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1
Caruzo, Giusseppe, and José Cardozo. "Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: a new case from Venezuela." Tropical Doctor 38, no. 4 (October 2008): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2008.070426.
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Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is not often seen. To date, less than 300 cases have been communicated to the medical literature since the disease was first discovered in 1965. Six of these reports originated in Venezuela. The authors describe a new spontaneous case of PAM in a 33-year-old previously healthy Western-Venezuelan man.
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Nuryanti, Nuryanti, and Salsabila Salsabila. "Strategi Kebijakan Pemerintah Venezuela di Tengah Krisis." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v5i2.7625.
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In the era of president Nicolas Maduro, the Venezuela faced economic crisis. It affects to social and economic decline. The govenment is in the chellenge of public trust and political instablity. The Maduro performance perceived as less effective and repressive that lead to the society questioning about government capacity to solve the problems. Thus, the authors are interested in explaining the efforts of the Venezuelan government in dealing with the crisis. The author uses descriptive qualitative research methods and data collection techniques based on literature study. The data source comes from the literature published by scholars and experts on Venezuelan politics and the Latin American economic crisis. The author notes several actions of the Venezuelan government in dealing with the economic crisis including: (1) economic policies reform; (2) diplomacy of foreign aid to China; (3) food price stabilization: (4) strengthening public health services; and (5) strengthening regional cooperation with organizations in the Latin American region.
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Saveleva, I. V. "Legitimization Mechanisms in the Media Discourse (A Case Study of the New Media)." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 18, no. 6 (2019): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-6-188-198.
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Purpose. Today, new media play a crucial role in legitimating political relations. Theoretical background of the current research draws on the social cognitive approach to discourse studies. From this perspective, legitimization is understood as one of the major ways of establishing social dominance in the process of meaning negotiation. As the meanings in discourse can vary, discourse actors have tools to attribute components of meaning to specific affairs, for instance, political and social. An analysis of the news discourse aims to identify major mechanisms of establishing legitimacy of political decisions conducted by political institutions. The authors describe discursive features of constructing political decisions by applying the method of discourse analysis to the news on Venezuelan crisis, which took place in the winter 2018–2019. Results. As the study of the empirical data demonstrates, the British mass media tend to construct discursive representation of Latin America’s events by introducing of several groups of actors in the news on the Venezuelan crisis. Generally, these groups relate to socio-political hierarchy. They include individual, collective, institutional and international actors. By tracing the elements of their agency in Venezuelan crisis 2019 news, authors assume that their functions in news construction are directly connected to the mechanism of objectivation. Recognizing the informative function of media as one of the major, authors argue that this mechanism also relates to establishing legitimacy in discursive practices. The ways by which the actors of the events in the discourse on Venezuela have been embedded in the articles show the creation of increasingly formed belief in legitimate actions of the new opposition leader. Conclusion. The study contributes to the methods of discourse analysis as well as to the search for legitimization strategies applied by the media. The implications of the study include the comparative analysis of British and Russian new media discourse.
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BERRY, CHRISTOPHER M., EDUARDO MOREL, JAIRO MOJICA, and CARLOS VILLARROEL. "Devonian plants from Colombia, with discussion of their geological and palaeogeographical context." Geological Magazine 137, no. 3 (May 2000): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800003964.
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Plant fossils are described from the Cuche Formation, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia in the area of Floresta. Those identified as Colpodexylon cf. deatsii Banks and cf. Archaeopteris sp. suggest an earliest Late Devonian (Frasnian) age for the formation. These or similar taxa are also found in contemporaneous deposits in western Venezuela, and other elements of the Venezuelan flora are found in a geographically intermediate locality. All three Devonian plant localities in the northwest of South America are within the Colombian Eastern Cordillera and its northern extension, the Venezuelan Perijá Range, an area that has been integrated as a part of the so-called ‘Eastern Andean Terrane’ or ‘Central Andean Province’, supposedly accreted to the autochthonous block of the Guyana Shield during the early Jurassic or before. Although both invertebrates and plants from this terrane have strong affinities to North American and European assemblages, and might be interpreted as implying a Laurussian origin for the Eastern Andean Terrane, the evidence is not yet unequivocal, with some authors postulating an in situ development of this province.
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Musialkowska, Ida, Agata Kliber, Katarzyna Świerczyńska, and Paweł Marszałek. "Looking for a safe-haven in a crisis-driven Venezuela." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 14, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-01-2020-0009.
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Purpose This paper aims to find, which of the assets: gold, oil or bitcoin can be considered a safe-haven for investors in a crisis-driven Venezuela. The authors look also at the governmental change of approach towards the use and mining of cryptocurrencies being one of the assets and potential applications of bitcoin as (quasi) money. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected the daily data (a period from 01 May 2014 to 31 July 2018) on the development of the following magnitudes: Caracas Stock Exchange main index: Índice Bursátil de Capitalisación (IBC) index; gold price in US dollars, the oil price in US dollars and Bitcoin price in bolivar fuerte (VEF) (LocalBitcoins). The authors estimated a threshold VAR model between IBC and each of the possible safe-haven assets, where the trigger variable was the IBC; then the authors modelled the residuals from the TVAR model using MGARCH model with dynamic conditional correlation. Findings The results show that that gold is a better safe-haven than oil for Venezuelan investors, while bitcoin can be considered a weak safe haven. Still, bitcoin can perform (to a certain extent) money functions in a crisis-driven country. Research limitations/implications Further research after the change of local currency from VEF into bolivar soberano might be looked at on the later stage. Practical implications The authors provide evidence on which of analysed asset is the best safe-haven for the investors acting in the time of the crisis. The evidence goes in line with other authors’ findings, thus, the results might bring implications for investors of more universal character. Additionally, the result might be helpful for governments and/or monetary authorities while projecting institutional frameworks and conducting monetary policy. Social implications The unprecedented economic crisis in Venezuela was one of the factors that fuelled the mining and use of cryptocurrencies in the daily life of its citizens. Nowadays, the country is a leader in terms of the use of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in Latin America. The results show a potential application of bitcoin as a store of value or even means of payments in Venezuelan (or in other countries affected by the crisis). Originality/value The paper builds on the original data set collected by the authors and brings evidence from the models the authors constructed to verify, which asset is the best option for investors in hard times of the crisis. The authors add to the existing literature on financial assets, cryptocurrencies and behaviour of investors under different economic conditions.
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Searer, Gary R., and Eduardo A. Fierro. "Criticism of Current Seismic Design and Construction Practice in Venezuela: A Bleak Perspective." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 4 (November 2004): 1265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1806831.
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During a recent visit to Caracas, Venezuela, the authors discovered that while Venezuela has adopted a building code with modern seismic provisions (Norma Covenin 1756-98) and does in fact enforce a majority of these provisions, significant conceptual errors in the design of the lateral force-resisting systems of new buildings are recurring on a near-universal level, often as a result of ignoring the potential adverse effects of nonstructural elements on the structural system. In the event of a large earthquake, this design philosophy will have substantial economic and life-safety repercussions unless the typical design philosophy of Venezuelan engineers and architects changes. It is hoped that this paper will serve as a call to action for engineers of all countries to recognize the potential adverse effects of nonstructural elements on the behavior of the lateral force-resisting system.
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Moscovich, Mariana, Renato P. Munhoz, Nilson Becker, Egberto Reis Barbosa, Alberto J. Espay, Roberto Weiser, and Hélio A. G. Teive. "Américo Negrette and Huntington's disease." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 69, no. 4 (August 2011): 711–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000500025.
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The authors present a historical review of the seminal clinical contribution of Professor Américo Negrette, a Venezuelan neurologist, to the evolution of scientific knowledge about Huntington's disease.
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Olivero Sanchez, Felix, Lenin Suasnabas Pacheco, Patterson Solis Velasco, and Sofia Jacome Encalada. "Reflexiones sobre Calidad Educativa en la educación universitaria venezolana / Reflections on the educational quality in the Venezuelan University." Ciencia Unemi 8, no. 14 (August 24, 2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol8iss14.2015pp75-82p.
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El propósito de este artículo es describir la calidad educativa en la educación universitaria venezolana, se presenta una breve descripción del término calidad educativa y de los intentos por evaluarla en las universidades venezolanas. La metodología que se utilizó fue un estudio bibliográfico, descriptivo, de tipo documental, la técnica usada fue el uso de fichas bibliográficas. Las categorías consideradas por los autores fueron: a) reflexiones sobre el concepto de calidad educativa; b) las experiencias de las universidades venezolanas en torno al tema; y c) experiencias del estado venezolano para evaluar la calidad educativa a nivel universitaria. Como conclusión se tiene que se debe seguir trabajando para realizar nuevas definiciones del término calidad educativa en el contexto venezolano, y que las universidades venezolanas y el Estado venezolano han tenido mecanismos para evaluarla, sin embargo, no se han observados cambios en la transformación de la universidad venezolana. AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe the quality of education in the Venezuelan university; this is a brief description of the term educational quality and its attempts to evaluate it in the Venezuelan universities. The methodology used was a bibliographic, descriptive, documentary-style study, the technique used were the bibliographical cards. The categories considered by the authors were: a) Reflections on the concept of educational quality; b) The experiences of the Venezuelan universities on the subject; and c) The experiences of the Venezuelan state to assess the educational quality of university. In conclusion, new definitions should be developed about educational quality in the Venezuelan context, and the Venezuelan universities and the Venezuelan government they both have had mechanisms to evaluate the quality of education, however changes have not been observed to transform the Venezuelan University yet.
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Aliev, Nariman, Vadim Mikhailovich Vysotskii, and Andrea Dohnalova. "Azerbaijan-Venezuela relations." Мировая политика, no. 2 (February 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8671.2021.2.35719.
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The object of this collaborative study is the evolution of Azerbaijan-Venezuela relations since the moment of their establishment in 1995 till the present day. The purpose of the article is to define the main stages of development of bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Venezuela, detect the potential prospects of their development, denote areas of common interest in the global agenda, and study the source base of bilateral relations. Using the case study method, the authors not only analyze the actions of both parties aimed at the development of bilateral relations, but also predict the official strategy of Baku and Caracas of further advancement of the interstate dialogue. The authors arrive at a conclusion that the geopolitical grounds of Azerbaijan’s foreign policy have been influenced by its defeat in the First Karabakh War (1992 - 1994) and the occupation of 20% of its territory by the Armenian armed forces. In subsequent years, all foreign policy maneuvers of official Baku were reduced to one goal: to restore its territorial integrity. That was the reason for Baku’s aspiration to garner the support of other states. In this direction, the most fruitful one was the work of Azerbaijan diplomacy in Latin American countries including Venezuela. Notably, official Baku and Caracas have similar stands on many issues of global and domestic policy. For Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, close connections with Azerbaijan is an additional proof of his legitimacy in political in-fighting against the opposition. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that it is one of the first attempts to analyze Azerbaijan-Venezuela relations from a comprehensive perspective.
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Cevallos, Pryanka Peñafiel, and Mouly Cécile. "UNASUR in Venezuela: Mediation, Bias and Legitimacy." Contexto Internacional 41, no. 3 (December 2019): 579–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2019410300005.
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Abstract In light of the ongoing debate about the effectiveness of partial and impartial mediators, we examine how the Venezuelan government’s and the opposition’s perceptions of UNASUR and its good offices influenced its role as facilitator of dialogue between the two parties. We do so on the basis of interviews with key actors linked to the process, as well as a review of the literature and documentary sources. We find that, although there was a perception of lack of neutrality on the part of the mediators involved in the UNASUR effort to facilitate a dialogue in Venezuela, the parties themselves accepted the role of these mediators because they perceived that, through their means, they could achieve beneficial outcomes. Hence, we agree with various authors that the parties’ perception of a mediator is key. Nonetheless, we make a distinction between two types of perceptions that correspond to two types of legitimacy that a mediator can enjoy: ideological legitimacy and pragmatic legitimacy. We argue that the second type is essential and can explain the significant role that biased mediators play in various conflicts, such as that in Venezuela.
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Selgas, Gianfranco. "Variaciones de Caracas: el espacio como imagen textual en Celeste Olalquiaga, Yolanda Pantin y Arturo Uslar Pietri." Catedral Tomada. Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana 6, no. 10 (July 31, 2018): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ct/2018.298.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze how a selection of texts by Venezuelan authors Celeste Olalquiaga, Yolanda Pantin and Arturo Uslar Pietri, each produced in different historical stages of Venezuela, represent space as a textual-image. This representation of space as a textual-image portrays both its contemporaneity and a series of effects that stem from memory and the historical configuration of the city, to the suggestion of new ways of seeing and feeling at a given space. To answer this hypothesis, the corpus will be analyzed by articulating theoretical aspects of the visible and the enunciable (Jacques Rancière), and the idea of the generation of images based on the text’s textuality (Luz Horne). Taking these theoretical approaches as a starting point, it will be argued that by remediating Realism the study corpus conveys space as an image that both portrays its contemporaneity, and seeks to condense the affects induced by a determinate space such as the city of Caracas.
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Jiménez-Rivillas, Carlos, Juan J. García, Mario Alberto Quijano-Abril, Juan M. Daza, and Juan J. Morrone. "A new biogeographical regionalisation of the Páramo biogeographic province." Australian Systematic Botany 31, no. 4 (2018): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb18008.
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We identified biogeographical districts in the Páramo biogeographic province, in the north-western Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, including the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia, above 3000m ASL. We applied a parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) to 8418 distributional data of 4644 vertebrate and angiosperm species, distributed in the north-western Andes and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Areas analysed were selected according to the hypotheses of several authors. We obtained a single most parsimonious cladogram, which shows 10 groups of areas (southern Ecuadorian, central Ecuadorian, northern Ecuadorian, Venezuelan, Los Picachos, Sierra Nevada, Santa Inés-Sonsón, Paramillo del Sinú, Cordillera Oriental and Quindío) and a single isolated area (Farallones de Cali). We propose that these areas conform 11 biogeographical districts. The biogeographical districts obtained adjust to the ‘cordilleran pattern’, where páramos of each cordillera are linked together. This study supports the hypothesis that during different glacial periods, páramos of these cordilleras were connected and, subsequently, separated during interglacial periods.
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Gómez-López, Vicente Manuel. "Fruit characterization of Venezuelan avocado varieties of medium oil content." Scientia Agricola 57, no. 4 (December 2000): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162000000400031.
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The objective of the present paper was to characterize some avocado fruit varieties to increase the information pool for this fruit. Twelve avocado varieties of medium oil content (8.09-11.12%) from a Venezuelan orchard: Wilson Popenoe, Figueroa 1, Waldin, Puebla, Schaff, Celia, Araira FM, Adolfo, Esencia de la Vega, Lawhon, Winslowson, and Lujo were characterized for pulp oil and moisture; weight (whole fruit, seed, pulp, and peel); length, width, and fruit shape; peel characteristics (roughness, color and hand peeling); and ripeness time. Differences in oil content, moisture content and fruit weight were found when compared with results reported by other authors. The variety Puebla was the lightest (107 g) and the smallest (7.90 x 4.62 cm), while Wilson Popenoe presented the highest pulp proportion (82%). Most of the varieties were ovate, with rough green peel and easy to hand peel. Peak ripeness of some varieties was at 3-12 days. Potential yields of two varieties were higher that the Venezuelan average.
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Spencer, Charles S., Elsa M. Redmond, and Milagro Rinaldi. "Drained Fields at La Tigra, Venezuelan Llanos: A Regional Perspective." Latin American Antiquity 5, no. 2 (June 1994): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971559.
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This paper discusses drained-field studies in Venezuela, beginning with the first investigations two decades ago that focused on field systems themselves and proceeding to recent research by the authors that examined the drained fields of La Tigra as part of a regional-scale project in the state of Barinas. The La Tigra fields are dated to the Late Gaván phase (A.D. 550-1000), a time of extensive habitation in the region. An analysis of excavated pollen samples from the drained fields and a nearby village site has revealed that whereas maize was the predominant plant, there was notable intersite variability in the secondary cultigens. The paper also considers whether population pressure could have prompted the construction of the La Tigra fields. A comparison of archaeological population estimates to estimates of potential population under varying assumptions of productive capacity yields no indication of demographic pressures. We suggest that drained-field construction in this case was motivated primarily by political-economic considerations, part of a strategy whereby the regional elite sought to stimulate and mobilize the production of surplus by village farmers.
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Jeifets, Victor, and Bruno Mariotto Jubran. "The rise and fall of a strategic partnership: Brazilian-Russian relations within the BRICS framework." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 13, no. 3 (2020): 310–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2020.302.
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This article analyzes the recent evolution of Brazilian-Russian relations, with an emphasis on their interaction within the BRICS group. The authors claim that beyond the changes and un- certainties in global world order throughout the second decade of the 21st century, the evolution of Brazilian foreign policy, following the internal political conjectures in Brasilia, impacted not only the bilateral relations with Moscow, but also affected qualitatively its participation in the informal grouping. Political turmoil started in the South American nation in 2013 and the eventual impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in 2016 clearly marked a fundamental change in Brazil’s global orientation. Brazil abandoned its autonomist and soft revisionist stance on global affairs that characterized the Lula da Silva (2003–2010) and Rousseff (2011–2016) presidencies, and embraced a pro-US perspective, which became even more pronounced after the rise of Jair Bolsonaro in 2019. The article also addresses some prospects on possible paths of cooperation between Brasilia and Moscow in the near future and implications for neighboring countries, especially Argentina and Venezuela (the Venezuelan crisis as a factor of BRICS development is also considered).
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Jarman, Rebecca. "Bolivarian Landslides? Ecological Disasters, Political Upheavals and (Trans)National Futures in Contemporary Venezuelan Culture // ¿Derrumbes bolivarianos? Desastres ecológicos, sublevaciones políticas y futuros (trans)nacionales en la cultual venezolana actual." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 8, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2017.8.1.1056.
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In December 1999, the so-called “Vargas Tragedy” destroyed the Venezuelan coast after days of torrential rain caused over fifty landslides in the greater metropolitan area of Caracas. The disaster coincided with a referendum to redraft the Venezuelan constitution during the first year of Bolivarian Socialism, and was conceived of as a punctual political event that marked the beginning of a new historical period for Venezuela. This understanding of the landslides has been contested by authors and filmmakers who negotiate ecological crises as complex multitemporal, transnational processes. Focusing on the use of child protagonists in Una tarde con campanas (2004), a novel by Juan Carlos Méndez Guédez, and El chico que miente (2011), a film directed by Marité Ugás, this article analyses the creative strategies employed in contemporary Venezuelan culture that foreground alternative responses to the landslides. On the one hand, I argue that adolescence is used in these texts as a figurative device that rebels against the politicisation of the disaster and thus, by extension, undermines the state’s elision of a post-catastrophic and post-capitalist future. On the other, I argue that childhood is mediated as a heterogeneous site that defies facile reification, much like the disaster, and invites a reconsideration of the ways in which we conceptualise the relationship between the human and the non-human. Resumen En diciembre de 1999, la llamada “tragedia de Vargas” destruyó la costa venezolana después de días de lluvias torrenciales que causaron más de cincuenta derrumbes en las afueras de Caracas. El desastre coincidió con un referéndum para reformar la constitución venezolana durante el primer año del mandato de Hugo Chávez y, por lo tanto, se consideró un evento histórico que rompió con la “cuarta república” y marcó una nueva era para el país bolivariano. En el ámbito cultural, esta visión del desastre ha sido rechazada por varios autores y directores venezolanos, quienes señalan al desastre como un proceso no cronológico cuyos efectos e impactos transcienden las fronteras nacionales. Este artículo analiza el trama pos-catastrófico protagonizado por niños en Una tarde con campanas (2004), una novela de Juan Carlos Méndez Guédez, y El chico que miente (2011), una película de Marité Ugás. Por un lado, argumento que estos textos recurren a la infancia como un mecanismo narrativo que confronta la politización de la supervivencia y, por extensión, desautoriza las visiones de un futuro pos-capitalista/pos-catastrófico. Por otro lado, sugiero que la infancia se ve como un sitio heterogéneo que niega la codificación y el dualismo sociedad/naturaleza, exigiendo así una reconsideración de las relaciones entre lo humano y lo no-humano.
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MURRAY, PAMELA S. "‘Loca’ or ‘Libertadora’?: Manuela Sáenz in the Eyes of History and Historians, 1900–c.1990." Journal of Latin American Studies 33, no. 2 (May 2001): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x01006083.
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This article traces the historiography of the romantic yet poorly understood mistress, friend and political ally of Simón Bolívar: Manuela Sáenz Aizpuru de Thorne (1797–1856). It highlights two opposing schools of interpretation on Sáenz: the ‘bad girl’ and ‘heroine’ schools. Nationalism and the cult of Bolívar (especially among Venezuelan and Ecuadorean authors), have combined with the later influence of revolutionary socialist and feminist ideas to ensure the predominance of the latter and, thus, of an heroic-mythic view of Sáenz. Yet scholars' efforts to recover the historical woman have challenged this view and, above all, paved the way for a more nuanced, gender-conscious understanding of Sáenz's role and significance.
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Bouzaglo, Nathalie. "Plagiarism and Authorship in Turn-of-the-Century Venezuela." Comparative Literature 72, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8537742.
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Abstract This article explores the connection between modernismo, a literary movement that relied heavily on imitation and intertextuality, and accusations of plagiarism, copying, and appropriation. It contextualizes the analysis within a nineteenth-century legal moment in which intellectual property protections were just beginning to take hold at the international level. It examines claims of authorship in the absence of meaningful intellectual property legislation, and in an asymmetrical context in which European authors were widely reprinted and read in Latin America but Latin American authors were barely read in Europe. And it considers performances of plagiarizing and of being plagiarized—that is, the unease expressed by one who suspects his work has been copied. Specifically, the article analyzes an accusatory epistolary exchange between Enrique Gómez Carrillo and Manuel Díaz Rodríguez; the novel El hombre de hierro (The Iron Man; 1907) by Rufino Blanco Fombona, which was interpreted as a copy of Flaubert’s Madame Bovary but justified by its local character; and the very curious case of Rafael Bolívar Coronado, whose writing implodes the category of authorship that underlies intellectual property legislation. Taken together, the three cases demonstrate the development of the notions of authorship and plagiarism in Venezuelan literature at the turn of the century.
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Moncrieff Zabaleta, Henry. "Manifestations of Sovereignty in Venezuela and the Spirit of Bolivarian Revolution." Journal of Extreme Anthropology 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.6359.
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On December 8, 2012, in the last speech of the late Comandante Hugo Chávez, the issue of Venezuelan sovereignty reached its climax with the succinct phrase – ‘Today we have Homeland! (Patria)’. Currently, Venezuela is going through a large-scale political conflict, trying to make sense of a pressing economic and humanitarian crisis. The so-called Bolivarian Revolution that began in 1999 as a project of revolutionary and anti-imperialist democracy, plays out today at an unprecedented geopolitical scale, increasingly appearing in international media, a media that distorts the many points of tension between the war and the resistance that Venezuelans experience in their daily lives. The slogan ‘We have Homeland! (Patria)’ has become the center of discord, splitting this nation: while some defend Venezuelan nationalist socialism, others oppose the system that has ‘ruined’ the country’s economy. This photographic essay, produced between 2012 and 2016, as a part of the author’s ethnographic work on geographies and socialist societies in Venezuela, shows the complex ways in which the discourse of national and territorial sovereignty materializes in the state, in the body, in the ways of life, in the city, in the neighborhoods and in the deserters of the Venezuelan socialist regime that faces neoliberal globalization. Living between the borders of two economies articulated by the state, one socialist and the other capitalist, renders the Venezuelan spirit a subject that is both challenging and contradictory, something that manifests itself in Bolivarianism, the cult of Chávez, the attachment to consumer goods, the ‘escape’ from the system (even in the Caribbean Sea) and the anguish over the economic and political confinement of lives.
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De Salvo Cardullo, Luigi, Dalila De Salvo, Rodolfo J. Salas, Manzur Hassanhi, Luis S. Paz, Jesus E. Weir, Dalida Salas, and Alba Fuenmayor. "CD34+ Marker As Prognostic Factor in Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 4591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4591.4591.
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Abstract Abstract 4591 From 2008 to date we marked all Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) with monoclonal CD34. The authors consider presence of said marker on the CLL cell membrane is a prognostic added factor to positivity for CD38 and ZAP70. CLL frequency is lower in countries with mixed races, compared with Europe and North America. In Venezuela is 5.4% (Luigi De Salvo personal communication) where I have never diagnosed a CLL case in a pure Venezuelan Indian. Similar reports are documented from Japan and China, provided racial genetics. Since 2008 to date we studied 28 patients for CLL: male 18 and female 10 with CD34-labeled. All patients presented lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Flow cytometry revealed: HLA-Dr (33–100%), CD19 (44–100%), CD20 (28–95%), CD23 (63–100%), CD19 + CD5 (44–100%), CD23 + CD5 (28–100%) and CD19 + CD23 (28–100%) ZAP-70 (31–97%) and CD38 (12–75%). Of 28 patients studied, 21 individual CD34+ presented a variability of 10–99%. All had diffuse bone marrow infiltration, anemia and a white cell count range of 20.000–325,000/dl, with more than 80% lymphocytes of mature appearance. All patients presented discrete thrombocytopenia 70,000–120,000 plt/ml and responded well to standard treatment with Fludara + Rituximab. We believe presence of CD34 antigen on the cell membrane is an added risk factor for patients with CLL, producing an increased angiogenesis, and infiltration of organs and bone marrow by the leukemia cell. Lack of complete remission or negativity of Minimal Residual Disease may be CD34-linked. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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HERNÁNDEZ, VICTOR M. Q., and JOSÉ G. N. BARREAT. "Racekiela andina sp. nov. (Spongillida: Spongillidae): first report of a freshwater sponge from the Venezuelan Andes." Zootaxa 4341, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4341.2.8.
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The genus Racekiela Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998 comprises six species of freshwater sponges distributed along the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Neotropical regions (Van Soest et al. 2017). They are characterized by an isodictyal skeleton solely of acanthoxeas, sparse spongin fibers, and tri-layered gemmules with radially embedded gemmoscleres of two types, short birotules and long pseudobirotules (Manconi & Pronzato 2002; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado 2007). Four species occur in the Northern Hemisphere: R. biceps (Lindenschmidt, 1950) from Michigan (Lindenschmidt 1950), R. pictouensis (Potts, 1885) from eastern Canada to New York (Penney & Racek 1968), R. ryderii (Potts, 1882) which ranges from eastern North America to the British Isles, Faroes and Norway (Manconi & Pronzato 2002), and the recently described R. montemflumina Carballo, Cruz-Barraza, Yáñez & Gómez, 2017 from Northwestern Mexico (Carballo et al. 2017). It is worthy to note that R. pictouensis is considered to be an ecomorph of R. ryderii by several authors (Porrier 1977; Ricciardi & Reiswig 1993). The other two species, R. cavernicola (Volkmer-Ribeiro, Bichuette & Machado, 2010) and R. sheilae (Volkmer-Ribeiro, De Rosa-Barbosa & Tavares, 1988), are both known only from Brazil (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado 2007; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al. 2010). Here we describe a new member of the genus, found in lakes of high-mountain ecosystems, or páramos, in the Cordillera de Mérida. This constitutes the first record of specimens belonging to Racekiela for the Andes and Venezuela.
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RESTREPO, Angela, Luz Elena CANO, and Ángel GONZALEZ. "THE POWER OF THE SMALL: THE EXAMPLE OF Paracoccidioides brasiliensis CONIDIA." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 57, suppl 19 (September 2015): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652015000700003.
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SUMMARYResearch on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis has centered in the yeast cell probably because of the lack of distinctive features in the mycelium. In 1942 and for the first time, lateral conidia were noticed in the fungus' hyphae. Later on, Brazilian, Venezuelan and Argentinean researchers described "aleurias" when the fungus was grown in natural substrates. In 1970 authors became interested in the conidia and were able to obtain them in large numbers and treat them as individual units. Their shape and size were defined and the presence of all the elements of a competent eukaryotic cell were demonstrated. Conidia exhibited thermal dimorphism and, additionally, when given intranasally to BALB/c male mice, they converted into yeasts in the lungs and produce progressive pulmonary lesions with further dissemination to other organs. Studies on the phagocyte-conidia interaction were revealing and showed that these versatile structures allow a better understanding of the host- P. brasiliensisinteractions.
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LANE, DANIEL F., ANDREW W. KRATTER, and JOHN P. O’NEILL. "A new species of manakin (Aves: Pipridae; Machaeropterus) from Peru with a taxonomic reassessment of the Striped Manakin (M. regulus) complex." Zootaxa 4320, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.11.
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We describe a new taxon of manakin in the Machaeropterus regulus complex, from the foothills of southwestern Loreto and northern San Martín departments, Peru. This new form appears to be almost identical morphologically to the Tepui form M. regulus aureopectus but differs strongly from that and all other members of the M. regulus complex in voice. Therefore, we conclude that this population represents a new biological species that we here name Machaeropterus eckelberryi. Based on voice and some morphological characters, we concur with several previous authors (e.g., Whittaker & Oren 1999; Snow 2004; Ridgely & Tudor 2009) that nominate M. regulus (Eastern Striped Manakin), of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, should be separated as a biological species from the polytypic Machaeropterus striolatus of western South America (Western Striped Manakin), including M. s. striolatus of Amazonia, M. r. obscurostriatus and M. r. zulianus of the Venezuelan Andes, M. r. antioquiae of the Colombian Andes, and M. r. aureopectus of the tepuis region.
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Belokonev, Sergey Yu, Sergey A. Vodopetov, and Vladimir G. Ivanov. "THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION FROM VENEZUELA ON THE DOMESTIC POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE UNITED STATES." RUDN Journal of Political Science 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-2-240-253.
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The authors analyze the impact of migration from Venezuela on the domestic policy of the United States. According to the data for 2017, more than 11 percent of immigrants to the United States from South America are Venezuelans, and the same figure for 2016 was close to 9 percent, which indicates a fairly sharp increase in the number of refugees. An active influx of Venezuelans may be one of the key factors in the future US 2020 presidential elections. The largest diaspora of Venezuelans in the United States lives in Florida, which will be one of the key states in the future presidential election campaign. In connection with the potential loss of Republican’s positions in such an important region as Florida, it is necessary for the administration of Donald Trump to reconsider its policy in the state. In addition, representatives of the Democratic party are greatly interested in increasing influence in the state. Thus, the authors conclude that the administration of Donald Trump generally benefits from the crisis in Venezuela, as it will help to carry out a number of domestic political reforms aimed at economic protectionism and tackling of immigration.
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Torre, Esteban. "La métrica de Andrés Bello." Rhythmica. Revista Española de Métrica Comparada, no. 13 (January 1, 2015): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rhythmica.16158.
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El 15 de octubre de 2015 se cumplen 150 años de la muerte de Andrés Bello. En este trabajo –homenaje a la obra del ilustre filólogo venezolano– se estudia su original doctrina sobre la cantidad silábica, así como su concepción del verso como unidad rítmica, delimitada por la pausa final. Se lleva a cabo un detenido análisis comparativo con las ideas métricas de diversos autores de los siglos XIX y XX, partiendo de los precedentes de los siglos XV-XVIII.October 15th, 2015, marks the 150th anniversary of the death of Andrés Bello. In this tribute study of the work of the prestigious Venezuelan philologist, his individualistic doctrine on syllabic quantity is analyzed, together with his conception of the verse-line as a rhythmic unit marked off by an end-pause. A close comparative analysis is undertaken with the ideas on meter of a range of nineteenth and twentieth-century authors, while using as a point of departure those who belong to the period spanning the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries.
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Katz, Esther, Claudia L. Lopez, Marie Fleury, Robert Miller, Valeria Payê, Teresinha Dias, Franklin Silva, Zelandes Oliveira, and Elaine Moreira. "No greens in the forest? Note on the limited consumption of greens in the Amazon." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 81, no. 4 (2012): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2012.048.
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The consumption of greens is reported as being very minor among Amazonian Indians. The authors of this article present a new review of this subject, based on fieldwork with Amerindians and other populations in different parts of the Brazilian Amazon and French Guiana. Written sources on Brazilian, Peruvian, Columbian and Venezuelan Amazon were also reviewed. The consumption of cultivated, semi-cultivated and wild species of greens was taken into account here, as the data specific to wild greens is very scarce. It is confirmed that greens are not commonly eaten among native Amazonians and that some ethnic groups do not consume them at all. The consumed species are usually young shoots of weeds or cassava leaves. Common in the Belém region are some specific aromatic plants, which have been diffused to other parts of the Amazon, together with introduced plants such as kale and coriander. Migrants from Northeastern Brazil settled in the Amazon consume some cultivated greens, especially aromatic plants. Maroons are the ones who use more greens in their diet. Native Amazonian people, who supplement agriculture with game and fish, follow a hunter-gatherer pattern, preferring wild fruit and tubers to greens.
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Nevolko, O. M., V. A. Priskoka, B. M. Kurtiak, V. S. Svidersky, V. M. Skovpen, S. V. Skorokhod, R. A. Datsenko, A. A. Moroz, and V. N. Garkavenko. "Тенденції розвитку інфекційних захворювань, визначення їх ризику та прогнозу." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 73 (February 4, 2017): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7319.
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To conduct analysis of epizootic situation on infectious diseases during 2016 in Ukraine and the world. It revealed the presence of 37 infectious diseases (African swine fever, Bluetongue, Foot and mouth disease, Lumpy skin disease, Newcastle disease, Classical swine fever, Avian influenza, Sheep pox and goat, Epizootic hemorrhagic disease, Peste des petits ruminants, Covering disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Anthrax, Venezuelan Equina Encephalomyelitis, Infectious anemіya horses, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Rabbit Viral Hemorrhagic Disease, Monkeypox, African horse sickness, Rift valley fever, Myxomatosis, Hemorrhagic septicemia, Camelpox, Eastern equine sleeping sickness, Paratuberculosis, Heartwater disease, Avian Infectious Bronchitis, Infectious bovine rhinotracheites, West Nile fever, Scrapie in sheep, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, European foulbrood, Rabies, Arthritis-encephalitis of goats, Aujeszky’s disease, Tuberculosis, Brucellosis), that infected animals of different species (pigs, cattle, small cattle, birds, camels, horses, monkeys, bees, rabbits, dogs) in 97 countries. The authors argue, what diseases are at unequal stages of development of epizootic process (initial stage, evolution stage, the stage of fading) and therefore characterized by a different number of foci. The share of these four diseases accounted 91.7% of all outbreaks (Bluetongue – 37.6%, African swine fever – 19.6%, Lumpy Skin Disease – 18.06%, Avian influenza – 16.5%). These diseases have been identified as topical, most dangerous for animals on the territory of Ukraine. To defined predominance causative agents of these diseases in the space or on animals. Implemented risk analysis and prediction for short time while using a set of relevant indicators, which proved to be effective. Report on risk and forecast the authors carried out in information weekly and monthly serials.
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Robertson, Ewan. "Venezuela: violence, human rights, and health-care realities – Author's reply." Lancet 383, no. 9933 (June 2014): 1970–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60952-1.
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Livi Bacci, Massimo. "Venezuela's melting pot: 1500-1800." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 34, no. 2 (September 13, 2017): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0023.
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Not much is known about the demography of the native population of Venezuela in Colonial times. Until mid-17th century, some factual information may be gained from the narratives of the first conquistadores, missionaries and colonists, as well as of authors writing in later times of the Colony, but with access to original sources. After mid-17th century, some quantitative information of demographic relevance was collected by the Jesuit, Capuchin and Franciscan missionaries and, in the last decades of the 18th century, by the colonial administration and the religious authorities. The native population declined, from between 200,000 and 500,000 inhabitants at contact (guesstimates of modern authors) to perhaps 120,000 in 1800, according to Humboldt’s estimate. It is possible that the initial decline became steeper after the first smallpox pandemic of the 1580s and continued, at a slower pace, until the Independence. As in other regions of South America, marriage was early and almost universal, and the high ratio of births to deaths seems to indicate a high potential for growth, interrupted by frequent mortality crisis.A competing cause of the decline of the natives was the process of mestizaje that intensified with the increase of the population of European and African origin.
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Alvarado, Ángel, and Elena Dorrego. "Tecnología educativa y tecnologías de la comunicación en Venezuela." Comunicar 11, no. 21 (October 1, 2003): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c21-2003-10.
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The authors want to make a contribution to studies of educational technologies (TE) and information and communication technologies (TIC) in Venezuela. They reflect on the role of educational technologies when everybody talks today about information and communication technologies and they wonder if the first one died to allow the last one to emerge. This paper makes a review on some aspects referring to this question from the 70´ up to the present and concludes reflecting on the relevance of educational technologies nowadays. Contribuir al estudio de la tecnología educativa (TE) y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en Venezuela es el objetivo de este trabajo. Se ha avanzado en la corriente tecnológica y educativa, sin detenernos a reflexionar sobre lo recorrido. ¿Qué pasó con la TE?, ¿desapareció para dar paso a las TIC?, ¿por qué se hace mención casi de manera exclusiva a Internet y las redes, cuando nos referimos a las TIC? El trabajo se sustenta en la revisión de algunas publicaciones periódicas y documentos de eventos y encuentros, en atención a algunas ofertas de formación académica y en las disponibilidades de prestación de servicios en el área de la TE y de las TIC. A partir de esta revisión se analizan algunos aspectos fundamentales que permiten caracterizar y acercarse a este campo de estudio.
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Evstafiev, D., and A. Manoilo. "Modern color revolutions: from Belarus to Venezuela." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2101-06.
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This article is devoted to the evolution of modern technologies of color revolutions and the peculiarities of their hybridization (on the example of Venezuela and Belarus). The authors note that modern color revolutions are a combined (hybrid) technology that combines the classic Maidan, worked out during the fi rst and second color revolutions in Ukraine (in 2004–05 and 2013–14); the latest technologies of confl ict mobilization (for an initially non-political agenda), developed during several “electromayans” in Armenia; technologies of communication and coordination of the activity of protest groups, taken from the organizers of mass protests in Hong Kong (2019–20); and technologies of organizing a coup d'état that almost put an end to the existence of the Chavist regime in Venezuela in 2019.
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Iwanowski, Z. W., and D. M. Rozental. "Venezuela: Political Confrontation and the World Community." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 71–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-2-71-111.
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The paper examines a complex web of domestic and external issues which have both provoked a systemic crisis in Venezuela and, at the same time, determined its specificity in comparison with the wave of protests sweeping across Latin America in 2019.The authors conclude that the escalation of the conflict in Venezuela was caused not only by the standoff between the legislative and the executive branches of the government, but also by the split of the whole society into proponents and opponents of ‘socialism of the 21st century’. The contradictions have led to the formation of the parallel branches of power: two presidents, two parliaments and two supreme courts (one of them in exile) which de facto coexist in the country and each claims exclusive rights and legitimacy.The authors also stress that the situation in Venezuela has obvious regional consequences. The miscalculations of the incumbent president were used in election campaigns in other Latin American countries and became one of the reasons for the defeat of left candidates, the subsequent ‘right drift’ leading to the isolation of the republic. The new political landscape has also affected the architecture of integration associations, which failed to develop a unified position toward the Bolivarian regime.Furthermore, in a current heightened state of international tensions Venezuela has turned into a theatre of international rivalry and conflict involving all the key subjects of world politics. The United States, China, Russia and the European Union compete for the energy resources of the country and pursue their own strategic interests. The inability or unwillingness of external forces to reach compromise and to bring the parties to the negotiating table can pose a threat to peace and international security.As a result, Venezuela has become one of the most turbulent countries in the region. At the same time, the repeated outbursts of protest waves are significantly different from popular uprisings in other Latin American states. In the worst-case scenario, a constantly worsening situation may result in a social explosion which threatens to make the Bolivarian Republic another hot spot of the planet.
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Pirela Morillo, Johann Enrique, Yamely Margarita Almarza Franco, and Joel Alhuay-Quispe. "Cyberactivism as emergent language in Venezuela." Digital Library Perspectives 36, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlp-10-2019-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual analysis to artistic manifestation represented through graphic and multimedia pieces that are available in social media networks as document-speeches in relation to protests in Venezuela during April-July, 2017. Also, this paper proposes the implementation of digital documentation tool that allows retrieval, organization, systematization and preservation of visual contents. Design/methodology/approach Semiotic analysis based on 44 artistic pieces (images and videos) posted on Twitter, Instagram and YouTube to protest in Venezuela against the government of Nicolás Maduro in 2017. The authors defined a metadata group for content creation of multimedia and testing information retrieval from general data, textual contents, file formats and semiotic description using Omeka software. Findings The digital documentation of artivism proposed has the potential to sustain over time as documents likely to be studied. It also constitutes an important analysis and a historical reconstruction, which must be taken into consideration to conduct research in the future political and social process of Venezuela. Social implications Cyber-artivism, a concept related to online activism, is conceived as an artistic expression mediated by technologies and social media emerging in the context of social environments with a political–demographic character. Originality/value Digital preservation of multimedia contents by their semiotic and historic value as artistic cyber-activism.
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Barricelli, Barbara Rita, and Yanet Devis. "mHealth in Resource-Constrained Environments." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijskd.2014010102.
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The use of mobile devices in telemedicine contributes to providing more effective and efficient remote healthcare in rural areas improving patients' life style and medical quality of service in this setting. The idea of creating mobile applications for this scenario led the authors to face important sociotechnical challenges in terms of innovation and design for resource-constrained environments. In this paper the authors present the outcomes of MANTRA (Mobile ANticoagulant TheRApy) Project developed for and evaluated in Venezuela. Through the evaluation of this project under those settings the authors developed an approach to mHealth in the remote management of chronic diseases by supporting the communication between doctors.
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Kontelj, M.Sc., Monika, and Igor Jakomin, D.Sc. "TRANSPORT MODELLING OF FREIGHT FLOWS ACCORDANCE TO INVESTMENTS: CASE STUDY OF SLOVENIAN RAILWAYS." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 26, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v26i5.1456.
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Using specific science methods and through a model, authors have determinated how investments in the railway infrastructure influence the whole railway system. We have based our research on experience and on results that have been found out in Austria, Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile and Venezuela. Based on scientific studies about the conditions of the Slovenian railway system, on Methodology for determination of the investment's measures and definition of conditions for a justified realisation and on Calculation of the expected number of freight trains, authors give results that confirm our hypothesis.
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Lüth, Michael, and Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp. "Additions to the Bryophyte Flora of the Neotropics." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 25, no. 1 (August 17, 2004): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.25.1.3.
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New and remarkable records of bryophytes from Venezuela, Brazil, Costa Rica and Ecuador are reported. Diphyscium chiapense and Hedwigia ciliata var. leucophaea are new to South America. New to Venezuela are Grimmia reflexidens, Metzgeria claviflora, Pilopogon peruvianus and Racomitrium subsecundum; Grimmia navicularis and G. trichophylla are firstly reported for Brazil; Aphanolejeunea microscopica var. africana, A. minuta, A. sintenisii, Cololejeunea bischleriana, Metalejeunea cucullata, and Hyophila nymaniana represent new records for Costa Rica, and new to Ecuador are Diphyscium longifolium, Erpodium beccarii, Macrocolura sagittistipula, and (for continental Ecuador) Marchantia berteroana. Further new records to the states of that countries and rarely collected species are listed. All specimens are deposited in the private herbaria of the authors, duplicates in different herbaria as indicated.
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Frye, Timothy, Ora John Reuter, and David Szakonyi. "Vote Brokers, Clientelist Appeals, and Voter Turnout: Evidence from Russia and Venezuela." World Politics 71, no. 04 (August 27, 2019): 710–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887119000078.
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AbstractModern clientelist exchange is typically carried out by intermediaries—party activists, employers, local strongmen, traditional leaders, and the like. Politicians use such brokers to mobilize voters, yet little about their relative effectiveness is known. The authors argue that broker effectiveness depends on their leverage over clients and their ability to monitor voters. They apply their theoretical framework to compare two of the most common brokers worldwide, party activists and employers, arguing the latter enjoy numerous advantages along both dimensions. Using survey-based framing experiments in Venezuela and Russia, the authors find voters respond more strongly to turnout appeals from employers than from party activists. To demonstrate mechanisms, the article shows that vulnerability to job loss and embeddedness in workplace social networks make voters more responsive to clientelist mobilization by their bosses. The results shed light on the conditions most conducive to effective clientelism and highlight broker type as important for understanding why clientelism is prevalent in some countries but not others.
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Triki, Mohamed Bilel, and Samir Maktouf. "Purchasing power parity as a long-term memory process." International Journal of Emerging Markets 10, no. 4 (September 21, 2015): 711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-02-2012-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on whether the deviations from the cointegrating relationship possess long memory and the fractional cointegration analyses may capture a wider range of mean-reversion behaviour than standard cointegration analyses. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a fractional cointegration technique to test the purchasing power parity (PPP). Findings – The authors found that PPP held, but very weakly, in the long run between the Argentine, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Korea, Mexico, Thailand and Venezuela and US exchange rate during our floating exchange rate period but that the deviations from it did not follow a stationary process. Nevertheless, it is also found that the deviations from PPP exists and can be characterized by a fractionally integrated process in nine out of 13 countries studied. Originality/value – The findings are consistent with the consensus of the empirical literature, reviewed earlier in this paper, on PPP between Argentine, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Korea, Mexico, Thailand and Venezuela and the USA.
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JAŁOSZYŃSKI, PAWEŁ. "Systematic placement and identity of Eumicrus deplanatus L.W. Schaufuss (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)." Zootaxa 4731, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.3.11.
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Examination of the type specimen of the Neotropical Eumicrus deplanatus Schaufuss, as well as material newly collected in Venezuela, allowed for clarifying the systematic placement of this enigmatic species. It is not a member of Scydmaenus Latreille or Euconnus Thomson, genera in which it was placed by previous authors, but belongs in Sciacharis Broun. Sciacharis (Palaeoconnus) deplanatus comb. n. is established, and the species is redescribed. For the first time males are reported, and the aedeagus, crucial for species identification, is illustrated.
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Newman, Simeon J., and Laura J. Enríquez. "Civil Society and the Transition towards Socialism." Comparative Sociology 18, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 345–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341501.
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Abstract Research on East-Central Europe suggests that the transitions from state socialism to capitalism generated civil society. The present authors focus on the effects of a transition of the opposite variety: from capitalism towards state socialism. Both kinds of transitions are characterized by a disjuncture between enduring political economies and legitimate discourses calling for them to be changed. Marshaling qualitative and quantitative data, the authors demonstrate the existence, and assess the effects, of such a disjuncture in the case of Venezuela between circa 2000 and 2010. They examine a subset of rural civic organizations, showing that they referenced mutually-incompatible aspects of the disjointed state when developing their programs, leading them to within-class heterogeneity and occasional across-classes convergence, as is characteristic of pluralist civil society.
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BRITSKI, HERALDO A., JOSÉ L. O. BIRINDELLI, and JULIO C. GARAVELLO. "Synaptolaemus latofasciatus, a new combination for Leporinus latofasciatus Steindachner, 1910 and its junior synonym Synaptolaemus cingulatus Myers and Fernández-Yépez, 1950 (Characiformes: Anostomidae)." Zootaxa 3018, no. 1 (September 8, 2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3018.1.6.
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Leporinus latofasciatus was described by Steindachner (1910) on the basis of a single specimen collected in the río Orinoco, Venezuela. Since then, no other specimen of the species was mentioned in the literature, and the species was only listed in catalogues, eventually mentioned and treated as a “poorly known” species, or even omitted in checklists of fishes from Venezuela. During a visit to the fish collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum at Vienna (NMW) to examine all the type specimens of Leporinus, we were able to study the holotype of Leporinus latofasciatus and recognize that the specimen corresponds to the species described by Myers and Fernández-Yépez (in Myers, 1950) as Synaptolaemus cingulatus. Thus, the latter is a junior synonym of Leporinus latofasciatus and, based on that, Synaptolaemus latofasciatus (Steindachner, 1910) should be the name applied for this taxon, as a new combination. Herein new data on the holotype of Synaptolaemus latofasciatus are presented and compared with previously data from other authors. In addition, illustrations of live specimens are presented as well as new distribution records for the species.
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Marien, Stacey. "Book Review: Beauty around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia." Reference & User Services Quarterly 57, no. 4 (June 15, 2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.57.4.6713.
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Kenny is an assistant professor of anthropology at Missouri State University with research experience in East and West Africa. Nichols is a professor of Spanish at Drury University with her research specializing in cultures of Latin America. Nichols has also co-written Pop Culture in Latin American and the Caribbean (ABC-CLIO, 2015) and authored a chapter on beauty in Venezuela for the book The Body Beautiful? Identity, Performance, Fashion and the Contemporary Female Body (Inter-Disciplinary Press, 2015). Both authors have taught extensively on the topic of beauty and bodies (xi).
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Krapovickas, Antonio, Paul A. Fryxell, and David M. Bates. "Allosidastrum, un nuevo género de Malvaceae de los neotrópicos." Botanical Sciences, no. 48 (April 5, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1343.
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Four species that have been variously included by previous authors in the genera Sida or Pseudabutilon are segregated as the distinct genus, Allosidastrum (Hochr.) stat. nov. A .,dolichophyllum from Venezuela is described as new. The most widespread species is A . pyramidatum (Cav.) comb. nov., which occurs over most of the range of the genus from Mexico and the West Indies to parts of Brazil and Bolivia. The other two species, A. hilarianum (Presl) comb. nov. and A. interruptum (DC.) comb. nov., are found in Mexico, Central America, and Colombia.
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Chrzanowski, Adam, Chen Yong-qi, Roger W. Leeman, Julio Leal, and Maraven. "Integration of the global positioning system with geodetic leveling surveys in ground subsidence studies." CISM journal 43, no. 4 (January 1989): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1989-0039.
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Integration of GPS measurements with terrestrial geodetic leveling has been implemented by the authors in monitoring ground subsidence in oil fields in Venezuela in an area of about 50 km x 50 km. The subsidence rate reaches up to 20 cm/year. A mathematical model for combining the GPS surveys with dynamic leveling measurements has been developed by utilizing the well known University of New Brunswick generalized method of deformation analysis. The implementation of GPS was preceded by test surveys (5 survey campaigns) in Canada on a network with 0.7 km to 30 km baselines, using TI 4100, WM101, and Trimble 4000SX receivers, and on a portion of the monitoring network in Venezuela (2 survey campaigns) using WM101 receivers. The accuracy of the test surveys has been evaluated using MINQE technique and by comparing the subsidences determined with GPS and precise leveling. The results indicate that with C/A-code receivers and with the present geometry of the satellite distribution, the vertical component of the short and medium (up to 30 km) length of the GPS baselines can be determined with an accuracy ranging from 15 mm in a moderate climate to 30 mm in hot and humid conditions.
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Jara‐Bertin, Mauricio, José Arias Moya, and Arturo Rodríguez Perales. "Determinants of bank performance: evidence for Latin America." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 27, no. 2 (July 29, 2014): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-04-2013-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of macroeconomic‐industrial and bank‐specific factors on Latin American banks’ performance. Design/methodology/approach Using the data panel system estimator version of the generalized method of moments, the authors estimate the determinants of return on assets and interest margin for a sample of 78 commercial banks from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, México, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela over the period from 1995 to 2010. Findings On the one hand, the results show that bank performance is positively related to both idiosyncratic factors, such as service diversification, size, capital ratio, and specialization degree, and to macroeconomic‐industrial factors such as economic growth, inflation, and bank concentration. On the other hand, the results show that bank performance is negatively related to credit risk, liquidity risk, and operational inefficiencies. Originality/value The authors provide new evidence from the Latin American bank industry and incorporate the effect of diversification through noninterest activities.
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Jeifets, Viktor Lazarevich, and Daria Antonovna Pravdiuk. "Influence of Energy Factor on International Relations System of Latin America in the 21st century." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-3-354-367.
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Relation between oil trade and political regimes, climate change and problems of managing natural resources, mining technologies and fighting corruption and many others constitute the phenomenon of a multicomponent energy policy, the study of which is located at the intersection of natural and social sciences. Latin American region has large hydrocarbon reserves, huge hydropower potential, as well as significant opportunities to generate wind and solar energy. Historically, Latin America has occupied a small share of world energy production - about 5 %, where Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil have long been the only players of a global level. However, in the 21st century, factors such as the discovery of pre-salt oil deposits in Brazil, promising forecasts for the development of alternative gas sources in Argentina and the opening of Mexican oil industry for foreign companies after more than seventy years of the monopoly of Pemex, gave an additional impetus to the development of oil and gas industries of the region. The close relationship between energy industry and political context of a number of Latin American countries makes the region’s energy market less predictable, as changes cannot be predicted using standard industry analysis tools. This article analyzes the most significant episodes of political intervention - external or internal - to the energy industry in the 21st century, as well as the impact that events and decisions in this industry had on the regional policy. The authors analyze distinctive examples of the interconnectedness of these areas, from the “resource diplomacy” of Venezuela to the decisive actions of A.M. Lopez Obrador in Mexican energy in the first months of his presidency, and draw parallels between the chains of events in politics and energy. As the cases of Brazil, Mexico, Bolivia, and Venezuela, cited in the article, show, the cost of error becomes extremely high when its consequences can destabilize both sectors due to their close interweaving.
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Hardy, Aël, Vikas Sharma, Larissa Kever, and Julia Frunzke. "Correction: Hardy et al. Genome Sequence and Characterization of Five Bacteriophages Infecting Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces venezuelae: Alderaan, Coruscant, Dagobah, Endor1 and Endor2. Viruses 2020, 12, 1065." Viruses 13, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081616.
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Flores, Tatiana, and Harper Montgomery. "Dialogues." Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 2, no. 2 (2020): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2020.220006.
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The Getty Foundation's 2017 initiative Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA provided a rare instance in which art historians and curators collaborated closely on extended research projects aimed at expanding narratives about Latin American and Latinx art and culture. It pondered how art history might be reimagined to address the complex geographies and temporalities of Latin/x American art, honoring specificities while also proposing new frameworks. Taken as a whole, the exhibitions also exposed the constraints of curatorial practice to generate new epistemologies, calling attention to the shortcomings of conventional art historical methods and their tendency to reproduce predetermined structures for organizing knowledge when they go unquestioned. Inspired by the multitude of generative conversations produced in the wake of PST: LA/LA, this Dialogue addresses the methodological constraints of art historical, curatorial, and artistic practices by inviting contributors to reflect on how their methods have been shaped by the demands of the field. This Dialogue includes an introductory text by Tatiana Flores and Harper Montgomery in which they argue for the utility of the concepts of “radical inclusion,” developed by the philosopher Gerald Raunig, and “complex connectivity,” coined by sociologist John Tomlinson, and six essays in which the authors address questions of ethics, inclusion, and historiography: Amy Buono focuses on museums and collections in Brazil, Laura Anderson Barbata on a papermaking project in the Venezuelan Amazon, Erina Duganne on activist artists in Central America and the United States, Alma Ruiz on her efforts to promote the collecting and exhibition of Latin American art in Los Angeles, Edith A. G. Wolfe on pedagogy and post-hurricane Puerto Rico, and Ana María Reyes on symbolic reparations in Colombia and Brazil. La iniciativa de la Fundación Getty Pacific Standard Time: LA / LA, del año 2017, dio lugar a proyectos poco usuales en que historiadores y curadores de arte se propusieron dar cuenta de manera más completa y robusta del arte y la cultura latinoamericanos y latinxs. Se reflexionó sobre cómo se podría reinventar la historia del arte para abordar las complejas geografías y temporalidades del arte latinoamericano y latinx, respetando sus especificidades al tiempo que proponía nuevos marcos. En conjunto, las exposiciones también revelaron las limitaciones de la práctica de los curadores, generando, de este modo, nuevas epistemologías, que llaman la atención sobre las deficiencias de los métodos convencionales de la historia del arte y sobre su tendencia a reproducir estructuras predeterminadas para organizar el conocimiento cuando estos métodos no se cuestionan. Inspirado por la enorme cantidad de fructíferas conversaciones habidas durante Pacific Standard Time: LA / LA, el presente Diálogo aborda las limitaciones metodológicas de las prácticas históricas, curatoriales y de la historia del arte al invitar a quienes aportan a este espacio a reflexionar sobre cómo sus métodos han sido moldeados por las demandas del campo. Este Diálogo incluye un texto introductorio de Tatiana Flores y Harper Montgomery, en el que estos abogan por la utilidad de los conceptos de “inclusión radical”, desarrollado por el filósofo Gerald Raunig, y “conectividad compleja”, acuñado por el sociólogo John Tomlinson, y seis ensayos, en el que los autores abordan cuestiones de ética, inclusión e historiografía: Amy Buono se centra en museos y colecciones en Brasil, Laura Anderson Barbata lo hace en un proyecto de fabricación de papel en la Amazonía venezolana, Erina Duganne en artistas activistas en América Central y los Estados Unidos, Alma Ruiz sobre sus esfuerzos para promover la recolección y exhibición de arte latinoamericano en Los Ángeles, Edith A. G. Wolfe sobre pedagogía y Puerto Rico después del huracán, y Ana María Reyes sobre reparaciones simbólicas en Colombia y Brasil. A iniciativa de 2017 da Fundação Getty, Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA proveu uma rara instância na qual historiadores e curadores de arte colaboraram estreitamente em projetos de pesquisa ampliados, com o objetivo de expandir narrativas sobre arte e cultura latino-americana e latinx. Ponderou-se como a história da arte pode ser reimaginada para endereçar as complexas geografias e temporalidades da arte latino-americana e latinx, honrando suas especificidades e, ao mesmo tempo, propondo novos enquadramentos. Tomadas como um todo, as exposições também expuseram as restrições da prática curatorial para gerar novas epistemologias, chamando a atenção para as deficiências dos métodos históricos da arte convencionais e sua tendência a reproduzir estruturas pré-determinadas para a organização do conhecimento quando não são questionados. Inspirado pela multitude de conversas generativas produzidas após o PST:LA/LA, esse Diálogos aborda as restrições metodológicas de práticas históricas da arte, curatoriais e artísticas, convidando contribuidores para refletir sobre como os seus métodos foram moldados pelas demandas do campo. Esse Diálogos inclui um texto introdutório por Tatiana Flores e Harper Montgomery, no qual argumentam pela utilidade dos conceitos de “inclusão radical”, desenvolvido pelo filósofo Gerald Raunig, e “conectividade complexa”, cunhado pelo sociólogo John Tomlinson, e seis ensaios nos quais os autores abordam questões de ética, inclusão e historiografia: Amy Buono se concentra em museus e coleções no Brasil, Laura Anderson Barbata em um projeto de fabricação de papel na Amazônia venezuelana, Erina Duganne em artistas ativistas na América Central e nos Estados Unidos, Alma Ruiz em seus esforços para promover a coleção e exibição da arte latino-americana em Los Angeles, Edith A. G. Wolfe em pedagogia e no Porto Rico pós-furacão e Ana María Reyes em reparações simbólicas na Colômbia e no Brasil.
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LeVine, Robert, Sarah LeVine, and Beatrice Schnell. ""Improve the Women": Mass Schooling, Female Literacy, and Worldwide Social Change." Harvard Educational Review 71, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.71.1.154550622x3225u7.
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In this article, Robert LeVine, Sarah LeVine, and Beatrice Schnell develop and test a theoretical model of how women's schooling might contribute to social and demographic change. Drawing upon research from many disciplines, the authors propose that schooling leads to social change by imparting skills and fostering other individual changes that alter women's patterns of social participation. They argue that, in schools, girls acquire aspirations, identities, skills, and models of learning that eventually affect their decisions regarding reproductive, child-rearing, and health behaviors. Among other things, girls learn an academic register that, the authors argue, is the official language of all bureaucracies, including health and family-planning clinics as well as schools. Proficiency in using this academic language is advantageous in oral communication with the health bureaucracy, and may lead to greater utilization of health services and, thus, improved reproductive and health outcomes. After explaining their theoretical model, LeVine, LeVine, and Schnell present new findings from their research on maternal literacy in two very different settings, Nepal and Venezuela. The results of their quantitative analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that the literacy and language skills that women acquire in school provide an educational pathway to better health care.
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Dos Santos, Vitorino Modesto, and Lister Arruda Modesto Dos Santos. "Late diagnosis of tuberculosis and central nervous system infection." ARS MEDICA Revista de Ciencias Médicas 44, no. 2 (May 29, 2019): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11565/arsmed.v44i2.1558.
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Dear Chief Editor,The migratory phenomenon in Latin America has significantly increased in recent decades, especially in Brazil and Chile. The frequent vulnerability of many of these migrants constitutes a major concern related to potential risks of emerging and re-emerging diseases. This is due to the poverty situation and the lack of resources for public health care, and current imported cases of measles from Venezuela are a major example of this social burden. Imported cases may increase the challenges related to the control of transmissible infections. In this scenery, pulmonary tuberculosis plays a main role among the communicable diseases. Chilean authors have properly suggested the utilization of basic screening of tuberculosis in migrants from countries of elevated prevalence, aiming to employ early treatment and to prevent infections associated with late diagnosis of an index case (Alarcón & Balcells, 2017).