Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autoassemblage à basse température'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Autoassemblage à basse température.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Wiegart, Lutz. "Autoassemblage de monocouches organiques à faible température." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164719.
Full textWiegart, Lutz. "Autoassemblage de monocouches organiques à faible température." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10111.
Full textAt ambient temperature monolayer phases of most alkane chain molecules exhibit phases, characterised by the rotation of the chain around the molecular axis. Consequently, these phases are only weakly ordered rather than crystalline. In order to achieve crystalline ordering, the energy of the system needs to be reduced. New cryo-protective liquid subphases extend the accessible range to much lower temperatures than the freezing threshold of water. Monolayers of common surfactants like fatty acids and phospholipids were prepared under constant volume/constant surface pressure conditions and their phase behaviour was studied upon cooling. First insights into film stability and evolution upon cooling were achieved by Langmuir isotherms and GIXOS, while the in-plane ordering was investigated by GIXD. The molecules were found to adapt crystalline phases by a purely entropy driven self-assembly process, reaching packing densities similar to three dimensional single crystals. The evolution of the structure parameters compare to those of bulk alkanes undergoing the rotator-crystalline phase transition. XPCS was employed to relate the surface dynamics of the system to the appearance of crystalline phases. The phase transition was found to be accompanied by a change of the dynamics from propagating to overdamped capillary waves
Lavrskyi, Mykola. "Modélisation en fonctionnelle de la densité atomique des transformations de phases dans le système Fe-C à basse température." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR003/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the formation of martensite in Fe-Ni-C steels and the diffusion of carbonatoms in this phase at low temperatures. To achieve this goal the atomistic modeling have beenused. To describe these phenomena two different approaches were developed: a discretemodel based on the Atomic Density Function (ADF) theory and the quasiparticle approachesbased on the Atomic Fraton Theory (AFT). First, the AFT was tested to model a self-assemblykinetics of initially disordered systems to three different classes of ordered one: singlecomponent crystals with fcc and diamond structures, two component crystals with zinc-blendstructure, and polymers with single-strand and double-stranded helixes structures. Then thisapproach was applied to model austenite/martensite transformation. It was shown thatmartensite nucleus grows as multivariant aggregate in austenite matrix. Using pole figures andsimulated diffraction patterns these variants were identified and compared with the experimentaldata. The carbon diffusion in martensite phase was studied using ADF theory. Two systemswith the different elastic properties corresponding to the Fe-C and Fe-Ni-C systems wereconsidered. It was shown that during a first stage of aging the carbon atoms undergo a spinodaldecomposition on the octahedral interstices of bcc lattice and form the carbon-rich zones. Then"tweed-like" morphology of carbon-rich zones is developed. The simulations results are a goodagreement with experimental images obtained by atom probe tomography. The relationbetween Zener ordering and the concentration of carbon reach zones is discussed
Donazzon, Benoit. "Céramiques apatitiques basse température : élaboration -propriétés." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT009C.
Full textBon, Jérôme. "Etude des propriétés acoustiques basse fréquence des aérogels de silice à basse température." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10056.
Full textSerrano, Léonard. "Systèmes époxyde : cuisson hors autoclave et basse température." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30007/document.
Full textThe main issues concerning composite part manufacturing (cost, manufacturing time, mechanical performances, etc.) are closely linked to the means of curing, mainly autoclaves; which do not only generate very high installation and maintenance costs, but also limit production rates because of the length of the cycles. In order to reduce this dependence, non-autoclave manufacturing processes have been envisaged (Quickstep, Roctool, VARTM, VBO ...) therefore leading to modifications in the design of the materials intended for these processes (including kinetics, rheology, fiber impregnation methods). In order to limit the changes in terms of manufacturing process, raw materials, environment products and implementation conditions, this study is based on the Vacuum Bag Only process. Several semi-product developments in recent years have made it possible to increase the robustness of this manufacturing process, thereby overcoming the lack of external pressure during an oven cure. However, the viability of these products in relation to their implementation still needs to be demonstrated, as well as the understanding of the air removal mechanisms and the estimation of the achievable mechanical properties compared to their autoclave counterpart
Lin, Xiwei. "Hydrures métalliques crées par implantation à basse température." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112149.
Full textHérisson, de Beauvoir Thomas. "Cristallochimie prospective : relaxeurs, ferroïques et SPS basse température." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0678.
Full textThe present work focuses on the prospection and understanding study of ferroic materials. It consists in a multiple aspect approach, including materials chemistry, materials physics and materials processing. Two parts compose this work, with two different approaches. The first one focuses on the links between composition, structure and properties in materials belonging to the TTB family, more specifically derived from Ba2NdFeNb4O15, through the exploration of Li containing solid solutions, and the impact of synthesis parameters on measured dielectric anomalies on dense samples. The observation of structural modulation in these materials seems to be closely related to the observation of dielectric anomalies variations. Using electron diffraction techniques allowed the evidence of such anomalies and the following of their thermal evolution. In a second part, the approach consists in using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) as a densification technique for so called “fragile” materials but also explore dielectric properties impossible to experimentally measure thus far. Developing low temperature SPS technique not only allows to densify ceramics at low temperatures fragile materials, but also to obtain inaccessible phases in similar temperature conditions using conventional thermal treatments. Moreover, sintering of molecular ceramic at very high density was possible, even if its decomposition temperature is extremely low (100 ˚C)
Veauvy, Cécile. "Imagerie magnétique par micro-SQUID à basse température." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10011.
Full textGarcia, Roge Vololoniaina. "Nitruration superficielle de SiO2 à basse température activée par des électrons de basse énergie." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22097.
Full textLemettre, Sylvain. "Encapsulation sous vide de micro-bolomètres à basse température." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS524.
Full textSome kinds of MEMS like micro-bolometers require vacuum to operate optimally. This IR sensor is the cornerstone for uncooled infrared detection. Its best sensing capacity is achieved by thermal insulation, which is realized by placing it under vacuum (< 10-2 mbar). The vacuum is maintained throughout the camera lifetime thanks to a microvolume packaging (0.5 to 30 µL).The MEMS vacuum packaging implies the combination of two complementary technical solutions: first hermetic sealing, then getter device integration absorbing internal gas. The sealing technique retained (which enables leak rate <10-14 atm.cm3.s-1) is the metallic bonding. The getter is a thin transition metal film. When activated by an annealing, its surface traps gaseous molecules. The sorption process of the getter is ideally activated during the sealing process of the bonding.The typical temperature packaging process for micro-bolometers is 300°C. It is expected that sensibility of new types of micro-bolometers materials will be degraded if they are exposed to temperatures higher than 280°C. Consequently, their encapsulation require the elaboration of a new low temperature packaging technology.Such a technology has been developed based on experimental studies in laboratory and tests under industrial conditions
Naert, Antoine. "Turbulence dans un jet d'hélium gazeux à basse température." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10009.
Full textLaurent, Justine. "Mesures de la force de Casimir à basse température." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576595.
Full textLaurent, Justine. "Mesures de la force de Casimir à basse température." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY070.
Full textThe Casimir force, named after the Dutch physicist who predicted in 1948 the existence of this attractive force in an ideal conguration of two perfectly conducting and parallel plates, is due to quantum-mechanical effects. It results from electromagnetic fluctuations of vacuum and cannot be neglected anymore in the performance of the nano-mechanical systems (NEMS), which are currently developed and could also revolutionize the microelectronics industry. However, the study of the corrections brought by the surface conductivity or by the dielectric stacks has just started. This thesis work presents the achievement of a new instrument dedicated to the measurement of the Casimir force between two surfaces at the micron scale. We have adapted the technique performed during the G. Jourdan's PhD thesis to a cryogenic environment in order to reach the sensitivity needed to investigate complex surfaces. The viscous damping of the force probe (AFM cantilever) due to the environmental fluid confined between the sphere glued at the tip of the AFM cantilever and a sample has been analysed. Measurements at 4K have revealed an opto-mechanical effect induced by laser noise. Finally, our first tests between two low rough gold surfaces have showed the presence of a parasite force. We have found out the origin of this force and succeeded to remove it. The first measurement of the Casimir force between a gold sphere and a silicon sample has been performed
Pellerin, Stéphane. "Plasmas basse-température en physique atomique et moléculaire. Applications technologiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458801.
Full textMoussy, Norbert. "Supraconducteurs mésoscopiques étudiés par microscopie tunnel à très basse température." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111222.
Full textterme de mesure tunnel. Nous avons ainsi identifié les limites et les potentialités de cette méthode de mesure. Différentes évolutions spatiales de la LDOS sont observées suivant la géométrie des structures métalliques et la qualité de l'interface. Ces évolutions sont en bon accord avec les équations d'Usadel qui décrivent les comportements électroniques en présence de supraconductivité dans les métaux diffusifs. Ce sont les premières mesures STM à très basse température sur des échantillons lithographiés.
Guertin, Léon. "Le sechage des balles de foin denses à basse température /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60522.
Full textBonfanti, Silvia. "Etude théorique et numérique des verres structuraux à basse température." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT281.
Full textAt low temperature, i.e. in the 1K regime, glasses show properties that are remarkably different from those of the corresponding crystalline counterparts, e.g., the heat capacity depends approximately linearly and the thermal conductivity almost quadratically on temperature (in crystals one finds a cubic dependence for both properties).Many of these observations can be rationalized by the so-called “Standard Tunneling Model” (STM) whose basic assumption is the existence of local double-well potentials, or two level systems, in the potential energy landscape, where localized excitations (a particle or rather a cluster of particles) undergo quantum tunneling through the barrier. In recent times the tunneling systems (TSs) have attracted considerable attention for the fabrication of coherent qubits for quantum computers involving amorphous superconducting Josephson junctions.However, despite the success of the STM, many features of the model are still unclear in that, e.g., the microscopic nature of the TSs remains unknown. In addition, unexpected magnetic effects have been discovered in non-magnetic multi-component glasses, like e.g. the non-monotonous changes of the dielectric constant and the specific heat in the presence of weak magnetic fields.A possible explanation of these observations is the so-called “Extended Tunneling Model” (ETM) in which one assumes the presence of better ordered regions, hosting TSs in the interstices, that have to be described by three-well potentials (TWPs), in the intermediate range structure of glasses; as a result the effective tunneling particles can couple to the magnetic field via the Aharonov-Bohm effect.This work consists of two parts: In the first one we carry out analytical calculations to generalize the ETM model to the case of a four-well tetrahedral trapping potential in a magnetic field. Our calculations show that in fact the TWP can be considered as the simplest working model to describe real glasses. We also derive the contribution to the magnetization from the TWPs of our model, and obtain fits that are in good agreement with the experimental data. We show that only taking into account such tunneling geometry we get a good agreement between the impurity concentrations extracted from the magnetization and those extracted from low-temperature heat capacity measurements. This is thus evidence for the presence of structural inhomogeneities in glasses at low temperature.The goal of the second part is to elucidate the nature of the TSs via computer simulations. For this we first develop new algorithms to study the geometry of the minima and barriers of a simple two-dimensional model of a potential energy surface. This study is the starting point for a novel method, the so-called “Effective Isopotential Method”, that we introduce to perform a local and systematic analysis of the energy landscape close to the bottom of the local minimum.We apply this method to a test case, a Lennard-Jones FCC crystal, and then to a binary mixture Lennard-Jones glass at low temperature. We find that the geometric shape of the IS at low temperature is not smooth but is characterized by internal valleys, i.e. points of the configuration space where the potential energy is lower than the immediate neighborhood. In the case of the crystal we observe the presence of six symmetric valleys associated with a given particle, while in the glass case we find that most of the particles show only two valleys. Amongst them we find the geometries with the right semi-quantitative features (in agreement with the phenomenological models) to be considered as TSs, so that we finally know how they look like in reality
Reveron, Pojan Helen. "Colloi͏̈des de zircone cériée : synthèse et frittage à basse température." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0027.
Full textJacques, Emmanuel. "Microsystème et capteur intégrés en technologie couches minces basse température." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S067.
Full textThis study deals with the achievement of a microsystem integrating a Hall effect sensor and its processing electronic at low temperature (<600°C) on a glass substrate. The first step of this work consisted in designing the processing electronic. First, a semi-empirical model of thin films technology at low temperature has been developed to predict the frequency behaviour of polycrystalline silicon TFTs. In a second step, simulations allowed us to design several differential amplifiers and estimate their frequency behaviour. Finally, the first achievements and characterizations of these differential amplifiers have been done. The first results allow us to validate the model developed and the feasibility of fabricating complex electronic devices with thin films technology at low temperature. The last step consisted in achieving and characterizing the complete chip on the same glass substrate
Mekki, Soufiane. "Speciation de l’europium trivalent dans un liquide ionique basse température." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112353.
Full textSince the nuclear industry is playing an important role in the power production field, a relevant number of problems have been revealed. Indeed, high-level radioactive long-lived nuclear wastes present a real difficulty for nuclear wastes management. Mino actinides, which compose of these wastes, will be radioactive for several thousands of years. For eventual disposal deep underground, their reprocessing needs to be optimized. The extraction process used industrially to separate actinides and lanthanides from metal species characterizing the spent nuclear fuel produce, nevertheless, enormous quantities of contaminated liquid wastes directly issued from the liquid/liquid extraction step. During the last decade, some room-temperature ionic liquid have been studied and integrated into process. The interest on this class of solvent came out from their “green” properties (non volatile, non flammable, recyclable, etc…), but also from the variability of their physico-chemical properties (stability, hydrophobicity, viscosity) as a function of the RTIL chemical composition. Indeed, it has been shown that classical chemical industrial process could be transferred into those media, even more improved, while a certain number of difficulies arising from using traditional solvent can be avoided. In this respect, it could promising to investigate the ability to use room-temperature ionic liquid into the spent special nuclear fuel reprocessing field. The aim of this thesis is to test the ability of the specific ionic liquid bumim Tf₂N to allow trivalent europium extraction. The choice of this metal is based on the chemical analogy with trivalent minor actinides Curium and Americium which are contributing the greatest part of the long-lived high-level radioactive wastes. Handling these elements needs to be very cautious for the safety and radioprotection aspect. Moreover, europium is a very sensitive luminescent probe to its environment even at the microscopic scale. The manuscript is structured with four parts. In a first chapter, we present the main physico-chemical properties of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid family, and then we choose the ionic liquid bumim Tf₂N for the whole thesis and start with the electrochemical study. In the second chapter, we present the study of europium solvation in the ionic liquid media. In the third part, we expose the results concerning TTA solvation ans its complexation with europium in bumim Tf₂N under different conditions. Finally in the last chapter, we present the results obtained for the europium extraction in a three-stage extraction system : water/ bumim Tf₂N /supercritical CO2. This work highlights the potential use of ionic liquids and particularly bunim Tf₂N in the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. The ability to extract quantitatively a trivalent lanthanide has been demonstrated. This fundamental study can be regarded as a feasibility demonstration to build an ionic liquid-containing extraction system, in the aim of possible large-scale application
Deremble, Bruno. "Dynamique atmosphérique basse fréquence : influence d'un front de température océanique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066277.
Full textIn a first part, we focus on the origin of the atmospheric low-frequency variability. We investigated the problem of defining unambiguously weather regimes. Indeed, while we might have a pretty good idea of the physical states associated with a particular weather regime, the edge of such a regime - and hence the transitions from one regime to another - is very poorly defined. In a quasi-geostrophic (QG), barotropic, highly truncated atmospheric model, we find that the stable manifolds associated with a saddle point are good candidates to be the boundaries between the regimes. In fact, our model is designed to reproduce the topographic instability that contributes to atmospheric LFV. In our model, we find a clear correspondence between the fixed points and the weather regimes. In a second part, we focus on the ocean-atmosphere interaction and its consequences on the atmospheric low-frequency variability. Recent high-resolution observations provide new insights into extratropical ocean atmosphere interactions. Particular attention has been devoted to measure the response of the atmosphere to zones of strong sea surface temperature (SST) grandients. Indeed, the marine atmospheric boundary layer above the ocean's mid-latitude currents (e. G. , the Gulf Stream) is largely influenced by the sharp SST fronts associated with them: these gradients produce significant changes of temperature and humidity fluxes in the lower layers of the atmosphere. In my thesis, I focus on the connection between the strong SST gradients and the atmospheric dynamics and more precisely on atmospheric low-frequency variability. In a first step, we quantify the modifications in the atmospheric dynamics due to the presence of the SST front (position and amplitude of the atmospheric jet; intensity of the storm track intensity). Then, using a simple parametrization of the boundary layer, we decribe the atmospheric dynamics using the equilibrium states of a barotropic coupled model. We use the limit cycle identified in this model to explain the basin-scale atmospheric low-frequency variability
Tételin, Claude. "Oxydation basse température assistée par plasma des alliages silicium-germanium." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-147.pdf.
Full textOusegui, Abdellah. "Traitement haute pression - basse température : étude des phénomènes de transfert." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2089.
Full textMany industries are interested in the High Pressures technology, especially the food industry. High pressure thawing, which makes profitable the decrease of the temperature of the freezing point with the pressure (-22°C at 220 MPa), is one of the most innovative applications. Thawing is then faster than conventional methods and, as it is carried out at low temperature, it avoids microbial contamination. The main objective of this work consists in modelling the high pressure thawing process. The major phenomena considered are the internal transfers with phase change and the natural convection between the surface of the food and the heating medium. We firstly studied the variation of the food properties with the temperature and the pressure. The simulation was carried out at atmospheric pressure in order to validate the model developed using the CFD code CFX5. 5. The analysis of temperature and velocity fields in non stationary regime lead to some observations of the process. The predictions performed on an experimental set-up were in a good agreement with the experimental data. The influence of the pressure, heat of compression and modification of food and medium properties was then taken into account. Simulations were also validated from a thermal point of view on a pilot-scale vessel and the model was then used to study the effect of the pressure on thawing time. Lastly, a parametric study was performed in order to evaluate some modifications and to optimize the process at an industrial scale. The potential benefit of forced convection was clearly demonstrated and the study of the filling rate open the way to further works
Lu, Cao-Minh. "Fabrication de CMOS à basse température pour l'intégration 3D séquentielle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT109/document.
Full textAs the scaling of transistors following Moore’s law seems to slow down due to physical, technological and economical barriers, it becomes mandatory to find alternatives to cope with the increasing demand in electronics: computing and telecommunication, smart and interconnected objects, medical and biological fields… To that end, the use of the third dimension, in opposition to the planar processing of electronical devices, appears to be a promising option. Indeed, 3D integration allows incorporating more devices per area by stacking them at a lower technological and economical cost than scaling. More specifically, 3D sequential or CoolCubeTM at CEA-Leti allows benefiting fully from the third dimension by processing successively one on top of each other each level of a die, allowing an optimal alignment of single transistors at each layer. However, several technological barriers specific to 3D Sequential Integration need then to be alleviated.In this work, we will study the reduction of thermal budget for the transistors fabrication, which is required to not damage bottom levels during the processing of top devices. First, we will define the maximal thermal budget in order not to degrade bottom layers prior to identifying the technological modules impacted during the fabrication of a transistor. We will then see in this work that not only new materials need to be studied, but also new processes and new annealing techniques. Specifically, we will first evaluate the use of low-k dielectrics as gate offset spacers, allowing the improvement of devices dynamic performance. Then we will present different strategies of surface preparation and epitaxial growth at low temperature for the formation of raised sources and drains. Finally, we will study the impact of a low thermal budget process flow along with novel microwaves and laser annealing techniques on the gate stack properties. In particular, we will see that the biggest challenge in a low thermal budget integration is to get a good reliability of transistors. This study leads to a proposed low thermal budget process flow for transistor fabrication compatible with 3D Sequential Integration
Borg-Dezani, Valérie. "Dimérisation du silane sous décharge électrique silencieuse à basse température." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0016.
Full textDubouchet, Thomas. "Spectroscopie locale à basse température dans des systèmes supraconducteurs désordonnés." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576226.
Full textRobbe, Virgile. "Étude semi-classique de quelques équations cinétiques à basse température." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=bdb27811-e172-444e-ad62-881970dd89a6.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in some kinetic equation in which there is a small parameter h which corresponds to the low-temperature regime of the system. More precisely, we provide an analysis of the spectrum near 0 of the operators associated to the models. The technics are quite different depending on the studied equation : from hypocoercivity to semiclassical analysis. We also show the supersymmetric structure of one of the models. The spectral results are translated into semigroup decay rate estimates for the associated operator
Dubouchet, Thomas. "Spectroscopie locale à basse température dans des systèmes supraconducteurs désordonnés." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY036.
Full textThis thesis presents a study combining tunneling spectroscopy, point-contact Andreev spectroscopy and electronic transport on disordered superconducting indium oxide samples. Transport measurements reveal a diverging resistivity from room temperature shortcut by superconductivity at low temperature. This behavior shows that our samples are in the vicinity of the metal-insulator Anderson transition. Tunneling spectroscopy highlights a rather unusual superconducting state with a pseudogap regime above the critical temperature. It evolves at low temperature into an inhomogeneous system composed of both superconducting Cooper pairs and Cooper pairs without phase coherence, localized by the disorder. Comparison between different samples shows that incoherent Cooper pairs proliferate with increasing level of disorder, what indicates that superconductor-insulator transition in indium oxide is governed by the progressive localization of Cooper pairs. Besides, using our STM, we have continuously analyzed the local conductance between tunneling regime and contact regime. Andreev spectroscopy thus reveals a new energy scale related to the superconducting phase coherence and independent from spatial fluctuations of the density of states measured in tunneling regime. This shows that disorder induces a dichotomy between the pairing energy characterizing the binding of electrons into pairs and the coherence energy specific to macroscopic superconductivity
Le, Quang Toai. "Spectroscopie tunnel à très basse température du graphène épitaxié sur SiC." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY004/document.
Full textEpitaxial graphene on carbon-terminated face (C-face) of SiC substrates consists of graphene layers rotated from each other. This rotation of layers grants this material single-layer like properties, such as a linear dispersion band structure and a ballistic transport. As discussed in chapter 2, the full-wafer size and the insulating SiC substrate are two of many advantages of graphene films grown on SiC compared to those prepared differently (exfoliation method and chemical vapour deposition method). These two advantages allow experimentalists to perform scanning tunneling microscopic (STM) experiments and to study graphene properties easily.In this PhD work, we grew graphene on C-face of SiC substrates to investigate the induced superconducting proximity effect in ballistic regime. The physics of this phenomenon is explained in chapter 3 as the formation of time-reversed pairs of electrons and holes. Concerning the superconducting materials, we relied on vanadium and niobium carbide to induce the proximity effect. These two approaches are discussed in detail in chapter 3 (for V) and chapter 4 (for NbC). STM characterizations performed on fabricated samples show a superconducting gap in V and a part of the NbC surface, but no induced gap in graphene. Several possible reasons, like a poor interface between superconductors and graphene, the unability of the STM to reach the true graphene-superconductor interface, and the degradation of the surface of NbC, were suggested and discussed. However, our high-quality epitaxial NbC films meet the requirements for hot-electron bolometers.Besides their single-layer like properties, the rotation of layers also leads to tunable van Hove singularities and the localization of states, which are thoroughly discussed in chapter 5 and 6. Once one of these singularities stays at the Fermi level, graphene is predicted to gain intrinsic superconductivity and magnetic properties. This condition can be achieved by reducing the rotation angle towards zero, as these singularities converge to the Dirac point or the Fermi level for undoped graphene. In addition to the intrinsic superconductivity, the localization of states also appears for layers rotated with a small angle, as observed in several STM experiments. Experimentally, we found regions in rotated layers, which appear as periodic Moiré patterns in our STM images. The rotation angles were estimated from the Fast Fourier Transform of the recorded STM images. Comparing our experimental results with tight-binding calculations for disorder-free layers rotated with the same angles leads to a qualitatively good agreement for the positions of van Hove peaks. However, the appearance of new peaks in proximity to the Dirac point for layers rotated with θ=1.5º and a spatial evolution of of spectroscopic features for the small rotation angles cannot be explained by the calculations for disorder-free layers. In order to explain these two phenomena, we considered the influence of disorder. This indeed improved the agreement between theoretical and experimental results. But, since no electronic disorder could be evidenced from our STM images, other explanations, like strain, need to be considered too
Biadala, Louis. "Propriétés optiques de nanocristaux de CdSe/ZnS individuels à basse température." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654493.
Full textLefèvre, Marc. "Mécanismes de conduction à basse température dans le silicium amorphe hydrogéné." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10001.
Full textFrançois, Thomas. "Formation du plateau iranien : contraintes thermochronologiques basse température et modélisation thermomécanique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066257.
Full textThe orogenic continental plateau result from the interplay, no well constraints, between surface and deep processes. Orogenic plateau develop frequently on upper plate of the subduction zone s. L. , in the case of subduction/collision continental (i. E. Tibetan plateau, Turkish-Iranian plateau) or oceanic subduction (i. E. The Altiplano). The formation and uplift of Iranian Plateau are a key-example but unexplained of high endorheic relief, often compared to Tibetan plateau. The Iranian plateau, average elevation of 1500 m, is located at the rear of the Zagros collision belt, result of collision between stretched Arabian margin and Eurasia following the closure of Neotethys Ocean during Eo-Oligocene (i. E. 35 Ma). A number of recent studies have suggested an implication of a recent (10-5 Ma) slab break-off below Central Iran to explain the formation of the Iranian plateau. By contrast to the other continental plateau, the sedimentary records show that the elevation of the future Iranian plateau is virtually zero at the start of collision and, consequently all plateau topography is developed post-collision. This study presents a coupled analysis between thermochronology and numerical modelling of Iranian plateau formation. This approach allows us to: (1) precise the plateau uplift timing and integrate it into geodynamics of Arabia-Eurasia convergence and (2) highlight the causes of this uplift. The first part of this work brings for the first time, thermochronological constraints on the plateau uplift from (U-Th/He on apatite and Fission Tracks on apatite and zircon). Apatite and zircon single grain cooling age data were collected on plutonic rocks from the internal domains of Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ), Urumieh-Doktar magmatic arc (UDMA), Central Iran and, for comparison, Kopet Dagh. The results suggests a constant uplift of plateau since at least 25-20 Ma. We show since 40 Ma, (i. E. The onset of continental subduction) exhumation is located near the suture zone (i. E. Along the SSZ). Starting from 25 Ma, exhumation shifts from suture zone to Iranian plateau area (Eurasian upper plate). This exhumation migration is interpreted as a migration of deformation accommodation: located on suture zone during the firsts stages of stretched Arabian margin subduction (~40 Ma), it is positioned on the upper plate (~25-20 Ma) after the blockage of continental subduction and the suturing of the plates. Most importantly, we conclude that the uplift of the Iranian plateau was a constant, steady process over the last 20 Ma, at least as a first approximation, as inferred from the combination of constant exhumation in the UDMA and sedimentary records of the central Iranian basin. In the second time, thermomecanical experiments were developed for modelling both the topographic and geodynamic evolution of Iranian plateau. A first preliminary part of this modelling word was to test the quality of monitoring topographic models, through a rheological/topographic of test-areas, the cratons. These models, applied to Iranian case, showed that the slab detachment under the Eurasian lithosphere have no major impact on upper plate topography. Our experiments show that the transition from oceanic subduction to continental subduction very rapidly (< 1Ma) results in significant topography (~3 km) and horizontal shortening located above the subduction interface. The results indicate a significant influence of mantle flow on topography during continental subduction and break-off processes. In fact, after the decrease of the convergence rate in response to the continental subduction and slab break-off, the mantle lithosphere of the overriding plate delaminates from the overlying crust (as suggested by tomographic studies). With local isostatic adjustment, subduction and delamination driven crustal processes plateau-like uplift occurs. Unlike the models proposed for the formation of the Tibetan plateau, the crustal thickening is not necessary in the construction of plateau. The models also showed that the topography uplift, guided by thermal erosion of lithospheric mantle, migrates from the suture zone to the internal parts of the belt (upper plate) as suggested by the thermochronological results. Finally, this coupled approach allowed to specify the timing of Iranian plateau uplift, but also to understand what are the causes can lead to present geological structures. This geodynamic evolution, integrated in Arabia-Eurasia convergence history bring new constraints on the timing of the onset of stretched Arabian margin subduction and on the collision sensu stricto. At a larger scale, these new data can be confronted to (1) the recording of magnetic anomaly 7 (24 Ma) corresponding to a global plate reorganization through the Indian Ocean, (2) the individualization of Arabia from Africa plate (30 Ma), (3) ultra-slow spreading period between 40 and 25 Ma along Carlsberg ridge, (4) the slowdown of African plate at 30 Ma
Addala, Farida. "Etude du comportement rhéologique des bitumes à moyenne et basse température." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0066.
Full textThis study, performed in the framework of a collaboration with the Compagnie française de Raffinage Total France, is part of a general study on the rheological behaviour of bitumen. More specifically, our contribution consists of the development of an experimental apparatus allowing mechanical behaviour study of the bituminous material at low and medium temperature. In a first part we present the state of the art in this domain from experimental as well as theoretical point of view. In the the second part we describe the developed apparatus for torsion-compression tests on hollow cylindrical sample and we analyse the experimental results we have obtain. Finally the third part deals with numerical computations by the finite element method of the tests described in the previous part as well as the penetration tests. Different non-linear viscoelastic models have been used for this purpose after calibration of their parameters according to the experimental results
Legrand, Anne-Claire. "Thermographie multispectrale haute et basse température : application au contrôle non destructif." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS014.
Full textGirod, Clément. "Chaleur spécifique à basse température dans l'état normal des cuprates supraconducteurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY029.
Full textSince their discovery in 1986, cuprate superconductors are still a puzzle, mainly because of their record-breaking superconducting critical temperatures and the complexity of their phase diagram, which still holds its share of mysteries. My thesis is about the study of these materials, upon which I give a literature survey in the first chapter. During my PhD, I studied the specific heat of these materials. This experimental technique is a powerful tool for harvesting electronic properties and is at the same time sensitive to phase transitions, as I explain in the second chapter. The calorimetric setup I used, detailed in the third chapter, was designed to allow for the measurement of specific heat in a high magnetic field environment up to 35 T, for temperatures down to 0.3 K, which allowed me to study the normal state of cuprates down to the lowest temperatures, when superconductivity is quenched by the magnetic field. My PhD work is mainly focused on the study of two regions of the phase diagram of cuprates that are the subject of the fourth and fifth chapters of this thesis. Firstly, in the pseudogap phase, where I looked for thermodynamic signatures of the transition at the doping p* where this phase ends. Secondly, in the charge order phase, aiming to bring elements to better determine the nature of the Fermi surface after reconstruction by this order. In the fourth chapter, I present the results of the study on the transition at p* in compounds Nd-LSCO and Eu-LSCO, that I extended to LSCO, Bi2201 and Tl2201. In these five compounds, we observe an increase in the electronic specific heat when approaching p*, associated with a logarithmic temperature dependence close to p*. These signatures are commonly observed around quantum critical points and bring out new properties of the pseudogap phase. In the fifth chapter, I present my study of the charge order phase of Hg1201, a model system for studying the Fermi surface reconstruction. We observe that the electronic density of states measured by calorimetry is three times larger than the one obtained from quantum oscillations measurements. This leads us to question the hypothesis that the reconstructed Fermi surface of Hg1201 by the charge order would consist in a single electron pocket
Chen, Anne-Sophie. "Propriétés magnétiques nucléaires de l'3He superfluide à ultra-basse température." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10095.
Full textLizardo, Huerta Juan Carlos. "Étude théorique des mécanismes de combustion des alcènes à basse température." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0015/document.
Full textThis work focused on the study of the unimolecular decomposition of the low-temperature reactions of alkenes. The oxidation of these molecules is essential in the understanding of the mechanisms of combustion, because they are initially present in conventional fuels or formed as intermediates in the oxidation process. The theoretical study can be divided in two parts: - The study of the decomposition of hydroxyalkylperoxyl radicals (HOROO•) obtained from the addition of an •OH radical on the alkene, followed by a subsequent addition of the formed radical •ROH on molecular oxygen. This study was conducted in a systematic way on a set of representative radicals of alkenes in order to highlight the influence of the intramolecular environment on the rate constants. The results clearly showed the major influence of parameters such as the presence of a hydroxyl group in β position with respect to the reactive carbon atom, the nature of the carbon atoms bearing the transferred hydrogen, the size of the transition state ring and the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. - The study of the unimolecular decomposition of the allylperoxy radicals obtained from the addition of a resonance-stabilized radical on molecular oxygen. The complexity of these systems, specifically induced by the mesomeric structures of heavy allyl radicals and the role of cis and trans conformations alkenes parents, have been highlighted in this work. It has been shown that the formation of a compound 1-alkenyloxirane is favored at low-temperatures, which shows the importance of these reactions, usually neglected in the kinetic models for the combustion of alkenes
Bahette, Emilie. "Réalisation et caractérisation de CMUT basse température pour applications d'imagerie médicale." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4011.
Full textCMUTs are innovating microsystems for ultrasonic medical imaging. To develop new array architectures, monolithic integration of integrated circuits is required. In this context, microsystems must be achieved using process temperature limited to 400°C. The main objective of this PhD thesis is the development of alternative processes and materials to replace usual ones done at high temperature. We have developed a nickel silicide bottom electrode at 400°C, a metallic sacrificial layer and a silicon nitride membrane deposited at 200°C. The devices, fabricated on silicon substrates, are functional with a high resonance frequency (16.4MHz), a mastered collapse voltage (65V) and an efficient electromechanical coupling coefficient (0.6). Moreover, this low temperature process was successfully applied on other substrates such as glass
Sinito, Chiara. "Propriétés magnéto-optiques de nanocristaux de CdSe individuels à basse température." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0282/document.
Full textThe development of emerging applications of CdSe nanocrystals requires a detailed understanding of the band-edge exciton fine structure and relaxation pathways. This thesis is focused on cryogenic spectroscopy of single nanocrystal with a remarkable photostability. Photoluminescence spectra as a function of temperature and under external magnetic fields provide a spectral fingerprint of the low energy sub-levels, revealing the morphology and the crystal structure of individual nanocrystals. In order to probe the entire band-edge exciton fine structure, a high resolution luminescence excitation technique has been developed. Zeeman and anisotropy-induced splittings are used to reveal the entire 8-state band-edge fine structure, enabling complete comparison with band-edge exciton models. State selective excitation allows the preparation of single quantum states. It is also used to map the hole spin relaxation pathways between the fine structure sub-levels.Charged quantum dots provide an important platform for a range of emerging quantum technologies. Double shell CdSe nanocrystals are engineered to efficiently ionize at cryogenic temperatures, resulting in trion emission with a single sharp zero-phonon line and a near-unity quantum yield. Zeeman splitting of this line enables direct determination of electron and hole g-factors. Spin relaxation is observed in high fields, enabling identification of the trion charge. Importantly, we show that spin flips are completely inhibited for Zeeman splittings below the low-energy bound for confined acoustic phonons. This charac- teristic unique to colloidal quantum dots has potential applications in single spin coherent manipulation
Recanati, Alice. "Thermochronométrie basse température (U-Th-Sm)/He : méthodologie et applications géodynamiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS038/document.
Full textThe first part of the thesis aims at improving the methodology and the models involved in apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology. For this purpose, we studied two geological cases: the Armorican Massif (France) and the Swiss Alps. Our work suggests that apatite helium retentivity is higher than predicted in traditional models. A statistical approach using machine learning algorithms evidences that the apatite chemical composition of grains does not influence helium retentivity. The key parameter is the parent radionuclide and the crystal damage contents. We suggest an experimental procedure in order to characterize damage in apatite at the sub-micrometer scale. In the last part of the thesis, we applied the (U-Th-Sm)/He method to the Algerian Margin. We evidenced a major denudation phase in Petite Kabylie ("Lesser Kabylia") during the Tortonian times. This phase likely corresponds to the initiation of the margin inversion, earlier than previously suggested
Rollin-Martinet, Sabrina. "Développement de nouvelles biocéramiques par consolidation à basse température d'apatites nanocristallines biomimétiques." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768461.
Full textChevallier, Maguelonne. "Bosons à basse température : des intégrales de chemin aux gaz quasi-bidimensionnels." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445117.
Full textChang, Seok Lee. "Croissance de graphène à basse température & sans transfert: processus et mécanismes." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00753190.
Full textLee, Chang Seok. "Croissance de graphène à basse température & sans transfert: processus et mécanismes." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00760085.
Full textOubraham, Abdelkrim. "Mécanismes de conduction à basse température et magnétorésistance négative dans CdAs2 isolant." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10114.
Full textBertho, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de la pyrolyse basse température du charbon de gardanne." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2306.
Full textBouveret, Yves. "Structure des phases modulées incommensurables basse température du conducteur unidimensionnel TTF-TCNQ." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112163.
Full textThis thesis deals with the determination of the structure of the low temperature modulated phases at normal pressure of the organic quasi-one dimens10nal conductors TTF-TCNO and TSF-TCNO. This structural study by X ray diffraction techniques, leads us to express the displacement scheme of the Peierls distortions in lowest temperature modulated phase of TTF-TCNO ("locking phase") in terms of inter and intra molecular displacement modes. We show the prominence of the translation components over the liberation components of the displacements. These results reveal also an important intramolecular deformation of the TCNO molecule. Such a displacive behaviour is explained using considerations of the molecular orbitals related to the charge density wave (CDW) on the two types of chains, and the stacking configuration of the molecules inside the conducting chains. This displacement scheme allows to determine the structure of the CDW in the "locking phase". We show that the first order transition at 38 K which leads to the "locking phase", is associated to a modulation of the ampl1tude and the phase of the CDW on the TTF chains and a modulation of the phase of the cow on the TCNO chains. A simple theoretical model base on the coulombic interactions between the nearest chains, enables to explain the higher stability of the structure of the CDW determined experimentally, with respect to the structure of the previous phase ("Sliding phase"). This model shows that this transition corresponds to a change of the 1nteraction mode between the CDW m the direction of the axes, and yiels phases for each component of the modulation, in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. Finally we propose an interpretation of the "locking mechanism" for the lowest temperature phase at the special value qa = 0. 3a*
Ageron, Jérôme. "Ferrites NiZnCu à basse température de frittage pour composants H-VHF intégrés." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0141.
Full textChaussidon, Julien. "Étude multi échelle de la plasticité du fer-alpha à basse température." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0112.
Full textAn incident inside a nuclear power plant may lead to the cleavage of the nuclear vessel made of bainitic steel. Ln order to understand the origin of this fracture, we studied BCC-iron plasticity at low temperature using numerical simulations at different scales. Molecular Dynamics simulations show the high dependency of screw dislocation motion with temperature and stress. Results from these simulations were added to experiment datas to develop a new Dislocation Dynamics code dedicated to BCC iron at low temperature. The code was used to model plasticity into a ferritic lath for various temperatures. This work confirms that cleavage is favorised by low temperatures