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1
Radović, M., and O. Chesnokova. "LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF TOPONYMICAL PERIPHRASES IN PERU." Philology at MGIMO 21, no. 2 (2020): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2020-2-22-110-115.
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This article focuses on linguistic and cultural aspects of Peruvian toponymical periphrases through the analysis of the linguistic material and surveying native speakers of the Peruvian national variant of Spanish language as informants. The motivation and structure of Peruvian toponymical periphrases is analyzed from the semiotic point of view. The most frequently used lexemes in the formation of the periphrases are classified by their meaning. The complex analysis of 70 toponymical periphrases for Peruvian cities shows the richness of motivating features and proves that they create emotional and evaluative parallels for traditional toponyms. Such components as ciudad, tierra, capital, sede, cuna, joya, perla are recognized as onomastic dominants in Peruvian toponymical periphrases. The authors also put emphasis on homonymic coincidences of toponymical periphrases in Peru and in the neighbouring countries like Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador and Brazil.The similarities in the motivation of South American toponyms are classified as: associations with ancient European cities (Rome, Athens, Sevilla, London); associations with climatic conditions (viento, eterno); signs of local industrial development, characteristics and achievements of the population; self-perceptions (loyalty and devotion, cordiality and hospitality, friendliness). The derivation of parameters of toponymical linguistic creativity of South Americans in general is considered as possible scientific perspective.
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Cabrera, Rony, and Domingo González. "Influences of technological attributes on sourcing of manufacturing technologies in developing countries." Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 17, no. 4 (2019): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-10-2018-0872.
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Purpose As part of a new focus on a better balance of investment in innovation activities in developing countries, this study aims to understand the effects of technological attributes (technological complexity and type of technology) on manufacturing technology sourcing (whether firms choose either internal development or external sources). Design/methodology/approach Multiple-case studies were conducted in the Peruvian manufacturing sector. Findings The authors found that, across Peruvian manufacturing firms, they develop a certain manufacturing technology related to their capabilities. However, when the total cost of acquisition is lower than internal costs of developing technologies, they will choose external sources, regardless of their capabilities and complexity of the technology. In addition, analysis of the type of technology indicated that the pursuit of simultaneous exploration and exploitation occurs when firms use external sources rather than internal. Research limitations/implications This study has the limitation that data have been collected years after the decision-making process; the results are based solely on the authors’ analysis using the case of Peruvian industry, and they do not track the impact on the performance of manufacturing technology decisions. Practical implications The findings have important implications for technology managers of South American manufacturing firms that are decision makers in the sourcing of new manufacturing technologies. Originality/value The results of this study provide literature with insights into technology sourcing strategy in developing countries and the importance of progress in transitioning to technological innovation and catchup.
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Hernández-Vásquez, Akram, Anthony Bautista-Pariona, and Guido Bendezu-Quispe. "Peruvian scientific production on Helicobacter pylori: a bibliometric analysis." Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú 40, no. 4 (2020): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.47892/rgp.2020.404.1207.
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Objective: To evaluate the Peruvian scientific production on Helicobacter pylori. Materials and methods: Bibliometric analysis of original articles published until September 8, 2020, in journals indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO. Bibliometric indicators were obtained. Likewise, analysis of the co-citation of authors and co-occurrence of terms with the terms included in the title and the abstract of publications was performed. Results: Data from 180 original articles were analyzed. An increase in the number of articles on H. pylori was found (R2 = 0.64, an average annual growth rate of 8.01%). A total of 777 authors were identified, with an average number of articles per author of 0.18, and a collaboration index of 5.64. The average number of citations per original article was 1.91. The Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia was the institution with the highest number of original articles (63.2%). The analysis of co-occurrence of terms found terms related to gastric cancer during the whole study period and, for recent years, terms related to the treatment of H. pylori infection and water sources. Conclusion: There is an increase in Peruvian production in original articles on H. pylori. In recent years, the study of the eradication of H. pylori and the transmission of the agent from water sources have been topics of interest.
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Rink, W. J., and J. Bartoll. "Dating the geometric Nasca lines in the Peruvian desert." Antiquity 79, no. 304 (2005): 390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00114176.
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The Nasca lines are geoglyphs – arrays of stones forming geometric shapes constructed by ancient humans, the largest ones occupying areas of more than 1km2. The authors used optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz buried when the stone lines were constructed to give new dates for contexts associated with geoglyphs on high mesetas near Palpa. They conclude that the stone lines at sites at San Ignacio and Sacramento were constructed between AD 400 and 650. This suggests that they were made in the later part of the Early Intermediate Period by people of the Nasca culture.
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Coloma Porcari, César Coloma Porcari. "seviche, los anticuchos, los tamales y la mazamorra en las Tradiciones de Ricardo Palma." Aula Palma, no. 20 (January 2, 2023): 121–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/ap.v20i20.4450.
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 Este trabajo de investigación se refiere a la información que ofrece don Ricardo Palma, en sus Tradiciones, sobre cuatro platos emblemáticos de la culinaria peruana: el seviche, los anticuchos, los tamales y la dulce mazamorra. Se indica el nombre de la tradición en donde figura cada referencia y se agregan datos ofrecidos por otros autores de antaño. Asimismo, con el fin de rescatar las antiguas recetas para preparar los platos mencionados, las reproducimos tal cual las hemos tomado de autores del siglo XIX y de principios del XX.
 Palabras clave: Ricardo Palma, Tradiciones, culinaria peruana, historia del Perú, seviche, anticuchos, tamales, mazamorra, recetas de cocina peruana del siglo XIX y principios del XX.
 
 
 
 
 
 Abstract
 This research work refers to the information offered by Don Ricardo Palma, in his Traditions, on four emblematic dishes of Peruvian cuisine: the seviche, the anticuchos, and the tamales, as well as the sweet mazamorra. The name of the tradition in which each reference appears is indicated, and data offered by other authors of long ago are added. Also, to rescue the old recipes for preparing the dishes mentioned, we include these, which we have taken from authors of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
 Keywords: Ricardo Palma, Traditions, Peruvian Cuisine, History of Peru, seviche, anticuchos, tamales, mazamorra, recipes of Peruvian cuisine of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Boté-Vericad, Juan-José, Mercedes-Lulilea Ferrer-Mejía, Montse Gorchs-Molist, and Jacqueline Begazo-Corahua. "Gender differences in peruvian nursing: a bibliometric analysis in scopus and web of science." Telos Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales 24, no. 2 (2022): 302–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36390/telos242.07.
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This paper aims to perform a bibliometric and gender perspective analysis of scientific publications in Scopus and Web of Science in the area of Peruvian nursing. A bibliometric analysis design was used. The analysis comprised 130 articles in Scopus and 104 articles in Web of Science. The main indicators included the annual production of articles, the most cited authors and articles, and a thematic analysis of the keywords. In terms of authorship in Scopus, there are seven women among the first 10 authors, but in Web of Science, there are only 3. For citations, female nurses and authors at Scopus receive a higher proportion of citations than males. However, in Web of Science, male nurses receive proportionately more citations. Regarding the first 10 journals we found on the Web of Science, Emerging Source Citation Index journals have more indexed articles than Journal Citation Reports journals. The statistical correlation coefficient between the articles published in Scopus and Web of Science is 0.92. The scientific production in Peru in the nursing field shows no female bias in Scopus, but that is not the case for Web of Science. In addition, the total number of articles published in Peru respecting other fields is low, as is the level of international collaboration between the authors.
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Durst, Susanne, Mariano Martin Genaro Palacios Acuache, and Guido Bruns. "Peruvian small and medium-sized enterprises and COVID-19: Time for a new start!" Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 13, no. 4 (2021): 648–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-06-2020-0201.
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Purpose Crises of any type have become an integral part of business activity and responses to them could make the difference between survival and failure. This applies in particular to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Taking the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic as a starting point, this study aims to investigate how Peruvian SMEs have been coping with COVID-19 so far. Based on that a conceptual framework is proposed which highlights the practice of SMEs trying to deal with a new type of crisis. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on an exploratory qualitative research design involving 25 semi-structured interviews conducted in Peruvian SMEs. Findings The findings demonstrate how the Peruvian firms studied to adapt to the new situation and initiate responses to increasing the chance of survival. Furthermore, the role of the companies’ decision-makers, as well as the role of crisis management and other related approaches in the companies are shown. Research limitations/implications The paper expands the underdeveloped body of knowledge regarding crisis management in Latin America in general and crisis management in SMEs by providing insight into how Peruvian SMEs perceive and adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical implications The findings presented in this paper have implications for both managers and managerial staff of SMEs but also for the people in charge of the curricula at universities and other teaching-focused institutes. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study of crisis management on the impacts of COVID-19 with a dedicated focus on SMEs from Latin America. It provides fresh insight into current reactions to the Pandemic.
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Salas-Provance, Marlene B., Margot Escobedo Arriola, and Patricia Michel Torres Arrunátegui. "Managing in a Crisis: American and Peruvian Professionals' Experiences During COVID-19." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 5, no. 6 (2020): 1785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_persp-20-00153.
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Purpose The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused significant disruptions in the way we live our lives. This virus has affected individuals worldwide in a similar fashion with few remaining untouched. The way we work also has been transformed and will continue to change in ways we cannot envision today. It was immediately evident that a new way of management was needed in this time of crisis. A framework of crisis management from Nichols et al. ( 2020 ) is presented to identify four essential behaviors required by leaders. Leaders must be able to (a) decide with speed over precision, (b) adapt boldly, (c) reliably deliver, and (d) engage for impact. The three authors, having worked closely as international partners for over 10 years in the care of children with cleft lip and palate, came together to discuss how individuals around the world have managed during this crisis. Conclusions A common observation among the authors was that many new relationships were forged throughout the pandemic while others strengthened. Relationships were tested daily, if not moment by moment. There was an intensity of work effort that ordinarily would not occur. The words “ we have never worked so hard ” were heard often. Although the journey was exhausting and resulted in a sense of fatigue for most people, it has brought people together to accomplish goals in unprecedent ways. The boundaries between work and home were erased with a work constancy that seemed relentless. There will be long-lasting unknown repercussions to our work as a result of the pandemic. To close in the way we began, life as we knew it will forever be changed. The ability to remain engaged and focused will allow professionals around the globe to grow and flourish during and after COVID-19. Across work settings, the authors observed a resiliency in the people that will serve as the foundation to propel a worldwide recovery from this pandemic in the years to come.
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Wong, David, and Harold Hernández Lefranc. "Luis Banchero Rossi (1955-1972), the best entrepreneur in Peru’s fishmeal industry: market governance, social capital, and embeddedness." Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business 6, no. 2 (2021): 151–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/jesb2021.2.j095.
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In the 20th century, Peru was one of the major fishmeal producers worldwide. Luis Banchero Rossi (1929-1972) was the main driving force behind this economic boom. This article discusses how, given a set of historical conditions favoring such a setting, Banchero’s business performance surpassed that of other Peruvian and foreign producers in the industry, and enabled this development. This research uses complementary methodologies; i.e., case study work and financial databases. The authors find that Banchero’s share in Peru’s total exports reached 15.3 % in 1968, far above the next largest Peruvian exporter. In this regard, Banchero operated his organization following a set of criteria, called market governance by Williamson, plus several advantages, including negotiation abilities, social capital formation, human capital management, and tacit knowledge development, building on Peru’s specific sociological conditions. These conclusions help understanding how an entrepreneur of humble origins like Banchero worked around a commodity such as fishmeal to become a successful business leader worldwide.
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Mayta-Tovalino, Frank, Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza, Daniel Alvitez-Temoche, et al. "Scholarly Output in Peruvian National Dentistry according to Gender Disparity: A 10-Year Bibliometric Study." BioMed Research International 2022 (June 26, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7854479.
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Objective. To evaluate Peruvian scientific publications in dentistry according to sex disparity (2011-2020). Methods. This was a retrospective bibliometric study. The unit of analysis was made up of Peruvian dentistry publications indexed in the Scopus database during the last 10 years. Records with metadata (410) corresponding to the period 2011-2020 were downloaded and standardized and refined by analyzing the metadata. The search strategy was developed based on the individual profiles of each Peruvian institution that has a dental school or college. It was evaluated according to the AF-ID of each institution in the Scopus database. In addition, the information provided by the Scopus SciVal tool was used. Finally, publications, impact, and collaboration indicators were used, such as total number per document, per author, average of citations, h -index, collaboration rate, number of institutions, the Source Normalized Impact per Paper indicator, the CiteScore, and the Scopus Field-Weighted Citation Impact. Results. The greatest increase was evident in 2018, with 2019 and 2020 being the maximum peak of scientific publication growth. However, sustained growth has not been evidenced in relation to the female sex. The analysis of coauthorship by the authors revealed four large clusters, of which the first three were represented by male researchers, such as Arriola-Guillen L., Mayta-Tovalino F., and Mendoza-Azpur G., and one by a female, Guerrero María E. Evaluating the national scientific publication in dentistry according to the CiteScore, it was found that most of the publications (145) from Peru were published in Q4 journals, although 90 manuscripts were published in Q1 journals. Conclusions. The Peruvian national dental publication in the last 10 years was mainly supported by male dentists, which invites us to reflect on the need to equalize opportunities so that female researchers can also reduce these gaps.
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Fernández-Cozman, Camilo Rubén. "La metáfora biológica en la obra de Manuel González Prada." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 47, no. 4 (2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2020.474.010.
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Manuel González Prada is one of the most important Latin American authors. He used the biological metaphor to criticize Peruvian society in the late nineteenth century. The metaphor of disease, animal and plant are three kinds of analog procedures that González Prada uses according to a naturalistic vision, heiress of Spencer's evolutionism. González Prada questions the imitation and lack of stylistic precision of writers in the nineteenth century, as well as conceiving that Peru is a sick organism
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Biwer, Matthew E., Willy Yépez Álvarez, Stefanie L. Bautista, and Justin Jennings. "Hallucinogens, alcohol and shifting leadership strategies in the ancient Peruvian Andes." Antiquity 96, no. 385 (2022): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.177.
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In the pre-Columbian Andes, the use of hallucinogens during the Formative period (900–300 BC) often supported exclusionary political strategies, whereas, during the Late Horizon (AD 1450–1532), Inca leaders emphasised corporate strategies via the mass consumption of alcohol. Using data from Quilcapampa, the authors argue that a shift occurred during the Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000), when beer made from Schinus molle was combined with the hallucinogen Anadenanthera colubrina. The resulting psychotropic experience reinforced the power of the Wari state, and represents an intermediate step between exclusionary and corporate political strategies. This Andean example adds to the global catalogue documenting the close relationship between hallucinogens and social power.
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Arrieta, María del Carmen, and Beatrice Avolio. "Factors of higher education quality service: the case of a Peruvian university." Quality Assurance in Education 28, no. 4 (2020): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-03-2020-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that impact the quality of the education service in a Peruvian private university, based on the perception of students and graduates. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 29 students and 20 graduates from the Administration and Finance Program of a Peruvian private university. The data was collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews based on the students’ and graduates’ perspectives of their experiences. The collected data was subjected to content analysis. Findings The study identified ten factors or the underlying dimensions that drive the quality of the education service provided by a Peruvian private university. The factors are professors, lecturers, curriculum, extracurricular activities, position and recognition of the university, infrastructure, library, admission, adequate communication mechanisms with faculty and authorities and services. The main quality indicators of the education service were the professors and curriculum planning. As the students were using the education service, they were more focused on “how” they received the service, rather than “what” services they received, i.e. they evaluated the quality of the process. In contrast, graduates gave more importance to functional service quality. They evaluated the quality of “what they received,” i.e. the result. Research limitations/implications The study has several limitations. First, the qualitative approach does not allow generalizing data. The sample size was relatively small and only involved one Peruvian private university. The study was based on the respondent’s perceptions, which were considered accurate. Practical implications Based on the study findings, the authors made recommendations to meet the needs of the students and graduates. These findings can help universities to develop strategies that improve educational quality and to allocate resources more effectively. Further research could focus on factors that impact service quality in higher education at different stages of the student lifecycle, namely, applicants (service expectations), students (quality of the process) and graduates (results). The authors suggest validating these results quantitatively. Originality/value The study proposes a framework of the higher education service quality based on the experiences of students and graduates that can be used by higher education institutions to continue improving educational quality. The originality of the study lies in the perspective on service quality according to the experiences of students and graduates. Also, this study provides empirical evidence on service quality research in Latin American higher education institutions.
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Crembil, Gustavo, and Paula Gaetano Adi. "Mestizo Robotics." Leonardo 50, no. 2 (2017): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01150.
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With a cultural and material “cannibalistic” approach, the authors aim to revise certain technological discourses by introducing TZ’IJK, a “mestizo” robotic artwork developed in the Peruvian Amazon. Far from the utopian visions of Hollywood sci-fi movies populated by highly intelligent, anthropomorphic and responsive machines, TZ’IJK employs a combination of high and low technologies that embody Latin America’s anthropophagic, postcolonial and hybrid nature. Mestizo Robotics proposes an alternative approach to the development of embodied artificial life forms, from both theoretical and technological viewpoints.
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del Brío, Jesús, and Edmundo Lizarzaburu Bolaños. "Effects of CSR and CR on Business Confidence in an Emerging Country." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125221.
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Corporate social responsibility has been one of the main pillars of development for companies in developed countries and studies are being conducted for developed countries and the productive sector of the economy. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate reputation (CR), and business confidence in the context of the banking sector in an emerging country (Peru). To test the hypotheses presented in this paper, we sent a survey to 1745 banking executive officers of the branch offices in Peru. These key individuals were selected as the target population of the study because the authors sought to study the management’s perception of CSR and business confidence. From the data obtained from the survey, it has been determined that the strategic consideration of CSR in Peruvian banks directly influences the perception of business confidence. Secondly, it has been demonstrated that the strategic consideration of CSR in Peruvian banks positively influences corporate reputation and, finally, the perception of the importance of the corporate reputation of Peruvian banks and significantly influences the perception of business confidence by the managers. The main contribution of this paper is that it analyzes empirically how business confidence is perceived by managers, who are the main agents involved in implementing CSR actions, based on their opinion of the strategic consideration of CSR and the perception of CR in a context barely investigated, an emerging country.
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Sullón-Cuchupoma, Cynthia Lilibeth, Mónica Elisa Meneses-La-Riva, Víctor Hugo Fernández-Bedoya, and Josefina Amanda Suyo-Vega. "Quality of Care and Loyalty of External Users in Peruvian Ophthalmological Centers." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 7, no. 2 (2020): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v7i2.art.p151-161.
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The objective of the study is to determine the relationship between quality of care and the loyalty of external users in a private ophthalmic center in Lima, Peru. The method used was a descriptive, cross-correlational, quantitative approach with non-experimental design. The population consisted of 210 external users who received therapies for at least 1 month in an ophthalmologic center located in Lima, Peru; the sample (statistically calculated) consisted of 137 users randomly selected, who responded to a series of reagents through a survey. A questionnaire was used to measure quality of care through SERVPERF model, while loyalty was measured through reagents developed by the authors, based on the scientific theory of Alcaide. Spearman's Rho determined that there is a moderate positive relationship between the quality of care and loyalty (sig. < 0.05; r = 0.594). Likewise, it is determined that there is a positive correlation between the dimensions of tangibility, empathy, responsiveness, security and reliability with the loyalty variable, since the sig. were < 0.05 and the values of r = 0.497, 0.381, 0.342, 0.109 and 0.452, respectively were obtained. Not enough statistical evidence was obtained to find a relationship between the loyalty variable and the security dimension, since a sig. value > 0.05 was obtained. The results found are related to those found by previous authors in other contexts. Finally, we recommend other researchers to carry out similar research internationally, in order to increase the literature on the variables of loyalty and quality of service and generate discusion.
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GONZALES CIEZA, MARIE MELISA, and DAVID RICARDO TORRES PACHAS. "REFLEXIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DEL DELITO DE CONCUSIÓN EN EL CÓDIGO PENAL PERUANO." YachaQ Revista de Derecho, no. 10 (March 8, 2021): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51343/yq.vi10.610.
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En el presente artículo los autores se encargan de desarrollar los elementos del delito de concusión en el Código Penal peruano. Se explica el origen histórico, los principales aspectos problemáticos en relación con los elementos objetivos, subjetivos, así como la situación de la víctima en el referido delito. Abstract: in this article the authors develop the elements of the crime of concussion in the Peruvian Penal Code. They explain the historical origin, the problematic aspects in relation to the objective and subjective elements and the situation of the victim in the mentioned crime.
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GONZALES CIEZA, MARIE MELISA, and DAVID RICARDO TORRES PACHAS. "REFLEXIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DEL DELITO DE CONCUSIÓN EN EL CÓDIGO PENAL PERUANO." YachaQ Revista de Derecho, no. 10 (December 30, 2019): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51343/yq.vi10.390.
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En el presente artículo los autores se encargan de desarrollar los elementos del delito de concusión en el Código Penal peruano. Se explica el origen histórico, los principales aspectos problemáticos en relación con los elementos objetivos, subjetivos, así como la situación de la víctima en el referido delito.
 In this article the authors develop the elements of the crime of concussion in the Peruvian Penal Code. They explain the historical origin, the problematic aspects in relation to the objective and subjective elements and the situation of the victim in the mentioned crime.
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Ahmed Elhalwany, Manar. "Las implicaciones sociales de la (des)cortesía en el lenguaje narrativo de los autores Nobel." Revista Cognosis. ISSN 2588-0578 6, no. 2 (2021): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/cognosis.v6i2.2235.
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En este trabajo se expone un análisis contrastivo a nivel pragma-lingüístico del lenguaje narrativo en dos novelas: Charla sobre el Nilo del escritor Nobel egipcio Naguib Mahfuz y Conversación de la Catedral del novelista peruano Mario Vargas Llosa. El análisis se centra en el acuerdo intuitivo notable entre estos dos autores Nobel, a pesar de la distancia cultural, lingüística y geográfica, en desviar el Principio de Cortesía de Geoffery Leech. En ambas novelas se ve claro el uso de fórmulas lingüísticas que rompen la Cortesía pragmática con el fin de lograr una profunda y concienzuda crítica social de la realidad egipcia y peruana en la época de los años cincuenta y sesenta. A través de la violación del principio pragmático, ambos autores ganadores del Nobel, objeto de este estudio, buscan exponer una dolencia mayor que afecta a la sociedad tanto egipcia como peruana, una descortesía hacia los ciudadanos que pertenecen a diversos sectores y clases sociales. En las dos novelas analizadas, los novelistas encontraron en la transgresión del Principio de Cortesía el mejor camino para presentar las inquietudes y los conflictos constantes del ser humano contra su propia sociedad. Así mismo, tanto Mahfuz como Llosa, exponen las mentalidades que sustentan la estratificación de la sociedad, con sus respectivos prejuicios, creencias e ideologías.
 PALABRAS CLAVE: pragmática, cortesía, literatura del Nobel, Naguib Mahfuz, Vargas Llosa.
 The social implications of (im)politeness in narrative language of the Nobel authors
 ABSTRACTIn this paper, a contrastive analysis is presented at a pragmatic linguistic level of narrative language in two novels: Talking on the Nile of the Egyptian Nobel writer Naguib Mahfuz and Conversation of the Cathedral of the Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa. The analysis focuses on the remarkable intuitive agreement between these two Nobel authors in deviating from the Geoffery Leech Politeness Principle. In both novels it is clear the use of linguistic formulas that violates the pragmatic politeness in order to achieve a deep and thorough social criticism of the Egyptian and Peruvian reality in the time of the fifties and sixties. Through the violation of the pragmatic principle, both Nobel authors, the objective of this study, seek to expose a greater ailment that affects both Egyptian and Peruvian society, an impoliteness towards citizens belonging to various sectors and social classes. In the two novels analyzed, the novelists found in the transgression of the Principle of Courtesy the best way to present the concerns and constant conflicts of the human being against his own society. Likewise, both Mahfuz and Llosa, expose the mentalities that support the stratification of society, with their respective prejudices, beliefs and ideologies.
 KEYWORDS: Pragmatics, politeness, Nobel`s authors, Naguib Mahfuz, Mario Vargas Llosa.
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Milon Kahatt, Michela. "Políticas Antisubversivas en Sudamérica: Paramilitarismo e Insurgencia." REVISTA XAUXA AÑO III, NÚMERO 8 - 2022 III, no. 08 (2022): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56374/xau.03.08.22.12.
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In a situation of internal conflict, the necessity of incorporating civic society in the fight against terrorism or subversion, can lead governments to implementing public policies, creating paramilitar groups that can be, or not, effective to solve the conflict. Throughout the current analysis, the authors have gathered information regarding two emblematic case studies from South America, the Colombian Cooperativas de Vigilancia y Seguridad Privada (Convivir) and the Peruvian Comités de Autodefensa (CAD). Finally, making an evaluation of the effectivity and applicability of the implementation of those public policies from a framework of National Security, and respect for rights, freedoms, and social welfare.
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Ruggles, Clive, and Nicholas J. Saunders. "Desert labyrinth: lines, landscape and meaning at Nazca, Peru." Antiquity 86, no. 334 (2012): 1126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00048298.
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The shapes drawn out by the famous Nazca lines in the Peruvian desert are at their most evident from the air—giving rise to some famously fantastic theories about their origin. The new understanding offered here is the result of a piece of straightforward brilliance on the part of our authors: get down on the ground, where the original users were, and see where your feet lead you. Using stratigraphic and taphonomic reasoning to decide which lines were contemporary, they discover an itinerary so complex they can justify calling it a labyrinth, and see it as serving ceremonial progressions.
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Espinoza, Jhan Carlo, Josyane Ronchail, Frédéric Frappart, Waldo Lavado, William Santini, and Jean Loup Guyot. "The Major Floods in the Amazonas River and Tributaries (Western Amazon Basin) during the 1970–2012 Period: A Focus on the 2012 Flood*." Journal of Hydrometeorology 14, no. 3 (2013): 1000–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-0100.1.
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Abstract In this work, the authors analyze the origin of the extreme floods in the Peruvian Amazonas River during the 1970–2012 period, focusing on the recent April 2012 flooding (55 400 m3 s−1). Several hydrological variables, such as rainfall, terrestrial water storage, and discharge, point out that the unprecedented 2012 flood is mainly related to an early and abundant wet season over the north of the basin. Thus, the peak of the Marañón River, the northern contributor of the Amazonas, occurred sooner than usual (in April instead of May), coinciding with the peak of the Ucayali River, the southern contributor. This concomitance caused a dramatic flood downstream in the Peruvian Amazonas. These results are compared to the amplitude and timing of the three most severe extreme floods (1970–2011). The analysis of the climatic features related to the most important floods (1986, 1993, 1999, and 2012) suggests that they are characterized by a La Niña event, which originates a geopotential height wave train near the ground, with positive anomalies over the subtropical South and North Pacific and Atlantic and over southeastern South America. These patterns contribute to 1) the origin of an abundant humidity transport flux from the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea toward the northwestern Amazon and 2) the maintenance of the monsoon flux over this region. They both favor a strong convergence of humidity in the northern Amazonas basin. Finally, the authors suggest that the intensity of floods is more likely related to an early La Niña event (as observed during the 2011/12 season), early rainfall, and simultaneous peaks of both tributaries of the Amazonas River.
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Pérez-Reyes, Raúl, and Beatriz Tovar. "Peruvian Electrical Distribution Firms’ Efficiency Revisited: A Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (2021): 10066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810066.
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The extent to which the structural reform of the Peruvian electricity market in the 1990s has improved the technical efficiency levels of the distribution companies and whether some firm specific explanatory variables had influenced upon the efficiency was analysed for first time using a second stage Tobit model to study the influence of some firm specific explanatory variables on efficiency. Some authors have argued that the use of Tobit regression is inappropriate in the second stage of DEA and have suggested using other recently developed options. Due to this, it might be worth revisiting this issue and adding those other alternative models to check whether the conclusions obtained with the Tobit model could be upheld. The nine alternative models estimated allow us to confirm that the incentives generated by the reform process led to the firms becoming more efficient. Moreover, private management and the ratio of low voltage sales to medium voltage sales for each company positively affect efficiency, whereas investment per customer is negatively correlated to it.
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Jima-González, Alexandra, and Miguel Paradela-López. "Indians in Pensamiento Gonzalo: The Influence of 20th-Century Peruvian Intelligentsia on Shining Path’s Ideology." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (2020): 215824402098299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020982990.
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During the last decades of the 20th century, Shining Path conceived Indian culture mainly as part of feudalist-capitalist alienation. Consequently, this insurrectionist organization aimed to mobilize the indigenous communities around a class-oriented revolutionary project. Although the academic literature has acknowledged and studied this process, its historical roots in the intelligentsia of the early 20th century remain under-examined. To contribute to their research, this article first analyzes the “neo-indigenist and indigenist discussion” of the first decades of the century, mainly through the works of Manuel González Prada, Luis Eduardo Valcárcel, and José Uriel García. The article will then focus on José Carlos Mariátegui and Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre to explore the discussion around the implementation of socialist thought in Peru. Finally, this research analyzes the influence of the previous authors on the configuration of Shining Path’s ideology, Pensamiento Gonzalo. The article argues that Shining Path intensified three tendencies of the 20th-century Peruvian intelligentsia: the need to assist Indians in the development of an effective discourse, the legitimation of revolutionary violence, and the Peruvian bourgeoisie’s leadership of the Indians. In conclusion, Shining Path’s ideology should not be regarded as a rara avis, but as the result of a dogmatic application of Maoism to already existing discussions of the Indian problem.
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Cuentas, Natalia I. Vargas, Sebastian J. Ramos Cosi, Gianmarco D. Velasquez Lopez, Paulo Becerra, and Avid Roman Gonzalez. "Experience in MAPATÓN 2021: "ApuMayu" a Tool for the Analysis of Flood Risk Zones in Piura." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 11, no. 9 (2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0921_13.
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Abstract—MAPATÓN 2021 was organized by CONIDA (Peruvian Space Agency) as part of the celebrations for the bicentennial of Peru's independence. MAPATÓN was oriented to disaster management. This work aims to transmit the experience of participation in MAPATON and communicate the results achieved. The authors participated in developing flood simulation models and analyzing SENTINEL-1 satellite images to identify areas affected by floods that occurred in 2017, 2019 and 2020. The results obtained, shown in a story map, show the great utility of this type of analysis for risk management and disaster management. Keywords—MAPATON 2021; natural disasters; Peru; disaster management; Sentinel; satellite images
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Feder, Judy. "Commitment to Responsible Water Management in the Peruvian Amazon." Journal of Petroleum Technology 72, no. 12 (2020): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1220-0064-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 199429, “Road to the Blue Certificate for Production Activity in the Peruvian Amazon: Committed to Responsible Water Management,” by Carlos Ahumada Morales, Fernando Gutierrez Mesías, and Ruth Celina Zorrilla Salazar, Repsol, prepared for the 2020 SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability, originally scheduled to be held in Bogota, Colombia, 28-30 July. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The complete paper discusses the steps taken by Repsol in Peru in accordance with its environmental strategy to become certified for the Blue Certificate granted by the State National Water Authority (ANA) to companies that efficiently manage water in their operations and manage shared-value projects with their stakeholders. According to the authors, Repsol is the first company in Peru’s hydrocarbon sector to apply for this certification. The complete paper details the company’s methods of compliance with the three steps necessary to apply for the certificate, limitations of objectives and scope, results of the water-footprint assessment, and further steps toward certification. Background: Peru’s Blue Certificate Obtaining the certificate requires compliance with the three following steps: 1. Assessment of the water footprint for the area of operation 2. Reduction of water footprint in the area 3. Development of a shared-value project Benefits of holding the certificate include contribution to business sustainability and improved relationships with key stakeholders such as the State and the communities in the area of influence. As part of its candidacy for the certificate, the company stated that its main objective was to analyze the water footprint of the annual production of natural gas in Block 57 in the Urubamba River basin in the forests of the low jungle of southern Peru. Block 57 is located in the Department of Cusco. The company prepared a water-footprint report on the effect and amount of water consumption associated with the annual production of natural gas in the block. Block 57 is in an area of high biodiversity and overlaps the buffer zone of the Machiguenga Communal Reserve. It includes the following projects: Development project in the south area of the Kinteroni field Transport of multiphase gas/liquid flow from the production platform of the Kinteroni field through a 16-in., 14.5-km flow line to the facilities of the New World location Sagari field-development project Based on the results of the water-footprint assessment, Repsol intends to implement actions to reduce its water footprint and develop value-sharing projects to mitigate its effects.
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Bolaños, Edmundo Lizarzaburu, Jesús Del Brío, and Conrado Diego García-Gómez. "CSR in Education on Business Confidence: Mediation Effect of Corporate Reputation in the Peruvian Banking Sector." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020833.
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This paper analyzes the direct influence of CSR educational actions on business confidence in the context of the banking sector in an emerging country (Peru). A mediating effect through corporate reputation is also analyzed. To test the hypotheses presented in this paper, we have sent a survey to 1745 executive officers of the branches of the banks. These key individuals were selected as the target population of the study because the authors sought to study the management’s perception of CSR and business confidence. From the data obtained from the survey, it has been tested that educational CSR actions in Peruvian banks directly influences the perception of business confidence. Secondly, this relationship is partially mediated by the effect of CSR educational actions on corporate reputation.
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Baudin, Carole, Laura Maillard, and Yohana Ruffiner. "Wanamei: An Intervention for and with the Small Gold Mining Communities in the Peruvian Amazon." Practicing Anthropology 38, no. 2 (2016): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552-38.2.5.
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Illegal gold mining in the Amazon region of Peru causes a variety of damages to the environment, human health, and societal well-being. The people most directly affected—usually through gold production—are communities living in the region. In this context, we have been working with three regional mining communities to develop the Wanamei project, which aims to contribute to improving local working and living conditions. In the cosmology of native people of this region—the Amarakaeri—Wanamei means “the tree of life.” This title is representative of the philosophical approach of anthropotechnology, which insists on using local knowledge and practices to design sustainable solutions. Through this project, the authors discuss the vision and methods of this discipline and its contribution to the goal of finding sustainable solutions in extractive industries.
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Zulkafli, Zed, Wouter Buytaert, Christian Onof, et al. "A Comparative Performance Analysis of TRMM 3B42 (TMPA) Versions 6 and 7 for Hydrological Applications over Andean–Amazon River Basins." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 2 (2014): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-094.1.
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Abstract The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 precipitation estimates are widely used in tropical regions for hydrometeorological research. Recently, version 7 of the product was released. Major revisions to the algorithm involve the radar reflectivity–rainfall rate relationship, surface clutter detection over high terrain, a new reference database for the passive microwave algorithm, and a higher-quality gauge analysis product for monthly bias correction. To assess the impacts of the improved algorithm, the authors compare the version 7 and the older version 6 products with data from 263 rain gauges in and around the northern Peruvian Andes. The region covers humid tropical rain forest, tropical mountains, and arid-to-humid coastal plains. The authors find that the version 7 product has a significantly lower bias and an improved representation of the rainfall distribution. They further evaluated the performance of the version 6 and 7 products as forcing data for hydrological modeling by comparing the simulated and observed daily streamflow in nine nested Amazon River basins. The authors find that the improvement in the precipitation estimation algorithm translates to an increase in the model Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and a reduction in the relative bias between the observed and simulated flows by 30%–95%.
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Namburar, Sathvik, William Checkley, Oscar Flores-Flores, et al. "Risk Factors for Physical Inactivity Among Children With and Without Asthma Living in Peri-Urban Communities of Lima, Peru." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 8 (2020): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0553.
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Background: The authors sought to examine physical activity patterns among children with and without asthma in 2 peri-urban communities in Lima, Peru, to identify socioeconomic and demographic risk factors for physical inactivity and examine the relationship between asthma and physical activity. Methods: The authors measured mean steps per day in 114 children (49 with asthma and 65 without) using pedometers worn over a 1-week period. They also used the 3-day physical activity recall to determine the most common activities carried out by children. Results: The authors found that 84.2% of the children did not meet the daily international physical activity recommendations. Girls took significantly fewer mean steps per day as compared with boys (2258 fewer steps, 95% confidence interval, 1042–3474), but no other factors, including asthma status, showed significant differences in the mean daily steps. Mean daily steps were positively associated with higher socioeconomic status among girls, and current asthma had a larger inverse effect on daily steps in boys when compared with girls. Conclusion: Physical activity levels were below recommended guidelines in all children. There is a need for policy and neighborhood-level interventions to address low physical activity levels among Peruvian youth. Special focus should be given to increasing the physical activity levels in girls.
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Ruiz-Dodobara, Fernando, and Peter Busse. "Peer Networks and Intention to Consume Unhealthy Food: The Association Through Cognitive Mediators in Peruvian Adolescents." Journal of School Nursing 36, no. 5 (2019): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840519839118.
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This cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of three reasoned action approach (RAA) constructs—attitudes, perceived social pressure, and perceived behavioral control—on the relationship between peer networks and intention to consume unhealthy food. The authors examined self-reported data of a sample of 277 adolescents from public and private schools in Lima, Peru. Results revealed a total mediating effect of the reasoned action constructs; yet attitudes and perceived behavioral control, but not perceived social pressure (injunctive and descriptive norms), mediated the relationship between peer network and intention to consume unhealthy food. Explanations for these results are discussed in light of social cognitive theory and Ajzen and Fishbein’s postulates about specific attitudes. Finally, we discuss how school nurses can take advantage of RAA variables to influence food environments, use peer networks for reducing unhealthy food consumption, and organize workshops to inform parents about the mechanisms that promote junk food intake.
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Vázquez, David J. "Mapping Decolonial Environmental Imaginaries in Latinx Culture." American Literary History 33, no. 3 (2021): 657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab054.
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Abstract Mapping Decolonial Environmental Imaginaries in Latinx Culture addresses a growing dialogue between antiracist environmental humanities and Latinx studies scholars that emphasizes how Latinx creativity expresses decolonial environmental values. Even as we face a racial crisis in the US, there is a looming, similarly daunting challenge in environmental change. Locating forms of progressive environmental ideas that think simultaneously about race and racialization is crucial if we are to meet these twin challenges. This essay introduces a mode of comparative analysis that places multiple genres and forms (novels, films, visual art, and short stories) created by authors from multiple Latinx communities (Chicanx, Puerto Rican, Peruvian, and Central American) into conversation. This comparative approach provides a more nuanced account of how Latinxs from multiple racial, class, gender, sexual, and other identity positions think about and represent environmental ideas. As the legatees of colonialism and racism, Latinx artists have much to say about combatting, circumventing, and, at times, proposing remedies for oppression and environmental harm as complex, interrelated phenomena. These authors and artists comprehend racial capitalism as directly causing environmental crises that perform in concert with racism and colonialism.
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Hualparuca Olivera, Luis Miguel, Dayana Nicol Ramos Campos, Paola Andrea Arauco Vivas, and Rocío Milagros Coz Apumayta. "Integrative Dimensional Personality Inventory for ICD-11: Development and Evaluation in the Peruvian Correctional Setting." LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana de Psicología 28, no. 1 (2022): e540. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2022.v28n1.05.
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Background: Personality disorder (PD) is an important predictor of the commission of crimes; however, there is a lack of clinical instruments adjusted to the characteristics of Peruvian convicts. Objective: To develop a reliable and valid comprehensive personality measurement instrument, the Integrative Dimensional Personality Inventory, ICD-11 version (IDPI-11), according to the standards of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Method: A stratified sample of prisoners from the Huancayo Penitentiary (HP) was selected (n study 1 = 60; n study 2 = 1095). Results: High reliability indices (McDonald’s ω ≥ .73) and adequate levels of content validity (CVI-S ≥ .87), construct validity, and criterion validity of the scales were found. This could explain the probability (a) of belonging to the group of inmates with instrumental or impulsive crimes (R2 N ≥ .52, OR ≥ 1.02, p ≤ .021), and (b) that recidivism, designated by the prison security level imposed, increases (R2 ≥ .53, β ≥ 1.16, p ≤ .008). Conclusions: The instrument is a valid and reliable measure that allows a dimensional and integrative assessment of the personality of convicts of the HP, according to ICD-11 standards.
 Authors’ contributions 
 LMHO, DNRC, and RMCA conceived the article;
 DNRC and PAAV collected the data;
 LMHO and PAAV performed the statistical analysis;
 LMHO reviewed the contents; and
 RMCA advised on the entire study and manuscript preparation process.
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Nunn, Frederick M. "“Mendacious Inventions”, Veracious Perceptions: “The Peruvian Reality of Vargas Llosa's La Ciudad Y Los Perros”." Americas 43, no. 4 (1987): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007189.
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“The interpretation of our reality through patterns not our own serves only to make us more unknown, ever less free, ever more solitary.”Gabriel García Márquez, Nobel Lecture, 1982In the second half of this century, we have been told, the Latin American novel came of age. Authors no longer felt constrained to subject indigenous contents to alien forms. Instead contents suggested forms truly representative of societies, polities, and cultures in search of identity and struggling with numerous historic problems, some not even of their own region's making.Although Latin American novels have long been recognized as important to the area's cultural development, as indicators of literary achievement, and as valuable sources for scholars, few works published between Machado de Assis's Dom Casmuro (1900) and Miguel Angel Asturias's Men of Corn (Hombres de maiz, 1949) could be described as aesthetic magna opera. In the long hiatus essayists took up the task of portraying reality, producing such classics as Euclides da Cunha's Rebellion in the Backlands (Os Sertões, 1902), José Vasconcelos's The Cosmic Race (La raza cósmica, 1925), José Carlos Mariátegui's Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality (Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana, 1927), Alberto Edwards Vives's The Aristocratic Fronde (La fronda aristocrática, 1927), and Ezequiel Martínez Estrada's X-Ray of the Pampa (Radiografía de la pampa, 1933).
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Chicoine, David. "Ancient urbanism and complex societies in the Peruvian Desert: recent field research on the north and south coasts." Antiquity 91, no. 358 (2017): 1098–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.92.
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The two monographs under review here are both published by the University Press of Florida and both feature results of field research at two previously understudied sites on the north and south coasts of Peru. Based on descriptions of excavation contexts and the analysis of material remains, Melissa Vogel and Christina Conlee discuss the implications of El Purgatorio and La Tiza for understanding Casma urbanism and the development of complex societies in Nasca, respectively. Field and laboratory results are used to revisit perennial questions in Andean archaeology, including the origins of urbanism, human-environment interactions and the role of regional phenomena in the unfolding of local cultures. While both authors report on site-based projects, they structure their presentations differently. Conlee takes a more regional approach, synthesising previous research at the national, regional, local and site levels. Vogel takes a more site-centric approach, presenting a summary of the ancient city's organisation and examining its impact on regional developments.
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Einarsdóttir, Anna Björk. "Comintern Aesthetics in the Andes: The Indigenous Revolutionary." Science & Society 85, no. 4 (2021): 443–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/siso.2021.85.4.443.
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The fight against imperialism and racism was central to the Comintern's political and cultural program of the interwar period. Although the more immediate interests of the Soviet state would come to overshadow such causes, the cultural and political connections forged during this time influenced later forms of organizing. Throughout the interwar period (1918-39), the Soviet Union served as the core location of a newly formed world-system of socialist and communist radicalism. The origin of Latin American Marxism in the work of the Peruvian theorist and political organizer José Carlos Mariátegui, as well as the politically committed literature associated with the interwar communist left in the Andean region of Latin America, shows how literature and theory devoted to the indigenous revolutionary contributed to interwar Marxist debates. The interwar influence of Mariátegui and César Vallejo makes clear the importance of resisting attempts to drive a wedge between the two authors and the broader communist movement at the time.
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Hughes, Jennifer Scheper, James Kyung-Jin Lee, Amanda Lucia, and S. Romi Mukherjee. "Take it Outside." Boom 5, no. 4 (2015): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2015.5.4.54.
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California is experiencing a proliferation of public religious celebrations like never before. The authors focus on four public celebrations: the throwing of colors during Holi, an annual pilgrimage to Manzanar, the Peruvian celebration of El Señor de Los Milagros, and Noche de Altares. Even as these and many other similar festivals simultaneously represent the irruption and interruption of the sacred in the public sphere, these festivals reflect the multi-religious character of immigration. These public rituals say something about the pursuit of belonging in California and in the United States within an increasingly diverse and multicultural landscape. Those who participate together as intimate strangers are often seeking only a temporary affiliation, perhaps a place for a moment to engage one another beyond the context of the marketplace. In sharing in these religious and cross-cultural experiences, participants become enmeshed in the complicated and vibrant diversity of California, up close and personal, as physical as the bodies encountered there.
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Barboza Castillo, Elgar, Efrain Y. Turpo Cayo, Cláudia Maria de Almeida, et al. "Erratum: Barboza Castillo, E., et al. Monitoring Wildfires in the Northeastern Peruvian Amazon Using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Imagery in the GEE Platform. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9, 564." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3 (2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030120.
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Spiegel, Elizabeth, Kathryn C. Nesbit, Ketly Altenor, et al. "Valuation of Life With Disability: An International Comparison Study in Vietnam, Peru, and Haiti." Journal of Child Neurology 36, no. 7 (2021): 556–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073820983262.
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The authors measured perceived quality of life for 4 disabilities among 450 adults in 3 resource-limited countries, measuring mean utilities using time trade-off, and surveying participants on 35 sociocultural characteristics to compare utilities for disabilities by country and examine associated sociocultural characteristics. Mean utilities were >0 for mild and moderate, but <0 for severe and profound. Utilities differed across countries ( P = .007, .000, .017, .000 for mild, moderate, severe, profound, respectively). Vietnamese utilities correlated with residence ( P = .03, moderate), education ( P = .03, severe), and number of children ( P = .03, moderate). Peruvian utilities correlated with education ( P = .05, mild; P = .05, severe), experience with disability ( P = .001, mild), gender ( P = .04, moderate; P = .03, profound), number of hospitalizations ( P = .04, severe). In Haiti, the only correlate was rejection ( P = .02, moderate). Culture-specific variables differentially shape perceptions of disability in developing countries, thereby affecting cost-effectiveness calculations. Given substantially negative perceptions, reducing major disability would improve cost-effectiveness of health-policy decisions more than reducing mortality.
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Díaz, Willard. "Las tradiciones en Arequipa." Aula Palma, no. 20 (January 2, 2023): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/ap.v20i20.4468.
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 En este artículo se exponen las principales modalidades narrativas de los tradicionistas arequipeños Mariano Ambrosio Cateriano y Francisco Ibáñez. Se sigue la impronta de Ricardo Palma en las obras de ambos autores y se señalan las diferencias entre cada uno de ellos. Asimismo, se revelan hechos dentro del campo literario que determinaron el rápido desplazamiento del género de la tradición en favor de la producción de cuentos modernos.
 Palabras clave: Mariano Ambrosio Cateriano, Francisco Ibáñez, Ricardo Palma, Tradiciones peruanas, cuento moderno.
 
 
 
 
 
 Abstract
 In this article, the main narrative modalities of the traditionalists from Arequipa, Mariano Ambrosio Cateriano and Francisco Ibáñez, are presented. The influence of Ricardo Palma in the works of both authors is followed and the differences between each of them are pointed out. In addition, it reveals facts within the literary field that determined the early displacement of the genre of tradition towards the production of modern tales.
 Keywords: Mariano Ambrosio Cateriano, Francisco Ibáñez, Ricardo Palma, Peruvian Traditions, modern tales.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Alexandre, Paulo, Rui Dias, and Paula Heliodoro. "HOW LONG IS THE MEMORY OF THE REGION LAC STOCK MARKET?" Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2020): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/balkans.jetss.2020.3.2.131-137.
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Coronavirus Covid-19 is a type of outbreak that first appeared in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 12, 2020. This trial aims to test the hypothesis of an efficient market, in its weak form, in the context of the global pandemic, in the financial markets of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Mexico. The sample comprises daily data from July 2015 to June 2020 and is divided into two sub-periods pre and during Covid-19. The purpose of this analysis was to answer whether: i) the global pandemic (Covid-19) increased synchronization in the financial markets under analysis? ii) if so, could the persistence of profitability delimit the hypothesis of portfolio diversification? The results of the Gregory-Hansen test show very significant levels of integration in the periods before and during the Covid pandemic. In addition, we found that most of the breaks in structure are in March 2020. The results of the DFA exponents show that during the pre-Covid period, the Peruvian market shows persistence, suggesting signs of inefficiency (long memories), while the Argentinean market shows anti persistence, and the remaining markets show an equilibrium trend. In addition, we found that during the VOCID period the Chilean and Colombia markets show very significant signs of inefficiency, with moderate signs of in (efficiency) the Argentinean, Brazilian and Peruvian markets. In addition, we verified that the Mexican market shows signs of anti-persistence. In conclusion, the emerging markets of Latin America show, for the most part, long persistent and significant memories during the Covid pandemic outbreak, that is, they show signs of in (efficiency). The authors consider that the results achieved are of interest to investors seeking opportunities in these stock exchanges, as well as to policy makers to carry out institutional reforms in order to increase the efficiency of stock markets and promote the sustainable growth of financial markets.
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Bain, Carolyn, Maria Teresa Núñez Butrón, Vanesa Castillo, Wilfredo Larios, Vivien Tsu, and Ron Balassaninan. "Training to Improve the Quality of Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Low-Resource Settings." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 3 (2018): 5s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.10030.
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Purpose Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women in Latin America, yet many countries lack the capacity to provide early detection and diagnostic services. In Peru, mammograms are not readily available in secondary cities, and 57% of women who are diagnosed with BC are diagnosed with stage III and IV disease. To bring services to women in a northern region of Peru, PATH collaborated with Peruvian health institutions at the local, regional, and national levels to design and implement a strategic algorithm with which to increase the early detection of BC in the absence of mammography. Here, we evaluate the impact of training on the quality of clinical breast exam (CBE), ultrasound triage, and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) sampling and the reading of FNA biopsy for triage-positive women. Methods Two hundred twenty-four midwives and 15 doctors were included in two-step training in Trujillo, Peru. CBE trainings were performed using anatomic models and patient exams in 2-day sessions. Team discussion with trainers was used to improve skills. Doctors’ trainings for FNA sampling were led by two international expert pathologists in 2014 and by a Peruvian expert pathologist in 2016. Then in 2017, 43 pretraining and 50 post-training FNA biopsy samples were evaluated for adequacy and quality of diagnosis. Results Since the trainings, 14,223 women have received CBE on an opportunistic basis. Midwives refer abnormal cases (n = 281) for follow-up. All doctors felt well trained for CBE and FNA, whereas five of 15 doctors perceived the need for additional ultrasound training. Quality assessment revealed that the adequacy of FNA samples improved from 26% pretraining to 37% post-training. Of the 43 FNA samples, a low concordance with reviewers was observed in the detection of suspicious/carcinoma (6.9% v 13.9%), whereas full concordance was observed after the training, although the numbers were small. Conclusion In Peru, CBE remains an acceptable and feasible approach if complemented with ultrasound triage and FNA biopsy. Additional efforts are needed to increase coverage through a structured program. Training and continuous monitoring are essential for quality assurance. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Ronald Balassanian Stock or Other Ownership: Cerus Corp ($400.00)
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Katz, Esther, Claudia L. Lopez, Marie Fleury, et al. "No greens in the forest? Note on the limited consumption of greens in the Amazon." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 81, no. 4 (2012): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2012.048.
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The consumption of greens is reported as being very minor among Amazonian Indians. The authors of this article present a new review of this subject, based on fieldwork with Amerindians and other populations in different parts of the Brazilian Amazon and French Guiana. Written sources on Brazilian, Peruvian, Columbian and Venezuelan Amazon were also reviewed. The consumption of cultivated, semi-cultivated and wild species of greens was taken into account here, as the data specific to wild greens is very scarce. It is confirmed that greens are not commonly eaten among native Amazonians and that some ethnic groups do not consume them at all. The consumed species are usually young shoots of weeds or cassava leaves. Common in the Belém region are some specific aromatic plants, which have been diffused to other parts of the Amazon, together with introduced plants such as kale and coriander. Migrants from Northeastern Brazil settled in the Amazon consume some cultivated greens, especially aromatic plants. Maroons are the ones who use more greens in their diet. Native Amazonian people, who supplement agriculture with game and fish, follow a hunter-gatherer pattern, preferring wild fruit and tubers to greens.
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Bologna, Eduardo León, and María Del Carmen Falcón. "Migración sur-sur: factores relacionales e inserción segmentada de la población boliviana y peruana en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina / South-south migration: relational factors and segmented insertion of the Bolivian and Peruvian population in the city of Córdoba, Argentina." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 31, no. 3 (2016): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v31i3.13.
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Como caso de migración sur-sur se analizan las poblaciones de origen boliviano y peruano residentes en la ciudad de Córdoba, con la hipótesis del mayor peso explicativo de factores relacionales respecto de las diferencias de desarrollo entre las regiones de origen y destino.Se comparan la estructura demográfica, la inserción educativa y la distribución espacial de las dos poblaciones entre los censos nacionales de 2001 y 2010. Por razones de disponibilidad de los datos la inserción ocupacional sólo se describe en el censo de 2001, y a través de los antecedentes por medio de encuestas para el periodo siguiente.Se concluye que el atractivo de Córdoba se debe más a los vínculos históricos que estos dos colectivos migrantes han forjado con la ciudad que al nivel de desarrollo económico o social de ésta.AbstractPopulations of Bolivian and Peruvian origin resident in the city of Córdoba are analyzed as a case of south-south migration, the main hypothesis with the greatest explanatory weight being relational factors regarding the differences in development between the regions of origin and destination.The authors compare the demographic structure, educational integration and spatial distribution of the two populations between the national censuses of 2001 and 2010. For reasons of data availability, occupational insertion is only described in the 2001 census, and through records in the surveys for the following period.The authors conclude that Córdoba’s attraction is due more to the historical links these two migrant groups have forged with the city than to its level of economic or social development.
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Leon, Jose Mostacero, Helmut Yabar, Eloy Lopez Medina, William Zelada Estraver, Jordan De La Cruz Castillo, and Armando Efrain Gil Rivero. "Identification, Mapping and Ethnobotany of Plant Species in the Peruvian High Andean Wetlands: Stimulating Biodiversity Conservation Efforts towards Sustainability." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 2 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n2p66.
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The high Andean wetlands of Peru provide not only the well-known ecosystem services such as water storage, flood mitigation, erosion control, and purification of water, but are also a source of income for local economies (as fodder), have medicinal properties, are a source of food, contribute to the development of ecotourism among many other uses. Economic and population growth have already damaged many parts of the high Andean wetlands including their rich flora. In order to promote the conservation of its diversity and unique flora, this study conducted extensive botanical explorations to identify and map the floristic composition of the high Andean wetlands of La Libertad, Peru, as well as their influence on local communities. The authors conducted explorations taking taxonomic, biogeographic and ethno biological data of the flora species as well as their therapeutic and economic botany. The study identified 64 species of flora distributed in 46 genera and 27 families including Asteraceae (with 8 species), Juncaceae (with 7 species), Poaceae (with 6 species), Cyperaceae (with 5 species), Licopodiaceae and Rosaceae (with 4 species each), Apiaceae, Gentianaceae, Orobanchaceae and Sphagnaceae (with 3 species each) and Poligonaceae (with 2 species). With reference to economic botany, it was found that 32.8% of species constitute resources with a very good economic benefit. The study concludes that it is imperative to take actions to protect the high Andean wetlands as they are ecosystems with great biodiversity. This study contribution expects to raise concerns regarding the increasing impact of economic and population growth on the loss of not only natural habitats but species as well. Conservation efforts will help protect the heritage of the Andes wetlands for future generations.
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Lopera, Maria, Romina Vera, Carlos Tapia, Carlos Cabrera, Jose Gonzales-Zamora, and jorge Alave. "583. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Antibodies after Vaccination with Sinopharm in Peruvian Physicians." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (2021): S394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.781.
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Abstract Background Peru started its national vaccination campaign in February 2021 using Sinopharm vaccine, targeting healthcare personnel on its initial phase. Although the immunogenicity of this vaccine was tested in clinical trials, there are no studies that evaluated the humoral response post vaccination in Peru. Methods We conducted a cross sectional study, which objective was to evaluate the humoral immunogenicity triggered by the Sinopharm vaccine in Peruvian physicians. We collected demographic and epidemiologic data via an electronic. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1/S2 antibodies were measured by chemiluminescense (Liaison®). A positive test was defined as &gt;15 U/ml, which has correlation of 95% with neutralizing antibodies measured by plaque reduction neutralizing test. Results 92 participants were enrolled in the study. The epidemiologic characteristics are described in table 1. The mean level of antibodies measured at least 2 weeks from the second vaccine dose was 67.5 ± 70.5 U/ml. 85.7% of the study cohort had positive S1/S2 antibodies. In the univariate analysis, an imperfect negative correlation was found between the level of antibodies and participants’ age (r= -0.24; regression F test 5.25; p = 0.0242). A weak negative correlation was observed between the antibody titer and the time elapsed from the second vaccine dose and the day of antibody measurement (r= -0.17). A higher antibody level post vaccine was found in individuals who worked in COVID units (105.5 U / mL vs 58.2 U / mL; p = 0.0125), and in participants with history of COVID (216.5 U / mL vs 81.2 U / mL; p = &lt; 0.0000). Hypertension was associated with lower antibody titers (36.9 U / mL vs. 74.6; p = 0.0464). In the multivariate analysis, working in COVID units, having previous COVID infection and shorter time from second vaccine dose and day of antibody measurement were associated with higher antibody levels post vaccine (table 2). Conclusion Our study showed that the time elapsed from the second vaccine dose and the day of antibody measurement, having previous COVID-19 infection and working in COVID -19 units may help to predict higher antibody titers post vaccine. Larger studies to evaluate the humoral response post Sinopharm vaccine and its clinical implications are still needed in Peru. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Jeifets, Victor, and Lazar Jeifets. "The Cominternist Origins of Current Socialist Bolivarianism." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2022): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.2.15.
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Introduction. The article examines the Comintern “trace” in the formation of modern “Bolivarian socialism”, proclaimed by the leaders of Venezuela at the beginning of the 21st century. Communist postulates (in the Comintern perception) were, certainly, not the only source of the formation of the ideology of the ruling Socialist United Party of Venezuela. At the same time, a number of the postulates were formulated back in the 1920s by activists of the Venezuelan Revolutionary Party (later they became members of the country’s Communist Party) and the Socialist Party of Ecuador. A number of similar concepts were the subject of discussions between the leadership of the Comintern and the Peruvian People’s Revolutionary Alliance and were also debated during one of the congress of the Communist International. Another important aspect explored by the authors is the analogy between the processes of the formation of a united left party in Venezuela in the 1930s and in the 2000s (as a comparative example, the pattern of creating a united revolutionary party within the framework of the Castro revolution in Cuba was also used). Methods and materials. The study uses a set of methods of analysis adopted in historical and political science, namely documentary analysis, systemic and comparative analysis. Analysis and Results. The cases presented in the article prove that Socialism of the 21st century is not the exclusive creation of Hugo Chavez, but is closely related to ideological discussions in the international left-wing movement of the first half of the 20th century. The article is based primarily on archival documents, which allowed the authors to show little-known pages in the history of Latin American left-wing parties. Authors’ contribution. V.L. Jeifets and L.S. Jeifets made joint analysis of the archival documents, carried out the study of historiography, and developed the theoretical framework of the research. The conclusions also are the product of joint work.
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Cequea, Mirza Marvel, Jessika Milagros Vásquez Neyra, Valentina Gomes Haensel Schmitt, and Marcos Ferasso. "Household Food Consumption and Wastage during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: A Comparison between Peru and Brazil." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147583.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a major global challenge. In Latin America, both Brazil and Peru reported the highest levels of impact in terms of proportional infection and death rates. Within this context, this study sought to compare food consumption and wastage patterns in Peruvian and Brazilian households. For these purposes, the authors conducted a quantitative research study based on a self-reported online survey submitted during the pandemic outbreak. Results revealed that the intention of reducing food wastage and implementing leftover management routines are related to the economic value of wasted food. In addition, in both countries, shopping lists are used as planning elements, and food purchases are influenced by on-sale products. Leftover management is also similar in both countries, and the expiration date on the label is the most commonly used criterion for consuming or discarding food items. Nevertheless, within the framework of the health and economic crisis generated, opportunities for change toward the adoption of smarter and more sustainable purchasing behaviors are emerging for both households and companies, in addition to giving equal importance to environmental, social, and economic benefits. This research study provided insights into food consumption and food wastage behaviors in times of crisis, such as a pandemic.
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Varona, Luis, and Jorge R. Gonzales. "Dynamics of the impact of COVID-19 on the economic activity of Peru." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0244920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244920.
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Background The COVID-19 virus impacts human health and the world economy, causing in Peru, more than 800 thousand infected and a strong recession expressed in a drop of -12% in its economic growth rate for 2020. In this context, the objective of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the short-term behavior of economic activity, as well as to explain the causal relationships in a Pandemic context based on the basic number of spread (Re) of COVID-19 per day. Methods An Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model was used. Results A negative and statistically significant impact of the COVID-19 shock was found on the level of economic activity and a long-term Cointegration relationship with an error correction model (CEM), with the expected sign and statistically significant at 1%. Conclusion The Pandemic has behaved as a systemic shock of supply and aggregate demand at the macroeconomic level, which together have an impact on the recession or level of economic activity. The authors propose changing public health policy from an indiscriminate suppression strategy to a targeted, effective and intelligent mitigation strategy that minimizes the risk of human life costs and socioeconomic costs, in a context of uncertainty about the end of the Pandemic and complemented by economic, fiscal and monetary policies that mitigate the economic recession, considering the underlying structural characteristics of the Peruvian economy.
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Varona, Luis, and Jorge R. Gonzales. "Dynamics of the impact of COVID-19 on the economic activity of Peru." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0244920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244920.
Full textAbstract:
Background The COVID-19 virus impacts human health and the world economy, causing in Peru, more than 800 thousand infected and a strong recession expressed in a drop of -12% in its economic growth rate for 2020. In this context, the objective of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the short-term behavior of economic activity, as well as to explain the causal relationships in a Pandemic context based on the basic number of spread (Re) of COVID-19 per day. Methods An Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model was used. Results A negative and statistically significant impact of the COVID-19 shock was found on the level of economic activity and a long-term Cointegration relationship with an error correction model (CEM), with the expected sign and statistically significant at 1%. Conclusion The Pandemic has behaved as a systemic shock of supply and aggregate demand at the macroeconomic level, which together have an impact on the recession or level of economic activity. The authors propose changing public health policy from an indiscriminate suppression strategy to a targeted, effective and intelligent mitigation strategy that minimizes the risk of human life costs and socioeconomic costs, in a context of uncertainty about the end of the Pandemic and complemented by economic, fiscal and monetary policies that mitigate the economic recession, considering the underlying structural characteristics of the Peruvian economy.