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Journal articles on the topic 'Autism disorder spectrum'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Day, Talena C., Kathryn A. McNaughton, Adam J. Naples, and James C. McPartland. "Self-reported social impairments predict depressive disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 24, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319857375.

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In adults with autism spectrum disorder, co-occurring psychiatric conditions are prevalent, and depression is one of the most common co-occurring disorders. This study examined the relationship between depression and cognitive ability, autism symptom severity, and self-reported social impairments in autism spectrum disorder. A total of 33 adults with autism spectrum disorder and 28 adults with typical development completed a standardized psychiatric interview, cognitive test, measure of clinician-rated autism symptom severity, and self-report of social impairments. Nine participants with autism spectrum disorder (27%) met the criteria for a depressive disorder (autism spectrum disorder + depressive disorder). Relatively more females with autism spectrum disorder had a co-occurring depressive disorder. The typical development group had a higher intelligence quotient than the autism spectrum disorder group, but the autism spectrum disorder + depressive disorder group did not differ from the typical development or autism spectrum disorder group. While the autism spectrum disorder + depressive disorder group had lower clinician-rated autism symptom severity than the autism spectrum disorder group, the autism spectrum disorder + depressive disorder group reported more social impairments than the autism spectrum disorder group. Self-reported social impairments predicted depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder when accounting for symptom severity and cognitive ability. These findings suggest that more self-perceived social impairments are related to depressive disorders in autism spectrum disorder, and may help clinicians identify individuals who are vulnerable in developing a co-occurring depressive disorder. Future directions include follow-up studies with larger cohorts and longitudinal designs to support inferences regarding directionality of these relationships.

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2

Nazeer, Ahsan. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Psychiatric Annals 49, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20190213-03.

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3

Tanguay, Peter E. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 73, no. 06 (June 15, 2012): 886–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.12bk07855.

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4

Tanguay, Peter E. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 76, no. 06 (June 24, 2015): e841-e841. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.15bk09802.

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5

Kodak, Tiffany, and Samantha Bergmann. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Pediatric Clinics of North America 67, no. 3 (June 2020): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2020.02.007.

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6

Lord, Catherine, Mayada Elsabbagh, Gillian Baird, and Jeremy Veenstra-Vanderweele. "Autism spectrum disorder." Lancet 392, no. 10146 (August 2018): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31129-2.

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7

Kamruzzaman, Md, Mirza Md Ziaul Islam, Abu Bakkir Siddique, Mohammed Rizwanul Ahsan, and AZM Mosiul Azam. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 43, no. 1 (April 28, 2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v43i1.41217.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the name for a group of developmental disorders. ASD affects social interaction, communication, interests and behavior. It includes a wide range, “a spectrum,” of symptoms, skills, and levels of disability. It affects how a person acts and interacts with others, communicates, and learns. Children with ASD might have problems talking with others, or they might not look in the eye when one talks to them. They may often seem to be in their “own world.” People with ASD often have these characteristics: ongoing social problems that include difficulty communicating and interacting with others; repetitive behaviors as well as limited interests or activities; symptoms that typically are recognized in the first two years of life; symptoms that hurt the individual’s ability to function socially, at school or work, or other areas of life. Some people are mildly impaired by their symptoms, while others are severely disabled. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) around 1 in 68 children has been identified with some form of ASD. The symptoms are present before three years of age, although a diagnosis can sometimes be made after the age of three. More boys are diagnosed with the condition than girls. There is no “cure” for ASD, but speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, educational support, plus a number of other interventions are available to help children and parents. Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (1) :41-48

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8

Shamsad, Iffat Ara. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 30, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v30i1.39915.

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9

Simon, Michael W. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Clinical Pediatrics 53, no. 9 (May 6, 2014): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922814533413.

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10

Minchella, Lindsey, and Louise Preti. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." NASN School Nurse 26, no. 3 (May 2011): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942602x11402834.

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11

Howlin, Patricia, and Iliana Magiati. "Autism spectrum disorder." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (March 2017): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000308.

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12

Luciano, Kristy. "Autism spectrum disorder." Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 29, no. 10 (October 2016): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000496963.97119.ef.

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13

MACIAS, MICHELLE M. "AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 24, no. 6 (December 2003): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200312000-00015.

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14

Reiff, Michael I. "AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 24, no. 6 (December 2003): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200312000-00016.

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15

Reiff, Michael I. "AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 24, no. 6 (December 2003): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200312000-00017.

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16

Mieres, Ana C., Russell S. Kirby, Kathleen H. Armstrong, Tanya K. Murphy, and Lee Grossman. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Pediatric Physical Therapy 24, no. 1 (2012): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0b013e31823e06d1.

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17

Lo, Bee Hong, Felicity Klopper, Elizabeth Barnes, and Katrina Williams. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 54, no. 2 (February 2018): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13841.

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18

Volk, Heather E., Tara Kerin, Fred Lurmann, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Rob McConnell, and Daniel B. Campbell. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Epidemiology 25, no. 1 (January 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000030.

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19

Campisi, Lisa, Nazish Imran, Ahsan Nazeer, Norbert Skokauskas, and Muhammad Waqar Azeem. "Autism spectrum disorder." British Medical Bulletin 127, no. 1 (August 14, 2018): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldy026.

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20

Haq, Imtiazul, and Ann Le Couteur. "Autism spectrum disorder." Medicine 32, no. 8 (August 2004): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/medc.32.8.61.43165.

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21

Frith, Uta, and Francesca Happé. "Autism spectrum disorder." Current Biology 15, no. 19 (October 2005): R786—R790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.09.033.

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22

Long, Melissa, and Kelly Register-Brown. "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Pediatrics in Review 42, no. 7 (July 2021): 360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2020-000547.

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23

Ivanov, Hristo Y., Vili K. Stoyanova, Nikolay T. Popov, and Tihomir I. Vachev. "Autism Spectrum Disorder - A Complex Genetic Disorder." Folia Medica 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2015-0015.

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Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is an entity that reflects a scientific consensus that several previously separated disorders are actually a single spectrum disorder with different levels of symptom severity in two core domains - deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted repetitive behaviors. Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed in all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups and because of its increased prevalence, reported worldwide through the last years, made it one of the most discussed child psychiatric disorders. In term of aetiology as several other complex diseases, Autism spectrum disorder is considered to have a strong genetic component.

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24

Roberts, Ged. "Nursing of Autism Spectrum Disorder Nursing of Autism Spectrum Disorder." Learning Disability Practice 16, no. 8 (October 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp2013.10.16.8.10.s10.

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25

Correia, Thays Lorena Bahia Vieira, Tatiana Fernanda Queiroz Cunha, Eduarda Rafaella Resende Andrade, Regina Consolação dos Santos, Erika Augusta Faria Maciel, Fernanda Marcelino Rezende e. Silva, Liliane Pena, Thayane Vieira Carvalho, and Heber Paulino Pena. "Alterações epigenéticas no transtorno do espectro autista: revisão integrativa de literatura." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (September 4, 2021): e369101119449. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19449.

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O transtorno de espectro autista (TEA) é um distúrbio que afeta o neurodesenvolvimento da criança e faz com que sua capacidade de interação social, intelectual e seu comportamento sejam menos desenvolvidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi evidenciar como as desordens epigenéticas podem contribuir para o surgimento de crianças autistas, demonstrando como é essencial que se faça pesquisas científicas e busque compreender as características epigenéticas que levam ao desenvolvimento do TEA. O estudo busca realizar uma revisão integrativa de literatura e tem como descritores: “transtorno do espectro autista e as desordens epigenéticas”, “autismo”, “desordens epigenéticas”, “autism spectrum disorder and epigenetic disorders”, “autism”, “autism spectrum disorder”, “disorders epigenetics”, a base de dados consultados foram a Pubmed, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) e Google acadêmico. Os estudos apontam que o TEA é caracterizado como um transtorno de herança multifatorial e que fatores ambientais, independentes ou em conjunto com os fatores epigenéticos, aumentam o risco desse agravo. Concluímos que as alterações epigenéticas estão associadas ao autismo, assim como as consequências comportamentais e histológicas deste distúrbio.

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26

Pallia, R. "Sleep disorder in autism spectrum disorders." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, no. 5 (July 2012): S58—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.05.234.

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27

Baker, Emma K., Amanda L. Richdale, and Agnes Hazi. "Employment status is related to sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and no comorbid intellectual impairment." Autism 23, no. 2 (February 18, 2018): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317745857.

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Both sleep problems and unemployment are common in adults with autism spectrum disorder; however, little research has explored this relationship in this population. This study aimed to explore factors that may be associated with the presence of an International Classification of Sleep Disorders–Third Edition defined sleep disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder (IQ > 80). A total of 36 adults with autism spectrum disorder and 36 controls were included in the study. Participants completed a 14-day actigraphy assessment and questionnaire battery. Overall, 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder met the International Classification of Sleep Disorders–Third Edition criteria for insomnia and/or a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, while only 4 controls met criteria for these disorders. Adults with autism spectrum disorder and an International Classification of Sleep Disorders–Third Edition sleep disorder had higher scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and were more likely to be unemployed compared to adults with autism spectrum disorder and no sleep disorder. The findings demonstrate, for the first time, that sleep problems are associated with unemployment in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Further research exploring the direction of this effect is required; sleep problems that have developed during adolescence make attainment of employment for those with autism spectrum disorder difficult, or unemployment results in less restrictions required for optimal and appropriate sleep timing.

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28

Mohd, Che Ku Nuraini Che Ku. "Autism Kits App: Interactive Mobile Game for Visual Impairment among Autism Spectrum Disorder." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 582–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr200164.

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29

Lung, For-Wey, Tung-Liang Chiang, Shio-Jean Lin, Meng-Chih Lee, and Bih-Ching Shu. "Assisted reproductive technology has no association with autism spectrum disorders: The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study." Autism 22, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317690492.

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The use of assisted reproduction technology has increased over the last two decades. Autism spectrum disorders and assisted reproduction technology share many risk factors. However, previous studies on the association between autism spectrum disorders and assisted reproduction technology have shown inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in a national birth cohort database. Furthermore, the results from the assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder propensity score matching exact matched datasets were compared. For this study, the 6- and 66-month Taiwan Birth Cohort Study datasets were used (N = 20,095). In all, 744 families were propensity score matching exact matched and selected as the assisted reproduction technology sample (ratio of assisted reproduction technology to controls: 1:2) and 415 families as the autism spectrum disorder sample (ratio of autism spectrum disorder to controls: 1:4). Using a national birth cohort dataset, controlling for the confounding factors of assisted reproduction technology conception and autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, both assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder propensity score matching matched datasets showed the same results of no association between assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder. Further study on the detailed information regarding the processes and methods of assisted reproduction technology may provide us with more information on the association between assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder.

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30

Wetherby, Amy M., Whitney Guthrie, Jessica L. Hooker, Abigail Delehanty, Taylor N. Day, Juliann Woods, Karen Pierce, et al. "The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders: Field-testing an autism-specific screening tool for children 12 to 36 months of age." Autism 25, no. 7 (May 7, 2021): 2112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211012526.

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There is a critical need for validated screening tools for autism spectrum disorder in very young children so families can access tailored intervention services as early as possible. Few screeners exist for children between the recommended screening ages of 18–24 months. This study examined the utility of a new autism-specific parent-report screening tool, the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders for children 12–36 months. Field-testing was conducted from five sites with 471 children screened for communication delays in primary care or referred for familial risk or concern for autism spectrum disorder. The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders was evaluated in three age groups: 12–17, 18–23, and 24–36 months. A best-estimate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, or typical development was made. Receiver operating characteristic curves were examined for all 46 items and the 30 items that best discriminated autism spectrum disorder from the non-spectrum groups. Area under the curve estimates for the total were greater than 0.90 across age groups. Cutoffs were established for each age group with sensitivity between 0.86 and 0.92 and specificity between 0.74 and 0.85. Results provide preliminary support for the validity of the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders as an autism-specific screener in children 12–36 months with elevated risk of communication delay or autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract There is a critical need for accurate screening tools for autism spectrum disorder in very young children so families can access tailored intervention services as early as possible. However, there are few screeners designed for children 18–24 months. Developing screeners that pick up on the signs of autism spectrum disorder in very young children has proved even more challenging. In this study, we examined a new autism-specific parent-report screening tool, the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders for children between 12 and 36 months of age. Field-testing was done in five sites with 471 children screened for communication delays in primary care or referred for familial risk or concern for autism spectrum disorder. The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders was tested in three age groups: 12–17, 18–23, and 24–36 months. A best-estimate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, or typical development was made. Analyses examined all 46 items and identified 30 items that best discriminated autism spectrum disorder from the non-spectrum groups. Cutoffs were established for each age group with good sensitivity and specificity. Results provide preliminary support for the accuracy of the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders as an autism-specific screener in children 12–36 months with elevated risk of communication delay or autism spectrum disorder.

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31

Talkowski, Michael E., Eric Vallabh Minikel, and James F. Gusella. "Autism Spectrum Disorder Genetics." Harvard Review of Psychiatry 22, no. 2 (2014): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hrp.0000000000000002.

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32

Bartolotta, Theresa, and Denise Rizzolo. "Recognizing autism spectrum disorder." Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 32, no. 8 (August 2019): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000569776.76198.e1.

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33

Diehl, Sylvia F. "Prologue: Autism Spectrum Disorder." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 34, no. 3 (July 2003): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2003/014).

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As the need for services for children with autism and related disorders has increased, so has the need for information about communication assessment and intervention for these children. Each of the articles in this forum considers essential knowledge for meeting the social, behavioral, and communication challenges presented by this population, as well as considerations for the individual variation noted within this population. It is hoped that the knowledge contained in this forum will provide interdisciplinary insight into the challenges of autism and related disorders and a research-based framework for making assessment and intervention decisions.

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Diehl, Sylvia F. "Epilogue: Autism Spectrum Disorder." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 34, no. 3 (July 2003): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2003/021).

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35

Joshi, Gagan. "1.3 Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 55, no. 10 (October 2016): S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.007.

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36

Costa, Eliete Maria Da Silva, Glécia Maria Do Nascimento, Lavínia Samyra Lins De Lima, Stella Dara Da Conceição Silva, and Weslley Douglas Araujo Barbosa Da Silva. "Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)." IJS - International Journal of Sciences 1, no. 1 (2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/229003.1.1-5.

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37

Rescorla, Leslie A., Breanna M. Winder-Patel, Sarah J. Paterson, Juhi Pandey, Jason J. Wolff, Robert T. Schultz, and Joseph Piven. "Autism spectrum disorder screening with the CBCL/1½–5: Findings for young children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder." Autism 23, no. 1 (September 20, 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317718482.

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The screening power of the CBCL/1½–5’s Withdrawn and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems (DSM-PDP) scales to identify children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 24 months was tested in a longitudinal, familial high-risk study. Participants were 56 children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder due to an affected older sibling (high-risk group) and 26 low-risk children with a typically developing older sibling (low-risk group). At 24 months, 13 of the 56 high-risk children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, whereas the other 43 were not. The high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder group had significantly higher scores on the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems and Withdrawn scales than children in the low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder groups [Formula: see text]. Receiver operating characteristic analyses yielded very high area under the curve values (0.91 and 0.89), and a cut point of T ⩾ 60 yielded sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 97% to 99% between the high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and the combination of low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Consistent with several previous studies, the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems scale and the Withdrawn syndrome differentiated well between children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and those not diagnosed.

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38

Yang, Jie, and Jonathan Lee. "Different aberrant mentalizing networks in males and females with autism spectrum disorders: Evidence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging." Autism 22, no. 2 (November 8, 2016): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316667056.

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Previous studies have found that individuals with autism spectrum disorders show impairments in mentalizing processes and aberrant brain activity compared with typically developing participants. However, the findings are mainly from male participants and the aberrant effects in autism spectrum disorder females and sex differences are still unclear. To address these issues, this study analyzed intrinsic functional connectivity of mentalizing regions using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 48 autism spectrum disorder males and females and 48 typically developing participants in autism brain imaging data exchange. Whole-brain analyses showed that autism spectrum disorder males had hyperconnectivity in functional connectivity of the bilateral temporal-parietal junction, whereas autism spectrum disorder females showed hypoconnectivity in functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and right temporal-parietal junction. Interaction between sex and autism was found in both short- and long-distance functional connectivity effects, confirming that autism spectrum disorder males showed overconnectivity, while autism spectrum disorder females showed underconnectivity. Furthermore, a regression analysis revealed that in autism spectrum disorder, males and females demonstrated different relations between the functional connectivity effects of the mentalizing regions and the core autism spectrum disorder deficits. These results suggest sex differences in the mentalizing network in autism spectrum disorder individuals. Future work is needed to examine how sex interacts with other factors such as age and the sex differences during mentalizing task performance.

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Miyajima, Maki, Hidetoshi Omiya, Kiyoko Yamashita, Kenji Yambe, Mie Matsui, and Kenzo Denda. "Therapeutic responses to a frontal/executive programme in autism spectrum disorder: Comparison with schizophrenia." Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 31, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1569186118808217.

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Introduction Studies on autism spectrum disorder in recent years have controversially indicated similarities with schizophrenia. Cognitive dysfunction is present in both disorders, and while there is a rich array of interventions for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, there are few such treatments for autism spectrum disorder. In this study, we have investigated a potentially useful approach in autism spectrum disorder by comparing autism spectrum disorder with schizophrenia in regard to the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction and therapeutic response to cognitive remediation therapy. Method We studied seven patients with autism spectrum disorder and eight patients with schizophrenia, using a frontal/executive programme as the intervention. The characteristics of cognitive dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder before frontal/executive programme and the therapeutic response to frontal/executive programme in autism spectrum disorder patients were compared with those in schizophrenia patients, based on evaluation of cognitive function and social function. The changes in cognitive and social function after treatment in each patient group were compared using the Mann–Whitney’s U test. Results The severity of cognitive dysfunction did not differ significantly between autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Frontal/executive programme was effective in autism spectrum disorder, with subjects showing about the same therapeutic response as in schizophrenia. Conclusion Frontal/executive programme appears to be useful for patients with autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, the similarities in cognitive dysfunction and therapeutic response between autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are highly relevant to the recent debate concerning the similarity between these two disease concepts.

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40

McCue, Lena M., Louise H. Flick, Kimberly A. Twyman, and Hong Xian. "Gastrointestinal dysfunctions as a risk factor for sleep disorders in children with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder: A retrospective cohort study." Autism 21, no. 8 (February 12, 2017): 1010–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316667061.

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Sleep disorders often co-occur with autism spectrum disorder. They further exacerbate autism spectrum disorder symptoms and interfere with children’s and parental quality of life. This study examines whether gastrointestinal dysfunctions increase the odds of having sleep disorders in 610 children with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder, aged 2–18 years, from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange research program. The adjusted odds ratio for sleep disorder among those with gastrointestinal dysfunctions compared to those without was 1.74 (95% confidence interval: 1.22–2.48). In addition, the odds of having multiple sleep disorder symptoms among children with gastrointestinal dysfunctions, adjusted for age, gender, behavioral problems, bed wetting, current and past supplements, and current and past medications for autism spectrum disorder symptoms were 1.75 (95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.79) compared to children without gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Early detection and treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunctions in autism spectrum disorder may be means to reduce prevalence and severity of sleep problems and improve quality of life and developmental outcomes in this population.

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Tchanturia, Kate, James Adamson, Jenni Leppanen, and Heather Westwood. "Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: A naturalistic study in an inpatient treatment programme." Autism 23, no. 1 (November 5, 2017): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317722431.

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Previous research has demonstrated links between anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder however, few studies have examined the possible impact of symptoms of autism spectrum disorder on clinical outcomes in anorexia nervosa. The aim of this study was to examine the association between symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders, and other psychopathology during the course of inpatient treatment in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Participants with anorexia nervosa (n = 171) completed questionnaires exploring eating disorder psychopathology, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and everyday functioning at both admission and discharge. Characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder were assessed using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms were significantly positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology, work and social functioning, and symptoms of depression and anxiety, but not with body mass index. Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores remained relatively stable from admission to discharge but there was a small, significant reduction in scores. There was no interaction between time and Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores on clinical symptom change. In anorexia nervosa, autism spectrum disorder symptoms appear to be associated with a more severe clinical presentation on admission to inpatient care. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms as assessed by self-report measures may be exacerbated by other mental health psychopathology, which warrants further investigation.

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42

Stacy, Maria E., Benjamin Zablotsky, Heather A. Yarger, Andrew Zimmerman, Barraw Makia, and Li-Ching Lee. "Sex differences in co-occurring conditions of children with autism spectrum disorders." Autism 18, no. 8 (October 14, 2013): 965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313505719.

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This study investigated differences in co-occurring diagnoses made in females compared to males with autism spectrum disorders in 913 children (746 males and 167 females) living in the United States with a current autism spectrum disorder diagnosis identified via caregiver-reported data from the National Survey of Children’s Health 2007. The results indicated that overall, females had significantly fewer reported autism spectrum disorder co-occurring conditions than males. Females, compared to males, with a current autism spectrum disorder diagnosis had lower rates of past learning disorder, current mild learning disorder, and past anxiety diagnoses. Females with a current autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were more likely than males to have been diagnosed with a speech problem in the past, while males with a current autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were more likely than females to have a current diagnosis of a mild learning disability and a past diagnosis of learning disability. In addition, males with a current autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were more likely than females to have two or more co-occurring diagnoses. These findings provide insight into trends in sex differences in autism spectrum disorder co-occurring conditions.

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Woodbury-Smith, Marc. "Changing diagnostic practices: autism spectrum disorder." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 20, no. 1 (January 2014): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.112.010801.

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SummaryIn medical practice it is crucial that symptom descriptions are as precise and objective as possible, which psychiatry attempts to achieve through its psychopathological lexicon. The term ‘autism spectrum disorder’ has now entered psychiatric nosology, but the symptom definitions on which it is based are not robust, potentially making reliable and valid diagnoses a problem. This is further compounded by the spectral nature of the disorder and its lack of clear diagnostic boundaries. To overcome this, there is a need for a psychopathological lexicon of 'social cognition’ and a classification system that splits rather than lumps disorders with core difficulties in social interaction.

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Bakian, Amanda V., Deborah A. Bilder, E. Kent Korgenski, and Joshua L. Bonkowsky. "Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neonatal Serum Magnesium Levels in Preterm Infants." Child Neurology Open 5 (January 1, 2018): 2329048X1880056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329048x18800566.

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Premature birth is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder. Antenatal maternal magnesium administration is known to reduce subsequent risk of cerebral palsy including among premature infants, suggesting a potentially broader neuroprotective role for magnesium. Our objective was to determine whether magnesium could be protective against autism spectrum disorders in premature infants. A cohort of 4855 preterm children was identified, magnesium levels from 24 to 48 hours of life recorded, and subsequent autism spectrum disorder status determined. Adjusted relative risk of autism spectrum disorder with each 1 mg/dL increase in neonatal magnesium level was 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.86-1.53). Analysis of variance indicated that magnesium levels varied by gestational age and maternal antenatal magnesium supplementation, but not autism spectrum disorder status ( F1,4824 = 1.43, P = .23). We found that neonatal magnesium levels were not associated with decreased autism spectrum disorder risk. Future research into autism spectrum disorder risks and treatments in premature infants is needed.

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Thulasi, Venkatraman, Robert A. Steer, Iona M. Monteiro, and Xue Ming. "Overall severities of gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric outpatients with and without autism spectrum disorder." Autism 23, no. 2 (March 2, 2018): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318757564.

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In order to determine the effectiveness of a Gastrointestinal Severity Index to screen for gastrointestinal disorders, the Gastrointestinal Severity Index was administered to 135 children with autism spectrum disorders and 146 comparisons with and without gastrointestinal disorders. The mean Gastrointestinal Severity Index scores of the groups were 3.53 ± 1.78, 3.15 ± 1.99, 0.81 ± 1.25, and 0.29 ± 0.76 (comparative pediatric patients with gastrointestinal disorder = autism spectrum disorder + gastrointestinal disorder > autism spectrum disorder-gastrointestinal disorder > comparative pediatric patients without gastrointestinal disorder, respectively), Ps < 0.05. Receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to ascertain which Gastrointestinal Severity Index cutoff scores yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity rates for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.97) for the comparison group was higher (P < 0.001) than the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.85) for autism spectrum disorder children indicating that the Gastrointestinal Severity Index was more effective in screening for gastrointestinal disorders in comparisons. However, the same Gastrointestinal Severity Index cutoff score of 2 and above yielded, respectively, sensitivity and specificity rates of 92% and 93% for comparisons and 80% and 79% for autism spectrum disorder children. The negative and positive predictive values based on these sensitivity and specificity rates were calculated for a range of prevalences of gastrointestinal disorders and indicated that the Gastrointestinal Severity Index may be useful for screening children with and without autism spectrum disorder for gastrointestinal symptoms.

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Lau, Boon Yen, Ruth Leong, Mirko Uljarevic, Jian Wei Lerh, Jacqui Rodgers, Matthew J. Hollocks, Mikle South, et al. "Anxiety in young people with autism spectrum disorder: Common and autism-related anxiety experiences and their associations with individual characteristics." Autism 24, no. 5 (December 19, 2019): 1111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319886246.

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Anxiety is common in autism spectrum disorder. Many anxiety symptoms in autism spectrum disorder are consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) anxiety disorders (termed “common” anxieties), but others may be qualitatively different, likely relating to autism spectrum disorder traits (herein termed “autism-related” anxieties). To date, few studies have examined both “common” and “autism-related” anxiety experiences in autism spectrum disorder. We explored caregiver-reported Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Parent version data from a multi-site (United Kingdom, Singapore, and United States) pooled database of 870 6- to 18-year-old participants with autism spectrum disorder, of whom 287 provided at least one written response to the optional open-ended Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Parent item 39 (“ Is there anything else your child is afraid of?”). Responses were thematically coded to explore (a) common and autism-related anxiety presentations and (b) their relationship with young people’s characteristics. Nearly half of the responses were autism-related anxieties (mostly sensory, uncommon, or idiosyncratic specific phobias and worries about change and unpredictability). The other half described additional common anxieties not covered in the original measure (mostly social, weather and environmental disasters, and animals). Caregivers of participants who were more severely affected by autism spectrum disorder symptoms reported more autism-related, as compared to common, additional anxieties. Implications for the assessment and understanding of anxiety in autism are discussed.

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Wigham, Sarah, Jacqui Rodgers, Tom Berney, Ann Le Couteur, Barry Ingham, and Jeremy R. Parr. "Psychometric properties of questionnaires and diagnostic measures for autism spectrum disorders in adults: A systematic review." Autism 23, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317748245.

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Accurately diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in adulthood can be challenging. Structured questionnaires and diagnostic measures are frequently used to assist case recognition and diagnosis. This study reviewed research evidence on structured questionnaires and diagnostic measures published since the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence evidence update. The Cochrane library, Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched. In all, 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of structured questionnaires were best for individuals with previously confirmed autism spectrum disorder diagnoses and reduced in participants referred for diagnostic assessments, with discrimination of autism spectrum disorder from mental health conditions especially limited. For adults with intellectual disability, diagnostic accuracy increased when a combination of structured questionnaires were used. Evidence suggests some utility of diagnostic measures in identifying autism spectrum disorder among clinic referrals, although specificity for diagnosis was relatively low. In mental health settings, the use of a single structured questionnaire is unlikely to accurately identify adults without autism spectrum disorder or differentiate autism spectrum disorder from mental health conditions. This is important as adults seeking an autism spectrum disorder diagnostic assessment are likely to have co-existing mental health conditions. Robust autism spectrum disorder assessment tools specifically for use in adult diagnostic health services in the presence of co-occurring mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders are a research priority.

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Dell’Osso, Liliana, Riccardo Dalle Luche, Camilla Gesi, Ilenia Moroni, Claudia Carmassi, and Mario Maj. "From Asperger's Autistischen Psychopathen to DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder and Beyond: A Subthreshold Autism Spectrum Model." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 12, no. 1 (November 3, 2016): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901612010120.

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Growing interest has recently been devoted to partial forms of autism, lying at the diagnostic boundaries of those conditions previously diagnosed as Asperger’s Disorder. This latter includes an important retrieval of the European classical psychopathological concepts of adult autism to which Hans Asperger referred in his work. Based on the review of Asperger's Autistische Psychopathie, from first descriptions through the DSM-IV Asperger’s Disorder and up to the recent DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder, the paper aims to propose a Subthreshold Autism Spectrum Model that encompasses not only threshold-level manifestations but also mild/atypical symptoms, gender-specific features, behavioral manifestations and personality traits associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This model includes, but is not limited to, the so-called broad autism phenotype spanning across the general population that does not fully meet Autism Spectrum Disorder criteria. From this perspective, we propose a subthreshold autism as a unique psychological/behavioral model for research that could help to understand the neurodevelopmental trajectories leading from autistic traits to a broad range of mental disorders.

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Haruvi-Lamdan, Nirit, Danny Horesh, Shani Zohar, Meital Kraus, and Ofer Golan. "Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An unexplored co-occurrence of conditions." Autism 24, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 884–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320912143.

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People with Autism Spectrum Disorder show an increased risk of experiencing potentially traumatic events, particularly social victimization. However, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence was hardly studied. We examined exposure to potentially traumatic life events and PTSD symptoms in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder vs typical adults. Twenty-five adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 25 typical adults were comparable on age and gender. Participants self-reported on potentially traumatic life events of social and non-social nature, and on PTSD symptoms related to their most distressing event. Results showed higher rates of probable-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group (32%) compared with the typical adults group (4%). Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder reported more PTSD symptoms, particularly re-experiencing and hyper-arousal, compared with typical adults, although the latter was elevated only in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder, especially females, reported more negative life events, particularly social events, than typical adults. Sixty percent of Autism Spectrum Disorder participants, but only 20% of typical adults, chose a social event as their most distressing event. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and probable-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence presented poorer social skills compared with those with Autism Spectrum Disorder alone. Results indicate increased vulnerability of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder to trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, especially due to social stressors. Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder may be particularly vulnerable to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Lay Abstract People with Autism Spectrum Disorder show an increased risk of experiencing traumatic events, particularly social victimization. However, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence was hardly studied. We examined exposure to traumatic life events and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder vs typical adults. Two groups took part in this study: Twenty-five adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 25 typical adults of similar age and male to female ratio. Participants completed questionnaires on potentially traumatic life events of social and non-social nature, as well as on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms related to their most distressing event. Participants also filled out an autism traits questionnaire. Results showed a higher Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder rate in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group (32%) compared with the typical group (4%). Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder reported more Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, particularly re-experiencing and increased physiological arousal, compared with typical adults, although the latter was elevated only in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder, especially females, reported more negative life events, particularly social events, than typical adults. Sixty percent of Autism Spectrum Disorder participants, but only 20% of typical participants, chose a social event as their most distressing event. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder who were also suspected as having Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (based on their questionnaires) presented poorer social skills compared with those with Autism Spectrum Disorder alone. Results indicate that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder are more susceptible to trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, particularly due to social stressors. Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder may be especially vulnerable to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

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Weiland, Ricarda F., Tinca JC Polderman, Rosa A. Hoekstra, Dirk JA Smit, and Sander Begeer. "The Dutch Sensory Perception Quotient-Short in adults with and without autism." Autism 24, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 2071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320942085.

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Sensory symptoms were recently added to the diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorder and may be a mechanism underlying the broad phenotype of autism spectrum disorder. To measure sensory symptoms based on perceptual rather than affective, regulative, or attention components, the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ) measuring five modalities of sensory sensitivity has been developed. In this study, the Dutch translation of the abridged SPQ-Short was investigated in a large sample of adults with ( n = 657) and without autism spectrum disorder ( n = 585). Its hypothesized factor structure, combining modality specific and one modality-independent factor, was assessed in a hierarchical model. Results show that modality-specific subscales are indeed present in the short version. Furthermore, its reliability is high and comparable to the original English version. The autism spectrum disorder group reported higher sensory sensitivities than the comparison group, and women with autism spectrum disorder reported higher sensitivities compared with men with autism spectrum disorder. The SPQ-Short correlates with all Autism Quotient (AQ)-Short subscales, except for the “imagination” subscale. The SPQ-Short seems suitable to further explore the relationship between basic sensory sensitivities in autism spectrum disorder and their related symptoms such as over- and under-responsivity to sensory stimulation. Lay Abstract Individuals on the autism spectrum often experience heightened or reduced sensory sensitivities. This feature was recently added to the diagnostic manual for autism ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5)). To measure sensory sensitivities, the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ) has been developed. In this study, we tested whether a Dutch translation of the abridged SPQ-Short yields similar results as the original English version. We also tested whether this questionnaire can measure modality specific sensitivities. To this end, 657 adults with autism spectrum disorder and 585 adults without an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis filled out the Dutch SPQ-Short. The Dutch questionnaire data were very similar to the original English version: adults with autism spectrum disorder were more sensitive compared with adults without autism spectrum disorder. Women with autism spectrum disorder are more sensitive compared with men with autism spectrum disorder. Gender did not have an effect in the group without autism spectrum disorder. Individuals reporting higher sensory sensitivities also reported more autistic traits (such as lower social interests, or increased fascination for patterns). Finally, we found that the Dutch SPQ-Short is suited to measure modality-specific sensitivities. We conclude that the Dutch translation is a viable tool to measure sensory sensitivities in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder and can be used to further our understanding of differences in perception in people with or without autism spectrum disorder.

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