Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autobiography – Poetry'

"Fame" is a series of poems in four parts: A., B., C., and &. The first section explores both the concept of autobiography and adoption. The second section concerns itself with biographical poetry as it explores Boar Girl. The third section aims to rethink the confessional poem, and the final section is a playful engagement with music and literature.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2010.
Advisor: Andrew Epstein, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of English. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on July 16, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 130 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Both Robert Graves and Siegfried Sassoon achieved their first real poetic successes during the Great War. Linked together as fellow officers and friends, and flushed with the promise of greater poetic achievement ahead, both writers perceived the war initially as a vehicle by which they could rid themselves of Victorian influences and produce startling results as realists. But as the war continued and both men began to suffer its effects, they realized that their verses had failed to alert a victory-determined British populace to its jingoistic mentality. By mid 1919, both poets were trying to adjust to civilian status and to re-organize their lives after the upheaval of the war: Graves attempted at first to expiate his memories of the Western Front by moving to the Oxfordshire countryside and by writing sentimental verse, but dissatisfaction with his marriage and an inability to exorcise his neurasthenic nightmares led him to experiment with psychological self-analysis in his poetry. Sassoon's response to the war, in contrast, motivated largely by a homo-erotic attachment to the enlisted men under his command and a conviction of social injustice, turned him briefly to socialism and social satire for a thematic approach to his poetry in the early Twenties. In their joint discontent, Sassoon and Graves searched throughout the mid-Twenties for personal order and artistic direction. Graves delved into Eastern philosophy and biblical exegesis until, with the arrival of Laura Riding, his domestic and creative life was turned around; from Riding, Graves gained the strength to reject the values imposed upon him by his background and his literary peers. Similarly, Sassoon struggled to find a poetic cause commensurate with his talents, but his disillusionment with the modern world caused him to turn inward for inspiration. This introspection led Sassoon to a contemplation of his past, through which he was eventually to find the symmetry and positive cultural values that were lacking in the modern world. Thus, in their individual searches for creative inspiration, both Graves and Sassoon severed relations with contemporary British society and each turned to his own form of self-imposed exile. Graves chose to escape into the uncharted brave new world of the then undiscovered Majorca, while Sassoon opted for the bucolic world of rural England in remembrance of things past. The roads chosen at this juncture were to determine the direction and tone of both writers' future works. The recent publication of two biographies of Graves and of Sassoon's diaries (1915-1925), together with collections of their unpublished letters, allow a much clearer understanding of the two poets' work throughout the war years and the Twenties, and reflect the inexorable road to self-exile and autobiography that was eventually to provide the only means of exorcising the war from their personal lives and artistic endeavours.

This study primarily investigates the autobiographical code in Antjie Krog's poetical oeuvre, spanning from 1970 to the present. Krog's poetry collections may be read as offering life writing through poetry, while the prose works mostly present the reader with a mixture of autobiographical fact plus creative reworkings of fact and fiction. Even though her 10 volumes of poetry follow her biological development from young girl to grandmother, uncertainty still exists about about where truth ends and fiction begins in this poet and autobiographer's interwoven tapestry of multiple and varied perspectives. Furthermore, autobiographical (as utilised and adapted in Krog's oeuvre, in combination with the conventioans from other genres), offers a variety of creatively innovative, experimental strategies and possibilities exploited adroitly by Krog. Reading her poetry with the focus on autobiographical markers leads to another, mostly untapped, dimension of interpretation. This literary approach is in stark contrast to the approach prescibed by N.P. van Wyk Louw in "Die 'mens' agter die boek" ["The 'Person' behind the Book] (1956), in which he states clearly that a text should be interpreted as not "about the human behind the text". To a large extent Krog as poet is inviting the reader to consciously break the taboo that Louw placed on the reader intent on "searching the actual person behind the text". My hypothesis is that in Krog's poetry there is a distinct interrelationship between the perceptions, experiences and sensual impressions of the lyrical "I" in the poems and that of the authobiographical "I" writing. It would be irresponsible to declare the poet and the speaker as one and the same, but in instances where the poet purposefully integrates autobiographical elements into her poems, she is implicitly requesting the reader to interpret her work in this way. This fictive and implicit request is referred to by Philippe Lejeune as the autobiographical poet. Krog's poetry can be divided into four categories: "direct autobiographical", "indirect autobiographical", "universal" and "general" poems. The first category involves criteria that are linked to the poet, such as the use of the names, initials and dates. Indirect autobiographical poems can be read against the background of knowledge (previously published information) about the poet. Poetry with no apparent autobiographical element, but with universal themes such as love, loss and transience, fall into the third category of "universal" poetry. If poems do not fit into the mentioned categories, they are deemed "general".

L’étude proposée dans cette thèse concerne l’œuvre du poète italien Sandro Penna (1906-1977) et a pour but d’élaborer une lecture critique et chronologique. Penna, dont on peut dire qu’il est une figure isolée des courants poétiques de son époque, présente en effet dans ses poésies et ses récits en prose, pour la majorité extrêmement courts, une vision atemporelle de l’existence et essentiellement centrée sur l’amour des jeunes garçons – thème récurrent et obsessionnel dès ses premières compositions. Il est ainsi difficile de certifier que son œuvre est un « roman autobiographique écrit en vers ». Aussi les recueils Poesie, Confuso sogno, Peccato di gola. (Poesie al fermo posta) et Un po’ di febbre seront-ils analysés afin de retracer l’itinéraire singulier de Penna et de confirmer que l’amour pour les jeunes garçons est l’expression d’un amour plus universel pour la vie ; cette vie « sans dates » dans laquelle nous entendons en écho la voix de certains de ses contemporains, comme Saba, Montale, Ungaretti et Pasolini ou bien encore celle de certains de ses prédécesseurs, tels que Leopardi et Pascoli. Il apparaît que la quête poétique et existentielle de Penna vise finalement à retrouver un dialogue harmonieux avec l’Origine – ce mythe de l’enfance primordiale dont les souvenirs sont immédiatement absorbés par le mal de vivre propre à la Modernité – et à envisager l’existence humaine comme un cycle infini. Dans cette perspective, les œuvres de Platon et de Nietzsche, bien connues de Penna, nous permettent d’approfondir ce questionnement, grâce auquel le poète parvient finalement à sublimer le vécu
This thesis deals with the work of the Italian poet Sandro Penna and intends to be a critical and chronological reading and analysis. Penna stands apart from the poetical movements of his time; therefore most of his poems and prose narration works are very short and present a timeless view of Life mainly focused on love for young men (from 13 to 16 y.o). From his very first writings this topic is recurrent and obsessional. This is the reason why it is difficult to establish his work as “an autobiographical novel in verse”. Consequently the collections Poesie, Confuso sogno, Peccato di gola. (Poesie al fermo posta) and Un po’ di febbre are analysed in order to relate the uncommon Penna’s personal path and to confirm that love for young men expresses a more universal love for Life. In this “out of time” life an echo of voices of his coevals, such as Saba, Montale, Ungaretti and Pasolini and of his predecessors like Leopardi and Pascoli can be heard. Two aims appear in the poetical and existential quest by Penna: - restoring a harmonious dialog with the Beginning (which is considered as the myth of the original childhood from which memories are immediately absorbed by the spleen of Modernity); - seeing human life as an infinite cycle. From this viewpoint, Platon and Nietzsche’s works, which were well known by Penna, allow us to go further into this questioning through which the poet succeeds in sublimating Real Life

Qualifiée de « confessionnelle », la poésie de Robert Lowell et d’Anne Sexton peut être redéfinie comme testimoniale, en tant que discours sur soi « hanté » par la fiction. C’est ce que permet d’établir, d’une part, l’étude de la relation entre confession littéraire, fiction et poéticité puis, d’autre part, l’analyse du rapport à la vérité fondé sur une motivation autobiographique et sur l’opération poétique comme vérité « s’avérant dans une structure de fiction ». Fictions de soi aspirant à un discours de vérité sur soi, les œuvres poétiques de Lowell et Sexton sont des témoignages tentés par la confession, ainsi que l’illustre la recherche surréaliste de Sexton. Par ailleurs, l’expression de la folie opère un lien avec la confession religieuse, issue d’Augustin, et avec la définition initiale de la poésie confessionnelle par M.L. Rosenthal qui souligne l’importance de la culpabilité dans l’écriture de Lowell. Mais la représentation du déterminisme de la souffrance psychique, à la fois en termes psychanalytiques et en termes religieux, réduit l’accomplissement de la confession à une fiction de soi. Contrairement à une confession aboutie, le témoignage hybride sur soi peut alors s’avérer déstabilisant : échec de la confession, le témoignage prend acte de l’affaiblissement du « je » dont la vulnérabilité semble incarnée par le sort tragique de Sexton. Une analyse des ressorts de cette fragilité du « je » permet de comprendre les conséquences de la confrontation des auteurs avec leurs poèmes testimoniaux et avec les lecteurs. Elle révèle également l’impasse où mène le poème testimonial
Although the poetical works of Robert Lowell and of Anne Sexton have been called “confessional”, they may rather be defined as testimonial insofar as they are discourse “haunted” by fiction. This will be shown through the analysis of the relation between literary confession, fiction and poeticity. It will also appear in the study of the poems’ relation to truth, both poets’ conceptions of truth relying on autobiographical motivations and on artistic considerations about poetical achievement viewed as truth emerging from “the structure of fiction”. Eventually, the poems of Lowell and Sexton are fictions of the self aiming at speaking the truth and, as such, they might be redefined as testimonies tempted by confession, which is exemplified in Sexton’s surrealistic search. Besides, the poetic representation of madness provides a link with, on the one hand, Augustine’s religious confession and, on the other hand, M.L. Rosenthal’s initial definition emphasizing the importance of guilt in Lowell’s “confessional” writing. But expressing determined psychological suffering in both psychoanalytical and religious terms reduces the accomplishment of confession to mere fiction of the self. Contrary to fully achieved confession, hybrid self-testifying may then prove destabilizing: it bears witness to the failure of confession and therefore to the weakening of the “I”, whose vulnerability Sexton’s tragic fate may embody. Analyzing the poetical workings of the speaker’s fragility allows to understand the consequences of the poets’ confrontation with their testimonial poems and with the reader. It also reveals to what extent testimonial poetical writing is bound to lead to an impasse

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This dissertation intends to analyze the poetic production of Portuguese poet Adília Lopes. Based on poetic procedures, our objective is to outline this poet's project and to capture the configuration of the Self that emanates from her text. The question that arises is: To which extend does Adília Lopes' poetry shape the personal experience of the lyric subject with characters and stories, showing the intimacy that exists between them? How do counter fictional and anti-lyrical technique used in Adília Lopes' poetry reveal a mixed and unstable territory in her writings? To answer this question, we discuss how the Self is built from the historical, philosophical, social, cultural and literary point of view. The theoretical framework regarding the Self in literature can be found in authors, such as Lejeune, Barthes, Nietzsche, Novalis, Friedrich, and others. For the poetic procedure characterization we used critical studies by Rosa Maria Martelo and Flora Süssekind, as well as Adília Lopes' short stories and interviews. Her poetry presents a diversity of Selves, a multitude of voices. Each poem seems to use a poetic procedure and sustains the question of who is actually speaking, whether it is the author, the poet, the author-character or the poet-character
Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar a produção poética de Adília Lopes. Pretende delinear, a partir de procedimentos poéticos, o projeto dessa poeta portuguesa, apreendendo as configurações do Eu que emanam de seu texto. Assim problematiza: Até que ponto a poesia de Adília Lopes configura a experiência pessoal do sujeito lírico com personagens e histórias, evidenciando um pacto de intimidade entre eles? Como procedimentos contra-ficcionais e antilíricos, empregados na poesia adiliana, revelam um território misto e instável em sua escrita? Para tanto, tece considerações sobre o acontecimento do Eu em perspectivas: histórica, filosófica, social, cultural, literária. Como fundamentação teórica acerca do Eu na literatura, apoia-se em autores como Lejeune, Barthes, Nietzsche, Novalis, Friedrich, entre outros; para a caracterização dos procedimentos poéticos, utiliza-se dos estudos críticos de Rosa Maria Martelo e Flora Süssekind, assim como das crônicas e das entrevistas de Adília Lopes. Entre as considerações notase que sua poesia apresenta uma diversidade de Eus, caracterizando-se por uma polifonia de vozes. Cada poema parece utilizar um procedimento poético, mantendo sempre a dúvida de quem é que fala: a autora, a poeta, a personagem autora, a personagem poeta

Looking to the places we live to inform our understandings of identity and belonging, this métissage of place-based stories draws on personal narratives and intergenerational stories to re/create meaning in new spaces and contexts. Through the interweaving of personal and academic stories, this research provides a space for critical engagement, creative scholarship and learning. The pedagogical possibilities of places and understanding of curriculum as both the lived experiences and knowledge/s that shape and in/form our identities and understandings. As newcomers, settlers, and treaty members, living on Turtle Island/North America, perhaps we must begin by looking at the places where we live and dwell, to better understand our responsibilities to both the land and peoples. Unsettling narratives that disrupt textbooks histories, and the re/telling of new/old stories. Using bricolage to gather up the fragments and/or pieces left behind – artefacts, memories and stories, I begin to re/trace the footsteps of my grandmothers - the re/learning his/her/stories, stories of shifting cultural identities and landscapes - and be/longing to places, while also examining how notions of be/longing are transformed through intergenerational stories and our connections to places. Stories that may help to move and guide us forward in a good way. From wasteland to reconciliation, this work examines the meaning of places to our lives and learning, as well as our responsibilities to land and peoples – those who came before, and the generations before us.

[spa]El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es ahondar en la obra poética de Susana March como autora inscrita en la poesía de posguerra. Para ello se trabaja en uno de los aspectos claves en la literatura femenina de la época y así también en nuestra autora: la búsqueda y construcción identitaria, presente a lo largo de toda su producción literaria. Susana March estructura su poética a través de un hilo conductor que camina sobre la historia de un sujeto femenino que nos relata todo su proceso vivencial entrelazado libro a libro, desde la niñez, pasando por los años de juventud, seguidos de la madurez, hasta alcanzar la vejez. Se crea así una historia solícitamente construida desde el principio hasta el final, en la que se da una estrecha relación entre autobiografía e identidad, es decir, entre la impronta autobiográfica de Susana March y todo el proceso de búsqueda identitaria que caracteriza enormemente su poesía.
[cat]L'objectiu principal del present treball és aprofundir en l'obra poètica de Susana March com a autora inscrita en la poesia de postguerra. En aquest sentit, es treballa un dels aspectes claus en la literatura femenina de l'època i així també en la nostra autora: la recerca i la construcció identitària, present al llarg de tota la seva producció literària. Susana March estructura la seva poètica a través d'un fil conductor que camina sobre la història d'un subjecte femení que ens relata tot el seu procés vivencial entrellaçant llibre a llibre, des de la infantesa, passant pels anys de joventut i la maduresa, fins a arribar a la vellesa. Crea així una història construïda des del principi fins al final, en la qual és implícita una estreta relació entre autobiografia i identitat, és a dir, entre l'empremta autobiogràfica de Susana March i tot el procés de recerca identitària que caracteritza enormement la seva poesia.
[eng]The main objective of the this thesis is to delve into the poetic work of Susana March as an author inscribed in spanish postwar poetry. With this purpose we'll work on one of the key aspects in the feminine literature of the time and also in our author: the search and identity construction throughout all her literary production. Susana March structures her poetics through a thread that walks on the history of a female subject which tells us all her experiential process book by book, from childhood, through the years of youth, followed by maturity, until the old age. A wellconstructed story from the beginning to the end is thus created, in which there is a close relationship between autobiography and identity, or in other words, between the autobiographical imprint of Susana March and the whole process of identity research that characterizes her poetry.

This thesis examines the use of collage as a form of autobiography in Hugh MacDiarmid’s Lucky Poet (1943). It traces the development of the use of autobiographical detail and the use of collage in MacDiarmid’s work from To Circumjack Cencrastus (1930) to Lucky Poet. It aims to show that though there is a clear precedent for both these elements in the earliest of MacDiarmid’s work, To Circumjack Cencrastus represented a turning point in MacDiarmid’s progression towards the use of collage as an autobiographical form, and the subsequent development of his interest in autobiography can be traced through the Clann Albann project (1931-1933) and Stony Limits and Other Poems (1934) to Lucky Poet. It examines the difference between autobiographical memory, as developed in the Clann Albann poems, and the representation of immediate experience in poems written while MacDiarmid was on Whalsay, particularly those included in Stony Limits and Other Poems (1934). Its analysis of Lucky Poet, and of the earlier works, focuses on the ideological and artistic use to which MacDiarmid puts autobiography. It includes a brief account of the place of Lucky Poet within recent critical debate regarding the autobiographical genre, but centres on a detailed analysis of MacDiarmid’s reference to Søren Kierkegaard and Lev Shestov. It shows how he developed, through reference to Shestov’s In Job’s Balances and Walter Lowrie’s biography of Kierkegaard, a concept of the suffering and self-sacrifice of the artist, and a related belief in the need to embrace – as an artist – both the danger and the freedom of Shestov’s abyss. It demonstrates how this freedom is realized in the rejection of social conventions and in the publication of unpalatable or provocative material. The thesis concludes by comparing MacDiarmid’s autobiographical writing to that of Edwin Muir and Sir Thomas Urquhart, arguing that Muir rejects the notions of self-sacrifice and rebellion developed by MacDiarmid while Urquhart, despite his distance from MacDiarmid in historical period and social class, ultimately stood for the same principles.

Thesis Ph.D. - University of Glasgow, 2009.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Scottish Literature, Faculty of Arts, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

L’objet de cette thèse est de montrer, dans un corpus français compris entre 1601 et 1675, que l’extase est employée comme la condition du sens de ces discours. La première partie, qui porte sur la fin de l’extase mystique, vise à répondre aux besoins préliminaires d’une définition de l’extase au XVIIe siècle, afin de disposer des outils lexicaux, notionnels et historiques pour mener à bien la recherche poétique. Sont précisés le lexique de l’extase, les conséquences induites par la transformation d’un principe métaphysique en un phénomène humain, et la situation de l’extase face au discernement spirituel qui a abouti à sa faillite. La deuxième partie, qui est consacrée aux récits d’extases, permet de mesurer les conséquences poétiques des premières conclusions, en distinguant la poétique narrative de deux objets qui se trouvent à l’un et l’autre bout des mutations de l’extase au cours du siècle, à savoir l’extase visionnaire dans la Vie de Thérèse d’Avila et l’extase devenue invisible dans les relations spirituelles de Claudine Moine. Ces deux extases sont traitées comme des objets sémiotiques, dont les procédures narratives posent à la narration un problème d’ordre temporel qui a pour effet de faire échec au récit de sainteté que Thérèse d’Avila entend mener, et de rendre impossible dans les écrits de Claudine Moine la conjonction du sujet de l’histoire racontée avec le sujet de la narration. Enfin, la troisième partie traite de l’énonciation de l’extase dans un corpus principalement poétique. Elle isole les figures historiques employées pour représenter une telle énonciation, précise la façon dont l’affectivité extatique s’articule à la parole, et éclaire l’incidence de l’économie affective de sujet extasié sur les modes de figuration objective de l’extase
This dissertation aims to show, through an analysis of a French corpus dating from 1601 to 1675, that ecstasy is used as the condition of the meaning of these speeches. The first part, which focuses on the end of mystical ecstasy, seeks to meet the primary needs of a definition of ecstasy in the 17th century, in order to gather the lexical, notional and historical tools for poetical research. It clarifies the lexicon of ecstasy, shows the results of the transformation of a metaphysical principle into a human phenomenon, and explains the situation of mystical ecstasy facing the discernment of spirits that led to its fall. The second part, which focuses on the narratives of ecstasy, allows to evaluate the poetical consequences of the previous conclusions. It distinguishes indeed between the narrative poetics of two objects located on both ends of the mutations of ecstasy during the century: the visionary ecstasy in the Life of Teresa of Avila, and the invisible ecstasy in the spiritual relations of Claudine Moine. These two kinds of ecstasies are considered as semiotic objects, whose procedures result in a temporal problem: ecstasy stymies the narrative of holiness that Teresa of Avila intends to tell, and hinders the identification between the subject of the story and the subject of the narration in Claudine Moine’s writings. Finally, the third part deals with the enunciation of ecstasy in a corpus that is mainly poetical. It isolates the historical figures that are used to represent this enunciation, specifies how the ecstatic emotions are linked to verbal expression, and determines the impact of the ecstatic subject’s emotional economy on the objective modes of figuration of ecstasy

This dissertation focuses on the reading of Lar, (2004 2009), by Armando Freitas Filho, a Brazilian poet, and it intends to investigate its composition, whose proposal is to conceive a lyrical autobiography. Author of many books, Armando, in his last work, seeks for the reading and the writing of himself, going through the past in order to review experiences and situations which give him ways of dealing with the present, enabling him to create reflections that concern time, poetry, life and death. The purpose of our study is the investigation of the contemporary poetry and also the questions that involves memory and subjectivity. Therefore, we analyze the three sections of the book: Primeira série , Formação and Numeral . Based on this work, we can propose a revision of the following notions: autobiography and memory, which enable the author to write about himself, who finds in the infinite the nonsense possibility to be and to live.
A presente dissertação investe na leitura de Lar, (2004 2009), do poeta carioca Armando Freitas Filho e pretende investigar o modo de composição do livro, cuja proposta é conceber uma autobiografia em versos. Dono de um extenso rol de publicações, Armando Freitas Filho, em seu último livro, busca a leitura e a escrita de si mesmo, vasculhando no tempo, episódios e experiências pretéritas que dão sentido ao agora, permitindo-lhe reflexões que tocam temas como o tempo, a poesia, a vida e a morte. Nosso estudo, portanto, concentra-se nessa obra, que permite uma investigação não só da poesia contemporânea como também de questões que dizem respeito à memória e a subjetividade. Assim, nosso método de trabalho é a análise dos poemas contidos nas três partes do livro: Primeira série , Formação e Numeral . A obra permite uma rediscussão das premissas da autobiografia e da memória, possibilitando ao poeta uma maneira de escrever sobre o próprio eu, que absurdamente encontra no infinito a possibilidade de ser e viver.
Mestre em Teoria Literária

What I Meant to Say about Love is an ever-differing interstitial text which has left open spaces for artists, researchers, and teachers, called a/r/tographers, to contest the curriculum and pedagogy of reduction and pragmatic means-ends orientations that monopolize schools. This text wanders, meanders, and digresses to places where, through poetic inquiry, the notion that there is no pedagogy without love can be explored. In a broad understanding of midrash, as it is performed poetically, three years of an English teacher's life are recorded fictionally. James, the main character, discovers that love is a physically potent force that structures and deconstructs, just as it connects and disconnects. His story considers how the professional emphasis in education compartmentalizes and separates the inner life from the outer life. In love with life, with learning, and with others, the James of this story writes poetry to acknowledge love's power, and to restore its credibility in the classroom—that the lovers' discourse might be trusted again. This un/authorized autobiography ruptures the predictable stories of what it means to be a successful teacher by considering one teacher's journey as a limit case, examining phenomenologically how he connects his life of love and poetry to his classroom practice and how his students respond to his poetically charged way of being. My hope is that it might be possible to offer here, in this place, one poet's understanding and celebration of difference in the world. Recognizing the relationship between what is original and what is shifting, I hope to keep complexity and diversity alive, to resist answers, to continue to converse and traverse and transgress. Thus, with careful attention to poetry as a way of knowing and unknowing, and by attending to the paradox, humour, and irony in one poet's lived experiences, both public professings and inner confessings, as they are understood in relations of difference, or as they are understood in relations of decomposition and fertility, it is possible to consider how powerful emotive experiences, oftentimes relegated to the personal and therefore insignificant, can and do have profound transformational effects on praxis.

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The main objective of this research is to examine, in the writings of Ana Cristina Cesar, the relationships between the texture of her autobiographical discourse and the cinematic editing method, with particular attention to the texts comprised in A teus pés, published in 1982. Such objective was chosen in view of the fact that Ana Cristina Cesar s poetic work reveals composition methods of a singular late 20th century lyrical voice, marked by a fragmentary language, analogous with the cinematic technique of frames juxtaposition and the procedures that account for autobiographical and confessional texts. In order to understand how this woman poet appropriates an autobiographical discourse and transforms it, and whether the cinematic language takes part in the autobiographical construction process of Ana Cristina s poetry through the organization of fragments in the text, we start from the following hypotheses: autobiographism is a lyrical and fictional method in Ana Cristina s fragmentary poetry; cinematic editing provides solutions to the contiguity of analogical images in her poetic writing; fragmentarism is the procedure that brings together the cinematic and the autobiographical discourse. Such hypotheses were tested in the light of: Bakhtin s reflections in Aesthetics of Verbal Creation, which deal with confessional and autobiographical genres; the concept of biographeme as proposed by Roland Barthes; and the cinematic editing studies carried out by theoreticians and scholars such as Sergei Eisenstein, Ismail Xavier, Peter Burger and Modesto Carone Netto. We conclude that Ana Cristina Cesar brings together the depragmatizing, self-reflexive tendency of modern art and the disillusioned, faithless attitude of our contemporary age, by deconstructing in her writings the concepts of identity and authorship, in an attempt to depersonalize the self. In the texts written by this woman poet from Rio de Janeiro, the biographeme is apprehended as a fragmentary and non-linear composition method which, together with the frames juxtaposition procedure that constitutes cinematic editing, results in a unique relationship between reality and fiction, achieved by means of an erotic texture in which a reality that emerges and disappears from the text is displayed. Bringing forth a dramatic interplay in which the poetic persona takes to the stage and displays its multiplicity to the reader, Ana Cristina Cesar s writing reveals that the theatralization of the self on the textual stage is an alternative to the invention of a creative and liberating identity
O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é examinar, na escritura de Ana Cristina Cesar, em especial nos textos que compõem A teus pés, editado em 1982, as relações entre a tessitura do discurso autobiográfico e o método de montagem cinematográfica. Tal objetivo foi traçado, considerando-se que a obra poética de Ana Cristina Cesar revela, como métodos de composição de uma voz lírica singular do final do século XX, a linguagem fragmentária, análoga à técnica cinematográfica de justaposição de planos, e os procedimentos constituintes de textos autobiográficos e confessionais. A fim de compreendermos como a poeta se apropria do discurso autobiográfico, transformando-o, e se a linguagem cinematográfica participa, por meio da organização de fragmentos no texto, do processo de construção do autobiografismo na poesia de Ana C., partimos das seguintes hipóteses: o autobiografismo é um método lírico ficcional na poesia fragmentada de Ana Cristina Cesar; a montagem cinematográfica fornece soluções para a contigüidade das imagens analógicas na escritura poética; o fragmentarismo é um procedimento que alia os discursos cinematográfico e autobiográfico. Tais hipóteses foram testadas à luz: das reflexões elaboradas por Bakhtin, em Estética da criação verbal, sobre os gêneros confessionais e a autobiografia; do conceito de biografema proposto por Roland Barthes; e de estudos sobre a montagem cinematográfica, realizados por teóricos e estudiosos como Sergei Eisenstein, Ismail Xavier, Peter Bürger e Modesto Carone Netto. Concluímos que Ana Cristina Cesar alia a tendência despragmatizante e auto-reflexiva da arte moderna à postura descrente e desiludida da contemporaneidade, desconstruindo, em sua escritura, as noções de identidade e de autoria, numa tentativa de despersonalização do sujeito. Nos textos da poeta carioca, o biografema é apreendido como um método de composição fragmentada e alinear, que, aliado ao procedimento de justaposição de planos que constitui a montagem cinematográfica, constrói uma relação singular entre real e ficção mediante uma tessitura erótica, na qual se estabelece a encenação de uma realidade que aparece e desaparece do texto. Instauradora de um jogo dramático em que o sujeito poético encena sua multiplicidade para o leitor, a escritura de Ana Cristina Cesar revela que a teatralização do eu no palco textual é uma alternativa para a invenção de uma identidade criativa e libertadora

La correspondance d’Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) occupe une place essentielle dans ses écrits. Elle montre sans doute mieux que ses autres textes la singularité de son expression. Cette thèse examine le rôle joué par sa correspondance, rôle dont on admet l’importance mais encore insuffisamment exploré. À partir de la publication de la Correspondance avec Jacques Rivière (1924), commencée à la suite du refus de Rivière de publier les poèmes d’Artaud, celui-ci publie lettres ou textes épistoliers comme si cela pouvait remplacer ses œuvres dans lesquelles il n’arrive pas à exprimer sa réalité à cause de la maladie dont il souffre : il refuse les œuvres « détachée[s] de la vie » et croit pouvoir mieux s’exprimer dans les lettres. L’expression épistolière est pour lui un moyen de faire entendre le « cri même de la vie » et de lutter contre « un sentiment de gratuité ». Toutefois, il n’est pas évident que, bien qu’elle soit ancrée dans des situations réelles, la correspondance puisse fonctionner comme Artaud le souhaite; il s’avère plutôt qu’elle a pour lui un statut ambigu dans les années 1920 et 1930. Le chapitre 1 aborde ce problème sous deux aspects : l’authenticité et la temporalité. Dans ses lettres, on constate qu’Artaud se plaint très souvent de l’incompréhension de ses destinataires vis-à-vis de sa douleur; ses lettres n’en garantissent pas, pour eux, l’authenticité et l’équivoque y revient sans cesse. Pour lui, l’authenticité doit être prouvée par l’adéquation de l’écriture épistolière avec le présent. Mais sa maladie, ainsi que le fait que les lettres ne sont que des écrits, empêchent la réalisation de cette adéquation. Ses lettres ne parviennent à transcrire que sa hâte et le décalage temporel. Ainsi, loin de témoigner de sa réalité brute, sa correspondance devient tentative de couvrir ce décalage, de trouver la réalité qu’il n’arrive pas à saisir, son vrai moi, originel et intact. Pour cela, Artaud recourt à des éléments imaginaires en exigeant toujours le contact immédiat, d’où le rôle paradoxal de ses lettres. Le chapitre 2 examine le problème de la destination. La présence des autres est nécessaire à Artaud pour penser, pour compléter son manque. Ses destinataires sont ainsi des dépositaires de son moi. Mais ses lettres s’adressent, au-delà des destinataires réels dont la présence n’est qu’imaginaire, à l’instance transcendante, à l’Autre comme le remarque Vincent Kaufmann dans L’Équivoque épistolaire, instance qui lui donne accès à l’expression et lui restitue son identité. Ses destinataires (critiques, autorités religieuses, hommes politique, médecins, etc.), autoritaires et paternels, sont des figures de cet Autre. Par ailleurs, ses destinataires féminines et amoureuses sont pour lui des moitiés qu’il faut s’incorporer pour retrouver l’unité originelle. Ses lettres d’amour sont ainsi marquées par son désir violent de fusion. Pourtant, l’union amoureuse expose en même temps l’unité de son moi à la perte dans le flot de choses. Les lettres sont aussi écrites pour introduire une distance.L’enjeu de ses lettres de voyage, étudiées au chapitre 3, est de réaliser les deux mouvements inverses (rapprochement et éloignement). Les pays lointains constituent pour Artaud l’ailleurs métaphysique où retrouver son unité originelle. Pendant ses voyages au Mexique (1936) et en Irlande (1937), ses lettres sont comme une scène pour l’avènement de sa nouvelle identité, scène où se rencontrent l’au-delà et l’ici-maintenant. C’est ici que son usage paradoxal des lettres atteint son sommet car la réalisation du « vrai drame » signifie, comme il le prophétise, la disparition du monde matériel et donc aussi celle de l’écriture épistolière. Ses lettres mettent en scène leur propre disparition qui coïncide curieusement avec son arrestation à Dublin et le commencement de sa vie asilaire (1937-1946)
The correspondence of Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) occupies an essential place in his writings. It shows probably better than his other texts the singularity of his expression. This dissertation examines the role played by his correspondence, the importance of which is admitted, but still insufficiently explored. From the publication of the Correspondence with Jacques Rivière (1924), that started following the refusal of Rivière to publish the poems of Artaud, he publishes letters or texts in epistolary style as if they could replace his works in which he is unable to express his own reality because of his illness : he refuses works "separated from life" and believes he can better express himself in letters. The epistolary expression is for him a way to make the "cry of life" heard and to fight against the "feeling of lack of cause". However, it is not clear that, although anchored in real situations, the correspondence can function as Artaud wants. Rather, in the 1920s and 1930s, its position for him is ambiguous.Chapter 1 approaches this problem in two aspects : the authenticity and the temporality. In his letters, we can see Artaud complain very often of his addressees’ misunderstanding about his pain. His letters do not prove its authenticity, and the ambiguity always goes into them. For him, the authenticity must be proven by the accord of his writings with the present time. But his illness, as well as the fact that the letters consist of words, prevent the realization of this accord. His letters can transcribe only his hustle and time gaps. Thus, far from showing his raw reality, the correspondence becomes an attempt to cover these gaps, to find the reality that he cannot seize, his true self, original and intact. To do this, Artaud uses imaginary elements, still asking for the immediate contact, which makes the role of his letters paradoxical. Chapter 2 examines the problem of destination. The presence of others is necessary for Artaud to think, to complete his lack. His addressees are depositories of his self. But his letters are addressed, beyond actual addressees whose presence is after all imaginary, to the transcendent instance, to the Other as notes Vincent Kaufmann in L’Équivoque épistolaire, instance that allow him access to the expression and restores his identity. His addressees who are authorities and paternal (critics, religious leaders, statesmen, doctors, etc.) are figures of the Other. In addition, the female addressees who are his lovers are his halves that must be incorporated to find again the original unity. His love letters are so marked by his strong desire of fusion. Yet at the same time, the union by love exposes his unity to loss in the flow of things. Letters are also written in order to introduce a distance. The issue of his travel letters, discussed in Chapter 3, is to make simultaneously the two opposite movements (close and away). Distant countries represent for Artaud metaphysical places where he should find his original unity. During his travels in Mexico (1936) and Ireland (1937), his letters are like a stage for the advent of a new identity, stage where meet the beyond and the here-now. It is here that the paradoxical use of letters reaches the peak, because the realization of the "real drama" means, as prophesied he, the disappearance of the material world and therefore that of the letters. His letters direct their own disappearance, which curiously coincides with his arrest in Dublin and the beginning of his life in asylums (1937-1946)

This study maintains that although Gaspara Stampa's Rime (1554) appears to straddle two popular literary genres-lyric poetry and autobiography-analysis of the Rime within its cultural context demonstrates that while Stampa (1523-1553) used Petrarchan conventions, she also both borrowed and swerved from Giovanni Boccaccio's Elegy of Lady Fiammetta (1334-1337) to imagine a non-Petrarchan narrative of an abandoned woman. In the Renaissance, lyric poetry and autobiography were distinguished not only by their style-prose vs. verse-but, more importantly, by the treatment of their distinctive subject matter. Lyric poetry focused on those emotions involving love, whereas Renaissance autobiography shunned emotions. A comparative analysis of the Rime with the Elegy concludes that the Rime is not a lyric version of Boccaccio's Elegy; however, a consideration of Harold Bloom's "anxiety of influence" demonstrates that although Stampa borrowed the Boccaccian idea of the woman as narrator to tell the story of love and abandonment, she creatively adapted-or, to use Bloom's term, swerved from-Boccaccio's presentation of the abandoned narrator's psychological pain. Instead, Stampa depicts the frustrations and the pain of the narrator whose love is unrequited although her beloved remains nearby.

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Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
This monograph deals with the limits between the literary entity named lyrical self , created by an author, and the real world entity that created the text who is the poet himself. For such a task we chose as an object for this research one of the most popular texts from Brazilian Poetry: Marília de Dirceu written by Tomas Antonio Gonzaga in the late XVIII century. The choice of this work was motivated not only for its popularity among poetry readers, but especially because we believe that in this text the limits or boundaries between the lyrical self and the poet are so fragile that even the autobiographical features of the author are now projected on to the lyrical self in a kind of narcissistic mirror. However, one of the most essential characteristics of Arcadian Poetry (Arcadismo) is the pastoral convention where the poet pretends to be a "shepherd" that gives voice to this fictional entity instead of his true self and his personal biography. That is one of the reason why Gonzaga's text represents a breakthrough from the traditional thinking of Arcadian Poetry. From a methodology of theoretical investigation into the concepts of language, discourse and literature, we try to understand the construction of the poem, its lyricism and how through the literary mimesis the alterities of the poetical text are established. All these are fundamental to the understanding of Arcadian Poetry. With these theoretical considerations and a brief research into the origins of Arcadian Poetry and its manifestations in Portugal and Brazil we tried to verify our hypothesis in the lyric poems created by Gonzaga. The result made us realize that the Arcadian canons were in fact followed in part of the work especially when the lyrical self as the character called Dirceu idealizes a happy world with his beloved Marília. Nevertheless, when Gonzaga is arrested suspected of taking part in Inconfidência Mineira and he has to write in prison, both the poet and the "shepherd" are now intermingled with each other reflecting the mutual dependency that both have and thus making the boundaries between fiction and reality even more delicate
A dissertação que ora apresentamos preocupou-se em averiguar como se estabelecem os limites fronteiriços entre a entidade literária que é o eu lírico , criação de um autor, e a entidade do mundo real, criadora do texto, que é o poeta. Para tanto, escolhemos como objeto de pesquisa um dos textos mais populares da poética brasileira: o livro de poemas líricos Marília de Dirceu, escrito por Tomás Antonio Gonzaga, em finais do século XVIII. A escolha de tal obra foi-nos motivada não só por sua popularidade entre os leitores de poesia, mas também porque acreditamos que nela o limite entre o eu lírico e o poeta se torne bastante tênue, a ponto de traços autobiográficos do autor se projetarem na figura do eu lírico , num espelhamento narcísico. Uma vez que no Arcadismo um dos traços marcantes é a convenção pastoril e o poeta, fingindo-se de pastor , concede voz a uma entidade ficcional em que se apagam a sua identidade e sua biografia pessoal, o texto de Gonzaga representaria uma ruptura aos cânones do período. A partir de uma metodologia de investigação teórica sobre conceitos relativos à linguagem, ao discurso e à literatura, procuramos entender melhor a construção da poesia, do seu lirismo e de como, através da mimese literária, se estabelecem as alteridades no texto poético, conhecimentos fundamentais para trabalharmos com a poesia árcade. Com tais levantamentos teóricos e uma breve pesquisa sobre a formação do Arcadismo e suas manifestações em Portugal e no Brasil, partimos para a verificação de nossas hipóteses nas liras de Gonzaga. O resultado deste trajeto acadêmico, aqui apresentado, nos levou a perceber que os cânones árcades se cumprem em parte na obra, quando o eu lírico , na figura do pastor Dirceu, idealiza um mundo feliz com sua amada Marília. No entanto, quando Gonzaga é preso, como suspeito de participação na Inconfidência Mineira, ao escrever suas liras na masmorra, poeta e pastor se imbricam numa única entidade que passa a refletir relações de mútua dependência, tornando a fronteira entre a literatura e a realidade cada vez mais imprecisa

Orientador: Lygia Arcuri Eluf
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: O estudo propõe uma investigação sobre o processo criativo, a partir da execução e análise de uma série de pinturas - autorretratos - realizadas entre 2008 e 2011. Os eixos estruturais de organização são o uso da cor como elemento fundamental para a construção do espaço pictórico e os diferentes modos de registrar as etapas do processo. Foram estabelecidos contrapontos com a produção de algumas artistas contemporâneas cuja abordagem das questões de linguagem e da representação do próprio corpo são um parâmetro importante para minhas reflexões sobre a prática e a técnica
Abstract: The research proposes an investigation into the creative processes, from the execution and analysis of a series of paintings - self-portraits - produced in between 2008 e 2011. The structural organization are the use of color as a key element in the construction of pictorial space and the different ways to record the steps of the process. Counterpoints have been established with the production of some contemporary artists whose approach to issues of language and representation of their own body are an important parameter for my reflections on the practical and technical
Mestrado
Artes Visuais
Mestre em Artes

It is evident in Antjie Krog's oeuvre that autobiographical aspects and themes play an important role in her work, and that such aspects are in fact characteristic of all her work. In this study the relation between the autobiographical material in 'n Ander Tongval (2003) and in some of her volumes of poetry is researched. It is clear from the theoretical works that were consulted that the relation between the text and "reality" can be extremely complex, because all autobiographical texts always contain both autobiographical and fictional aspects. In the autobiographical text the writer must constantly negotiate between the public and the private; in other words what the writer chooses to remember and reveal, and what is concealed. There are significant similarities between the autobiographical memories in 'n Ander Tongva/ and a number of Antjie Krog's poems from the volumes Dogter van Jefta, Otters in bronslaai, Jerusa/emgangers, Lady Anne, Gedigte 1989 - 1995 and Kleur kom nooit aileen nie. It is evident, however, that the same information is presented very differently in the poetic and narrative texts. Krog uses her memory very selectively and she manipulates her memories in the representation of the poems. A reason for this may be that she regards her poetry as personal, while the autobiographical text was written for a bigger audience. The same argument applies to her use of different voices ("I" as well as other voices) which is used in both texts.
Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Notre étude s’attache à cerner les figures du sujet lyrique dans la poésie de Jacques Dupin (1927- 2012), Philippe Jaccottet (1924- ) et Jacques Réda (1928- ), trois écrivains majeurs de l’après-guerre dont le travail poétique a contribué à l’évolution de la poésie lyrique contemporaine. Sans pour autant négliger l’œuvre antérieure et postérieure de ces poètes, notre étude se concentrera principalement sur les ouvrages des années 1960 et 1970. A cette période, en effet, la poésie lyrique s’est trouvée prise dans une situation critique sans précédent du fait l’avènement du structuralisme et du « textualisme » proclamé par l’avant-garde. En réaction au textualisme des années 1960 et 1970, Dupin, Jaccottet et Réda poursuivent une quête opiniâtre du lyrisme. Notre étude n’a pour but ni d’élaborer des critères globaux et universels afin de définir les caractéristiques universelles de la « poésie lyrique » en tant que genre littéraire, ni d’élaborer une réflexion philosophique sur le Sujet ou l’En-soi. A travers l’analyse des figures de sujet lyrique, nous étudierons les caractéristiques de chacun de nos poètes, ainsi que les modes de la poésie lyrique au cours de cette période malaisée. La notion de « sujet lyrique » nous servira de paramètre en vue d’éclairer la singularité et l’historicité des poèmes, voire de la poétique propre à chaque écrivain. Traditionnellement, la poésie lyrique est souvent associée à l’emphase ou au sentimentalisme. La poésie de Dupin, Jaccottet et Réda s’acharnent à se dégager de l’embrasse du lyrisme traditionnel encombré d’égocentrisme. La poésie lyrique n’est plus un genre qui exprime les sentiments et la subjectivité du poète. Nos poètes sont à la recherche d’une nouvelle forme de poésie lyrique, qui convienne à leur époque. L’impersonnalité, que nous trouvons souvent dans leur poétique, s’associe à la production d’une nouvelle modalité de la subjectivité, éloignée de la métaphysique de la subjectivité. Le refus d’une certaine forme de subjectivité coexiste avec la recherche d’une parole singulière, ainsi que d’une nouvelle figure de sujet lyrique
Our study aims to examine the figures of the lyric subject in the poetry of Jacques Dupin (1927- 2012), Philippe Jaccottet (1924-) and Jacques Réda (1928-), three major poet of the postwar whose poetic work contributed to the evolution of contemporary lyric poetry.Without neglecting the anterior and posterior work of these poets, our study will focus mainly on the works of the 1960s and 1970s. At that time, in fact, the lyric was taken in a critical situation without precedent because of the advent of the structuralism and the “textualism” proclaimed by the avant-garde. In response to textualism of 1960s and 1970s, Dupin, Jaccottet and Réda continue an obstinate search of lyricism.Our study doesn’t aim to develop global and universal criteria to define the universal characteristics of "lyric poetry" as a literary genre, nor to develop a philosophical reflection on the subject or the En-soi. Through the analysis of the figures of lyric subject, we will study the characteristics of each of our poets, as well as patterns of lyric poetry during the difficult period. The notion of "lyric subject" will serve as a parameter in order to clarify the singularity and the historical nature of the poems, and those of the poetic peculiar to each writer.Traditionally, lyric poetry is often associated with the emphasis or sentimentality. The poetry of Dupin, Jaccottet and Reda struggle to free themselves from the traditional lyricism based on the egocentricity. Lyric poetry is no more a genre that expresses the feelings and subjectivity of the poet. Our poets are looking for a new form of lyrical poetry, which is suitable for the times. The impersonality, we often find in their poetic, is associated with the production of a new form of subjectivity, far from the metaphysics of subjectivity. The refusal of some form of subjectivity coexists with the search for a singular word and the new figure of lyric subject

Affrontando lo studio della Letteratura Italiana risulta evidente l'omissione dai manuali, ad eccezione di Primo Levi, degli scritti di coloro che sono stati deportati tra il 1939 e il 1945 in seguito alle persecuzioni razziali. Il tempo trascorso dalla Shoah ha, invece, dimostrato la presenza di un ingente quantità di opere che costituiscono il corpus della Letteratura Concentrazionaria, ossia la letteratura dei campi di concentramento. Gli autori di questa letteratura sono poco conosciuti e considerati minori, ma la loro scrittura raggiunge spesso un'ineguagliabile altezza intellettuale, morale, stilistica. La narrazione dei loro ricordi traumatici è il risultato di precise decisioni: quali fatti raccontare, in che ordine cronologico, ma soprattutto attraverso quale forma. Questi testi concentrazionari, infatti, possono essere studiati da diversi punti di vista, quello più inusuale è la divisione per generi: racconto, autobiografia, saggio, romanzo, diario, lettera, poesia. Non sempre la distinzione fra questo o quel genere è netta, ma è molto significativo che a partire da una tragedia, quale l'Olocausto, si possa scegliere di raccontare la propria esperienza prestando attenzione al modo di esprimerla. È il primo segno che dimostra quanto anche di fronte al male l'uomo non perda il desiderio di ricercare il vero ed il bello.
Such a long time has passed since the end of the Shoah and it has become clear that there are a lot of works written in those years which now form the corpus of literature based on the experiences in concentration camps. The authors of these works are not very well-known and they are usually considered minor but their works have often reached highly intellectual, moral and stylistic results. The narration of their traumatic memories is the result of precise decisions, i.e. what to tell, in what chronological order, but especially in what forms. The texts based on the experiences in concentration camps can in fact be studied from different points of view. The most unusual is their study through genres: short story, autobiography, essay, novel, journal, letter, poetry. The distinction between one genre and another is not often clear-cut. What is interesting to underline is that in front of a tragedy, as the Holocaust was, it is possible to choose to tell one's own experience by paying special attention to the way of expressing it. This is evidence that in front of evil man does not ever lose the desire to look for truth and beauty.

Em seu poema autobiográfico O Prelúdio William Wordsworth relata o modo como os principais eventos de sua vida levaram ao seu desenvolvimento espiritual a fim de tornar-se um poeta. Na chamada poesia de Natureza isso pressupõe a influência da experiência direta e viva com os objetos e elementos do mundo natural. Meu intento nesta tese consiste em investigar a qual ponto a formação individual representada na narrativa é resultado da experiência vivida – estética, moral e intelectual – do sujeito em relação às formas belas e sublimes do mundo exterior em paralelo com a constituição imaginativa de sua consciência; ou da elaboração retórica e associativa de imagens, analogias, metáforas, símbolos, conceitos e concepções tomados de um conjunto de saberes literários, filosóficos, religiosos, psicológicos e científicos da tradição ocidental em voga na época de Wordsworth. Além disso, busquei examinar de que modo a experiência da Natureza se associa ao papel da educação formal e da observação impactante da estrutura social e política advinda das transformações da modernidade, vindo a formar a visão de mundo do poeta e a crença no papel fundamental da poesia como depositária laico-sagrada da sabedoria essencial da humanidade. Os argumentos que dão sustentação à minha interpretação do poema baseiam-se na análise de uma estrutura narrativa de história individual de nascimento em meio ao mundo natural, de criação de laços de pertencimento a este meio, de afastamento da Natureza e de retorno a ela. A região natal de Wordsworth no Disrito dos Lagos Ingleses, no Norte da Inglaterra, é vista como equivalente primeiro da Natureza. Portanto é represetada analogicamente como um parâmetro físico e sensível que fundamenta aquilo que o herói deverá entender como Natureza: primeiro enquanto mundo visível, e a partir deste corolário em suas dimensões sensoriais e sentimentais, intelectuais e emocionais, morais e espirituais. Destarte, esta pesquisa organiza-se em três partes. Na primeira parte, procurei reconstruir as experiências do herói ao longo dos principais eventos de seu percurso autobiográfico, com vistas a reconstituir o seu sentido para a construção (Bildung) da sensibilidade do sujeito, emocional, intelectual e espiritualmente, de acordo como estas experiências tenham sido vividas ou recordadas. Na segunda, tratei separadamente dos tipos de contato empírico do herói com as formas naturais em momentos de observação, contemplação e meditação, dando ênfase à percepção sensorial, especialmente em suas funções visual e auditiva; aos impulsos sentimentais e emocionais ligados à sensibilidade corporal; e finalmente à intuição transcendente e à visão metafísica que acompanha as relações espirituais sentidas na responsividade anímica e espiritual do sujeito – em comunhão tranquila ou êxtase elevado – com a essência mais profunda manifestada na vida das coisas que o rodeiam. Por fim, na terceira parte, voltei-me para a análise dos recursos empregados para a construção estética e reelaboração retórica dos conteúdos da experiência humana representados na narrativa a partir da associação de conteúdos imaginários, metafóricos, simbólicos, conceituais e alusivos que indicam a apropriação de um conjunto de saberes e conhecimentos tomados de empréstimo a uma tradição intelectual e letrada. Enquanto resultado, sustento a tese de que Wordsworth combina dois elementos fundamentais na construção poética de O Prelúdio. De um lado há a expressão emocional dos efeitos interiores causados pela impressão das formas naturais, com base no que se pode conceber enquanto representação realista, ou seja, fiel às formas empíricas da percepção humana e relativa à atenção do sujeito ao ambiente circundante e à cor local. De outro, constatei a reelaboração de imagens, motivos e topói, bem como noções conceituais e alusões que remetem à afirmação de uma visão de mundo cara ao espírito Romântico, assim como a crítica cortante, apesar de velada, a um conjunto de práticas institucionais, sociais e políticas que ameaçam a integridade de um mundo orgânico que o eu-lírico julga ideal para o aperfeiçoamento do espírito humano em condições de harmonia com o universo onde vive – a Natureza.
In his autobiographical poem The Prelude William Wordsworth relates how the main events of his life led to his spiritual development in order to become a poet. In the so-called Poetry of Nature this presupposes the influence of the direct and living experience of the objects and elements of the natural world. My intent in this dissertation consists of investigating to what extent the individual formation represented in the narrative results from the subject’s lived through experience – aesthetic, moral and intellectual – in relation to the beautiful and sublime forms of the outward world paralleled to the imaginative constitution of his consciousness; or from the rhetorical and associative elaboration of images, analogies, metaphors, symbols, concepts and conceptions taken from a body of literary, philosophical, religious, psychological and scientific knowledges of the western tradition in voge during Wordsworth’s age. Furthermore, I sought to examine how the experience of Nature associates to the role of formal education and striking observation of the social and political structure derived from the transformations of modernity, thus forming the poet’s worldview and belief in the fundamental role of poetry as the laic-sacred depositary of humankind’s essential wisdom. The arguments which sustain my interpretation of the poem are based on the analysis of a narrative structure of individual history of birth amid the natural world, of creation of pertainment bonds to this environment, of distancing from Nature and return to her. Wordsworth’s native region in the Lake District in the North of England is seen as the primary equivalent of Nature. Therefore it is represented analogically as a physical and sensual parameter that founds that which the hero must come to understand as Nature: firstly, as the visible world, and up from this corollary in her sensorial and sentimental, intellectual and emotional, moral and spiritual dimensions. Thus, this research is organized into three parts. In the first, I attempted at reconstructing the hero’s experiences along the main events of his autobiographical course, aiming at reconstituting their meaning for the building (Bildung) of the subject’s sensibility, emotional, intellectual and spiritually, according to the way these experiences have been lived or recollected. In the second part, I dealt separatedly with the hero’s types of empirical contact with the natural forms in moments of observation, contemplation and meditation, emphasyzing the sensorial perception, especially its visual and auditory functions; the sentimental and emotional drives linked to the sensibility of the body; and finally to the transcendent intuition and metaphysical vision wich accompany the spiritual relations felt in the subject’s animical and spiritual responsivity – in quiet communion or lofty transport – with the deepest essence manifested in the life of the things surrounding him. Finally, in the third part, I turned my efforts to analyzing the resources employed for the aesthetical construction and rhetorical re-elaboration of the contents of human experience depicted in the narrative out of the association of imaginary, metaphorical, symbolical, conceptual and allusive contents that indicate the appropriation of a set of wisdom and knowledge drawn from an intellectual and literate tradition. As a result, I sustain the thesis that Wordsworth combines two fundamental elements in the poetic textualization of The Prelude. On one hand, there is the emotional expression of the inner effects aroused by the impression of the natural forms based on what might be conceived as a realistic representation, i.e. faithful to the empirical forms of human perception and regarding the subject’s attention to the surrounding environment and the local colour. On the other hand, I testified the re-elaboration of images, motifs and topoi, as well as conceptual notions and allusions which remount to the assertion of a worldview dear to the Romantic spirit, so as a sharp (although veiled) criticism against a number of institutional, social and political practices that menace the integrity of an organical world that the lyrical speaker considers ideal for the perfectioning of the human spirit in conditions of harmony with the universe where man abides – I mean Nature.

A dissertação investiga a escritura formativa, simultaneamente, como processo de criação e como processo formativo. Para tanto, se lastreia num enfoque autobiográfico com base no ensaio (Larossa, 2006) amplamente matizado pela obra poética da pesquisadora, num diálogo intenso com pensadores, escritores e escritoras que têm a palavra como universo de investigação e criação artística, entre eles a perspectiva fenomenológica de Gaston Bachelard, a hermenêutico-simbólica de Ferreira-Santos (1998, 2004 e outros), Ferreira-Santos e Almeida (2001 e 2012), Loureiro (2008), Willms (2013) e Rubira (2006 e 2015), bem como a dos poetas da terra Guimarães Rosa e Manoel de Barros, e das poetisas das águas Neide Arcanjo e Clarice Lispector. A investigação poética durante o próprio processo (in process) explicita as dificuldades, os obstáculos, impasses, bem como a rica produção escrita e poética derivada desse processo, mais como registro do que como produto. Tal estilo investigativo, incomum aos modelos tradicionais de pesquisa acadêmica, ainda lastreados por uma lógica aristotélica e um pensamento cartesiano, linear e previdente, apresenta-se, no desdobramento e na investigação imagética, nas metáforas da palavra com o barro, a ostra, a canoa, o rio e o mar, cotejando a travessia como grande metáfora formativa. Com originalidade de estilo, esta investigação da escrita de si tenta contribuir com os processos de formação inicial de professores, tanto na especificidade do campo da literatura como da educação em geral que façam uso da escrita de forma ensaística e autoral como criação artística e de si e das artes no cotejamento da alteridade.
The dissertation investigates the formative writing simultaneously as creative and as formative process. Therefore, the background of this research is an autobiographical approach from essay (Larossa, 2006) largely tinted by the researchers poetic work in an intense dialogue with thinkers, writers and woman writers who has the word as research and artistic creation universe, including the phenomenological perspective of Gaston Bachelard, hermeneutic-symbolic of Ferreira-Santos (1998, 2004 and others), Ferreira-Santos and Almeida (2001 and 2012), Loureiro (2008), Willms (2013) and Rubira (2006 and 2015) and poets of the earth Guimarães Rosa and Manoel de Barros and poets of water Neide Arcanjo and Clarice Lispector. The poetic research during the process itself (in process) explains the difficulties, obstacles, hesitations and rich writing and poetic derived from production process, more like record than as a product. Such unusual investigative style to traditional models of academic research also backed by an Aristotelian logic and Cartesian thought, linear and thoughtful; presents itself in the unfolding investigation and imagery in word metaphors with clay, the shell, the canoe, the river and the sea, comparing the crossing as a major formative metaphor. With stylish originality, this research writing himself, tries to contribute to the initial training process of teachers in both the specificity of the field of literature and education in general to make use of writing of essays and authorial how artistic creation and himself and the arts like form to understand the alterity.

O objeto deste trabalho são os diários de Miguel Torga. Estabelecidas, de início, a distinção entre o discurso histórico e o literário, as peculiaridades do diário entre as demais formas de literatura autobiográfica e as causas do intenso proceder intimista do homem contemporâneo, buscou-se, em seguida, analisar a escrita diarística de Miguel Torga, destacando os eus que dela sobressaem e, dentre eles, o eu predominante, e verificar a ascendência do discurso literário em relação ao histórico, seja, a força poética sobre as demais funções de linguagem, em sua obra.
The object of this work are the journals of Miguel Torga. Having established, initially, the difference between the historical and the literary discourses, the peculiarities of the journal in relation to the other forms of autobiographic literature and the causes of the intense search for intimacy of the contemporary man, this investigation pursued to analyze Miguel Torgas journal production, highlighting the poetic selves therein and, among them, the predominant poetic self, and to verify the prevalence of the literary discourse in relation to the historical, or, as otherwise put, the overwhelming poetic strength with regard to the other functions of speech in his production.

Autobiography of Bone consists of a cycle of original dramatic poems and short poetic dramas which investigate the problematics of a reconceptualisation of the genre-based distinctions between poetry and drama. The work seeks to extend and then map the new territory revealed to me as a result of my experiments with form, and with the consequences that new forms have for content and meaning. The material in the cycle of poems presents and explores a multi-layered and wide-ranging, rather than unitary, response to issues of the body (specifically disability), memory and language. A concluding scholarly essay, “Orthopaedia” – Understanding the Writing Practice”, researches some of the theoretical and conceptual issues that informed the poems, including the influence of verse drama and the contemporary long poem, in an attempt to construct an archaeology of the writing process and the imagination of the writer.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Hierdie verhandeling bestaan uit die ongepubliseerde manuskrip (gedigte) ʼn blaar hierdie boot, ʼn mini-verhandeling en ʼn tuisvervaardigde CD met ʼn paar gedigte. Die studie bespreek teoretiese terme en begrippe soos outoëtnografie, individuasie en vaslegging (imprinting), uit die vakgebiede van Sielkunde, Sosiologie, Opvoedkunde en Kommunikasiekunde. Die toepaslikheid van hierdie terme ten opsigte van geselekteerde literêre tekste word genoem en geïllustreer aan die hand van spesifieke skrywers. Daar word kortliks gekyk na die verstradisies van Sjina en Japan om die verwantskap met die Afrikaanse gedigte vas te stel. Sogenaamde “close reading” word geteleskopeer op geselekteerde verse uit ʼn blaar hierdie boot. ENGLISH : This dissertation consists of an unpublished anthology of poetry, ʼn blaar hierdie boot and a dissertation of limited scope, together with a home-recorded CD of poems. The study takes stock of theoretical terms and concepts like autoethnography, individuation and imprinting from the disciplines of Psychology, Sociology, Education and Communication. The relevance of these terms regarding selected literary texts is illustrated by the mention of specific authors and poets. A brief view on poetry traditions in China and Japan is offered, to illustrate the relation to Afrikaans poetry in general and the candidate’s poems in particular. So-called close reading is applied to selected poems from ʼn blaar hierdie boot Additional information available on a CD, stored at the Merensky Library on Level 3 Copyright
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Afrikaans
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