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Cahyo Adi Kistoro, Hanif, Caly Setiawan, Eva Latipah, and Himawan Putranta. "Teacher’s experiences in character education for autistic children." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 10, no. 1 (2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20743.
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<p><span>Character education is also important given to autistic children. This phenomenological research aims to reveal the teacher's experience in teaching character education for autistic children. The participants in this research were 10 teachers from three exceptional schools consisting of public and private exceptional schools. In-depth interview method as a data collection technique. Data analysis using semantic reduction is carried out by the stages of identifying important statements from the results of the interview, determining the theme of the discussion, and describing the significance of the whole the teacher's experience. The results found that character learning for autistic children through three models, namely explanatory, practice, and intensive mentoring. The explanatory model is used to practice the ability of autistic children in terms of building children's concentration and focus. The practice model is used to train autistic children soft skills in terms of strengthening the understanding of the material and its reasoning ability. While the intensive mentoring model for training soft skills autistic children related to the ability of interpersonal relationships and confidence. Therefore, the inclusion of teacher competencies must at a minimum include pedagogical, personal, and social abilities to teach character education for autistic children.</span></p>
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Kim, Sung-Min. "Research of Education Program for Autistic Children the Clay." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 9, no. 3 (2009): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2009.9.3.091.
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Handajani, Rinawati Pudji, and Rizky H. Pramesti. "Mapping the Motion Space of Children in Autism Treatment Center of Malang City with TEACCH Approach (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children)." Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies 18, no. 1 (2020): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ruas.2020.018.01.6.
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The Autism Treatment Center in Malang City applies structured teaching-learning methods, namely the TEACCH approach (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children) with four essential components: physical structure, schedule, work system, and visual structure. The four components are interrelated with each other so that the goal of helping the development of autistic children can be achieved. The physical structure is the first step to encourage the interest of autistic children. An excellent physical arrangement of space can minimize the tantrum effect of autistic children. Thus, this paper aims to research the space for autistic children with the TEACCH approach. This study used behavioral mapping in the form of person-centered mapping, place centered mapping, and physical trace that aims to determine the pattern of activity, furniture layout, and trace activities of autistic children during therapy activities. The results show the motion space mapping of autistic children.
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Ahmed, Fayza Ebrahim. "Extents of abuse and behavioural disorders in autistic children who were abused and who were not abused." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 16, no. 1 (2021): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i1.5513.
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This study aimed at identifying the extents of abuse of autistic children and some behavioural disorders in who were abused and who were not abused from parents and teachers’ perspective. To achieve the study’s objectives, the researcher adopted a descriptive research method and used a survey as a tool for the task. The sample consisted of 200 autistic children. The study found a positive relationship between the extents of abuse (physical, emotional, neglect and sexual) and the degrees of behavioural disorders (self-harm, aggression, anxiety and depression) in children with autism who were abused. Autistic children who were abused suffered more from these behavioural disorders. The study recommends an increase in interest in children with autism within the family and community levels by planning and implementing programmes that can help them to adapt socially to the environment, which keeps them away from the exposure to abuse.
 
 Keywords: Abuse extents, behavioural disorders, autistic children.
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Bosra, Mustari Bosra, Hanif Cahyo Adi, and Greget Annisa Syawaliani. "Teacher’s Communication Model in Learning Islamic Education for Autism Children." Al-Ta lim Journal 27, no. 3 (2020): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jt.v27i3.636.
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The communication model in the education process is the main thing—no exception in education for children who experience psychological difficulties such as children. The material, methods, and learning media needed are supported by a useful communication model to help the progress of religious education for autistic children. This study uses teacher communication methods in learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Data collection uses interviews with the support of documentation in the form of photos, videos, and event support during field monitoring. Relevant research results in the study show that the communication model applied in the teaching of Islamic religion in special autistic school children, Bina Anggita Yogyakarta, uses two models: 1 (one) Direction and 2 (two) Directions. One-way communication is used for children whose verbal ability has not yet appeared. While 2-Way communication is used for autistic children who are able to communicate verbally. Strategies in learning use the concept of one teacher, one child. While education is done using the ABA and PECS methods. This method is useful in training and training students in expressing their desires. Based on the findings in this study, the communication model applied in special autism children development schools can be used as a learning model in other schools that manage autistic children.
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Chaichitwanidchakol, Pitsanu, and Witcha Feungchan. "Design and Implementation of Interactive Mobile Application for Autistic Children in Physical Education Class." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 14 (2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i14.15477.
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Each autistic child has different characteristics and severity of symptoms ranging from not being able to do daily routine tasks such as exercising by themselves to not being able to care for themselves and needing caretakers to look after them for most of the time. In the Autistic Research Centre, Khon Kaen University Demonstration School, Thailand, every morning, one of their routine tasks is exercise, especially on the treadmill, which can reduce their weight and improve their focus on school during the day. The aim of this research is to find video interaction in the form that encourage autistic children’s exercise on a treadmill suitable for individual child. Six interaction techniques were designed and tested. The techniques included: Face Detection (FD), Upper Body Detection (UBD), Color Detection (CD), QR Code Detection (QCD), Motion Detection (MD), and Adaptive Video Interaction (AVI). All interactions were developed on the iOS platform and tested on eight autistic children. Each child was tested at least 12 sessions on the treadmill, and performance of the six techniques were evaluated from the accuracy of application detecting the child’s presence on the treadmill compared to the actual number of times that each child disappeared. The results showed that the AVI was the most suitable technique for autistic children with an average accuracy rate of 92.31%. The study shows that the application is able to reduce the caretaker’s burden and motivate autistic children to focus while exercising.
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Crane, Laura, Lok Man Lui, Jade Davies, and Elizabeth Pellicano. "Autistic parents’ views and experiences of talking about autism with their autistic children." Autism 25, no. 4 (2021): 1161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320981317.
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Little is known about how parents talk about autism with their autistic children, particularly among families in which both a parent and child are autistic. Using an online survey, we gathered quantitative and qualitative data from 34 autistic parents (most of whom had told their children about their diagnosis) to address this knowledge gap. There was considerable overlap between the views and experiences of the autistic parents in this study and the largely non-autistic parent samples in previous research. Specifically, parents emphasised the importance of being open and honest about the diagnosis, disclosing the diagnosis as early as possible, individualising discussions to children’s needs and framing the diagnosis positively. There were, however, areas in which the views and experiences of the current sample differed from previous research on non-autistic samples. First, our sample of autistic parents outlined the benefits of their own experiential expertise, which they felt resulted in heightened understanding and empathy with their children. Second, our sample tended not to express concerns about disclosure potentially having a negative impact. Finally, our participants did not express a want or need for professional support with disclosure. Instead, they reported feeling well equipped to support their children using their own knowledge and lived experience. Lay abstract Previous research examining how parents talk about autism with their children has tended to focus on parents who are not autistic themselves. We collected information on this topic from 34 autistic parents of autistic children (most of whom had told their children about their diagnosis). We found similarities, but also differences, between the views and experiences of autistic parents in this research and those reported in previous research (in studies of largely non-autistic parents). Similarities include the following: it is important to be open and honest about the diagnosis; the diagnosis should be introduced/discussed as early as possible; discussions should be tailored to each individual child’s needs; and we should not overlook the challenges associated with autism, but it is important to focus on positive aspects too. Differences include the following: autistic parents used personal experiences in conversations about autism, which was felt to result in increased understanding and empathy with their children; autistic parents overwhelmingly focused on more positive aspects of an autism diagnosis; our sample did not express concerns that discussions could have negative consequences too (e.g. making children more anxious); and autistic parents did not want or need professional support to talk about autism with their children (instead, they felt confident in using their own knowledge/experiences to guide discussions).
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Lahav, Orly, Vadim Talis, Ravit Shelkovitz, and Rona Horen. "High-functioning autistic children programming robotic behaviour." Journal of Enabling Technologies 13, no. 2 (2019): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-12-2018-0069.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the ability of high-functioning autistic (HFA) children to programme robotic behaviour and sought to elucidate how they describe and construct a robot’s behaviour using iconic programming software. Design/methodology/approach The robotic learning environment is based on the iPad, an iconic programming app (KinderBot), and EV3. Two case studies, of A. and N., both HFA children of average age 10.5, are the focus of this research. Findings The research revealed how the participants succeeded in programming the behaviour of an “other” at different programming complexity levels (from simple action to combinations of states of two binary sensors and rule with subroutine). A transformation from procedural to declarative description was also found. Practical implications This research on the ability of HFA children to programme robotic behaviour yielded results that can be implemented in K-12 education. Furthermore, learning to programme robots and understand how robotic technologies work may help HFA children to better understand other technology in their environment. Originality/value In this research, the authors present an innovative approach that for the first time enables HFA children to “design” the behaviour of smart artefacts to use their sensors to adapt in accordance with the environment. For most HFA children, this would be the first opportunity to “design” the behaviour of the other, as opposed to oneself, since in most of their experience they have been largely controlled by another person.
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Alves Ribeiro, Francisco Adelton, Álvaro Itauna Schalcher Pereira, Miguel de Sousa Freitas, and Dina Karla Plácido Nascimento. "Gamifying the teaching of facial expressions for children with autistic spectrum disorder." Revista EDaPECI 20, no. 1 (2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29276/redapeci.2020.20.112194.66-77.
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The game is an educational tool developed by the multidisciplinary team of the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Maranhão, composed of professors, students and volunteers, to be applied in the daily life of children with disorder of Autistic Spectre. It follows the differentiated teaching model, because it aims to assist in the treatment of autistic children through the recognition and interpretations of facial expressions, in their various spectra (mild, moderate or severe), exercising their stimuli and Cognitive ability to recognize distinct facial expressions through mobile devices in a multiple choice environment, allowing the gradual increase of the autistic's sensitivity to external stimuli, a predilection for facial images that are They handle repetitively, developing the wearer's motricity, improving their interpersonal relationship. The methodology used is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), commonly associated with the treatment of people with autism spectrum disorders using positive reinforcements, thus contributing to the teaching and practice effectively based on Evidence, because it consists of basic, applied and theoretical research, through social behaviors and patterns. The research was distinguished, in the academic and scientific environment, with three works published in international events.
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Poole, Daniel, Emma Gowen, Ellen Poliakoff, and Luke A. Jones. "‘No idea of time’: Parents report differences in autistic children’s behaviour relating to time in a mixed-methods study." Autism 25, no. 6 (2021): 1797–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211010014.
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An emerging body of research suggests that temporal processing may be disrupted in autistic children, although little is known about behaviours relating to time in daily life. In the present study, 113 parents of autistic and 201 parents of neurotypical children (aged 7–12 years) completed the It’s About Time questionnaire and open-ended questions about their child’s behaviour relating to time. The questionnaire scores were lower in the autistic compared with the neurotypical group, suggesting that behaviours are affected. Three key themes were identified using thematic analysis: autistic children had problems with temporal knowledge, learning about concepts relating to time, such as how to use the clock and language around time. There were differences in prospection with autistic children having more difficulties with how they thought about the future and prepared themselves for upcoming events. The final theme, monotropism, described how autistic children viewed their time as precious so they could maximise engagement in their interests. The present study indicates that behaviours relating to time can have a considerable impact on the daily lives of autistic children and their families. Further work exploring the development of temporal cognition in autism would be valuable for targeting effective educational and clinical support. Lay abstract Many everyday activities require us to organise our behaviours with respect to time. There is some evidence that autistic children have problems with how they perceive and understand time. However, little is currently known about this, or the ways in which behaviours related to time are impacted in daily life. In this study, 113 parents of autistic children and 201 parents of neurotypical children completed a questionnaire and open-ended questions about their child’s behaviour relating to time. Questionnaire scores were lower in the autistic group compared with neurotypicals, which suggests that behaviours relating to time are affected in autistic children. The open-ended responses further confirmed that the autistic children struggled with time and that this impacted on them and their family. Three key themes were identified. Theme 1: autistic children have problems with learning about concepts relating to time such as telling the time from a clock and using words to describe time (hours, minutes, etc.) appropriately. Theme 2: autistic children think about the future differently. Planning and working under time pressure were described as a problem. Theme 3: autistic children have strong interests which take up a lot of their attention and worrying about having sufficient time to pursue these interests causes anxiety. This research indicates that behaviours related to time can have a considerable impact on the lives of autistic children and that targeted support may be required.
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Koydemir-Özden, Selda, and Ülkü Tosun. "A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Turkish Mothers of Children With Autism: Implications for Counselling." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 20, no. 1 (2010): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.20.1.55.
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AbstractMost children with autism exhibit a variety of behaviours, which may create considerable stress in families. Parents of children with autism have to learn many strategies to support their children. Understanding the experiences of parents of autistic children is crucial in the design and delivery of the appropriate counselling services. The present study attempted to investigate the impact of having an autistic child on the lives of Turkish mothers. For this aim, a Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) Approach was followed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 mothers of autistic children. The interview questions were designed to investigate many facets of the mothers' experiences. For the data analysis, steps of CQR were followed, namely transcription of data, identification of main domains and core ideas, identification of categories and subcategories, and cross analysis. The analyses resulted in a variety of domains such as the reactions to the disability of the child, experience of stress and burnout, involvement with the education of the child, and evaluation of the facilities of the special education centre. Recommendations for guidance and counselling were drawn based on the categories of each domain.
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Humphrey, Neil, and Gill Parkinson. "Research on interventions for children and young people on the autistic spectrum: a critical perspective." Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs 6, no. 2 (2006): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-3802.2006.00062.x.
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Yuliandika, Rizal Dwi, and Dewi Suryandari. "Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Temper Tantrum Anak Autis di SLB AGCA Center Surakarta." Jurnal Berita Ilmu Keperawatan 12, no. 1 (2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bik.v12i1.9618.
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Growth and development, especially in children, sometimes impaired either before birth or after birth. Developmental disorders in children one of which is a developmental disorder behavior. Autism is one of irregularities in development since infancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of parents' parenting autistic children in SLB Agca Center Surakarta and analyze the relationship between foster parents with autistic children in special schools tantrums Agca Center Surakarta. The result is expected to increase the knowledge and contribute to the parties involved in this research about the types of parenting parents the right to their children, especially to children dishabilitas, such as autistic children. This study design using correlational, which examines the relationship between variables. Method is a cross sectional approach. The population in this study are all autistic children in SLB Agca Center Surakarta numbered 34 children. The sample in this study were students with autism SLB Agca Center Surakarta totaling 34 children. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Analysis of the data in this study using univariate and bivariate analysis 
 aimed to test the hypothesis or testing a relationship between parenting parents with an autistic child temper tantrums in SLB Agca Center Surakarta. The results showed that parents' parenting of children autism in SLB Agca Center Surakarta included in the category of good, and the trend parenting democratic show that autistic children at SLB Agca Center Surakarta has temper tantrums low and temper tantrums of children autism in SLB Agca Center Surakarta included in the category are low, this indicates that the planting of education in SLB Agca Center Surakarta quite successful. There is a correlation between parenting system and temper tantrum of children with Autism Syndrom Disorder in Agca Center Surakarta.
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Anthony, Bruno J., Hillary A. Robertson, Alyssa Verbalis, et al. "Increasing autism acceptance: The impact of the Sesame Street “See Amazing in All Children” initiative." Autism 24, no. 1 (2019): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319847927.
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To promote knowledge and acceptance of autism, Sesame Workshop created an online initiative: See Amazing in All Children. This nationwide evaluation of See Amazing assessed whether it increased knowledge and acceptance, promoted community inclusion, reduced parenting strain, and enhanced parenting competence. Survey responses were collected online from parents of children (age ⩽ 6) with and without autism before (N = 1010), 1 week after (N = 510), and, for parents of autistic children, 1 month after (N = 182) they viewed the See Amazing materials. Following exposure, parents of non-autistic children showed small but significant increases in knowledge of autism and, like parents of autistic children, greater acceptance of autistic children. Parents of autistic children reported less strain, increased parenting competence, and more hope about involving their child in their community. That the See Amazing materials invoked positive changes in the general parent community and in parents of autistic children suggests that See Amazing materials have the potential to be an effective resource to increase acceptance and community inclusion, although limitations of self-selection, dropout rate, and lack of control group constrain interpretation. Implications include support for targeting acceptance as a step beyond awareness campaigns, though actual behavior change is a subject for future research.
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Meneses, Francília Sousa. "PROCESSO DE INCLUSÃO DE ESTUDANTES AUTISTAS NO ENSINO REGULAR." Somma: Revista Científica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51361/somma.v7i1.51.
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Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by compromising the communication and social interaction of individuals. Topic widely discussed in the process of educational inclusion, with regard to access and permanence of students. This review articleaimed to understand and discuss how the inclusion process of childrenwith Autistic Spectrum Disorder (TEA)occursin schools, considering the need for inclusion and the integral development of the autistic student inserted in regular classes. Thus, I present here a broad view of the concept of autism in order to understand how the teacher who works in regular education develops pedagogical practices in the work of inclusion of these students. The research methodology was carried out with a view to a qualitative approach, through bibliographic research and as a data collection instrument, non-participant observation of regular classrooms with autistic students was used. In general, some teachers have a pedagogical practice aimed at inclusion, promoting methodological strategies that contribute to the development and learning of autistic children. However, other teachers feel unprepared to deal with their autistic students
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Fox, James, and Sarah Savelle. "Social Interaction Research and Families of Behaviorally Disordered Children: A Critical Review and Forward Look." Behavioral Disorders 12, no. 4 (1987): 276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874298701200403.
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This article critically reviews research on the social interactions of behaviorally disordered children with family members. Behaviorally disordered children are in part characterized by their difficulty in establishing or maintaining positive social relationships. This includes conduct disordered, socially withdrawn, and autistic children. Most applied research on social development has been conducted in educational settings. Yet, parents and siblings are typically acknowledged as the earliest and one of the most enduring influences on children's social development. Descriptive and intervention research that includes direct observational measures of social interaction between behaviorally disordered children, their siblings, or parents are reviewed. Two princiipal questions are addressed: (a) To what degree have these research studies shown that behaviorally disordered children exhibit deficits in positive interaction with family members when compared to nonhandicapped children and their families; and (b) what interventions have been shown to be effective in increasing positive interaction between behaviorally disordered children and their families? Issues and questions for future research in this area are discussed.
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Ichim, Paul, Iuliana Barna, and Mircea Dragu. "Means of psychomotor and cognitive recovery for children with autism spectrum disorder." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 5, no. 2 (2015): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v5i2.142.
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According to some international assessments, the rate of autism spectrum disorder cases is 1 to 68 children. There are approximately 67 million autistic people in the worlds, and 4 out of 5 children are boys.The alarmingly increasing rate, as well as the impossibility to prevent this disorder, as its causes are not completely clear, the diversity of its symptoms, the precarious social integration and the big number of ineffectual therapies are the key elements that have determined us to pursue this research. The aim of this study is that of demonstrating that the multisystemic therapy (MST) in water and the cognitive therapy play an important role in the multidisciplinary process of recovering and integrating the autistic children in society. Keywords: autism, deviant behavior, alternative therapy, psychomotor education.
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Barakat, Hadeer, Ali Foaad Bakr, and Zeyad El-sayad. "Nature as a Healer for Autistic Children." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v3iss1.277.
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According to estimates from the Center for Disease Control (CDC's) in 2008 and the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network in 2010, about 1 in 88 children had Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 2008 and about 1 in 68 children had Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in (2010). The eighth Scientific Conference for Autism held by the College of Education in conjunction with the Egyptian Society for Hydration Capacities of Children with Special Needs revealed that 1 out of every 80 children in Egypt are suffering from autism and this number in Egypt was expected to rise from 2.3 million in 2001 to 2.9 million in 2017. 
 
 The reason for many of autistic children’s symptoms is sensory integration; it is the power to understand, organize, and feel sensory data from the environment and body. The issues surrounding sensory integration are presented in hyposensitive and hypersensitive reactions by children with autism to the vestibular, proprioception, tactile, audio, visual, and olfactory senses. 
 
 A great deal of research has been conducted on gardens and their effect on health outcomes and how a garden may provide benefit: 
 1. Relief from physical symptoms or awareness of those symptoms. 
 2. Stress reduction. 
 3. Improvement in overall sense of well-being. 
 
 The aim of this paper is to establish a group of guidelines for designing a therapeutic garden for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to treat the sensory integration problems of children with ASD by designing a sensory garden which should focus on therapeutic interference. By using the elements and principles of design, the guidelines for this garden are focused on producing calming effects for hyper reactive children with ASD and stimulating effects for hypo reactions.
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Cook, Anna, Jane Ogden, and Naomi Winstone. "The effect of school exposure and personal contact on attitudes towards bullying and autism in schools: A cohort study with a control group." Autism 24, no. 8 (2020): 2178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320937088.
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Research shows that the attitudes of children and adolescents towards bullying are influenced by the school environment and their peer groups. Given the increased vulnerability to bullying for autistic children, this study explored whether neurotypical children’s attitudes towards bullying and autism varied according to school exposure and personal contact with autistic people. Survey data were collected at the beginning and end of the school year from 775 children aged 11–12 years, from six schools: three with specialist centres for autism and three without. Participants read vignettes depicting bullying scenarios then completed measures of their attitudes in relation to the vignette and towards autism. Children from centre schools showed a greater increase in prosocial emotions towards bullying. For children from non-centre schools, an interaction showed a decrease in prosocial emotions except in response to social exclusion of an autistic child. Increases in personal contact showed a greater increase in positive attitudes towards autistic people. Explanations draw on theories of inter-group contact and social-moral reasoning. Results highlight the need for contact both at a personal level and through attending a school with an inclusive autism provision to increase understanding, improve attitudes towards autism and reduce tolerance for bullying. Lay abstract Autistic children are more likely than non-autistic children to be bullied at school. This study therefore explored whether the kind of school setting and the level of personal contact with autistic people can affect children’s attitudes towards bullying and autism. Surveys were completed at the beginning and end of the school year by 775 children aged 11–12 years, from six schools: three with specialist centres for autistic children and three without. Participants read stories describing bullying situations, then provided their views in relation to the story and in relation to autism. Children in schools with centres increased their feelings of anger, pity, sadness and shame in response to the bullying situations. In contrast, children in schools with no centre showed less sociable responses to bullying, except in response to a story describing an autistic child, being excluded by classmates. Furthermore, children who increased the time they spent with autistic individuals over the course of the year showed a greater rise in positive attitudes towards autistic people. This highlights the need for both personal contact and an inclusive school environment, to improve attitudes towards autism and reduce tolerance for bullying.
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Smith, Jodie, Rhylee Sulek, Ifrah Abdullahi, et al. "Comparison of mental health, well-being and parenting sense of competency among Australian and South-East Asian parents of autistic children accessing early intervention in Australia." Autism 25, no. 6 (2021): 1784–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211010006.
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Parents from individualist cultures (those focused on autonomy of individuals; that is, Australian) may view their autistic children differently compared to parents from collectivist cultures (where community needs are valued over an individual’s, that is, South-East Asian cultures). As most research on autism and parenting has been undertaken in Western individualist cultures, knowledge of parenting beliefs and mental health within collectivist cultures is lacking. We compared the mental health, quality of life, well-being and parenting sense of competency between families raising an autistic child from two groups: 97 Australian parents and 58 parents from South-East Asian backgrounds. Children from both groups were receiving the same community-based early intervention. No group differences were found on the measures of mental health but, when compared to Australian parents, parents from South-East Asian backgrounds reported higher well-being and less impact on their quality of life resulting from their child’s autism-specific difficulties. Furthermore, a positive association between well-being and quality of life was only observed for South-East Asian parents. Hence, the views of, and responses to, disability for South-East Asian parents may act as a protective factor promoting well-being. This novel research indicates that culture plays a role in parenting autistic children and highlights the need to accurately capture cultural background information in research. Lay abstract We know that parents of autistic children experience poorer mental health and lower well-being than parents of non-autistic children. We also know that poorer mental health among parents of autistic children has been observed across different cultures. Most research focuses on Western cultures, so we know little about parental mental health and well-being of parents from different cultural backgrounds; yet, it is likely that cultural background contributes to how parents view their child’s condition and respond to the diagnosis. Here, we compared mental health, quality of life and well-being between families raising an autistic child from Australian backgrounds to families from South-East Asian backgrounds. All children in the current study were receiving the same community-based early intervention. When compared to the general population, parents had poorer mental health overall, but there were no differences between the two groups of parents. However, parents from South-East Asian backgrounds reported higher well-being and fewer difficulties associated with their child’s autism. These findings suggest that cultural background likely influences not only parent’s view of, and response to, their child’s autism, but also their own sense of well-being. As researchers and clinicians working with families of autistic children, we should more explicitly consider family’s cultural background within our work.
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Bradley, Ryan, and Nigel Newbutt. "Autism and virtual reality head-mounted displays: a state of the art systematic review." Journal of Enabling Technologies 12, no. 3 (2018): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-01-2018-0004.
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Purpose The use of virtual reality (VR) technologies in the education of autistic children has been a focus of research for over two decades. It is argued that this form of technology can provide authentic “real world” contexts that target social and life skills training in safe, controllable and repeatable virtual environments. The development of affordable VR head-mounted displays (HMD), such as Google cardboard and Oculus Rift, has seen a renewed interest in their use for a wide range of applications, including the education of autistic individuals. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A systematic search of electronic databases focussing on empirical studies on the use of VR-HMD for children and adults on the autism spectrum was undertaken. Findings A review of the literature identified a limited number of studies in this field characterised by differences in the type of application, technology used and participant characteristics. Research limitations/implications Whilst there are some grounds for optimism, more research is needed on the use of this technology within educational settings to ensure robust recommendations can be made on the implementation, use and sustainability of this approach. Originality/value This paper is the first to consider the evidence base for the use of VR-HMD technology to support the needs of the autistic population.
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Abadi, Reza Febri. "Use of magnetic sand to improving writing ability for autistic children in special education laboratories." JPK (Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus) 16, no. 2 (2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v16i2.31609.
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Abstract: This research is motivated by the availability of an autistic have not been able to write. One of the learning media that is assumed to be able to improve the writing ability of the child is magneticsand. The purpose of this research is to find out the use of magnetic sand to improve writing skills in children with autism. This research was an experiment by using the Single Subject Research (SSR) approach and A – B – A design was as the design of this research. The researcher collected the data by using observation and documentation and the data was analyzed by using in condition and among condition analysis. This research conducted in a month by 4 – 8- 4 (A1 – B – A2) section and by behavior target which made line shapes and vocal letters. The data was obtained on behavior target 1 was 40 % in baseline phase 1 (A1,) 80% in intervention phase, and 71,25 % in the baseline and behavior target 2 was 35 % in baseline phase 1 (A1,), 80 % in intervention phase and 71,25 % in the baseline. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of magnetic sand as a media can improve student’s writing ability.
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Kristanti, Lucia Ani, and Cintika Yorinda Sebtalesy. "Parents' Capacity for Autistic Child Personal Hygiene." Jurnal Midpro 11, no. 2 (2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/md.v11i2.117.
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ABSTRAK Anak autisme memiliki kebutuhan dasar yang sama dengan anak normal lainnya. Namun akibat dari gangguan perkembangan yang dialami menyebabkan mereka tidak atau kurang mampu memenuhi kebutuhannya tersebut secara mandiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kapasitas orang tua terhadap personal hygiene anak autis. Jenis penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua orang tua yang memiliki anak autis dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden. menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah kapasitas orang tua terhadap personal hygiene anak autis. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diproses editing, coding, scoring dan tabulating. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar orang tua memiliki kapasitas maksimal terhadap personal hygiene (mandi) anak autis yaitu 21 orang (70%). Sebagian besar orang tua memiliki kapasitas maksimal terhadap personal hygiene (keramas) anak autis yaitu 21 orang (70%). Sebagian besar orang tua memiliki kapasitas maksimal terhadap personal hygiene (gosok gigi) anak autis yaitu 22 orang (73,3%). Sebagian besar orang tua memiliki kapasitas maksimal terhadap personal hygiene (cuci tangan) anak autis yaitu 20 orang (63,7%). Sebagian besar orang tua memiliki kapasitas maksimal terhadap personal hygiene (memotong kuku) anak autis yaitu 19 orang (63,3%). Saran dari hasil penelitian yaitu memberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan kepada orang tua yang memiliki anak autis dalam mengelola sumber-sumber daya yang dimiliki, paling tidak uang dan waktu dalam upaya peningkatan kapasitas orang tua terhadap personal hygiene anak autis. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dikembangkan dengan menyertakan variabel yang belum diangkat dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini. Kata kunci : Kapasitas Orang Tua, Anak Autis, Personal Hygiene ABSTRACT Children with autism have the same basic needs as other normal children. However, the result of developmental disruptions caused them to be unable or less able to meet these needs independently. The purpose of this study is to determine the capacity of parents of autistic children personal hygiene. Descriptive research type. The study population was all parents who have autistic children with a sample of 30 respondents. using total sampling techniques. The variable in this study is the capacity of parents for personal hygiene in children with autism. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The data obtained is then processed editing, coding, scoring and tabulating. The results showed that most parents have the maximum capacity for personal hygiene (bathing) of autistic children, which is 21 people (70%). Most parents have the maximum capacity for personal hygiene (shampooing) for autistic children, which is 21 people (70%). Most of the parents have a maximum capacity for personal hygiene (brush teeth) of autistic children, that is 22 people (73.3%). Most parents have the maximum capacity for personal hygiene (hand washing) of autistic children, which is 20 people (63.7%). Most parents have a maximum capacity for personal hygiene (nail cutting) of autistic children, 19 people (63.3%). Suggestions from the results of the study are to provide education and training to parents who have autistic children in managing their resources, at least money and time in an effort to increase the capacity of parents to autistic children personal hygiene. It is expected that the results of this study can be developed by including variables that have not been raised in the implementation of this study. Keywords: Parental Capacity, Personal Hygiene, Autistic Children
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Eskicioglu, Y., H. Coknaz, A. Celen, and D. Coknaz. "The Contributions of Physical Education and Game Activities on Behaviors of Autistic Individuals." Asian Education Studies 2, no. 1 (2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/aes.v2i1.104.
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People are expected to carry out certain roles and duties throughout their lives in a society. The inability of people to carry out their roles and duties in a society due to various factors is defined as “disability.” Considering that there are 1,559,222 disabled individuals in our country, the rate holds an important place within the general population. Each individual is either disabled, has a disabled relative or a candidate for disability. Thus it is necessary to provide suitable conditions to enable disabled individuals live in concert with the society. This study is conducted in order to determine the level of influence of a 28-hour sport and game activity each week, for 14 weeks, on autistic individuals who have weak socializing and communications skills. This research is conducted on 2 male autistic children of a volunteer family during the fall semester of 2014-2015 academic year; this research also includes preliminary test and proof positive through face to face interview with the family. Descriptive analysis and content analysis are used in data analysis. All of the procedures are carried out by qualitative analysis program NVIVO 10. The names of disabled individuals who attended the research are undisclosed. In the end of this research, the statements released during the interviews show that physical education and game activities have an important influence on the development of disabled individuals. In this respect, the statements given at the end of the research are presented as Emotions and Thoughts of the Mother and Emotions and Behaviors of the Children.
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MacLennan, Keren, Timothy Rossow, and Teresa Tavassoli. "The relationship between sensory reactivity, intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety subtypes in preschool-age autistic children." Autism 25, no. 8 (2021): 2305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211016110.
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Sensory reactivity differences are a diagnostic criterion of autism. Sensory hyperreactivity has been linked to intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety in autistic children. However, research is yet to explore the mediating relationships or sensory hyporeactivity, seeking and anxiety subtypes in preschool-age autistic children. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the relationships between sensory reactivity, intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety subtypes in a heterogeneous group of 54 preschool-age autistic children, age 3–5 years, using observation and parent-report assessments. Correlational analysis found sensory hyperreactivity, intolerance of uncertainty and total anxiety were significantly intercorrelated. In addition, sensory hyperreactivity was significantly correlated with separation anxiety when controlling for autism traits. Serial mediation analyses indicated significant full mediation between sensory hyperreactivity and anxiety through intolerance of uncertainty, and significant full mediation between sensory hyperreactivity and intolerance of uncertainty through anxiety. Our results suggest that sensory hyperreactivity is a key early factor in the development of anxiety, and supports that intolerance of uncertainty is an important interrelated construct in the development and maintenance of anxiety in autism. Our findings have important implications for the development of effective interventions. However, due to limitations with the measures, our research also highlights a pressing need for objective assessments of anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty that can be used with preschool-age autistic children. Lay abstract This study found links between greater sensory hyperreactivity (e.g., over-sensitive to sensory input), intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety, including separation anxiety, in autistic pre-schoolers. Sensory hyperreactivity may predict both anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty may both be mutually important, mediating factors. These findings have implications for early anxiety interventions. But there is a pressing need for objective assessments that can be used with preschool-age autistic children.
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Costa Chahini, Thelma Helena, and Isaac Pereira Viana. "Context of The Inclusion of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Early Childhood Education." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 1 (2021): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss1.2868.
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The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a Neurodevelopment Disorder which involves a few deficits pertaining to social and communication skills, as well as repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Brazilian law nº 12.764 of 2012 guarantees and protects the rights of those with ASD. This study’s main objective is to describe the process of inclusion of children with ASD in public institutions of Early Childhood Education in the city of São Luís, Maranhão state, based on the perception of family members and the staff from said institutions. An exploratory descriptive research with a qualitative approach was conducted in two Early Childhood Education institutions with attending ASD children. Participants were 4 family members of children with ASD and 16 staff members who worked with the ASD children in the institutions. After receiving the consolidated opinion from the Ethics Committee (CEP/CONEP/UFMA, Nº 2.891.951), data were collected through semi structured interviews consisting of two scripts: one for family members, and the other for staff. Results showed that although the majority of children with ASD were well treated and accepted by staff and other children without disabilities, there are still many barriers to overcome in the context of Inclusive Education in Early Childhood Education. Among these barriers are those caused by stigmas related to the disorder in question, as well as the fear and/or rejection by parents and other family members of the interaction between their non-disabled children and those with ASD. Most people working with ASD children still feel unprepared. There is a lack of partnership between the studied institutions and the family members of children with ASD, which leads to another barrier to their inclusion in Early Childhood Education.
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Crane, Laura, Lydia Jones, Rachel Prosser, Morvarid Taghrizi, and Elizabeth Pellicano. "Parents’ views and experiences of talking about autism with their children." Autism 23, no. 8 (2019): 1969–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319836257.
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The way an autism diagnosis is disclosed to parents has been found to play a crucial role in their acceptance of, and the way they cope with, their child’s diagnosis. Yet, research into parents’ subsequent experiences of disclosing a diagnosis to their children, and talking to their families about autism more generally, is limited. Using an online survey, the current study examined 558 parents’ experiences of talking about autism with their autistic and non-autistic children. Results demonstrated that most parents ( n = 379, 67.9%) had told their autistic children about their diagnosis. Despite few parents ( n = 163, 20.4%) receiving advice or support regarding the disclosure of the diagnosis, those that had disclosed felt satisfied with the process ( n = 319, 84.2%) and felt confident in talking about autism with their children ( n = 339, 92.4%). Those who had not told their autistic children about the diagnosis largely planned to discuss this with their child in the future ( n = 100, 73.5%), felt confident in doing so ( n = 95, 70.9%) and were satisfied with their decision ( n = 95, 70.4%). Analysis of open-ended data, using thematic analysis, highlighted the importance of openness and the need to tailor explanations to individual children’s needs, while acknowledging that disclosure could often be challenging for parents.
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Stamou, Athina, Arielle Bonneville Roussy, Adam Ockelford, and Lorella Terzi. "The Effectiveness of a Music and Dance Program on the Task Engagement and Inclusion of Young Pupils on the Autism Spectrum." Music & Science 2 (January 1, 2019): 205920431988185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204319881852.
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Inclusion has been a contested concept affecting policy and practice in education for many decades, particularly for individuals on the autism spectrum. Due to the challenges that autistic pupils may face in forming social relationships, they are at a greater risk of isolation and exclusion. This study explored whether music and dance can promote the inclusion of autistic children aged 5–8 years, attending mainstream schools, through participation in a novel music and dance program. A total of 42 pupils (seven autistic), in seven groups, took part in the 6-week program. Engagement on task and physical proximity were used as proxy measures of inclusion. Video observation was used for the collection and analysis of the data. The findings suggest that music is a strong motivational factor for autistic participants and promotes engagement on task. Music and dance have been found to enhance physical contact and cooperation in the group, thus promoting acceptance and inclusion. Implications for practice and directions for further research are discussed.
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McKinney, Ailbhe, Emma JL Weisblatt, Kathryn L. Hotson, et al. "Overcoming hurdles to intervention studies with autistic children with profound communication difficulties and their families." Autism 25, no. 6 (2021): 1627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998916.
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Autistic children and adults who are non-verbal/minimally verbal or have an intellectual disability have often been excluded from Autism Spectrum Disorder research. Historical, practical and theoretical reasons for this exclusion continue to deter some researchers from work with this underserved population. We discuss why these reasons are neither convincing nor ethical, and provide strategies for dealing with practical issues. As part of a randomised controlled trial of an intervention for children with profound autism, we reflected as a multi-disciplinary team on what we had learnt from these children, their families and each other. We provide 10 strategies to overcome what appeared initially to be barriers to collecting data with this population. These hurdles and our solutions are organised by theme: interacting physically with children, how to play and test, navigating difficult behaviours, selecting suitable outcome measures, relating with parents, managing siblings, involving stakeholders, timing interactions, the clinician’s role in managing expectations, and recruitment. The aim of this article is to provide researchers with the tools to feel motivated to conduct research with children with profound autism and their families, a difficult but worthwhile endeavour. Many of these lessons also apply to conducting research with non-autistic children with intellectual disabilities. Lay abstract Autistic children who speak few or no words or who have an intellectual disability are the most in need of new understandings and treatments, but the most often left out of the research that can bring these benefits. Researchers perceive difficulties around compliance with instructions, testing, challenging behaviours and family stress. Although research with these children can indeed be difficult, their continuing exclusion is unethical and unacceptable. Drawing on our experiences testing a possible treatment for children with profound autism, we provide 10 practical guidelines related to (1) interacting physically, (2) combining play and testing, (3) responding to challenging behaviour, (4) finding suitable tests, (5) relationships with parents, (6) relationships with siblings, (7) involving stakeholders, (8) planning the testing times, (9) the role of the clinical supervisor and (10) recruiting and retaining participants. We hope that these guidelines will prepare and embolden other research teams to work with profoundly autistic children, ending their historical exclusion from research. These guidelines also could be useful for conducting research with children with intellectual disabilities.
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Crane, Laura, Fern Adams, Georgia Harper, Jack Welch, and Elizabeth Pellicano. "‘Something needs to change’: Mental health experiences of young autistic adults in England." Autism 23, no. 2 (2018): 477–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318757048.
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There is a high incidence and prevalence of mental health problems among young people, with several barriers to help-seeking noted in this group. High rates of mental health problems have also been reported in children and adults on the autism spectrum. Taken together, young autistic people may be a particularly vulnerable group when it comes to mental health. Yet, there has been remarkably little work on the mental health needs and experiences of young autistic adults (16–25 years). Adopting a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach – in which academic researchers and young autistic adults collaborated in an equitable research partnership – we explored young autistic people’s experiences of mental health problems and their perspectives on the support they sought, if any, for these problems. A total of 130 young autistic adults took part in the research: 109 completed an online survey and 21 took part in detailed interviews. The results highlight how young autistic people find it difficult to evaluate their mental health, experience high levels of stigma and often face severe obstacles when trying to access mental health support. The findings also demonstrate how listening to – and learning from – young autistic people is crucial in ensuring that their mental health needs are met.
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Wulandari, Agathista Eka. "Parenting pada Single Parent (Ibu) yang Memiliki Anak Autis (Studi Kasus di Terapi Autis Cahaya Harapan Kelurahan Rejomulyo, Kecamatan Kota Kediri)." Jurnal PG-PAUD Trunojoyo : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini 4, no. 1 (2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/jpgpaud.v4i1.3570.
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The fruit of the heart is the desire of each parent, when have deficiencies in the baby in this stage of development and growth can not be maximized as experienced by children with autism at an early age. So the most important thing is the application of parenting. In this study wanted to see how the application of parenting in the mother who acts as a single parent who has children with autism. The subjects in the study are two subjects of Autism Therapy of Light Hope Rejomulyo Village, District Kedir District. The research method is a qualitative case study approach. The results obtained in this study can be concluded that single parent (mother) applying authoritative parenting with creative ways so that develop the competence of children with autism condition is done by providing formal education, informal, and nonformal to improve the ability of children with children with autism. So in getting the results that autistic children are cared for by using authoritative parenting tends to have socioemosional better than autistic children who cared for using parenting authoritarian, neglectful parenting, and indugent parenting
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Hoy, Keri, Sarah Parsons, and Hanna Kovshoff. "Inclusive school practices supporting the primary to secondary transition for autistic children: pupil, teacher, and parental perspectives." Advances in Autism 4, no. 4 (2018): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aia-05-2018-0016.
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Purpose The primary to secondary school transition can have a significant and long-lasting impact on young people. Autistic children are particularly vulnerable to negative transition experiences; however, there is a lack of research examining effective practices and provision for these pupils. This case study involves a mainstream secondary school in the South of England, which has a dedicated Learning Support base. The purpose of this paper is to collect qualitative data on experiences of the primary to secondary school transition from multiple stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach A photovoice activity followed by a semi-structured interview was conducted with five autistic pupils aged 12–16 years; semi-structured interviews were also carried out with six parents and four teachers. Findings Five key themes emerged from the data in relation to effective practices: inclusion, child-centred approach, familiarisation, visual supports and communication and consistency. Research limitations/implications As a small-scale case study, there are limitations regarding generalisation. However, this research illuminates transition practices that are experienced as effective by autistic children, their families and teachers. Practical implications Practical implications related to each of these themes are highlighted. These implications are important in the context of the mandatory responsibilities of schools in England to include the voices of children and young people with special educational needs in decisions about their education. Originality/value The findings challenge a rights-based approach to inclusion and illustrate the importance of a needs-based approach which appropriately recognises and understands what autism means for children, their families and the teachers who support them.
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Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen, Emily Hotez, Matthew Zajic, et al. "Comparing the writing skills of autistic and nonautistic university students: A collaboration with autistic university students." Autism 24, no. 7 (2020): 1898–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320929453.
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The writing skills of autistic university students have received very little empirical attention. Previous research has suggested that autistic people may struggle with writing, in part, due to challenges with Theory of Mind. However, other research indicates that Theory of Mind difficulties are far from universal in autism, varying across developmental and social contexts. Through a participatory research approach, autistic university students contributed to the current study examining the writing strengths and challenges of autistic ( n = 25) and nonautistic ( n = 25) university students. Autistic participants demonstrated more advanced writing skills, more perfectionistic attitudes about writing, and heightened nonverbal intelligence relative to nonautistic students. Autistic students did not exhibit reduced Theory of Mind skills. Although heightened nonverbal intelligence and being autistic were both initially predictive of writing quality, autism was no longer associated with writing quality after accounting for nonverbal intelligence. Findings suggest that autistic university students may often have enhanced cognitive and writing skills but may face challenges overcoming perfectionism. This research highlights the value of participatory collaborations with autistic students for identifying strengths that can help autistic students succeed in college. Lay abstract We do not know very much about the writing skills of autistic university students. Studies with autistic children and teenagers show that some autistic young people have difficulties writing. Other autistic people are talented writers. In fact, some autistic people would rather write than speak. Good writers often imagine other people’s points of view when writing. Autistic people sometimes have difficulties understanding others’ points of view. Yet, autistic people often work much harder to understand others’ points of view than not-autistic people do. We collaborated with autistic university student researchers to see if autistic university students are better or worse at writing than nonautistic students. Autistic university students in our study were better writers than nonautistic students. Autistic students in our study had higher nonverbal intelligence than nonautistic students. Autistic students also put themselves under more pressure to write perfectly than nonautistic students did. Autistic students did not show any difficulties understanding other minds. This study shows that some autistic university students have stronger writing skills and higher intelligence than nonautistic university students. Yet, autistic students may be too hard on themselves about their writing. Fun activities that help students explore their ideas without pressure (like theater games) may help autistic students be less hard on their writing. Teachers can help autistic students express themselves through writing by encouraging them to write about their interests, by giving them enough time to write, and by letting them write using computers if they want to. This study shows that collaborations with autistic people can help us understand strengths that can help autistic people succeed.
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Lilley, Rozanna, Mikala Sedgwick, and Elizabeth Pellicano. "Inclusion, acceptance, shame and isolation: Attitudes to autism in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia." Autism 24, no. 7 (2020): 1860–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320928830.
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This is the first qualitative study to investigate experiences of, and attitudes towards, autism in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia. Understanding the complexity of these attitudes is crucial because they influence the recognition of autism as well as the ways in which individuals and families are supported. Twelve families with 16 autistic children living in diverse regions of Australia participated in a semi-structured interview. The interviews were thematically analysed using the six-step process outlined by Braun and Clarke. The analysis identified a marked tension in participants’ accounts. On the one hand, participants described negative feelings, including shame associated with atypical behaviour, stigmatisation and the social isolation of families, which potentially point towards under-identification or misdiagnosis. On the other hand, they also described inclusive attitudes, including ‘looking after each other’ and a growing acceptance of autistic differences. This positive model of support for and acceptance of autistic children and their families may well contribute to good outcomes for autistic children and adults in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. More research is needed on cross-cultural and pluralistic understandings of autism, parental perceptions and family experience. Lay Abstract There has been almost no research done about autism in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia. This article is the first detailed report on attitudes to autism in these communities. Understanding attitudes to autism is important because they influence whether or not children are diagnosed, as well as the kinds of support autistic people are getting. Twelve families who lived in different parts of Australia were interviewed. They told us that there is a range of attitudes to autism in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. These include negative ideas such as sometimes feeling shame associated with children’s unusual behaviour, as well as feeling stigmatised and socially isolated. The negative attitudes reported may mean that some children are missing out on an autism diagnosis or being wrongly diagnosed with a different condition in these communities. They also included positive ideas such as the importance of looking after each other and of accepting autistic people and their differences. We can all learn from these positive attitudes. It will be interesting to know in future projects whether these accepting attitudes lead to better outcomes for autistic children and adults in these communities. This research helps us to understand how autism is thought about in different cultures and how attitudes impact diagnosis and support. It will also help people to plan supports that reflect what Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families actually want and need.
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Howard, Philippa L., and Felicity Sedgewick. "‘Anything but the phone!’: Communication mode preferences in the autism community." Autism 25, no. 8 (2021): 2265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211014995.
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The communication skills and styles of autistic people have been the focus of much research, but little work has explored the communication preferences of autistic adults themselves. This study examined how autistic adults prefer to communicate in multiple scenarios. Two hundred and forty-five autistic adults completed a novel questionnaire that required six communication modes to be ranked in order of preference across seven different scenarios. Participants also provided qualitative responses to further explain their rankings, and completed the Autism Quotient, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire. Quantitative data indicated that email ranked highly when accessing services, seeking customer support and communicating about research. When communicating with family, friends, in employment and in education, both face-to-face and written modes (email or text message) were preferred. In the qualitative data, four main themes were identified: Not the Phone, Written Communication, Masking versus Autistic Communication and Avoiding Communication. There is a clear message that mode of communication can be either enabling or disabling for autistic people. A reliance on phone calls can create barriers to access, yet the option to adopt written forms of communication can improve accessibility. For known connections, the preference for face-to-face communication is dependent upon how close and accepting the relationship is. Lay abstract What is already known about the topic? There has been a lot of research into things like how autistic people’s communication styles are different to those of non-autistic people, especially among children. This has tended to focus on parent reports and experiments, rather than asking autistic people about their own experiences and preferences regarding communication. What does this article add? This article is the first to ask autistic adults how they prefer to communicate in different scenarios. We asked whether they preferred to use a range of methods, such email, phone calls, letters and live messaging, in scenarios from education to customer services to friends and family. When contacting unknown people or organisations, we found that generally email was preferred, and phone calls were very unpopular. However, for friends, family and people they felt comfortable with, they preferred both face-to-face and written forms of communication (e.g. email and text message). Implications for practice, research or policy The findings suggest that services should move away from a reliance on phone calls for communication. They should make sure that access to support is not dependent on the phone, and instead offer written options such as email and live messaging which are more accessible. Future research should investigate the impact of COVID-19 on autistic people’s communication preferences, as video calling has become much more commonly used and potentially combines benefits and challenges of other modes discussed in this article.
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Rybchenko, Larysa, and Ihor Ostrovskii. "Peculiarities of inclusive education of ASD children in Ukraine." Journal of Education Culture and Society 6, no. 2 (2020): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20152.229.239.
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Despite the fact that special education in Ukraine is quite extensive and eveloped, education itself and social psychological development remain unavailable for children with ASD. The article aim is to show a model of autistic children inclusion in the educational system of Ukraine taking into account the experience of success. The investigated group consists of 20 children with ASD and 20 children with mental retardation from a boarding school aged from 8 to 9 years. The children indices were investigated according to Binet-Simon Scale for intelligence level determination, method of neuropsychological research according to Alexander Luria for psychophysical development level determination and Childhood Autism Rating Scale for autism level determination. The analysis of inclusive education implementation in the educational system of Ukraine has been conducted. The results of studies have shown that children with ASD have substantially lower indices of speech development, capacity for imitation as well as concentration of attention than children with mental retardation. Conductance of social intervention based of TEACCH therapy elements for group of children with ASD has shown their progress in indices of social interaction, emotional reaction and communication. The results obtained allow us to build a model of inclusion of children with ASD in the educational system of Ukraine. The main components of the model are considered.
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Rahimi Pordanjani, Saeed. "Effectiveness of Drama Therapy on Social Skills of Autistic Children." Practice in Clinical Psychology 9, no. 1 (2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.9.1.344.2.
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Objective: Autism spectrum disorder severely damages children’s social skills, cognitive functions, and emotional self-regulation. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of drama therapy on the social skills of children with high-functioning autism. Methods: The research design was experimental with a pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical population included 120 children with high-functioning autism in special education centers in Isfahan City, Iran. For this purpose, 40 children with high-functioning autism disorder were randomly selected by purposive sampling method and using Morgan’s table. Then, they were assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a drama therapy program, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. The children’s instructors completed the Matson social skills questionnaire at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up three months later. Results: Analysis of the results using repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the drama therapy was effective on the participants’ social skills in the experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Drama therapy will improve their social skills and performance in this field. Therefore, this study’s findings might be helpful as practical strategies for practitioners in the field of autism.
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Siyoto, Sandu. "Visual Schedule towards the Decline of Behavioral Problems in Feeding Activities and Defecation in Children with Autism." Jurnal NERS 10, no. 2 (2015): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v10i22015.250-255.
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Introduction: Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder in children that is characterized by the disruption and delays in cognitive, language, behavior, communication and social interaction. One of the ways for children with autism is the visual schedule. Visual schedule is a learning method in the form of information in a visual form that communicates a series of activities. This study aimed to determine the effects of a visual schedule to decrease problem behaviors when feeding activity and defecation in children with autism in the Foundation Board of Christian Education Wetan Jawi (YBPK) Kediri. Method: Research design was One Group Pre Post Test Design, with a population of 30 respondents, used the purposive sampling technique obtained a sample of 16 respondents. When the reseachon April 16 Until Mei 17, 2014. Results: The results showed obtained Asymp significant p = 0.011 <0.05 with Wilcoxon statistical test, which means that HO was rejected and H1 accepted schedule. It means there were visual effects on reducing behavioral problems in feeding activity and defecation in children with autism in the Foundation Board of Christian Education Wetan Jawi (YBPK) Kediri in 2014. Discussion: The Visual schedules can be applied in the treatment of autistic children who have behavior problems, because these techniques can provide influence on autistic children to be able to decrease behavior problems. Keywords: Visual Schedule, decline in behavior problems, children with autism
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Usop, Dwi Sari, and Lilik Kholisotin. "Pendidikan Islami bagi Penyandang Autisme." Anterior Jurnal 17, no. 1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v17i1.14.
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Education is important for humans, including people with autism. However, there are still many autistic people who have difficulty learning. One of the difficulties experienced is learning about Islam. The purpose of this study: 1). The Importance of Islamic Education for People with Autism in Palangkaraya City, 2). Islamic Education Model for the Autism in the City of Palangkaraya. the type of research used is qualitative research using narrative strategy. The Data collection is done by interview and documentation. Subjects in the study, are 1). Teacher, 2). Parents, 3). The religious figure, 4). Ministry of Religious Affairs of Palangka Raya City. The data analysis techniques used was descriptive analytics. The results obtained in this study emphasize that autistic people are still obliged to study religion, especially Islam. This is evident from the participation of people with autism in Islamic studies in schools. While at home, parents still teach their children about religion. The learning of Islam given is very varied through the process of guidance, equalization of treatment with peers, imitation of peer behavior, and murotal therapy of the Qur'an.
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Han, Emeline, Melisa Mei Jin Tan, Laura Crane, and Helena Legido-Quigley. "A qualitative study of autism services and supports in Singapore: Perspectives of service providers, autistic adults and caregivers." Autism 25, no. 8 (2021): 2279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211016112.
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The lifelong and complex nature of autism necessitates an array of services and supports spanning across different sectors and providers at different life stages of an autistic individual. However, research has shown that autistic individuals and their families often experience barriers accessing the autism-related services and supports that they need. This is the first qualitative study to explore the provision and coordination of autism services and supports in Singapore from the perspectives of service providers, autistic adults and caregivers. Semi-structured interviews with 21 participants revealed three main themes: (1) improving access to autism-specific services, (2) creating flexible supports in an inclusive environment and (3) addressing stigma and changing societal attitudes. Our findings suggest that Singapore may have achieved rapid growth in autism services, but broader social structures may be slower to change. To better support autistic individuals in society, autistic voices need to be amplified and a collective effort is needed to achieve a paradigm shift from impairment to capability. Lay abstract Because autism is a lifelong and complex condition, autistic people may need a range of supports cutting across different sectors (e.g. health, education and social care) at different stages of their lives. Studies in some countries have shown that autistic people and their families face difficulties accessing the services they need, but no research has been done on this topic in Singapore. To start addressing this gap, we interviewed 21 service providers, autistic adults and caregivers/parents of autistic children to find out their perceptions and experiences of autism services and supports in Singapore. Our participants told us that beyond improving access to autism-specific services, they also hoped to see more flexible supports in an inclusive environment and a broader change in societal attitudes. This study highlights that autism service provision should be informed by autistic voices and not only focus on impairment but also recognise the strengths of autistic people alongside their very real needs. The whole of society – including policymakers, professionals, employers, educators, families and autistic people themselves – needs to work together to fight autism stigma and discrimination.
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Alp, Hulusi, and Sinan Akın. "The Effect of Adapted Basketball Exercises on the Development of Non-Oral Communication Skills of Autistic Children." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 10 (2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i10.4435.
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adapted basketball exercises on the development of nonverbal communication skills of autistic children. Among the single-subject research models, multiple-polling inter-polling behavior was used. The population of the study consists of children with mild autism spectrum disorder in the special education center in which autistic children are educated in Isparta. The sample of the study was determined by using simple random sampling method for two (2) mildly autistic children of ten (10) years. Written consent was obtained from the parents for the selected children to participate in the study. The aim of the study is to teach selected children the skills of non-verbal communication, to the other person, to shake hands and to shake hands with the other person. The study lasted a total of seventeen (17) weeks, one week of observation and sixteen weeks of application. The same program was applied to both children during the study. The content of the program consists of teaching basic technical skills specific to basketball. These skills include ball holding, right and left hand bouncing, right and left hand dribbling, chest pass, bounce pass, overhead pass and smash techniques. The skills were adapted to the readiness levels of both children. In order to record the data, video camera, entry level data recording form and teaching process data recording forms were used. The data obtained at the end of the application were analyzed by showing on the graph. Since the number of participants was two (2), the data obtained during the seventeen (17) week period were converted to point points in accordance with the scale protocol and converted to line graphs to reveal the change. When the findings of the study were evaluated, it was seen that there were positive changes in the development of non-verbal communication skills of autistic children who extended their hands, squeezed their hands and shook hands with the other person.
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Mickevičienė, Elena, Liuda Šinkariova, and Aidas Perminas. "VAIKŲ, TURINČIŲ AUTIZMO SINDROMĄ, TĖVŲ IR MOTINŲ DEPRESYVUMAS." Psichologija 39 (January 1, 2009): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2009.0.2597.
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Straipsnyje pateikiami abiejų tėvų, kurie augina vaiką, turintį autizmo sindromą, ir kontrolinės grupės tėvų, auginančių normalios raidos vaiką, depresyvumo ypatumai. Analizuodami depresyvumą, kalbame apie tam tikrą ikiklinikinių nuotaikos būsenų intensyvumą, pasireiškiantį liūdesiu, pesimizmu ir aktyvumo sumažėjimu.Tyrimo tikslas – palyginti tėvų ir motinų, auginančių vaikus, kuriems diagnozuotas autizmas, depresyvumo raiškos skirtumus atsižvelgiant į socialinius demografinius veiksnius. Tyrime dalyvavo motinos ir tėvai, auginantys vaikus, turinčius autizmo sindromą. Kontrolinė grupė atrinkta atitinkamai pagal autizmo sindromą turinčio vaiko ir jo tėvų lytį bei amžių – tai motinos ir tėvai, auginantys normalios raidos vaikus. Tyrime depresyvumo lygiui įvertinti buvo naudojama Zungo depresijos (Zung-SRD) skalė. Papildomai buvo pateikiami klausimai apie socialinius demografinius veiksnius: tiriamojo amžių, išsilavinimą, užimtumą, šeimos sudėtį bei vaiko, kuriam diagnozuotas autizmas, amžių, lytį, užimtumą, autizmo sutrikimo sunkumo laipsnį.Buvo nustatyta, kad šeimoje, auginančioje vaiką, kuriam būdingas autizmo sindromas, motinų ir tėvų depresyvumas pasireiškia vienodai. Tėvų ir motinų, auginančių autizmo sindromą turintį vaiką, depresyvumas yra didesnis nei normalios raidos vaiko tėvų ir motinų. Abiejų tėvų, auginančių vaiką, kuriam būdingas autizmo sindromas, depresyvumas nėra susijęs su amžiumi ir išsilavinimu. Autizmo sindromą turinčio vaiko amžius skirtingai siejasi su abiejų tėvų depresyvumo lygiu: tėvų depresyvumas didesnis, kai autizmo sindromą turintis vaikas yra 8–11 metų, o motinų depresyvumas didesnis šį sutrikimą turinčio vaiko paauglystės laikotarpiu (12–18 m.).Pagrindiniai žodžiai: vaikai, turintys autizmo sindromą, tėvas, motina, depresyvumas.Depression in fathers and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorderElena Mickevičienė, Liuda Šinkariova, Aidas Perminas SummaryParenting a child with autism spectrum disorder is stressful for many reasons: difficulty with diagnosis, lack of information about autism and its treatment, deficit of social support, etc. It is impossible to review all the problems experienced by parents, so our study focused on depression in both parents of an autistic child.The purpose of this work was to compare depression in fathers and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and to compare our findings with results of the control group, i.e. parents of a normally developing child. Depression in our study indicates the intensity of the preclinical state of mind, manifested by sadness, pessimism and a decrease of activity.120 persons participated in the study, 72 (60%) of them being mothers and 48 (40%) fathers of autistic children raging from 3 to 18 years of age. Control group consisted of 69 mothers (57.5%) and 51 fathers (42.5%) of normally developing children of the same age, selected in accordance with the gender and age of autistic children as well as the gender and age of their parents. The age of the participants ranged from 25 to 60 years (mean 39, SD 6.55).For evaluation of depression, we employed Cung’s depression scale. Additional questions on social-demographic factors were also included: age, education and employment status of participants; family composition; age and gender of child with diagnosed autism and occupation.The results showed that depression in mothers and fathers with autistic children did not differ. Both parents of an autistic child had a higher depression than both parents of normally developing children (p = 0,001). The age and education of parents with autistic children did not correlate with depression. The age of the autistic child correlated with depression of both parents differently: when an autistic child was 3–7 years old, depression in fathers and mothers did not differ; when an autistic child was 8–11 years old, depression in fathers was higher than in mothers; during adolescence of an autistic child, the difference of depression persised, but its direction was opposite, mothers showing a higher depression than fathers.There are several limitations to this study. We should note that the sample does not represent the population of families with autistic children. Also, Cung’s depression scale might not be the best scale to evaluate depression in these families. Another limitation is that we did not consider all circumstances, such as marital status, gender of children, occupation of parents and children, individual characteristics, social support and the degree of severity of autism. Findings of this study require further researche. However, the results indicate that parents of an autistic child need special understanding and support.Keywords: autistic child, mother, father, depression.
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Sabaruddin, Sabaruddin, Rosnidar Mansor, Irfan Rusmar, and Fadila Husna. "Student with special needs and mathematics learning: A case study of an autistic student." JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education) 5, no. 3 (2020): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v5i3.11192.
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The provision of mathematics for autistic students has not gained a special concern. In fact, many autistic children have good mathematical skills and some are even excellent. It imposes teachers to formulate and create effective strategies to teach autistic students. The purpose of this study was to determine teacher behavior and how to teach students with autism effectively. This study was designed as a qualitative case study research. It involved mathematics teacher, assistant teacher, student, and parents. Data were obtained through observations and interviews. The autistic student's attitude and behaviors during mathematics learning were investigated. It included examinations on the supporting and inhibiting factors in mathematics learning in a school for students with special educational needs/SLB. The result indicated that mathematics learning for students with autism as performed in inclusive education was different from regular education programs, in which teachers were required to adjust materials with students' psychological condition. It also revealed that the students had had focus issues; hence materials were mostly conveyed outside the lesson plan, particularly to introduce the basic material. The supporting factors included parents' motivation for the student to learn and behave appropriately and well-designed learning packages. Meanwhile, limited learning media and school facilities, as well as the absence of special teachers for students with autism, became the inhibiting factors for mathematics learning.
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Коломоєць, Таміла, and Дар’я Кассім. "Using the Augmented Reality to Teach of Global Reading of Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Педагогіка вищої та середньої школи 51 (December 13, 2018): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/pedag.v51i0.3678.
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Kolomoiets N.H., Kassim D.A. Using the Augmented Reality to Teach of Global Reading of Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
 Over the last decade a significant increasing of the number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the world is marked. Ukraine is no exception. High rates of disease ASD require finding the new ways of correcting these groups of children. The aim of the research: to substantiate feasibility of using of the augmented reality’s technologies to teach of global reading in a special education of autistic children. In the course of the study an experiment, descriptive and comparative analysis methods, generalization, logical research method were used. Results of the research: it is shown that, it is expedient to use technologies of the augmented reality in the educational and correctional process of children with ASD to teach them of global reading. Using the augmented reality reveals a number of new opportunities, the promising of which is an interaction with the artificial world through mobile devices, which are more accessible and predictable for the special development of autistic children. At the initial stage of teaching of global reading, the instrument of augmented reality is used in a set of successive task groups. The first of these is aimed at the development of visual perception, the formation of the ability to analyze, isolate and generalize, navigate in space. The second and third set of tasks included the teaching of children to understand the meaning of words, the correlation of words with images presented on the screen of gadgets. At the final stage, namely, teaching of global reading, the technology of augmented reality has opened unlimited possibilities for using of various text materials and virtual images to them. Conclusions: a) an analysis of experimental work with preschoolers with ASD suggests that the use of augmented reality in teaching of global reading of children helps to increase the efficiency of the educational and correctional process; b) the technology of the augmented reality has allowed rising to a qualitatively new level of mastering of global reading by autistic children; c) prospects for further experimental research will be the implementation of the proposed methodology and obtaining its effectiveness and efficiency in practice.
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Oliveira, Stephan Malta, Luísa Azevedo Damasceno, Nathalie Emmanuelle Hofmann, Letícia Azevedo Damasceno, Cecília Albuquerque reynaud Schaefer, and Alba cristina Martins Da silveira. "música, autismo e diferenças: a representação como violência em levinas e deleuze." childhood & philosophy 17 (February 28, 2021): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2021.56160.
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The aim of this article is to investigate and discuss the notions of difference and representation in Emmanuel Levinas and Gilles Deleuze, articulating such notions through the example of a university extension project involving the formation of a musical ensemble composed of autistic children. Our research involved a review of four major philosophical works—Emmanuel Levinas’ Totality and Infinity; Among Us: Essays On Alterity; and “The Concept Of Difference In Bergson”; and Gilles Deleuze’s Difference and Repetition--in addition to secondary references. The main articulations of the investigation carried out in the project consist of aspects such as: taking responsibility for the autistic child through cultivating asymmetrical relationships, a process that takes place through sensibility, below any representation; and not totalizing the alterity involved while maintaining, at the same time, its radical difference. In addition, there is an emphasis in the work on the difference of each child, beyond his or her diagnostic identity, understanding that all participants are undergoing unique processes of differentiation, and that some differences are not more privileged than others, in that that such hierarchies are determined by power relations. Another contribution of this research is the emphasis on the intensive affective flows of children, and the construction of relationships of mutual affection, which increases the circulation of vital energy in each one. Finally, the results of the project are offered as guidelines for clinical practice, and for the cultivation of a politics of difference, as an alternative to hegemonic practices in autism studies in contemporary times.
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Matthews, Nicole L., Kyla Christenson, Sarah Kiefer, and Christopher J. Smith. "A mixed-methods examination of the gap between intelligence and adaptive functioning in autistic young adults without intellectual disability." Autism 25, no. 8 (2021): 2317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211018334.
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This study examined adaptive functioning, strategies used to develop adaptive functioning skills, and areas where additional services could benefit autistic young adults without intellectual disability. Participants were 21 autistic young adults and at least one parent of each young adult. Quantitative analyses replicated previous reports of an adaptive functioning disadvantage relative to intellectual functioning such that adaptive functioning standard scores were significantly lower than intelligence quotient scores. Qualitative analysis utilized grounded theory methodology and yielded a conceptual model describing the nature and development of adaptive functioning in this demographic. Together, findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the gap between intellectual and adaptive functioning in autistic young adults without intellectual disability. Lay abstract Adaptive functioning describes the age-appropriate skills necessary for independent living. Research suggests that autistic children, adolescents, and adults who do not have an intellectual disability demonstrate adaptive functioning challenges relative to their intellectual ability. Thus, even though many of these individuals have the intellectual capacity to excel in mainstream educational and vocational settings, their adaptive functioning challenges may serve as an obstacle to independence. The research on adaptive functioning in autistic adults is focused on statistical analysis of standardized assessments (e.g. parent-report on multiple choice questionnaires). Qualitative research that examines the narratives of young adults and their parents is needed to better understand adaptive functioning in young adults and their resulting service needs. This study combined statistical analysis of standardized assessments with qualitative analysis of interview responses from autistic young adults without intellectual disability and their parents. Findings replicated previous reports of adaptive functioning challenges and identified influences on adaptive functioning development, consequences of independence, and service needs. Taken together, findings indicate the need for interventions and services that facilitate adaptive functioning development in autistic adolescents and young adults and provide insight into potential intervention targets and strategies.
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Khaustov, A. V., N. G. Manelis, S. N. Pancyr, N. A. Mamontova, and N. N. Volgina. "Comparative analysis of diagnostic tools that are used in educational facilities of Moscow city during the work with children with autism spectrum disorder." Autism and Developmental Disorders 13, no. 2 (2015): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2015130202.
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Currently one of the thorniest question of Russian education and psychology is the problem of diagnostics and functional assessment of skills in children with autism spectrum disorders since existing methods usually access one specific area of development or small set of skills. Urgency of this issue is explained by necessity of development for each of these children individual educational and treatment plan aimed at their socialization, raising their social adaptation, development and efficient education. Development of such plans is complicated due to lack of the unified approach to the issues of education and treatment of children with autism and may be based only on accurate data about developmental level of each child, that can be determined only through the use of special assessment tools. In the results of the research the diagnostics procedures that are used in the educational facilities of Moscow in order to develop individual educational plan for children with autistic spectrum disorders were determined and described, the comparative analysis of these diagnostics tools was accomplished, the areas of used of each method was determined. Methodical recommendations were completed within the framework of the research work of the professionals of the Center for Psychological, Medical and Social Support to Children and Adolescents of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education.
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Rahmawati, Reni, Anis Husni Firdaus, and Selamet Selamet. "Implementasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Anak Autis di Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Ciamis." Bestari | Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Islam 17, no. 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36667/bestari.v17i1.469.
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This study aims to describe the learning outcomes of Islamic Religious Education for children with autism at the Ciamis Special School, namely as follows: 1) to determine the planning of Islamic Religious Education learning for children with autism in Ciamis State Special School; 2) to determine the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning for children with autism in Ciamis State Special School; 3) to find out the evaluation of Islamic Religious Education learning for children with autism in Ciamis State Special School. This research uses a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive method. Collecting data using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. This research was conducted from March to May. The data sources were students with autistic special needs at the Ciamis Special School, while for complementary data the researchers conducted interviews and documentation studies. Then after the data is collected, it is followed by data reduction, presenting data, verifying data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that: (1) Learning planning includes all aspects that support the implementation of the learning process. The learning process of PAI for children with autism in the Ciamis Special School School follows the 2013 curriculum with teacher modifications. The material presented is emphasized on practical material using various methods according to the needs of students. The learning process is guided by the educational components, namely: goals, educators, students, curriculum, materials, methods and evaluation, because all these components serve as benchmarks for adjusting the child's abilities, so that the desired learning objectives can be achieved. At the learning planning stage the teacher also prepares learning tools, namely the syllabus and lesson plans; (2) The implementation of Islamic Education learning for children with autism emphasizes character / moral education, various learning methods are used, tailored to the needs of students. The implementation of Islamic Education learning includes preliminary or apperception activities, core activities, and closing activities. The time allocation for the implementation is 2 hours of lessons (2x35 minutes) and is held every Thursday from 07.30 to 08.40 WIB; (3) The evaluation carried out at Ciamis State Special School is carried out in three activities namely case evaluation, semester program evaluation and follow-up. The PAI learning results show that autistic children experience development / progress in carrying out religious rituals, as well as in living behavior as demands of their religion. This is shown like ablution, prayer, daily prayers and so on. Assessment standards and minimum completeness criteria (KKM) scores are set by the school
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Palser, E. R., A. Fotopoulou, E. Pellicano, and J. M. Kilner. "Dissociation in How Core Autism Features Relate to Interoceptive Dimensions: Evidence from Cardiac Awareness in Children." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 50, no. 2 (2019): 572–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04279-4.
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Abstract Interoception in autism is receiving increasing research attention. Previously, differences were identified in autism on both objective and subjective measures of interoception, and an association with anxiety. Yet, it is currently unknown how interoception relates to core autism features. Here, in 49 autistic children, we consider how interoceptive accuracy (measured with heartbeat detection tasks) and sensibility (subjective judgements of awareness) relate to overall severity on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, and symptom domains of social-affective and repetitive, restricted behaviors. Socio-affective features were related to interoceptive sensibility, while repetitive restricted behaviors were related to interoceptive accuracy. This dissociation suggests disparate interoceptive mechanisms for the formation and/or maintenance of autistic features.
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Priyadharshini, S., and K. Sivaranjani. "Investigating and Statistical Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Survey." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 7 (2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i7.89.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the third most usually found developing disorder and occurs across cultures and socio-economic strata. Autism Spectrum Disorders profoundly affects an individual’s capacities for learning language, social interaction and imaginative faculties. It is well documented that the majority of persons with autism spectrum disorder do not receive a basic education. The biggest problem of autistic children is they do not aggressively search for information or strengthening from the social environment to the same extent as others. There are many testes focused attention on autistic children and discovery difference in the responses of children with and without autism spectrum disorder in this research makes it an ideal test case for a computational model of autism. It aims to analyze the autism spectrum disorder affected child and identify the activities to be carried out for those children were mentioned through this work. There is an insistent need to create and empower a unit of explained, trained employees to address the instructive needs of persons with the implementation of Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) disability particularly complex, little unwritten ones like Autism spectrum disorder were analyzed better and the performance of the proposed system provides more efficiency.