographies of Southern Ukrainian peasants, who distinguished themselves by creating their own memoirs, allows to determine those aspects of the era and the position of the little man who chose to create their own historical excursions contrary to general trends and understanding the risks of totalitarian system. The creation of prosopographical (collective biographies) portraits of peasant authors is a very important component of the reproduction of general processes that created the conditions for the emergence of peasant narrative sources. The author tries to highlight the modern era in all its aspects through the prism of individual biographies and works of peasant authors. Type of article: scientific and theoretical.
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Satkauskytė, Dalia. "The Biography of a Writer as an Argument in (De)Canonisation." Colloquia 53 (July 4, 2024): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/coll.24.53.02.
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Despite the conception of the author’s death that was prevalent in the second half of the 20th century, the author’s biography always intervenes indirectly in the canonisation process, either a priori, as an additional argument for canonisation (e.g. participation in the national movement), or a posteriori, when the canonised author acquires, according to Yuri Lotman, the right to a biography. Moreover, biography becomes a significant factor in cases of revising and rewriting the canon, especially when it is related to political changes in society, e.g. in forming a Socialist Realist canon or the case of its radical deconstruction. The focus on biographical texts and authors’ biographies increases significantly in the 21st century, when literature itself tries to erase boundaries between fictional and biographical, and literary scholars discuss whether it is possible to separate the author from his or her work in the contexts of the historical memory and cancel culture. In this theoretical and historical framework, I discuss the role of the biography in the canonisation and decanonisation of a writer, and consider how these processes and the shift in the cultural paradigm influence interpretations of writers’ biographies.
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Yelkey, Nurlybek, Tlegen Sadykov, and Kara Abdulvahap. "Problems of studying historical personalities and socio-political activities of Khairetdin Bolganbaev." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History. Philosophy series 11429, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024hph2/82-87.
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At the present stage, historians are actively discussing the problems of relationships and mutual influences of history and biography. In our opinion, this is explained by noticeable changes in historical science, which have caused significant reorientations of research interests, the discovery of new subjects and topics of biographical research, as well as new directions and methods. Taking these factors into account, this article attempts to consider some of the most frequently discussed theoretical and methodological problems, including the modern ideas of historians about biography, its goals and objectives, the role and significance of biographical research for historical science. If you look closely at the history of the twentieth century, the Kazakh intelligentsia has given birth to many outstanding, bright personalities, and one of them is Khairetdin Bolganbaev. In this regard, in the article, based on the biographical method, the authors identified the place and role of Kh. Bolganbaev in the reconstruction and development of Kazakh society at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Khan, Muhammad Sajid. "The Sketches of 20th Century biographers in Urdu literature." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v10i1.110.
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Biographies and Pen-Sketches are two separate branches and lots of these two are available in Urdu Literature as well as writings about these two categories but this article is an effort to find sketches of personalities related to the authors of biographies without whom the author's personality cant be revealed fully. These people may be the author's relatives, friends, peers, observers and other persons who has been with him/her at various stages of author's life. Amongst them may be their parents, children, spouse and other relatives as well as other in the same profession. A good biographer takes are of all the aspects, requirements and dimensions from start to end of an autobiography. A person is central to an autobiography can't be highlighted completely unless different aspects of his/her life are described with reference to other related people. This article focuses on the personalities around the central-to-a-biograpgy person and describes them in the light of various biographies in which he/she is talked about. To support this argument, examples are also taken from the biographies written after the selected biography so that it can be proved that biographers can also tell the importance of presented sketches of other personalities. Although these sketches are not written with any such plan, as compared to formal pen sketches, even then these can be considered important and complete to some extent and are comparable to pen sketches.
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Frolova, Natal'ya S. "Devices of comic in the work of the 20th century English-speaking Ugandan poets." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 4 (2019): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-4-140-144.
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Poetry of the Ugandans are analysed in an article in the context of the use of devices of comic in the East African English-language poetry. The critical-realistic and enlightener tendencies that were eagerly apprehended by most East African authors in the 1960s have not allowed them going beyond the direct criticism of damning poetry to this day as well, although point-by-point attempts to use humour and satire when contemplating socio-political issues, do occur throughout the sixty-year existence of East Africa English-language poetry. The dilogy by Okot p’Bitek, Timothy Wangusa and Taban Lo Liyong are clear examples of such attempts made in Uganda literature. At the same time, the three authors use fundamentally different techniques of comic, when portraying modern reality, both purely African and universal human.
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Solarz, Marcin, and Marta Raczyńska-Kruk. "Głuchoniemcy, Taubdeutsche, Walddeutsche – przyczynek do biografii pojęcia." Prace i Studia Geograficzne 68, no. 2 (November 16, 2023): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2023-68.2-06.
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he concept of „Deaf/Forest Germans” developed on the basis of cultural processes taking place in the Carpathian Foothills in the period from the 14th to the 19th/20th century. The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the biography of this concept and to conduct its etymological analysis based on its oldest known records, mainly from Old Polish manuscripts and old prints. Above all, the authors focus on the source by the 18th-century encyclopedist Benedykt Chmielowski who formulated four definitions of this term. Based on it and other records, and some analogies from the territory of Poland and Slovakia as well, the authors try to answer the question about the nature of the settlement processes taking place in the Carpathian Foothills. Finally, they look at the concept through the prism of its German substitutes (Taubdeutsche and Walddeutsche).
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Korzun, Valentina P., and Valentina Yu Voloshina. "Soviet and Emigrant Historians in the Eyes of P. N. Milyukov (1920s-1940s): Corporate Memory Features." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical Studies 7, no. 1 (25) (July 7, 2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2020.7(1).81-89.
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The article presents the assessment of P. N. Milyukov for Russian historical science of the 20th century through the biographies of its iconic representatives A. A. Kizevetter, S. F. Platonov and M. N. Pokrovsky. The source base was made up of articles and obituaries written by Milyukov and dedicated to the deceased scholars. The specifics of the historiographic Milyukov’ discourse consists of 1) the structural features of the narrative, which includes, the author’s own biography along with the biography of historians; 2) in the criteria for assessing the scientific contribution and prospects for the development of historical scholarship from the point of view of fitting into Moscow or St. Petersburg historical schools. In conclusion of the article the authors named features of the corporate memory of emigrant scientist.
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Mossaki, Nodar Z., and Lana M. Ravandi-Fadai. "Dzhemshid Giunashvili: Georgian from Tehran." Orientalistica 1, no. 3-4 (December 28, 2018): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2018-1-3-4-539-552.
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The article deals with the biography and scholarly achievements of the outstanding Georgian scholar of Iran Dzhemshid Giunashvili (d. 2017). The authors have placed the life of Dzh. Giunashvili into the broad context of the Oriental Studies as scholarly subject in the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet Georgia. Being a Georgian by birth Dzh. Giunashvili also belonged to the culture of Iran; Persian was hismother tongue. This fact contributed to the outstanding position, which he took evenamong the Great Soviet specialists and scholars of Iran in the 20th century. Later in life,Dzh. Giunashvili became the first Georgian Ambassador to Iran.
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Zykov, Eugeny, Maria Merkulova, Alexander Slabukha, Olga Uspenskaya, and Sergey Yamaletdinov. "Architect Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sokolovsky." проект байкал, no. 79 (April 6, 2024): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/77.2302.
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The article introduces readers to the life and creative biography of the outstanding Siberian architect Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sokolovsky on the threshold of his 150th anniversary. The authors describe surviving buildings of the architect in Krasnoyarsk and show the influence of his architecture on the formation of Siberian modern and eclecticism. The article features the role of the architect in the formation and development of the architectural environment of Krasnoyarsk in the first half of the 20th century. It describes the history of two buildings of wooden and stone architecture related to Sokolovsky both as an architect and as a restorer.
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Salikhova, Leila B. "English-language researchers of the 20th century about the events in the North Caucasus in 1917-1921." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 476 (2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/476/8.
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The period from 1917 to 1921 occupies a special place in the history of the North Caucasus. But, despite the fact that the revolutions of 1917 in Russia and their consequences attracted and continue to attract the attention of both native and foreign historians, there were gaps in foreign literature in the border areas of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The aim of the article is to provide an overview and analysis of the works of English-language authors of the 20th century on the subject, their introduction into scholarly use to present a broader and more productive view of the problem. The study was based on the works of the 20th century foreign (Anglophone) researchers, translated by the author of the article. The main scientific methods used in the article were: the method of description, synthesis, analysis, principle of objectivity, etc. The article shows that in the first works of English-language authors material about the events in the North Caucasus was found among memoirs, descriptions of campaigns and military events recorded by military leaders, eyewitnesses and contemporaries of the period. Their attention was attracted by the troops of L. Bicherakhov and A.I. Denikin, actions in the North Caucasus, “ghost governments”, etc. By the middle of the 20th century and in the following years, monographic studies began to appear, in which, along with the study of events in the Transcaucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia), one can also single out material on the North Caucasus. Researchers began to draw on more extensive material, mainly from foreign archives and libraries that had Soviet material. With the collapse of the USSR, interest in the Caucasus increased, and researchers turned to the past of the region to study the processes taking place at the present stage. The works of Anglophone authors provide an opportunity to comprehend the historical background of the peoples of the North Caucasus related to the history of Russia as a whole from the point of view of foreign researchers. Their works contain conclusions about the influence of the events of 1917-1921 in the North Caucasus on changes in the military and political situation in the Caucasus and South Russia. But some of them miss moments associated with the intervention of foreign powers. Nevertheless, the materials of Anglophone researchers significantly complement the history of the period of the Civil War and intervention in the North Caucasus, represent the view of foreign authors.
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Erlihson, Irina M. "THE NEWGATE CALENDAR: PCHYCOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH CRIMINAL BIOGRAPHY OT THE 18TH CENTURY." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 43 (2021): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/43/13.
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The author of the article refers to one of the intellectual aspects of the genesis of English penitentiary reforms of the 18th century. The progressive increase in crime rate, which English society faced in the 18th century, became a popular trend in social discourse, being left off “board” of historical penology that developed till the middle of the 20th century in the line of the normativism approach. Historiographic schools traditionally treated the evolution of English criminal justice system of the 18th century as the history of sanctions and led complicated social processes to forming severe “vertical of subordination”. The dislocation of the vector of historical researches to interdisciplinary anthropological field led to the emergence of new methods of reconstructions of historical world. The author applied theoretical aspects and tools of “cultural-intellectual and new social history” and it helped to consider imperious relationships in the epoch of the reforming of criminal justice system in the mirror of representation in historical narratives in social-cultural context and reality of Great Britain in the 18th century. The aim of the following research is to analyze criminal biographies from the Newgate Calendar for comprehension of the psychology of a crime both in the point of view of its direct subjects and through the prism of literary and personal interpretation. To reach the goal the author solves the following tasks: - considers the phenomenon of crime from the point of view of their subjects, on the one hand, and the public in the search for universal forms of neutralization of criminal aggression and ways of realization of the punishment in the stated period, on the other; - analyzes the criminals’ psychological state and emotional reactions taking into account classical studies in criminal psychology; - shows the specifics of the manifestation and perception of violence and “crime and retribution” interpretation in the social and spiritual-intellectual contexts of the period In the framework of the study, the author resorts to both special historical and source study methods (biographical, historical synthesis, discursive analysis, interpretation of texts and sources), as well as to the tools of related humanitarian disciplines such as psychological anthropology (reconstruction of a criminal biography involving fundamental works of Z. Freud, E. Fromm, Yu.M. Antonyan). We conclude the following: First of all, Newgate histories performed the edifying function, reminding us of the inevitability of punishment and compulsory repentance of a criminal. Moralistic component helped the “Calendar” to create the reputation of reading, elevating the spirit and it frequently held pride of place on the bookshelves near the Bible. Secondly, The Newgate Calendar made the attitude to the essence of violence in human nature as a part of public discourse. It was a successful commercial project of replication of the examples of antisocial behavior: violence, fraud, adultery, sexual inversions were boldly included into the sphere of public representation. In fact, the combination of didactic discourses and narrative passages created compositional structure of every biography in proportion, fitting such criteria as provocativeness of the material, eccentricity of a criminal’s personality and the degree of his discrepancy to conventional social norms.
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Makaryshyn, Nadia. "THE PECULIARITIES OF IRISHISMS IN IRISH ENGLISH WITHIN THE PERIOD OF THE IRISH LITERARY REVIVAL (END OF THE 19TH – BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (February 27, 2020): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-211-214.
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The article deals with the analysis of borrowings from the Irish language in Irish English within the period of the Irish literary revival (end of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century) borrowed in the context of linguo-cultural communication. The article also examines the factors that affect the dynamics and productivity of such borrowings, among which – the absence of competitive equivalents in English, a necessity to establish social contacts between English and Irish speakers and cultures, the revival of Irish autochthonous elements, and others. Four main historic periods of borrowings in the course of Anglo-Irish contacts are schematically outlined with the article concentrating on the third period, i.e. the Gaelic Revival. The material for the article is based on the literary texts of the English-speaking Irish authors of late 19th and early 20th cc. (William Butler Yeats, Isabella Augusta Gregory (Lady Gregory), George William Russell (alias AE) and John Millington Synge). The peculiar features of Irish borrowings, their use and functions were examined as well. The expedience for a further study of borrowing tendencies and assimilation of Irish vocabulary in Irish English was substantiated, which would contribute to understanding the mechanisms and consequences of linguistic and cultural interaction in Ireland.
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ZEVAKHINA, TATIANA, and MARGARITA M. PHILIPPOVA. "ON ONE MARKEMOLOGICAL STUDY, OR CAN FOUR CENTURIES OF ENGLISH LITERATURE BE REDUCED TO TWO KEYWORDS." Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no. 1, 2024 (February 17, 2024): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2024-47-01-9.
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We turn to Olga Artyomova’s research done in the school of markemology at Voronezh State University. The task of the research was to single out the keywords of the 17th-20th century English literature. Selecting 16 prose-writers of each half a century, the author undertakes a quantitative analysis of the resulting corpus of texts. The choice of materials, methodology, the terminology used, and 50 keywords (‘markemes’) for each author got through calculations are studied in the paper. Artyomova determines the so-called “straight-through” markemes common for each half a century and specifically - markemes common for all the four centuries. Both the scientific approach and the results obtained are evaluated. The authors’ own experiments are described carried out to specify the functioning of the word stock of Anglo-Saxon and Romance origin in random extracts from the works of three authors figuring in the research: O. Wilde, G. Orwell and I. Murdoch. Besides, the vocabulary of one novel by each of these authors was subjected to computer analysis to find out the correlation of Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) and Romance nouns.
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Memišević, Ehlimana. "Book Review: <em>Derviš M. Korkut: A Biography—Rescuer of the Sarajevo Haggadah</em>." Genocide Studies and Prevention 17, no. 1 (July 2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.17.1.1939.
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At the beginning of 2020, the Sarajevo-based publishing house El-Kalem, released a biography of Derviš M. Korkut, a Bosniak hero, to whom Yad Vashem posthumously awarded Righteous among the Nations on December 14, 1994. Winston Churchill's words, with which the author begins the biography—that the Balkans produce more history than they can handle—best describe the difficult times in which Korkut lived. For Korkut and his fellow Bosnians, these difficult times lasted from the beginning of the 20th century to its very end. The book is based on exhaustive archival research and reconstructs Korkut’s life very precisely, while the concise overview of the historical circumstances of the 20th century in the Balkans, and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, allows a better understanding of his actions. His defense of his Jewish neighbors began early when the Minister of Interior of the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, Milorad Drašković, initiated a procedure for the disenfranchisement of Yugoslav Jews. Korkut took part in the campaign against Drašković’s policies, publicly condemned such a policy, and gave a speech in the town of Derventa, in favor of the Jews When, at the beginning of 1942, Nazi General Johann Hans Fortner came to the National Museum, demanding the handover of the Haggadah—a 15th-century Jewish manuscript brought to Bosnia and Herzegovina by Sephardic Jews who settled in Sarajevo, then part of the Ottoman Empire—Korkut managed to save the Haggadah, risking his own life in doing so (p. 40). Shortly after rescuing the Haggadah, a friend asked Korkut to help a Jewish girl, Donkica Papo (later Mira Baković), whose parents had already been sent to an Ustasha camp. After spending several months hiding in Korkut’s house, he managed to obtain forged documents for her and save her. In 1994, while Bosnia and Herzegovina was ravaged once again by the war, Mira Baković wrote to Yad Vashem, explaining how Derviš and his wife Servet Korkut had saved both her life and the Haggadah. Yad Vashem posthumously awarded him “Righteous Among the Nations” on December 14, 1994 at the Israeli Embassy in Paris (p. 63). This poignant, well-written biography shows not only a life of a truly remarkable man, but also how difficult times throughout the 20th century, reflected on the people in Bosnia and Herzegovina and how they tried to respond to them by preserving the unique Bosnian multi-ethnic, multi-confessional, and multicultural community. The story of Derviš M.Korkut’s life, marked by courage, perseverance, and resistance needs to be given the place in collective memory that it deserves, a task this book achieves. Written in English and thus available to a wider readership, it not only pays tribute to Derviš M. Korkut, but also sheds light on the Sarajevo he sought to preserve at the risk of his life.
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Vanderlippe, John M. "METIN HEPER, İsmet İnönü: The Making of a Turkish Statesman, Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998). Pp. 280." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 4 (November 2000): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002816.
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İsmet İnönü had one of the longest public careers of any statesman of the 20th century, serving as soldier, diplomat, revolutionary, prime minister, president, and party leader in a career that spanned eight decades, from the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 to his retirement from politics, at age 88, a year before his death in 1973. Moreover, for most of his career, İnönü was at the very center of the events and decisions that shaped the Turkish Republic and its involvement in regional and global affairs. But as Metin Heper points out in his eloquent study of İnönü's career, this is a “neglected statesman.” One of the major lacunae of Western studies of modern Turkish history has been an English-language biography of İ smet İnönü. Heper's study is not a biography as such, but it has three main goals: to cover İnönü's entire career; to explore how his self-education and personality shaped his views on the state and democracy, and thus his policies; and to present a picture of İnönü free of the deification or vilification that marks much of the existing scholarship (p. ix).
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Матрусова, А. Н., and А. А. Соломонова. "PUSHKIN - AN IMAGE AND A PRECEDENT PHENOMENON IN RUSSIAN SONG TEXTS OF THE 20TH–21ST CENTURIES." Russkii iazyk za rubezhom, no. 2(303) (April 24, 2024): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37632/pi.2024.303.2.006.
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В статье поднимается вопрос о функционировании имени Пушкина как прецедентного феномена в русской песенной поэзии от второй трети ХХ века до первой четверти XXI века. Отмечается, что прецедентность самого имени органично сочетается с использованием цитат пушкинских текстов, отсылками к биографии поэта и культурному контексту как Пушкинской, так и современной эпохи. В связи с этим авторы приходят к выводу, что потенциал прецедентности таких имен, как Пушкин, не снижается, а, скорее, наоборот, нарастает по мере изменения и раскрепощения текстовой песенной культуры современного русскоязычного пространства. The article raises the question of the functioning of the name Pushkin as a precedent phenomenon in Russian song poetry from the second third of the 20th century to the first quarter of the 21st century. It is noted that the precedent nature of the name itself is organically combined with the use of quotations from Pushkin’s texts, references to the poet’s biography and the cultural context of both Pushkin and the modern era. In this regard, the authors come to the conclusion that the precedent potential of such names as Pushkin does not decrease, but rather, on the contrary, increases as the textual song culture of the modern Russian-speaking space changes and becomes emancipated.
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Zhang, Tingting. "Chiński przekład "Pana Tadeusza". Historia, fenomen, problemy i inspiracje." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 55, no. 2 (November 4, 2022): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.703.
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The aim of this paper is to describe the reception of the literature of Polish Romanticism in China, as well as its long and winding road to the Middle Kingdom. The article addresses the ideological beginnings of the existence of Adam Mickiewicz’s works in the consciousness of Chinese people. The author analyses two translations of Pan Tadeusz into Chinese, made during the first half of the 20th century. Information about Polish Romanticism and the works of its most eminent representatives reached China at a very crucial historical moment for the Middle Kingdom, almost immediately arousing the interest of the elites. However, the same historical causes that triggered the fascination with the works of the Polish Romanticists also led to a distortion and ideologization of its reception, which persisted until 1955, when the first translation of Pan Tadeusz appeared in Chinese. However, that translation was made from English and written in prose. This changed at the end of the 20th century, when a second translation of the poem, written in verse, appeared. Despite the passage of time and the efforts of translators, the reception of the literature of Polish Romanticism and the knowledge of Adam Mickiewicz's biography is still incomplete. On the other hand, this can be an impulse for further research in translation and literary studies.
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Veligorsky, Georgy A. "‘Annihilating All That’s Made / Reducing to a Green Thought in a Green Shade’: Allusions from Metaphysical Poets in the English ‘Estate Text’ of the 20th – 21st Centuries (M. Gatty, J. H. Ewing, K. Grahame, F. H. Burnett et al.)." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 69 (2023): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2023-69-257-267.
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The paper examines the influence of English metaphysical poets of the 16th – 17th centuries (A. Marvell, G. Vaughan, T. Traherne, J. Herbert) on the children’s “estate” novel of the Victorian era. The author conducts analysis for what purpose the children’s writers (M. Gatty, J. H. Ewing et al.) introduce the appropriate intertext into their novels and stories (to emphasize the unsteadiness of the world; to create “volatile” nostalgic images; depicting the estate as an earthly paradise, etc.). The study discusses the quotes they use (both as epigraphs and inclusions in the fabric of the narrative), as well as considers how these ideas were perceived by English “estate” authors of the 20th century (K. Grahame, F. H. Burnett, Ph. Pearce, et al.). The paper pays special attention to the novel “Under the Salisbury Spire” by E. Marshall, the first novel for children, where a poet, a representative of the “metaphysical school”, is introduced as one of the main characters. The research also touches upon the reception of metaphysical works in Russian literature of the middle of the 20th century, associated with the estate theme (works by A. A. Akhmatova, V. V. Nabokov, N. A. Zabolotsky, et al.).
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Bocharov, Taras S., and Petr P. Kozorezenko. "Relevance of the Study of Forgotten and Little-known Artists of the Russian Landscape School on the Example of Mikhail Germashev." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 18, no. 3 (June 10, 2022): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2022-18-3-64-70.
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The article deals with studying the creative work of little-known Russian artists on the example of a brief biography and creative path of Moscow landscape painter Mikhail Germashev (1867–1930). The late 19th - early 20th century period, in which Germashev showed himself most clearly, is covered. The authors analyse why this or that artist came to the periphery of the attention of culture lovers and art historians, highlighting the merits of the artistic manner of one of the forgotten Russian masters. The article describes the distinctive features of Germashev's creative style, his strong artistic connection with the Moscow region and the capital. Separately, it is said about the attempt of regional researchers to introduce unknown names into the scientific context and the forthcoming publication of a book about artist Germashev.
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Solnyshkina, Marina I., Olga G. Palutina, Elsara V. Gafiyatova, and Amina F. Merzlyakova. "THE IMAGE OF THE CITY OF KAZAN IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH DISCOURSE: THE CASE OF GOOGLE BOOKS CORPUS." ISSUES OF ETHNOPOLITICS, no. 2 (2020): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-7041-2020-2-114-130.
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The article presents a cross-lingual diachronic analysis of the linguistic image of Kazan recorded in Russian and English Corpora of Google Books within the period between years 1800 and 2019. The material of the research comprises 6236 texts in the Russian subcorpus and 9858 texts in the English subcorpus compiled for the study. The frequency of onym ‘Казань’ was the highest in early 19th and 20th centuries, while that of ‘Kazan’ – in late 20th century. The range of lexical patterns of both Russian English contexts of the studied words is wide with predominantly neutral and, in rare cases, negative connotations in the past, while modern contexts are most notably positive and neutral. In both languages subcorpora, the highest context frequency is registered for the words belonging to the following thematic groups: “City”, “Historical personality”, “Landscape”, “Religion”, as well as verbs denoting acquisition of an object and adjectives denoting time. The range of typical semantic roles of the onyms ‘Казань’ and ‘Kazan’ during the period studied, 1800–2019, widens from Locative and Patient in the texts of the 19th century to Agent, Posessor, Experiencer in the 20th and 21st centuries. The latter is caused by changes in the national and global arena and the role of Kazan in the country and the world. The research shows that, in the modern discourse, the word collocates with the verbs denoting activity, verbal behavior, physical action, and struggle. The article also provides the authors’ insights into the limitations of the corpus used as the source of research.
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VOLKOV, Alexey, and MARINA SYRBU. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN’S LOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL TREATISE ON CORNELIUS CARDEW’S WORKS." Studia Humanitatis 23, no. 2 (July 2022): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2022.3821.
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The article studies the influence of The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (Logical and Philosophical Treatise) by Ludwig Wittgenstein, an Austrian philosopher of the 20th century, on the works of an English composer Cornelius Cardew, who created a musical composition “Treatise”. The authors of the article show that Wittgenstein sought to fix the relationship between language and reality by defining the limits of science, and Cardew’s musical “Treatise” is a similar attempt to reveal the relationship between language and perception while defining the boundaries of music.
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Brannigan, John, Marcela Santos Brigida, Thayane Verçosa, and Gabriela Ribeiro Nunes. "Thinking in Archipelagic Terms: An Interview with John Brannigan." Palimpsesto - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UERJ 20, no. 35 (May 13, 2021): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/palimpsesto.2021.59645.
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John Brannigan is Professor at the School of English, Drama and Film at University College Dublin. He has research interests in the twentieth-century literatures of Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales, with a particular focus on the relationships between literature and social and cultural identities. His first book, New Historicism and Cultural Materialism (1998), was a study of the leading historicist methodologies in late twentieth-century literary criticism. He has since published two books on the postwar history of English literature (2002, 2003), leading book-length studies of working-class authors Brendan Behan (2002) and Pat Barker (2005), and the first book to investigate twentieth-century Irish literature and culture using critical race theories, Race in Modern Irish Literature and Culture (2009). His most recent book, Archipelagic Modernism: Literature in the Irish and British Isles, 1890-1970 (2014), explores new ways of understanding the relationship between literature, place and environment in 20th-century Irish and British writing. He was editor of the international peer-reviewed journal, Irish University Review, from 2010 to 2016.
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Бажанов, Валентин Александрович, and Irving H. Anellis. "Image of Soviet and Russian logic in the West. Latter Half of the XXth Century." Logical Investigations 27, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2021-27-2-133-152.
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The article attempts to overview Western scientific knowledge of research in mathematical logic and its history in the USSR and Russia in the first half of the 20th century. We claim that Western scholars followed and were generally aware of the main works of their Soviet and Russian colleagues on mathematical logic and its history. It was possible, firstly, due to the fact that a number of Western scientists knew the Russian language, and, secondly, because Soviet and Russian logicians published their works in English (sometimes in German) in the original journals of mathematical logic or Soviet publishing houses (mainly Mir Publishers) translated Soviet authors into English. Thus, the names of A.G. Dragalin, Yu.L. Ershov, A.S. Karpenko, A.N. Kolmogorov, Z.A. Kuzicheva, Yu.I. Manin, S.Yu. Maslov, F.A. Medvedev, G.E. Mints, V.N. Salii, V.A. Smirnov, A.A. Stolyar, N.I. Styazhkin, V.A. Uspensky, I.M. Yaglom, S.A. Yanovskaya, A.P. Yushkevich, A.A. Zinov’ev were quite known to their Western counterparts. With the dawn of perestroika, contacts of Soviet / Russian logicians expanded significantly. Nevertheless, the analysis of Western works on mathematical logic and the history of logic suggests that by the end of the 20th century the interest of Western scientists in the works of their Russian colleagues had noticeably waned.
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Vanlandschoot, Romain. "Dom Arnoldus Smits (1914-2005)." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 65, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 86–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v65i2.12620.
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Dom Arnoldus Smits (1914-2005). Historian of the break up of the Low Countries and biographer of Modest Van AsscheArnold Smits, who had a Dutch Pan-Netherlandic background, became a Flemish nationalist Benedictine monk at the abbey of Saint Peter of Steenbrugge near Bruges. He was also a historian, renowned for his four-part study 1830 and the break up of the Low Countries and for his biography of the Flemish nationalist abbot Dom Modestus Van Assche.Romain Vanlandschoot describes the chequered life and career of Smits and also takes this opportunity to depict the abbey: it was not only scientifically renowned for editing Corpus Christianorum, the study of the authentic texts by early Christian authors, but it was also a location where during a significant part of the 20th century the different tendencies within Flemish nationalism confronted each other.
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Hernández-Socha, Yuirubán. "Positioning English as the international language during the Interamerican scientific integration: the role of multilingualism in defining the scope of a scientific journal in the mid-20th century." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2023, no. 282 (July 1, 2023): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2021-0129.
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Abstract Caldasia, a journal published by the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, was the arena of language tensions originating in scientific exchanges in the mid-20th century at a time when English was in the process of affirming its place as the lingua franca of science. In the 1940s, the journal showed indications of a multilingual process reflected in the considerable presence of US authors and their articles in English published in its pages. This paper examines Caldasia’s communication circuit, specifically the negotiations that emerged between the editor and US researchers when deciding on the most appropriate language for publishing the articles. Selecting the language of the articles was considered by them as a critical element in determining the geographical scope of the journal, positioning Caldasia as a regional or international journal. This analysis demonstrates how the tension between multilingual repertoires and linguistic ideologies was experienced in Caldasia. The editor promoted Caldasia as a multilingual journal and to reach this objective the editor managed the multilingual repertoires of the authors in the journal. The case of Caldasia indicates that the Anglicization process of science in the XX century required intense scientific contacts carried out in non-English-speaking spaces; multilingualism was one of the strategies by which English became a globally accepted language.
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Selitrina, T. L. "John Fowles’s diaries as a creative biography of the writer." Philology and Culture, no. 3 (October 5, 2023): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2023-73-3-175-181.
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J. Fowles’s diaries illustrate the emergence of the creative career of the prominent 20th-century English writer. In Russian science, there is an opinion that Fowles’s oeuvre belongs to postmodernism. However, Fowles persistently separated himself from postmodernism. A thorough study of his diaries testifies that with all the variety of themes and images and the abundance of the techniques of artistic representation of reality, the key issue of his works was the theme of the individual gaining self-awareness as a necessary condition for achieving freedom. His diaries can be considered as a compact documentary and fictional work, as a presentation of the principles of literary development and its continuity. Fowles’s diary is a peculiar confession of a young man, his creative pursuits and doubts of self–determination in society and life. In his aesthetic principles Fowles focuses on the classical tradition of literature in the 18th–19th centuries. Continuing the tradition of Rousseau, Fowles creates a model of a man who is characterized by the cult of emotions and nature. For Fowles, the world of art is the world of spirituality. Fowles’s diaries allow us to consider the attitude of the autobiographical protagonist to important phenomena of public life. In his diaries, special attention is paid to the topics of time, memory and nature. The diary of John Fowles describes the process of the person’s psychological formation with a real chronotope, with an analytical, informative and aesthetically rich word.
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Adorno, Rolena. "On Western Waters: Anglo-American Nonfictional Narrative in the Nineteenth Century." Daedalus 141, no. 1 (January 2012): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00129.
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Anglo-American westward expansion provided a major impulse to the development of the young United States' narrative tradition. Early U.S. writers also looked to the South, that is, to the Spanish New World and, in some cases, to Spain itself. Washington Irving's “A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus” (1828), the first full-length biography of the admiral in English, inaugurated the trend, and Mark Twain's “Life on the Mississippi” (1883) transformed it by focusing on the life and lives of the Mississippi River Valley and using an approach informed by Miguel de Cervantes's “Don Quijote de la Mancha.” From Irving's “discovery of America” to Twain's tribute to the disappearing era of steamboat travel and commerce on the Mississippi, the tales about “western waters,” told via their authors' varied engagements with Spanish history and literature, constitute a seldom acknowledged dimension in Anglo-America's nonfictional narrative literary history.
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Lis, Tomasz Jacek. "Bośniaccy muzułmanie w opinii Polaków i Czechów na przełomie XIX i XX wieku (do wybuchu I wojny światowej)." Bracia, wrogowie, renegaci. Słowiańszczyzna i muzułmanie na Bałkanach w xix i xx w. 150, no. 2 (2023): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.23.019.17956.
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Bosnian Muslims as viewed by Poles and Czechs at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (until the outbreak of World War I) The article presents Poles’ and Czechs’ opinions on Bosnian Muslims at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Historians would often use the diaries of English, German, French, and Russian travellers while similar sources by the authors from different countries were rarely analyzed. The article focuses above all on the Austro-Hungarian period, its starting point, however, are the times under the weakening Ottoman rule. Under the Habsburg administration, the society of Bosnia and Herzegovina was being modernized, and the nationalistic processes were being initiated. Poles and Czechs were present in Bosnia as officials, traders, teachers, etc. The primary sources for this article are their travel diaries.
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Panov, Alexei A., and Ivan V. Rosanoff. "Performing Ornaments in English Harpsichord Music. Part II." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 4–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.101.
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This article continues a series of publications on problems pertaining to performing ornaments on keyboard musical instruments in England of the 17th–18th centuries according to historical documents of that time. The authors consider the history of the publication of the ornamentation table with thirteen embellishments compiled by Charles Coleman and published in the treatises The Division-Violist by Christopher Simpson (1659) and A Brief Introduction to the Skill of Musick by John Playford (1660). Among other matters, various aspects in the Rules of Graces worded by Henry Purcell (A Choice Collection of Lessons for the Harpsichord or Spinnet, 1696) are discussed. In particular, in the table published by Simpson, special attention is paid to a comprehensive review of the realization of such ornaments as “[The] Backfall shaked” and “[The] Shaked Beat”. In “Rules of Graces” contained in Purcell’s A Choice Collection, the authors turned to the ornaments called “[The] beat” and “a plain note & shake”, as well as to the following well-known instruction formulated by the famous musician: “observe that you allway’s shake from the note above and beat from ye note or half note below, according to the key you play in <…>”. In the course of the research, numerous errors and inaccuracies were discovered and noted in the scientific and reference-encyclopedic literature of the 20th century concerning the interpretation of ornaments in England in the second half of the 17th century and in the content of English musical treatises of that time.
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Nikishina, Nina A., Evgeny R. Boyko, Aleksandr V. Ivanov, Mariya A. Zatolokina, Apollinariya A. Lapshina, and Ekaterina A. Zyukina. "TO THE MEMORY OF PROFESSOR RAFAIL BOYKO - TO 90 YEARS ANNIVERSARY." Morphological newsletter 31, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.2023.31(1).752.
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The article is devoted to the biography of professor Rafail Boyko, Doctor of medical sciences, histologist, endocrinologist, Learner of Professor Boris Alyoshin, who made a significant contribution to the teaching of histology, embryology and cytology in soviet medical schools in the second half of the 20th century. He headed the Department of Histology and Embryology of the Izhevsk State Medical Institute (1972-1977), the Department of Histology and Embryology of the Kursk State Medical Institute (1977-1980), the Department of Physiology of the Kherson State University (1981-1995). Professor Rafail Boyko had a significant impact on the development of scientific morphological research and the formation of the scientific community in Russia and Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to restore the history of the formation of Russian science and the scientific morphological school of the outstanding Russian histologists Boris Lavrentiev - Boris Alyoshin, analysis of the scientific works of Professor Rafail Boyko, determination of his contribution to the development of the scientific community of morphologists and endocrinologists in Russia and Ukraine and to the system of higher medical education. The subject of the research in the article was the scientific biography of the scientist, histologist, physiologist and endocrinologist Rafail Boyko, one of the representatives of the famous scientific morphological school of histology. The object of the study was the scientific work of Rafail Boyko in 60th - 70th of 20th century. The research methods are based on comparative-historical, biographical, historical-scientific and documentary-retrospective research methods. The authors of the article prove the contribution of Professor Rafail Boyko in the development of the scientific community of morphologists and endocrinologists in Russia and Ukraine, in the structure and function of the hypothalamic-pituitary system and peripheral endocrine glands, in the development of histochemical and immunochemical research methods. He became one of the first researchers who stained and described the structure of adenohypophysis cells synthesizing adrenocorticotropic hormone. Authors show the contribution of Rafail Boyko in the development of the system of higher medical education in Russia and research centers in Ukraine and that the results of published scientific research by Professor Rafail Boyko are relevant at the present time.
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Kabytov, P. S., and O. B. Leontieva. "Julius Martov and His Times [Review: Litvin A.L., Urilov I.Kh. Julius Martov. A History of Life and Work. 1873–1923. Moscow, Sobranie, 2021. (In Russian)]." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 164, no. 6 (2022): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2022.6.229-237.
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This review focuses on the problematics, structure, and key points of A.L. Litvin and I.Kh. Urilov’s major monograph on the history of the life and work of Julius Osipovich Martov (1873–1923), the prominent Russian revolutionary and the leader of the Mensheviks. It reads as a historical biography in the context of the political events that occurred in Russia during the early 20th century. Of special interest is the specific approach employed by the authors: in order to build a psychological portrait of the main character, they refer to a variety of diverse sources, emphasize the pivotal moments in his life, and hunt for the driving force behind his actions. The analysis of Ju. Martov’s fate lifts the curtain on the history of the social democratic movement in Russia as a choice made between an authoritarian and democratic model of political order. The authors reflect on the importance of adhering to moral principles in politics. The monograph is highly relevant and useful for reconstructing the development of socialist ideas and their influence on the world order.
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Żabski, Tadeusz. "The Mode of Being of Popular Literature in the 20th Century." Literatura i Kultura Popularna 29 (May 17, 2024): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.29.23.
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The article is devoted to the functioning of literature (and, more broadly, cultural texts) in popular circulation and the transformation of their role in the 20th century. The starting point for the analysis is the link between commercialisation (as an immanent feature of the ‘lowbrow’ circulation) and the artistic quality of the output that is part of it. The examples of the phenomena under discussion come from different linguistic milieux. This highlights the transnational nature of popular works, which feature invariant solutions to plots. In these two contradictory yet simultaneous tendencies can be observed: schematisation and de-schematisation, which renews conventionalised solutions. The author also emphasises the role of English-language works in the creation of figures of the collective imagination. Their presence in the minds of readers and the transformations they undergo with the development of industrial society and urbanisation processes can be traced from the late 19th century to the 1990s. That is why the 20th century — a period of intense expansion of popular culture — is a cohesive cultural entity with distinguishable individual periods. They are usually associated with socio-political crises, with stories becoming a cultural response to them and, at the same time, their artistic reception in the imaginarium communis. In addition, this is a time of technological progress, significantly affecting the distribution and media-based mediation of cultural texts in popular circulation. Literature has ceased to be a ‘separate phenomenon’ in it, hence the need to look at it as a part of a larger whole, with which it enters into various relationships. The domination of English-language output during the analysed period is associated with the global hegemony of the Anglo-American entertainment model. At the same time — in the works available to Polish-speaking readers — its ‘over-presence’ stems from the appearance after 1989 of a large number of translations, which have significantly influenced domestic pop-culture; moreover, their popularity in the reality of the free market economy has been determined by the read- ers themselves with their purchasing choices. It is hard to speak in this situation of the existence of national models of popular culture, although undeniably there are authors who dominate the local publishing markets. And yet they, too, exist in the context of the global pop culture industry.
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Sikorska, Marta, and Aleksandra Sylburska. "The struggle of Polish feminist organisations to obtain the vote for women across the spectrum of Central Europe." Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku 26 (December 30, 2023): 43–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2080-8313.26.03.
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The article presents the history of Polish feminist movements against the background of similar organizations in Bohemia and Hungary in 19th and 20th century. It describes their founders and members, cooperation between them and methods of activity leading to obtaining voting rights for women. Depicting similarities and differences between them, the article explains the complexity of factors creating the feminist movement in Central Europe. Their main goal was achieved only after the First World War. The authors mainly use texts by Polish feminists and literature in Polish, English, Czech and Hungarian. They used the comparative method during analysing the sources.
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Kurbatov, Sergiy Volodymirovych, and Mariya Mikhaylivna Rohozha. "University Mission in Western-European Culture (Ethical and Sociological Aspects) P. ІІ." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 26, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2020-26-1-7.
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The paper by Sergiy Kurbatov and Mariya Rohozha “The Mission of University in the Western European Culture”(Part II) is devoted to the analyses of transformation of the university as social institution and cultural phenomenon in our time, which we started at the first part of this paper, that was published in “Philosophy of Education”, 2017, № 2 (21)). If the previous paper of these authors included a long chronological period from the origin of the university in late Medieval time up to the 20th century, the current paper is concentrated on analyses of radical challenges, that university faced at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. For example, such popular in contemporary English language literature concept as the end (or the death) of university is observed. The authors tried to analyze sociological attempts to measure the main university activities in the form of international university rankings and the possibilities to develop in Ukraine the ideal models of university, which any system of university rankings have. The special stress was made on the influence of COVID 19 pandemic on transformative processes and institutional development of universities in the nearest future. The main challenges of the 21st century are crucial for the university, because this institution lost monopoly of producing and distribution of advanced knowledge for the first time in history. From the tactic viewpoint, university is less competitive than the different training programs and online courses, it is too conservative and bureaucratic one. But the authors think that in strategic perspective university has a chance for renovation, proving the old maxima that the values and spiritual dimensions of being and the relevant environment are crucial for human being. Almost the millennium of university history proves its ability to pass through the dramatic historical transformation and to continue to maintain its essence.
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Sakaeva, Liliya Radikovna, Rina R. Ganieva, and Roman Evgenievich Shkilev. "The nature of syntactic relations reflected by word order in sentences in the novels." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-A (December 14, 2020): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-a573p.148-156.
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The topicality of the problem investigated is caused by necessity of studying the syntactic system of languages which is in line with main trends in modern linguistics. The aim of the research is to study the nature of syntactic relations expressed by word order in sentences in speech of authors and characters in the work of the 20th century American writer J.D. Salinger ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ and the work of the 21st century American writer L. Groff ‘Fates and Furies’. The following objectives of the study contribute to the achievement of the aim: to consider the rules of word order in a sentence in English; to study the works devoted to the study of syntax of a sentence; to analyze the syntactic structure of sentences in authors’ and characters’ speech in the novels «The Catcher in the Rye» by J.D. Salinger and «Fates and Furies» by L. Groff.
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Laplante, Benoît, Caia Miller, and Paskall Malherbe. "The Evolution of Beliefs and Opinions on Matters related to Marriage and Sexual Behaviour among French-speaking Catholic Quebecers and English-speaking Protestant Ontarians." Canadian Studies in Population 33, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6b31h.
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The authors argue that the important changes in behaviour related to family and sexual life that were seen in Quebec during the second half of the 20th century are a consequence of a major transformation of the foundation of the normative system shared by the members of Quebec’s main socio-religious group, Frenchspeaking Catholics. Using data from Gallup polls, the authors compare the evolution of the opinions of French-speaking Quebec Catholics and Englishspeaking Ontario Protestants on matters related to sexual and family behaviour from the 1950s to the beginning of the 2000s. The general result is that the evolution of the differences between the two groups is compatible with the hypothesis.
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Seregina, Anna. "The “Life of Lady Falkland”: a biography or a conversion story?" Adam & Eve. Gender History Review, no. 29 (2021): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2307-8383-2021-29-265-281.
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The article presents an introduction to a first Russian translation of the “Life of Lady Falkland” written in the mid-17th century by the nuns of the English Benedictine Abbey at Cambrai (the Cary sisters), which told the life of their mother, Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess of Falkland – a translator, poet and polemicist, and also a Catholic convert. It has been argued that the “Life” combines the traits of biography and conversion story, and that the conversions described there – of Lady Falkland and her children fell into the category of the so-called “intellectual conversions” brought about by reading books and debating the fine points of religious doctrines. “Intellectual conversions’ were seen to be reserved to men. However, the Cary sisters used this model to establish their position within the Cambrai religious community, which consisted of many nuns with wide intellectual interests. The authors of the “Life” also demonstrated that intellectual efforts of their mother led to conversions of others to Catholicism, thus making her a Catholic missionary in all but a name.
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Osokina, Svetlana, and Olga Afanaseva. "History and Current State of the Plain English Concept in Legal Linguistics in English-Speaking Countries." Legal Linguistics, no. 29(40) (October 1, 2023): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/leglin(2023)2913.
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The article deals with the history and current state of the Plain English concept. The material presented in the article has theoretical and practical value for the development of relevant areas of research related to the Russian language. The subject under discussion is the history and theoretical provisions of the concept of Plain English, as well as an analysis of the potential for the development of the Plain Language concept in future.
The objectives of the study include investigation into the premises and origin of the Plain English concept from both perspectives – legal linguistics and other related fields – as well as the study of the linguistic content of this concept in the paradigm of contemporary research.
The article considers the interrelation between the concepts of Forensic Linguistics, Legal Linguistics, and Judicial Linguistics in American, European, and Russian linguistics, respectively. The authors reveal linguistic and extra-linguistic prerequisites for the formation of the Plain language concept in the USA and European countries in the 20th century. They describe language means of adapting legal texts into plain language texts listed in the analyzed Plain English handbooks and consider some prospects for the development of the concept in the future.
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Mockienė, Liudmila, and Sigita Rackevičienė. "Sources of one-word terms used in UK and Lithuanian constitutional law acts." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 7 (February 23, 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2015.17498.
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The article addresses the issues of formation of legal terminology in Lithuanian and English. The terminology of Lithuanian law started to be formed at the beginning of the 20th century. Its development has been influenced by several political upheavals and has undergone considerable changes. Since new legal terms are constantly created, it is worthwhile to compare and contrast Lithuanian term formation tendencies with term formation traditions in other languages. Contrastive research not only reveals peculiarities of term formation in different languages, but allows researchers to see native terminology in a new light and assessing it more objectively. In this article, the Lithuanian constitutional law terms are compared with the English constitutional law terminology that has a long history dating back to the 13th century. The article analyses the sources and means of formation that have been used for the creation of Lithuanian and UK constitutional law terms and reveals important differences in legal term formation in these two languages. The authors expect that the findings of the research will provide useful information to the developers of Lithuanian legal terminology, as well as to the users of Lithuanian and English legal terms.
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Alonso-Almeida, Francisco, and Mª Isabel González-Cruz. "Exploring Male and Female Voices through Epistemic Modality and Evidentiality in Some Modern English Travel Texts on the Canaries." Research in Language 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2012): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-011-0031-z.
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This article describes authorial voice through evidential and epistemic sentential devices in a corpus of 19th and early 20th century travel texts. The corpus contains four works written by female travellers and the other four by men. Therefore, apart from providing a catalogue of the strategies deployed by the authors in order to mark modality and evidentiality, we also report on expected differences in their frequencies of use in relation to the writer’s gender. In addition, the interest of this study lies in the fact that, to the best of our knowledge, no research on writer stance has previously been carried out in texts belonging to the genre of travel writing.
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FU, Frank H. "Practice and Impact of the Humanics Philosophy of Springfield College in China in the 20th Century." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.131316.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The paper will attempt first to define humanics from the Springfield College and Western perspectives, followed by the Chinese perspectives.
The perception and application of the humanics philosophy in the Chinese culture would be discussed in terms of the traditional and contemporary cultures. It was then highlighted by presenting the biography of John Ma (1882-1966), a Springfield College alumnus in the 1920s, and his role model in the promotion and delivery of the humanics philosophy at Tsinghua University and Mainland China. The possible role of the 2008 Beijing Olympics in promoting better international understanding and world peace was elaborated and future strategies to promoting the "study of man in his wholeness" and the humanics philosophy of the College were also presented.
本文試從美國春田大學及西方的思想，再配合中國的概念闡釋「人文哲學」。在中國文化中，這個理念及其實踐可以從傳統和近代的角度來討論。講者介紹二十年代春田大學畢業生馬約翰先生的生平(1882-1996)，他如何作為典範，並在北京清華大學及中國各地推廣及落實這個理念。此外，北京藉著舉辦2008年奥運會的契機，能夠擴闊國際視野及提倡世界和平，進一步研究 「全人敎育」與春田大學「人文哲學」在華的未來發展策略。
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Karpukhina, Viktoriia N. "National Identity and a Literary Canon in British Tradition of the 20th Century." Studia Litterarum 8, no. 1 (2023): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2023-8-1-178-197.
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The author of the article investigates the problem of a literary canon changing in the situation of installing the multilingual writers’ texts into literary tradition. The texts under consideration are the literary and publicistic works by Joseph Rudyard Kipling and John Robert Fowles, the writers acknowledged classical beyond Britain but appreciated as the mass literature authors in the United Kingdom. The paper aims at revealing the reasons and the consequences of installing the Rudyard Kipling’s and John Fowles’s texts into the literary canon, and at defining how the multilingualism and multiculturalism of these writers is connected with their interpretation of the notions of “Englishness” and “Britishness.” Anglo-Indian Kipling’s axiological priorities are the hierarchy of the text characters depending on their national and cultural characteristics and creating the unique author’s multicultural mythology. The key axiological principle of Fowles is understanding of the priority of French culture over the English one and creating the specific sample of an ideal representative of “Englishness,” who is the cosmopolitan lonely rebel with a strong artistic sense. Fowles’s national and cultural identity is shown in his stories and novels with the communicative fragments in different languages to create a very complex multicultural conceptual landscape, often ironical.
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Hála, Peter. "The Slovak Stories of Timrava and their English Translation." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9kg9s.
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Božena Slančíková Timrava (1867-1951) is an eminent Slovak writer. Her highly regarded realistic novels dealt with the rise of the modern Slovak nation. The intricate historical circumstances of the early 20th century, and the eventual emergence of the Slovak nation within complex European culture, made Timrava’s effort even more important. Due to the multicultural nature of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Timrava’s work is also meaningful in our trans-national and trans-cultural Global village. Timrava and other Slovak literary women were virtually unknown outside Slovakia until the extensive work done by Professor Norma L. Rudinsky (1928-2012), whose translation of six “Slovak stories by Timrava” was published in1992. However to truly understand and appreciate the importance of Timrava’s work, the English-speaking reader needed cultural and historical context. Rudinsky’s life-long effort culminated in the publication of “Incipient Feminists: Women Writers in theSlovak National Revival,” which was meant as a preamble to the works of Timrava for the English-speaking world. This paper introduces the life and work of Timrava within the intricate historical context of Slovak nation-building. It further outlines the importance of Rudinsky’s work and describes some interesting aspects of her translation. Attempting to present a practical cultural and historical approach to translation, the paper stresses the significance of so called ‘cultural grids’ and identifies the key elements, the ‘historical grids’, as well as author’s and translator’s biography, all within the wider context of the translator’s historical and sociological ‘matrix’ which ultimately determines the success of any translation of realistic historical literature.