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1

Silva, Jordan Prazeres Freitas da, Érika Teles Dauer, Anna Paula Fagundes Bezerra, and Márcia Maria Tavares Machado. "ENTRELAÇAMENTO ENTRE POSSIBILIDADES, AVANÇOS E CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE PARA O AUTISMO." Revista Expressão Católica 8, no. 1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25190/rec.v8i1.2913.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as possibilidades e os avanços da teoria e da técnica psicanalítica no trabalho com o autismo; apresentando a primeira infância e seus possíveis impasses ao desenvolvimento da criança; descrevendo as possibilidades da teoria psicanalítica na clínica infantil, a partir da ferramenta IRDI, de um caso clínico da psicanalista Marie-Christine Laznik. Sobre o método, a pesquisa é do tipo descritiva, de revisão bibliográfica. A análise e coleta de dados são alcançadas por meio de leitura crítica e analítica do pesquisador, que associa ideias da obra confrontando-as e discutindo-as, a partir do referencial de teóricos psicanalistas. Assim, percebe-se como a temporalidade está em um campo importante na psicanálise e como a família (cuidador) desempenha papel significativo na formação psíquica do sujeito. Partindo dessa perspectiva, apresenta-se como um dos resultados do avanço da psicanálise a ferramenta “Indicadores Clínicos de Risco para o Desenvolvimento Infantil” (IRDI), considerando que o valor do instrumento está em permitir a localização a tempo de riscos que, quando detectados e trabalhados em atendimento clínico, podem permitir à criança um processo de desenvolvimento com menos impasses. Ademais, através da pesquisa, é possível saber que existem no Brasil diversos programas e grupos de intervenção que trabalham com a temática do autismo na perspectiva psicanalítica.
 
 INTERLACING BETWEEN POSSIBILITIES, ADVANCES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS TO AUTISM
 
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 This paper aims at understanding the possibilities and advances of the theory and the psychoanalytic technique at working with autism, presenting the early childhood and its possible obstacles to child development, describing the possibilities of the psychoanalytic theory for the children's clinic, through the IRDI methodology, from a clinical case by the psychoanalyst Marie-Christine Laznik. Concerning the method, the research is descriptive with a bibliographic review. The analysis and data collection are achieved through a critical and analytical reading made by the researcher who associates the ideas presented in the studies contrasting and discussing them, through the referential of psychoanalytic theorists. Therefore, it is understood how the temporality belongs to an important psychoanalysis field and how the family (caregiver) plays an important role in the individual’s psychic development. From this perspective, it is presented how the tool “Clinical Risk Indicators in Child Development” (IRDI) is a result of the advances of psychoanalysis, considering that the value of such instrument refers to allowing the identification beforehand so, when detected and worked in clinical care, can allow the child to have a development process with less obstacles. Furthermore, through the research, it is possible to know that there are many programs and intervention groups in Brazil which work with autism in the psychoanalytic perspective.
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2

Pimenta, Paula Ramos, Jésus Santiago, and Ana Lydia Santiago. "Harmfulness of the autistic object to its indispensability for autism clinically in psychoanalysis." Ágora: Estudos em Teoria Psicanalítica 19, no. 2 (2016): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14982016002013.

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ABSTRACT: In this paper we examine the concept of the autistic object in the psychoanalytic treatment of individuals with autism. Comparison is made between the concepts of two authors, Frances Tustin and Jean-Claude Maleval, both dedicated researchers in the area. Tustin identifies the function of autistic objects in the treatment of the autistic body image. Differentiation between autism and schizophrenia is presented. Maleval enhances the perception of Tustin, by highlighting the role of dynamism in autistic objects, as a promoter of the libidinal animation of autists. The paper concludes by assessing the consequences of privileging one or another theoretical conception of the autistic object clinically.
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3

Shapiro, Theodore. "Autism and the Psychoanalyst." Psychoanalytic Inquiry 20, no. 5 (2000): 648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07351692009348914.

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4

BRIGGS, JONATHYNE. "THE ENDURING FORTRESS: THE INFLUENCE OF BRUNO BETTELHEIM IN THE POLITICS OF AUTISM IN FRANCE." Modern Intellectual History 17, no. 4 (2019): 1163–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244319000015.

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AbstractThis article examines how the work of Bruno Bettelheim remained influential in debates concerning the meaning of autism as well as its treatment in France well after it was marginalized in the United States. The persistence of Bettelheim's work among French audiences speaks to how the French understanding of autism diverged from its conception in the United States thanks to the social and cultural interest in psychoanalysis in French society and the perceived effectiveness of his form of treatment. The conflation between Bettelheim and the psychoanalytic approach to autism meant that advocates for other approaches needed to rebut his influences well into the 1980s and 1990s, which further reinforced his position as a prime representative for the problems of psychoanalysis for parents. The durability of Bettelheim's presence in these debates also underscores the perceived relationship between disability and motherhood in the case of autism and how Bettelheim buttressed that assumption for the French rooted in anxieties about the dangers of bad mothering. Bettelheim's ideas solidified the intersection of intellectual ascendance and social acceptance of psychoanalysis in France and anxieties about motherhood during the emergence of autism within the public discourse.
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5

TAKENAKA, Hitoshi. "Psychoanalysis, Sociology, and Autism." Japanese Sociological Review 61, no. 4 (2011): 386–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4057/jsr.61.386.

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6

Volkmar, Fred R. "Understanding Autism Implications for Psychoanalysis." Psychoanalytic Inquiry 20, no. 5 (2000): 660–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07351692009348915.

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7

Houzel, Didier. "The psychoanalysis of infantile autism." Journal of Child Psychotherapy 30, no. 2 (2004): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00754170410001727789.

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8

Kenny, Dianna T. "Faulty Theory, Failed Therapy: Frances Tustin, Infant and Child Psychoanalysis, and the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders." SAGE Open 9, no. 1 (2019): 215824401983268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019832686.

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In this article, I explore two epistemologies for theorizing infancy and treating autism—infant and child psychoanalysis expounded by Frances Tustin and colleagues and developmental psychology and developmental neuroscience. I address two main issues: (a) how early psychoanalytic insights informed empirical developments and theoretical scholarship in both infant psychoanalysis and developmental psychology, and (b) how the study of infant development within psychoanalysis has been derailed by faulty theorizing and failure to incorporate scientific scholarship on infant development into their theories and practice. First, I review current research on infancy including psychoanalytic contributions that have incorporated scientific methods and evidence. I then juxtapose this work with Frances Tustin’s theory of autism as an exemplar of the problematic theorizing about infant development that remains unchallenged, even today, in some psychoanalytic circles, and how that theory is operationalized in treatment. I discuss possible reasons for the failure to revise theory and therapeutic practice and the adherence to faulty perceptions of “successful” therapeutic outcome. Despite these derailments, I conclude that a marriage of science and psychoanalysis (that is convergent with developmental research) is not only possible; indeed, it has produced talented progeny who have immeasurably advanced our understanding of human functioning across the life span by further illuminating the mysteries of infant experience.
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9

Houzel, Didier. "Autism and psychoanalysis in the French context." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 99, no. 3 (2018): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207578.2018.1468220.

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10

Gołaska, Paulina. "Autyzm relacyjnie, czyli praca na i nad kontaktem z dziećmi z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu." Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, no. 15 (June 12, 2018): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2016.15.04.

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Relational approach to autism is a specific way of understanding needs of the child with development disorders based on three strong fundaments – psychoanalysis, development psychology and psychopathology. It is a result of complex research of typical development and identification of caretaker’s intuitive reactions, which support the child best and in a natural way. Relational therapy is not a remedy for every issue in autism. However, it should be an important, central element of a good-enough, holistic educational and therapeutic program. An introduction to other, educational-oriented activities, like learning which is a dyadic process of interaction between two people of whom one is always a teacher for another. Connection and relation should be an essence of every intervention dedicated to autistic children to, as a result, make the autism thaw.
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Parisi, Antonio, and Sara Parisi. "Autism, 75 years of history: From psychoanalysis to neurobiology." AIMS Molecular Science 6, no. 1 (2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/molsci.2019.1.20.

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12

Bates, Richard. "France's Autism Controversy and the Historical Role of Psychoanalysis in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autistic Children." Nottingham French Studies 59, no. 2 (2020): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2020.0286.

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Autism is a contested and controversial subject in many countries, but France has experienced more controversy around the issue than most. This article draws attention to the circumstances in which the formerly prominent role of psychoanalysis in the diagnosis and treatment of autism in children in France has led to much animated debate and eventually to changes in public policy, following internal and international pressure. After outlining these recent events, it will consider the reasons why France found itself out of line with other countries for many years, by examining the historical role of certain influential individuals in the psychoanalytical circle close to Jacques Lacan (1901–81), in particular the child specialists Françoise Dolto (1908–88) and Maud Mannoni (1923–98).
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13

Leckman, James F. "Book Review: Autism Spectrum Disorder: Perspectives from Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 62, no. 6 (2014): 1152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065114557483.

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14

Emanuel, Christina. "An Accidental Pokemon Expert: Contemporary Psychoanalysis on the Autism Spectrum." International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology 10, no. 1 (2014): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15551024.2015.977485.

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15

van Rosmalen, Lenny, René van der Veer, and Frank CP van der Horst. "The nature of love: Harlow, Bowlby and Bettelheim on affectionless mothers." History of Psychiatry 31, no. 2 (2020): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x19898997.

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Harry Harlow, famous for his experiments with rhesus monkeys and cloth and wire mothers, was visited by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby and by child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim in 1958. They made similar observations of Harlow’s monkeys, yet their interpretations were strikingly different. Bettelheim saw Harlow’s wire mother as a perfect example of the ‘refrigerator mother’, causing autism in her child, while Bowlby saw Harlow’s results as an explanation of how socio-emotional development was dependent on responsiveness of the mother to the child’s biological needs. Bettelheim’s solution was to remove the mother, while Bowlby specifically wanted to involve her in treatment. Harlow was very critical of Bettelheim, but evaluated Bowlby’s work positively.
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16

Seitler, Burton Norman. "Intricacies, Complexities, and Limitations of Research on Autism Treatments: An Examination of Seven Treatment Approaches." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 13, no. 2 (2011): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.13.2.155.

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Part 1 of this article, published in Volume 12, Issue 2, probed factors associated with autism. Many of those factors had to do with how toxic substances are polluting our environment. Investigative chicanery involving one neurotoxic agent in particular (thimerosal) was uncovered. The controversy surrounding this neurotoxic agent was examined in some detail, and questions were raised whether information about the degree of toxicity of thimerosal was being minimized, distorted, or covered up by authorities and agencies in positions of influence. Other potentially harmful sources that might differentially contribute to what some might regard as an autism epidemic were listed and described as well.In this section, science and scientific investigation are described, with particular reference to the complexities, intricacies, and difficulties inherent in conducting research on autistic children, and how these intricacies complicate drawing definitive conclusions about if, how, or why a treatment method did or did not work. In addition, seven treatment approaches to autism are listed, along with concise descriptions of these methods and a general rationale underpinning each method. Considerable attention is paid to applied behavior analysis (ABA) because most behavioral treatments derive from it. Commentary on other treatments is provided, such as psychoanalysis, special diets, and chelation. In particular, aftereffects associated with medication tactics are noted.
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17

Dallmayr, Fred R. "Beyond autistic politics." Philosophy & Social Criticism 43, no. 10 (2017): 987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453717695854.

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Western modernity is frequently praised as a process of emancipation liberating individuals from external tutelage. While in the early phases of modernity, individual autonomy was still socially nurtured and embedded, subsequent developments put the premium steadily on negative liberty, thus pushing individuals into private self-enclosure. Autonomy thus became divorced from social and political agency. In psychoanalysis such divorce is called autism or narcissism. The article first examines Zygmunt Bauman’s discussion of the pathology in his The Individualized Society. Next to show the progressive globalization of the malaise, the article turns to an analysis of contemporary Indian society by Ashis Nandy. Finally, the article considers a possible remedy for the pathology: the restoration of a ‘public realm’ as recommended by Hannah Arendt.
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18

Lawes, Martin. "On improvisation as dreaming and the therapist’s authentic use of self in music therapy." British Journal of Music Therapy 34, no. 1 (2019): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359457519884047.

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This article discusses the Music Therapist’s authentic use of self in improvisation-based music therapy to involve the therapist’s ability to ‘dream in music’. The topic is explored with reference to the work of psychoanalyst Thomas Ogden and illustrated with clinical examples from work with an adolescent with autism. The author describes the music-based dreaming through which it was possible to establish a musical connection with the client for the first time that enabled the client’s music and process to evolve as it had not previously. The thinking presented has links with Winnicott’s ideas about play, creativity and psychotherapy; with Stern’s ideas about implicit relational knowing, intersubjectivity and affect attunement; and with theorising about transference and counter-transference in music therapy. The article develops a theory of dreaming in music that highlights the importance of the therapist’s ability to work with the creativity of the unconscious, trusting the music that emerges from within.
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Krtolica, Igor, and Guillaume Sibertin-Blanc. "The Children Estranged from Language: Fernand Deligny, in His Time, and against Lacan." Psychoanalysis and History 21, no. 2 (2019): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2019.0296.

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After working as a special education teacher for children labeled ‘severely retarded and ineducable’ at the Armentières asylum (1939–43), and after his participation in La Grande Cordée (The Great Cord) – a chain of alternative ‘open hosting centers’ for juvenile delinquents (1948–62) – Deligny began the Cévennes network (1967–86) where he created an environment amenable to autistic children. The aim of this ‘attempt’ was to take into account all of the consequences of autistic children's estrangement from the universe of language by constructing a living environment based on the positivity of this world-outside-language, rather than in any effort to compensate for alleged deficiencies. The unique nature of this attempt should not prevent us from situating it ‘in the context of his century.’ First, we contextualize this attempt within its historically concrete conditions, meaning in relation to the pedagogical and psychiatric institutions Deligny confronted, as well as, notably, Maud Mannoni's school at Bonneuil. Then, we situate Deligny in relation to Lacanian psychoanalysis, which defined the subject's formation through its access to the symbolic or to language, and for which autism represented the failure of this symbolic structuring. In this article, we take measure of the effects of these demarcations by examining Deligny's complex relationship with Lacan.
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Zellner, Maggie, and David Olds. "Building bridges between psychoanalysis and the neurosciences: insights into decision-making, working memory, repression, autism spectrum disorder, and more." Neuropsychoanalysis 18, no. 1 (2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2016.1166880.

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21

Bishop, D. V. M., and Joel Swendsen. "Psychoanalysis in the treatment of autism: why is France a cultural outlier?" BJPsych Bulletin, December 17, 2020, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2020.138.

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In most countries, social or behavioural interventions are recommended for autism. However, in France, psychoanalysis is still used, despite objections by patients, families and mental health experts. Supporters of psychoanalysis maintain that the choice of therapeutic approach is a matter of cultural preference, and that objections to psychoanalysis arise from misunderstandings. We argue that more deep-rooted problems are the lack of an evidence base for psychoanalysis and its focus on sexual relationships between children and adults, which demonises mothers and can put children at risk of abuse. Furthermore, psychoanalysis in France is protected from criticism by powerful educational and political networks.
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22

Vecchiato, Marta, Chiara Sacchi, Alessandra Simonelli, and Nicola Purgato. "Evaluating the efficacy of psychodynamic treatment on a single case of autism. A qualitative research." Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome 19, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.194.

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Autism spectrum disorder refers to a group of diseases determined by multiple conditions and primarily defined on the basis of behavioral patterns. The literature and guidelines provide indications regarding adequate treatments, underlying how psychologically and behaviorally structured interventions, should be considered the best programs. Anyway, there is still a scarcity of studies evidencing the effectiveness of therapeutic and developmental approaches situated in a psychodynamic framework and researches aimed to evaluate the quality of psychodynamic interventions on autism are rare. The present study illustrate a qualitative research on the single-case intervention with an autistic adolescent, admitted to the Educational - Rehabilitation Centre Antenna 112. The Centre bases its intervention on a specific psychodynamic approach, Lacanian Psychoanalysis, named Pratique à Plusieurs. The efficacy of the psychodynamic intervention is evaluated by monitoring the therapeutic process with the adolescent from his admission. The evaluation took place in three different stages of the intervention: at the beginning of the treatment, after 6 months and after 12 months. In particular, the level of adaptive behaviors (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale), Social Communication (Social Communication Questionnaire), and the seriousness of behavioral patterns, specific for the autism disorders (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) have been assessed. Results highlight that the psychodynamic setting of the Centre and the therapeutic intervention, which takes place in it, foster an improvement of adaptive behavior, such as life skills and socialization. Limitations of the present study and clinical implications regarding residential psychodynamic treatments in cases of autism disorders are discussed.
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23

Purkayastha, Shibashish. "Reconsidering Autistic Narrative Agency and the Autobiography: The Curious Case of Tito Mukhopadhyay’s Beyond the Silence: My Life, the world and Autism." Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 12, no. 6 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v12n6.06.

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The primary purpose of this paper will be to investigate whether in narrativizing the subtleties of shame and stigma into the form of a coherent autobiography, the autistic autobiographer, Tito Mukhopadhyay, intentionally or unwittingly, explores different avenues regarding the types of autobiographical accounts, which causes us to re-imagine our understandings of autism and numerous other forms of cognitive impairment, and move past excessively deterministic and essentialist/normalizing biomedical discourses of cure and care. The study shall work within theories of postcolonialism, phenomenology, narrative theory, trauma studies and life writing studies. A literature review based on the extant scholarship in the field of life writing studies, health humanities and other disciplines has been conducted and after the identification of the research gap, this study chiefly seeks to purport that the lived experience of autism can be at variance with the prevalent biomedical and neurological understanding of this condition. By taking into cognizance the various material realities of the patients as evinced in their autie-biographies, I maintain that this information can come to the aid of medical practitioners, psychologists and psychoanalysts in considering the subjective dimensions of experience of autism apart from the monolithic and monolingual truth as evidenced by a scientific enquiry of autism spectrum disorder. This also suggests some appropriate conversation starters about the crossing points between a debilitating condition and the act of composing one’s life narrative with such a debilitating condition.
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