Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autochtones – Canada – Politique et gouvernement'
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Gobit, Johanna. "Territoire politique et identités autochtones-spatialités en mutation : le cas de la communauté inuit des îles Belcher au Nunavut (Canada)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30029.
Full textOn April, 1st 1999, the creation of a third territory called Nunavut led to a reorganisation of the internal boundaries of Canada. After some 30-year negociations, Nunavut has become a territory with a strong identity, but with no ethnic meaning. The land is peopled up to 85% by Inuit natives who follow their own policy. To understand the way the Inuit have built Nunavut and now experience and dream it on a day-to-day basis, our investigation led us to a conceptual, epistemological and methodological inquiry. We first questioned the research methods that were used by our predecessors and some basic concepts underlying Western geographical notions such as that of "territory". In achieving a form of political territory, the Inuit had to fit their own conception of the territory -based on a cosmogony in which the Earth is the mother of men- to the Western ideological model of territory. By acknowledging the right men have upon the Earth, the Nunavut political territory disrupts the foundations of the inuit sense of place. When they chose to belong to Nunavut, the Inuit community of the Belcher islands turned their back on the social and spatial networks that connected them to Nunavik. They decided instead that their essential spatial identity should be linked to the core territory of Hudson Bay and James Bay. This example shows that the creation of Nunavut led to the expression of a foundational sense of place. This was mainly possible because of the way Inuit leaders negotiated with the Federal, by instilling their own cultural values at each step of the negotiations. Nunavut materializes the adjustment of a territorial model by a native ideology of space
Mejia, Mesa Oscar. "Maîtres chez-nous? : fédéralisme, fédérations et autonomie autochtone dans les Amériques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36276.
Full textIn the last decades of the twentieth century, the Americas experienced an undeniable resurgence of indigenous peoples. At the political level, that revival brought to the forefront the demands for autonomy through which Indigenous peoples sought to establish a fairer framework of relationships with the state. This dissertation examines how two federations – polities that, according to some scholars, embody the principles of federalism as combination of shared and autonomous government – respond to the demands of indigenous autonomy. Thus, based on the observation that institutional adaptation of Canadian and Mexican federations has been insufficient to meet the autonomic aspirations of Indigenous peoples, the dissertation addresses a normative exploration on the restoration of Indigenous self-government and reconciliation of Indigenous and state sovereignty through federalism.
Roy, Jean-Olivier. "Une compréhension critique des nations et du nationalisme autochtones au Canada : traditionalisme et modernité politique et étude de cas sur les Innus au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25757.
Full textThis dissertation examines the evolving nature of indigenous nations and nationalism in Canada. Nations self-identification and normative foundations of indigenous nationalism are mainly rooted in tradition and continuity. In return, we note the increasing integration of indigenous discourse in a very modern repertoire, making use of concepts such as "self-determination", "sovereignty" citizenship and "government", among others, as certain political elites and citizens actions demonstrate a modern conception of the nation. Research therefore focuses on the impact of tradition and modernity in the contemporary definition of the nation and the indigenous nationalism. This research proposes a cross perspective between political thought, empirical analysis, and normative theories. Two interpretive scenarios are considered. First, the thesis of continuity, following the primordialist approach, where one would observe among Aboriginals the presence, prior to contact with Europeans and the advent of modernity, of nations and structured political elements. It is a dominant speech among Aboriginal nationalist elites. A second scenario, derived from the theory of ethnosymbolism, does not exclude that some core elements have remained, such as myths, symbols, traditions, and that nations are formed around pre-existing ethnic cores. However, it also takes into account the evolution towards more political standards, due to the impact of modernity and the influence of surrounding nations and nationalism. This scenario is favored in the research. Following the observation of various types of contemporary indigenous nationalism in Canada, with regard to the relation with the state, its structures and the role playing by elites and citizens. Then, a case study is presented, that of the Innu in Quebec, consisting of interviews with key players, which allows to verify the validity of the interpretative scenario. In parallel, research has a considerable normative part. The latter, based on the self-determination of nations, examines the normative assumptions of Aboriginal nationalism which perform a synthesis between tradition and modernity. To conclude, some reformulation of the nature of Aboriginal nations and nationalism is proposed, in which the normative bases, mainly rooted in the past, are reconsidered by integrating and taking more modern elements as well, depending on the conclusions reached by the research.
Depelteau, Julie. "Nitaskinan, territoire : analyse des discours des représentants politiques des Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok et des gouvernements coloniaux, 1973-2004." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39368.
Full textMotard, Geneviève. "Le principe de personnalité des lois comme voie d'émancipation des peuples autochtones? : analyse critique des ententes d'autonomie gouvernementale au Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29669/29669.pdf.
Full textRulls, Mathias. "Les indigènes et la politique dans le Guatemala post-dictatorial (1985-2004)." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1042.
Full textBy the end of the XXth century, Guatemala experienced two historical events that permitted it to consider a way out of the spiral of political violence and reduce the social inequalities that have marked its history : the establishment of a democratic regime in 1985 and the end of the internal armed conflict in 1996. This new historical background established more favourable conditions to the political involvement of a majority that had, up untill then, been excluded from any kind of political participation : the Mayas. This thesis adresses the characteristics of this participation during the first twenty years of democracy (1985-2004). It focusses on three complementary angles. First, it examines the electoral behaviour of the Mayas. Second, it analyses the advances made by the Mayas in assuming elective functions. In both cases, it notes a real but insufficient progress in order to eliminate discrimation. Finally, this thesis explores three political movements among the very first in the country's history that have been created and led by indigeneous citizens. Three aspects will be considered : their origins (why and how these movements were born), their social composition (what type of person was involved outside the established political parties), and their political ideals and goals
Combres, Alain. "La question linguistique et les partis politiques québécois : 1960-1990." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010306.
Full textGély, Marie-Laure. "Le rôle de la Cour Suprême dans la répartition des compétences au Canada." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10063.
Full textAudesse, Alexandre. "Dérives et misères populistes : analyse des politiques pénales érigées, modifiées et abrogées sous le gouvernement de Stephen Harper, 2006-2015." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33748.
Full textPlébiscité à titre de 22ième Premier ministre du Canada, Stephen Harper dirigea pendant près d’une décennie un gouvernement conservateur qui, mû par une philosophie Tough on Crime, ratifia plus de cinquante politiques pénales ayant toutes comme épicentre la promotion et l’accentuation de l’usage de la force pénale. Or, il appert que les réformes pénales de l’administration Harper ne reposaient pas uniquement sur des desseins répressifs ; elles étaient également traversées par une série d’idéaux populistes. Marquée par les possibles répercussions d’une telle approche pénale, la présente recherche documente certains des aspects populistes ayant sous-tendu les politiques pénales ratifiées par le gouvernement de Stephen Harper. Pour réaliser un tel objectif, la première partie de ce mémoire illustre que le gouvernement Harper a engendré, à des fins politiques, un impetus de punitivité sans précédent dans la sphère pénale canadienne. Poussant la réflexion à un autre niveau, la seconde partie de la présente recherche est constituée d’une série d'analyses qualitatives et de réflexions critiques portant sur trois des politiques harperiennes ayant eu les impacts les plus significatifs sur le champ pénal canadien, soit les projets de loi C-2, C-10 et C-59. À la lumière de ces analyses et de ces réflexions, ce mémoire aspire à mettre en exergue diverses facettes de l’ancrage populiste du gouvernement Harper en matière pénale. Loin de se limiter à l’oeuvre pénale du gouvernement Harper ce mémoire tente également d’offrir une compréhension des réalités sous-tendant les vagues populistes et les dérives que celles-ci peuvent engendrer en justice pénale.
Elected as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper’s Conservative government ruled for close to a decade. Driven by a “Tough on Crime” philosophy, the Harper government ratified over fifty penal policies. All of these policies were centered on the promotion and increased use of penal force. It appears, however, that Harper’s penal reforms did not rest solely on such repressive intents but were also laced with a plethora of populist ideals. Struck by the implications of such a penal approach, this study is built on the necessity to document the populist aspects undergirding Harper’s penal policies. To achieve such an objective, the first part of this thesis illustrates that the Harper government created, under political imperatives, an unprecedented punitivity impetus on the Canadian penal scene. Pushing the reflection to another level, the second part of this thesis consists in a series of qualitative analyses and critical reflections on three of Harper’s penal policies which had the most significant impacts for the Canadian penal field: Bills are C-2, C-10 and C-59. From these analyses, this thesis highlights various aspects of the Harper government's penal populist stance. Going well beyond the penal work of the Harper government, this thesis also attempts to offer an understanding of the realities behind populist waves and drifts that can occur in Criminal justice.
Ives, Andrew. "De la grandeur de la Nation à la Recherche du Bonheur individuel : la montée progressive de l'individualisme libéral au Canada 1896-1997." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081844.
Full textTsekenis, Émile. "Les autochtones et le chasseur : essai de définition du rapport entre le rituel et le politique pour une chefferie bamilékée (ouest-Cameroun)." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA114.
Full textBouchard, Joanie, and Joanie Bouchard. "Politique et préjugés : l'influence des stéréotypes liés à l'ethnicité, au genre et à l'âge sur le comportement politique = Politics and Prejudice : the influence of ethnicity-based, gender-based, and age-based stereotypes on political behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38120.
Full textRésuméCette thèse s’intéresse à l’impact du genre, de l’âge et de l’ethnicité des chef·fes de partis au Canada sur la réception de leur candidature par les électeur·rices. La perception sociale est intrinsèquement relationnelle et met autant en scène l’identité du/de la candidat·e que de l’électeur·rice. Par conséquent, cette thèse s’attarde à la fois au profil sociodémographique des chef·fes de partis et des électeur·ices qui sont appelé·es à les évaluer. Ce faisant, elle contribue aux champs des études électorales et de la psychologie politique.Trois méthodes complémentaires sont employées. La première partie de la thèse s’appuie sur une analyse quantitative de données électorales fédérales (1988-2015) ainsi que dans trois provinces canadiennes (Québec (2012-2014), Alberta (2012) et Colombie Britannique (2013)). Elle s’intéresse à l’évaluation des chef·fes de partis ainsi qu’aux intentions de vote en fonction du profil sociodémographique des leaders politiques et des électeur·rices en ancrant fermement l’analyse dans le contexte social et politique canadien. Pour finir, un dernier chapitre présentant une analyse quantitative de démocraties occidentales (l’Allemagne (2017), la Nouvelle-Zélande (2017), la France (2017) et les États-Unis (2016)) permet de mettre les conclusionstirées au sujet du Canada en perspective. La seconde partie de cette thèse présente deux expériences, l’une réalisée en laboratoire à l’Université Laval et l’autre en ligne. Basées surdes élections fictives mettant en scène des candidat·es varié·es en termes de genre, d’âge etd’ethnicité, ces expériences s’attardent à la teneur de la relation causale entre l’apparencede candidats et le comportement politique des électeur·rices. La dernière partie de la thèse consiste, quant à elle, en l’analyse de données qualitatives recueillies lors de six groupes de discussion ayant eu lieu entre 2018 et 2019 à l’Université Laval. Trois d’entre eux ont été réalisés avec des personnes ayant participé à l’expérience en laboratoire, et trois autres suites à un appel de volontaires. L’étude de ces discussions met en lumière le mécanisme causal à l’étude en identifiant la teneur des stéréotypes politiques basés sur le genre, l’âge et l’ethnicité au Québec ainsi que la façon dont des stéréotypes sont employés, réprimés, pensés et remis en question par l’électorat. En particulier, cette section de la thèse s’attarde à la possibilité d’inférence de valeurs et d’idées politiques en fonction du profil et de l’apparence d’un·e candidat·e. La principale conclusion de cet ouvrage est le caractère conditionnel, mais bien réel, des comportements politiques pouvant être qualifiés d’affinitaires (liés a l’appui politique de candidat·es partageant des caractéristiques sociodémographiques avec des électeur·ices) au Canada et basés sur l’apparence des candidat·es politique. En d’autres mots, les électeurs sont bel et bien au courant des narratifs sociaux entourant la présence de personnes issues de groupes historiquement marginalisés dans l’arène politique, et ils emploient et questionnent les notions préconçues liées à certains groupes sociaux à différents degrés. Bien que les stéréotypes associés à l’"outsider" politique s’avère parfois nettement divergents du profil du politicien dittypique, cette déviation face à la norme politique n’est pas systématiquement sanctionnée.Dépendant du profil de l’électeur, des idéologies qu’il porte et de l’offre politique en place àun moment donné, cette marginalité peut être activement recherchée, car associée à la per-formance de "la politique autrement" ou encore à une meilleure représentation politique d’ungroupe social auquel l’électeur peut s’identifier. Un survol de l’état de la question dans d’autresdémocraties occidentales soulève cependant la question des règles du jeu politique. Il révèleque ces comportements politiques au Canada en contexte électoral ressemblent davantage auxphénomènes observés lors d’élections présidentielles que lorsqu’il est question d’autres régimesparlementaires s’appuyant quant à eu sur un mode de scrutin proportionnel mixte.
This thesis examines the impact of the gender, age, and ethnicity of party leaders in Canada on the way these candidates are received by electors. Social perception is intrinsically relational and puts as much emphasis on the identity of the candidate as the voter. Consequently, this thesis focuses on both the socio-demographic profile of party leaders and the electors who are called upon to evaluate them. In doing so, she contributes to the fields of electoral studies and political psychology. To do this, three complementary research methods are employed. The first part of the thesis is based on a quantitative analysis of federal electoral data (1988-2015) as well as three Canadian provinces (Quebec (2012-2014), Alberta (2012) and British Columbia (2013)). It looks at the evaluation of party leaders and votes intentions according to the socio-demographic profile of political leaders and voters. The analysis is firmly anchored in the Canadian social and political context. However, a last chapter presenting a quantitative analysis of Western democracies (Germany (2017), New Zealand (2017), France (2017) and the United States (2016)) provides a different perspective on the conclusions drawn in about Canada. The second part of thist hesis presents two experiments, one done in a laboratory at Université Laval and the other online. Based on fictitious elections featuring diverse candidates in terms of gender, age and ethnicity, these experiments focus on the content of the causal relationship between the appearance of candidates and voters’ political behaviour. The last part of the thesis consists in the analysis of qualitative data collected during six discussion groups held between 2018 and 2019 at Université Laval. Three of them were done with people who had participated in the lab experiment, and three others after a call for volunteers. The analysis of these discussions highlights the causal mechanism under study by identifying the content of political stereotypes based on gender, age, and ethnicity in Quebec as well as the way stereotypes are used, repressed, thought out, and questioned by the electorate. In particular, this section of the thesis focuses on the possibility of inferring values and political ideas based on the appearance of a candidate. The main conclusion of this work is the conditional, but very real, occurrence of political be-haviours that can be described as affinity-based (linked to the political support of candidates sharing socio-demographic characteristics with electors) in Canada. In other words, voters are well aware of the social narratives surrounding the presence of people from historically marginalized groups in the political arena, and they use and question preconceived notions related to these groups to different degrees. Although a particular set of characteristics maybe associated with the political "outsider", this deviation from the political norm is not systematically sanctioned. Depending on the profile of voters, the ideologies they carry and the political offer in place at a given moment, this marginality can be actively sought, because associated with the performance of "politics differently" or the better political representation of a social group to which the elector can identify. An overview of the state of affairs in other Western democracies, however, raises the question of the rules of the political game. It reveals that these political behaviours in Canada are more similar to the phenomena observed in pres-idential elections than when we look at other parliamentary systems using mixed proportional voting.
This thesis examines the impact of the gender, age, and ethnicity of party leaders in Canada on the way these candidates are received by electors. Social perception is intrinsically relational and puts as much emphasis on the identity of the candidate as the voter. Consequently, this thesis focuses on both the socio-demographic profile of party leaders and the electors who are called upon to evaluate them. In doing so, she contributes to the fields of electoral studies and political psychology. To do this, three complementary research methods are employed. The first part of the thesis is based on a quantitative analysis of federal electoral data (1988-2015) as well as three Canadian provinces (Quebec (2012-2014), Alberta (2012) and British Columbia (2013)). It looks at the evaluation of party leaders and votes intentions according to the socio-demographic profile of political leaders and voters. The analysis is firmly anchored in the Canadian social and political context. However, a last chapter presenting a quantitative analysis of Western democracies (Germany (2017), New Zealand (2017), France (2017) and the United States (2016)) provides a different perspective on the conclusions drawn in about Canada. The second part of thist hesis presents two experiments, one done in a laboratory at Université Laval and the other online. Based on fictitious elections featuring diverse candidates in terms of gender, age and ethnicity, these experiments focus on the content of the causal relationship between the appearance of candidates and voters’ political behaviour. The last part of the thesis consists in the analysis of qualitative data collected during six discussion groups held between 2018 and 2019 at Université Laval. Three of them were done with people who had participated in the lab experiment, and three others after a call for volunteers. The analysis of these discussions highlights the causal mechanism under study by identifying the content of political stereotypes based on gender, age, and ethnicity in Quebec as well as the way stereotypes are used, repressed, thought out, and questioned by the electorate. In particular, this section of the thesis focuses on the possibility of inferring values and political ideas based on the appearance of a candidate. The main conclusion of this work is the conditional, but very real, occurrence of political be-haviours that can be described as affinity-based (linked to the political support of candidates sharing socio-demographic characteristics with electors) in Canada. In other words, voters are well aware of the social narratives surrounding the presence of people from historically marginalized groups in the political arena, and they use and question preconceived notions related to these groups to different degrees. Although a particular set of characteristics maybe associated with the political "outsider", this deviation from the political norm is not systematically sanctioned. Depending on the profile of voters, the ideologies they carry and the political offer in place at a given moment, this marginality can be actively sought, because associated with the performance of "politics differently" or the better political representation of a social group to which the elector can identify. An overview of the state of affairs in other Western democracies, however, raises the question of the rules of the political game. It reveals that these political behaviours in Canada are more similar to the phenomena observed in pres-idential elections than when we look at other parliamentary systems using mixed proportional voting.
Labrecque, Charles-Louis. "L'évolution des politiques du Canada à l'égard des droits de la personne en Chine (1984-2014) : l'influence des premiers ministres." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26519.
Full textLeblanc, Jean-François. "L'enjeu de la taxation et le débat démocratique dans la Province du Canada, 1841-1856." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33249.
Full textIn the mid-nineteenth century, the Province of Canada gradually gained greater financial independence, as the result both of colonial demands and changes in broader imperial policy. These changes occurred at a time when the role of the state itself was changing, raising debates about the position it should occupy. Taxation was central to these concerns, since it brought up issues concerning both democracy and governance. This thesis explores the debate on taxation from the perspective of the rationalization of thinking about the state. It focuses on the parliamentary debates of the Province of Canada between 1841 and 1856. Rationalization led to the creation of categories and the standardization of law, which in turn resulted in the universalization of fiscal measures. This can be seen through the introduction of the user-pay principle for public services and the decline in recourse to moral criteria to justify taxation.
Rivard, Andrée. "Le député Armand Lavergne et son rôle d'intermédiaire (1904-1908, 1930-1935)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29434.
Full textDuval, Dominic. "Les promesses électorales : mise en œuvre, perceptions et couverture médiatique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31749.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation is composed of three articles related to electoral pledges in Canada. In the first article, we highlight the importance of accounting for time in the study of pledge fulfillment, effectively adding a significant element to the ongoing academic discussions of the factors that influence the fulfillment of party promises. Unlike previous analyses in which pledge fulfillment is assumed to be a uniform process occurring over time, we analyze party pledge fulfillment using a discrete time approach: doing so highlights yet unobserved dynamics. More precisely, we find that if the government does not enact pledges within the first half of its mandate, the probability of these pledges ever being fulfilled drops drastically. The discrete time modeling approach also allows us to investigate the relationships existing between the budget balance and pledge fulfillment more thoroughly. Our research also extends the study of pledge fulfillment to a new case, the province of Quebec, for the period of 1994–2014 encompassing six governments. Finally, we also conduct similar analyses on Canadian pledge fulfillment data spanning seven successive governments from 1993 to 2015. This study analyzes a total of 1431 manually coded election pledges. In the second article, we examine citizens’ evaluations of specific campaign pledge fulfillment using data from the 2015 Canadian Election Study. We find that the accuracy of these evaluations increases in the presence of factors related to citizens’ informed judgments, namely political knowledge and the relative importance of each pledge. On the other hand, we find that citizens’ evaluations often turn on factors not based on informed judgments but rather on group identities and a priori beliefs, including partisan identification and political trust. The presence of these factors does not to increase the likelihood of accuracy of pledge evaluations. We also find, through a split ballot experiment, that even though a change in question wording affects the tone of pledge evaluations, it does not affect their accuracy. In the third article, we investigate the portrayal of electoral pledges in the news media. We know very little about the portrayal of electoral pledges in news media which is problematic because we do know the majority of citizens do not read electoral platforms, budgets, bills, etc. and as such obtain the information they need from the media. More precisely, this article investigates whether the media alert citizens when a pledge is broken? This study covers the 244 pledges made by the government party, the Conservative Party, during the 2011 and 2008 Canadian elections. Our period ranges from the 2008 election (07/09/2008) to the end of the 2011 mandate (08/04/2015). This study finds that the news media do alert citizens when a pledge is broken and that what is often described as the “Burglar alarm model” in political communication provides an apt description of the dynamics at play in the coverage of electoral pledges.
Alba, Virginie. "Les productions littéraires de Jeannette C. Armstrong, Beth Brant et Lee Maracle : des exemples de l'activisme politique chez les femmes autochtones au Canada : une approche non-autochtone." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20115.
Full textThis thesis’ title reflects the topics which are dealt with in it as well as the perspective with which they are looked into, that is to say in a sympathetic and critical way, with a strong awareness of my own identity. This work finds its context within the frame work of a self-reflexive use of the feminist, postmodern and postcolonial theories in which the latter are applied to themselves. From the study of the literature considered here and following the theoretical questioning movement and the reading positions taken in this study, the dominating modern, feminist, postmodern and postcolonial theories in the literary, sociological, anthropological and political fields will be evaluated. The partial inadequacies of these theories as related to the realities and the goals pursued by native women in Canada will be unveiled. Drawing inspiration from native authors and native literature in general, and in particular from the theoretical contributions made in those fields by the authors and their writings, this thesis will outline the theoretical intertextuality of these texts attempt to shed some light on what the authors borrow and reject from these theories. This thesis also attempts to understand the diversity in the definitions of nativeness and Canadianness as well as the relations between orality and literature, between feminism end nativeness, two-spiritedness and nativeness and between traditions and renewed traditions. This research is organized to stand for an exchange space on the topic of the role and characteristics of women, men, “minorities”, of their speech acts in the states/nations/pluricultural or multicultural societies as well as an exchange space on the topic of the literary, philosophical, social, political orientations of today and tomorrow’s democratic societies. This work also attempts to show the necessity for the diffusion of the contents of these so-called minority authors and actor’s speech acts. At the same time, it also means to demonstrate that though the stakes of the multiple translations’ process implied are important and that the dangers of theoretical manicheisms and essentialisms this diffusion process involves are important, these works nonetheless reveal the imperative aspects of the realization of the communication negotiations bore by the translations
Vézeau, Nicolas. "Le lobbying du Conseil inuit circumpolaire et la dichotomie discursive du gouvernement Harper au sujet des changements climatiques : le chaînon manquant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27902/27902.pdf.
Full textPoirier, Christian. "Cinéma et politique au Québec : la question identitaire dans l'imaginaire filmique et les politiques publiques." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40042.
Full textThis thesis examines how and under which forms Quebec's identity was expressed, in the course of the 20th century, both in the filmic imaginary and the government's policies (Quebec and Canada) taking the cinema as a sector of their global public policies. Three parts structure the thesis. A first part "theoretical narratives", lay down the foundations of an hermeneutic of identitynarratives, using particularly the works of Paul Ricoeur. The second part, "fimic narratives", brings to light the presence of five time periods shapered by two identity narratives structuring. .
Bruandet, Evelyne. "Le modèle canadien à l'épreuve des années 1980." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21025.
Full textLike many former colonies, Canada has been looking for an identity distinct from its two mother-countries, France and the United Kingdom, but above all from its overpowering neighbor to the south, the United States. This obsessive quest for identity led, during the 1970s, to the creation of a bilingual and multicultural social-democracy. Yet hardly was this model defined when it was faced with the political and constitutional turmoil of the 1980s: a series of agreements and referendums endeavored to meet the various claims of Québec separatists, native populations, and the western provinces, all of whom questioned the federal structure. The first part of the study traces the difficult construction of the Canadians’ self-image and confronts it with the perception of foreign observers (limited to the three countries mentioned above). An analysis of the representation of Canada as it appears in a selection of the French, British and American weekly press then follows the evolution of this complex mirror game during the 1980s, whose impact on the Canadian image was minor yet perceptible. The rhetorical systems and projections of the nineteenth century linger on, but the model of a federation allowing peaceful coexistence between ethnic groups seems to have suffered from the turbulent decade and to have given way to a model of political experimentation and democratic debate. The portrait tells as much about the artist as about the subject: the observers' discourse on Canada is revealing of their own self-images and their continuing ideological debate about the vocation of the new world
Paquet, Marie-Ève. "Vivre ensemble au quotidien : expérience urbaine des autochtones et des non-autochtones à l’ère du vivir bien à El Alto et La Paz en Bolivie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40079.
Full textEn Bolivie, l’élection du président autochtone Evo Morales en 2005 et la réforme constitutionnelle de 2009, intégrant le concept ancestral du vivir bien ont fait couler beaucoup d’encre ces dernières années. Alors que la plupart des ouvrages se penchent principalement sur l’apport théorique du vivir bien, ce mémoire cherche à enrichir la compréhension de ce concept dans sa dimension pratique et locale. Ce mémoire porte plus particulièrement sur l’expérience urbaine des autochtones, principalement des Aymaras, et des non-autochtones dans leur quête du bien-vivre à La Paz et à El Alto, en Bolivie. L’analyse se penche principalement sur la négociation des identités en mettant en lumière les différentes dimensions, tant politiques, économiques, sociales, culturelles qu’artistiques, du quotidien des autochtones, mais aussi des non-autochtones. En particulier, ce mémoire explore les stratégies d’affirmation mises en avant pour se sentir bien, notamment la création de réseaux, le maintien de pratiques rituelles et la participation à diverses manifestations culturelles et artistiques dont l’entrada folclórica universitaria, un festival folklorique auxquels prennent part les étudiants. -- Mots-clés : vivir bien, identité, authenticité, anthropologie urbaine, fête, danse, culture, LaPaz, El Alto, Bolivie.
In Bolivia, the election of indigenous president Evo Morales in 2005 and the constitutional reform of 2009, incorporating the ancestral concept of living well have been the subject of much attention in recent years. While most books primarily focus on the theoretical contribution of the living well concept, this thesis seeks to enrich the understanding of its practical and local dimensions. This thesis examines the urban experience of Indigenous people, mainly Aymaras, and non-Indigenous people in their pursuit of living well in La Paz and El Alto, in Bolivia. The analysis focuses on the negotiation of identities by highlighting the different dimensions, both political, economic, social, cultural and artistic, of the everyday lives of Indigenous people, but also of non-Indigenous people. This thesis more specifically explores the affirmation strategies put forward to feel good, including the creation of networks, the preservation of ritual practices and the participation in various cultural and artistic activities including the entrada folclórica universitaria, a university festival in which students partake. -- Keywords: Aymaras, living well, identity, authenticity, urban anthropology, fiesta, dance,culture, La Paz, El Alto, Bolivia.
En Bolivia, la elección del presidente indígena Evo Morales en 2005 y la reformaconstitucional de 2009, que incorpora el concepto ancestral del vivir bien, han sido objeto de mucha atención en los últimos años. Si bien la mayoría de los libros se enfocan en la contribución teórica del vivir bien, esta tesis busca enriquecer la comprensión de este concepto en su dimensión práctica y local. Esta tesis se centra en la experiencia urbana de los indígenas, principalmente los Aymaras y de los no indígenas en su búsqueda del vivir bien en La Paz y El Alto, en Bolivia. El análisis se enfoca en la negociación de identidades, destacando las diferentes dimensiones, tanto políticas, económicas, sociales, culturales y artísticas, de la vida cotidiana de los indígenas, como también de los no indígenas. En particular, esta tesis explora las estrategias de afirmación presentadas para sentirse bien, incluyendo la creación de redes, el mantenimiento de prácticas rituales y la participación en diversos eventos culturales y artísticos, como la entrada folclórica universitaria, un festival universitario al que participan varios estudiantes. -- Palabras claves: Aymaras, vivir bien, identidad, autenticidad, antropología urbana, fiesta, baile, cultura, La Paz, El Alto, Bolivia.
Castonguay, René. "Chevalier servant ou chevalier errant? : le système de partis et ses effets sur l'individualisme politique : Rodolphe Lemieux et le parti libéral, 1866-1937." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25224.pdf.
Full textGenest, Philippe, and Philippe Genest. "La construction de l'idée de la souveraineté territoriale par le discours politique : étude de cas du gouvernement du Canada par rapport à l'Arctique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22368.
Full textDe toutes les manifestations du réchauffement climatique planétaire, une des plus évidentes est sans aucun doute la fonte de la calotte polaire arctique. À mesure que les glaces pluriannuelles de l’Arctique disparaissent, la dernière frontière géostratégique de la Terre émerge. L’ouverture du mythique passage du Nord-Ouest laisse alors présager l’accès aux ressources naturelles dont regorge l’Arctique et ramène à la vie le fantasme des explorateurs des derniers siècles de raccourcir par plusieurs milliers de kilomètres le passage maritime entre l’Asie et l’Europe. Depuis quelques années, ce scénario a ravivé le débat sur l’Arctique et les questions de souveraineté qui l’entourent, un sujet sensible pour le Canada, notamment en raison de ses significations identitaires. Le théâtre arctique est donc la scène de plusieurs revendications territoriales, mais également de nombreuses spéculations sur la manière dont celles-ci se régleront. Conséquemment, les discours politiques des représentants du gouvernement canadien ont été nombreux dans les dernières années à affirmer haut et fort la vision souveraine du Canada sur sa portion de l’Arctique. Le projet de recherche qui suit vise à étudier le rôle que ces discours jouent dans la construction sociale de la souveraineté du Canada en Arctique.
Of all the manifestations of global warming, one of the most obvious is undoubtedly the melting of the Arctic polar icecap. As the multi-year ices of the Arctic disappear, the last geostrategic frontier of the Earth emerges. The opening of the mythical Northwest Passage foreshadows access to the natural resources which abound in the Arctic, and resuscitates the unrealised desires of past centuries’ explorers to shorten by several thousand miles the sea passage between Asia and Europe. In recent years, this scenario has reignited the debate over the Arctic, as well as issues of sovereignty surrounding it, a sensitive topic for Canada, particularly because of the Arctic’s role in its meanings of identity. The Arctic theatre is therefore the scene of various territorial claims, but also of several speculations as to how they will be settled. As a result, political discourses of Canadian government officials have been numerous in recent years to affirm loud and clear the sovereign vision of Canada on its portion of the Arctic. The following research aims to study the role played by these discourses in the social construction of Canada’s sovereignty in the Arctic.
Of all the manifestations of global warming, one of the most obvious is undoubtedly the melting of the Arctic polar icecap. As the multi-year ices of the Arctic disappear, the last geostrategic frontier of the Earth emerges. The opening of the mythical Northwest Passage foreshadows access to the natural resources which abound in the Arctic, and resuscitates the unrealised desires of past centuries’ explorers to shorten by several thousand miles the sea passage between Asia and Europe. In recent years, this scenario has reignited the debate over the Arctic, as well as issues of sovereignty surrounding it, a sensitive topic for Canada, particularly because of the Arctic’s role in its meanings of identity. The Arctic theatre is therefore the scene of various territorial claims, but also of several speculations as to how they will be settled. As a result, political discourses of Canadian government officials have been numerous in recent years to affirm loud and clear the sovereign vision of Canada on its portion of the Arctic. The following research aims to study the role played by these discourses in the social construction of Canada’s sovereignty in the Arctic.
De todas las manifestaciones del calentamiento global, una de las más obvias es el derretimiento del Ártico. A medida que los hielos plurianuales del Ártico desaparecen, surge la última frontera geoestratégica de le Tierra. El mítico paso del Noroeste hace posible el acceso a los recursos naturales que abundan en el Ártico, y vuelve realidad el sueño de los exploradores de siglos pasados de reducir miles de kilómetros de pasaje marítimo entre Asia y Europa. En los últimos años, este escenario ha intensificado el debate acerca del Ártico y las cuestiones de soberanía que lo rodean, un tema sensible para Canadá, especialmente por el significado identitario. El teatro ártico es entonces el escenario de varias reivindicaciones territoriales, pero también de muchas especulaciones sobre la manera en que éstas serán resueltas. Como consecuencia, en los últimos años han habido diversos discursos políticos por parte de los representantes del gobierno canadiense para reafirmar de manera clara su soberanía en el Ártico. Este proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el papel que éste discurso de soberanía desempeña en la construcción social de la soberanía de Canadá en el Ártico.
De todas las manifestaciones del calentamiento global, una de las más obvias es el derretimiento del Ártico. A medida que los hielos plurianuales del Ártico desaparecen, surge la última frontera geoestratégica de le Tierra. El mítico paso del Noroeste hace posible el acceso a los recursos naturales que abundan en el Ártico, y vuelve realidad el sueño de los exploradores de siglos pasados de reducir miles de kilómetros de pasaje marítimo entre Asia y Europa. En los últimos años, este escenario ha intensificado el debate acerca del Ártico y las cuestiones de soberanía que lo rodean, un tema sensible para Canadá, especialmente por el significado identitario. El teatro ártico es entonces el escenario de varias reivindicaciones territoriales, pero también de muchas especulaciones sobre la manera en que éstas serán resueltas. Como consecuencia, en los últimos años han habido diversos discursos políticos por parte de los representantes del gobierno canadiense para reafirmar de manera clara su soberanía en el Ártico. Este proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el papel que éste discurso de soberanía desempeña en la construcción social de la soberanía de Canadá en el Ártico.
Coignet, Patricia Claire Marie. "La gestion de politiques publiques par les organisations internationales envers les peuples indigènes : étude du projet PRODEPINE de la Banque mondiale en Equateur (1998-2002)." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30017.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to underline the respective roles of international, national and local actors in the elaboration and execution of a development project considered like a public policy. Indeed we have chosen to study a particular public policy: the PRODEPINE development project financed by the World Bank. With the view to understand the public action, we will identify the actors which are of a very heteregenous nature : the indigenous organizations, the Ecuadorian State and the World Bank. We will analyze a series of actions and public programs of this project as well as the conditions of success and failure of the different segments : the indigenous population's struggle against poverty, the creation of an indigenous elite and also the reinforcement of their social organizations with the aim of improving their insertion in the Ecuadorian society
Bherer, Laurence. "La politique consultative de la ville de Québec : une lecture institutionnaliste du phénomène participatif." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40044.
Full textMichaud, Nelson. "La carrière politique fédérale d'Esioff-Léon Patenaude (1915-1926) ou L'affirmation continue du nationalisme canadien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29339.
Full textBelkhodja, Chedly. "Un nouvel acteur politique populiste de droite : le parti Confederation of regions (COR) au Nouveau-Brunswick (Canada), de 1984 à 1995." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40032.
Full textWestern democracies are witnessing the growth of new political parties : particularly right-wing populist parties. These parties are positioning themselves as actor of change against traditional parties experiencing difficulties. Drawing from a vaste literature on the partisan change and right-wing populism in western europe, our thesis studies the emergence and the success of the confederation of regions party (cor) in new brunswick (canada). Born in 1989, the party will expand rapidly through the province with the help of a populist program, promoting himself as an actor of change compared to the static profile of traditional parties. Our research presents various empirical results and compares them to other studies done on right-wing populist parties
Savard, Stéphane. ""Je t'aime, moi non plus" : réceptivité et identités des membres des élites franco-ontariennes vis-à-vis du gouvernement Trudeau, 1968-1984." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18049.
Full textSaint-Louis, Virginie. "Les organisations non gouvernementales et l'État : leurs relations dans le cadre de la politique canadienne de développement international." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010289.
Full textLavoie, Michel. ""C'est ma seigneurie que je réclame" : la lutte des Hurons de Lorette pour la seigneurie de Sillery, 1760-1888." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18142.
Full textGuimendego, Maurice. "Les populations du Centre-Est de l'Oubangui-Chari (actuelle Centrafrique) face à l'implantation coloniale française 1900-1945 : contribution à l'étude des résistances anticoloniales." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0061.
Full textRouvière, Laetitia. "A la frontière de l'Etat : gouvernement et territorialités aymaras au Chili." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH037/document.
Full textHow are the borders redefined by the “territorialities” which cross them? Which actors use these cross-border territorialities? What room is left to the state, when the local authorities living on the border refer to an indigenous culture, which preexisted to the nation, to (re)build a territory? The recent dynamics of the Aymara cross-border co-operation between Chile, Peru and Bolivia question the political and territorial reconfigurations which affect a fundamental state institution: the border. This doctoral thesis analyzes the cross-border public policies led by Aymaras rural mayors, according to a long-term approach of the construction of the Chilean state. By comprehending the state through its political, social and territorial peripheries, we study the networks of actors who take part in the transformations of the governance of the territory. The permanence of political and administrative actions on the border on one hand, the uses of inherited institutional roles on the other, show that beyond its alleged weakening, the state is paradoxically strengthened, through a complex securitization process of a diplomatically disputed cross-border area
Juno-Delgado, Edwin. "Le patrimoine au Pérou en questions : réflexions dans une perspective comparative latino-américaine." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOD001.
Full textBy overcoming differences of culture, civilization, and by exceeding the limits of space and time, the concept of cultural heritage is essential everywhere in the world. This concept, which in recent years has made great strides, benefiting from the context of universalization and cultural and environmental crisis, is in the process of rapidly widening and adapting to new data and new actors. Trying to shed light on this evolution implies certainly the study of the action of time, on a given space. Peru, together with Brazil and Mexico, is one of the most privileged Latin-American countries with a number of sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The geographical framework and the historical evolution have forged an immense variety of objects, sites and monuments, natural and cultural, but also of immaterial cultural events. All these forms of heritage are laid claim to by the Nation-State as belonging to a single vast entity called national heritage. However, other actors - in particular the indigenous peoples – lay to claim to a heritage which is their own. Today, this heritage is in search of recognition. This recognition goes hand in hand with the historical evolution of the recognition of the basic rights of the indigenous peoples and it constitutes one of the cornerstones of the construction of a multicultural Nation-State in Peru. Moreover, most of the heritage in Peru has survived thanks to the presence and to the methods of the indigenous peoples. These methods are a viable alternative of protection and safeguarding of the heritage in opposition to the failure of the national system of protection of the heritage
Capitaine, Brieg. "Autochtonie et modernité : l'expérience des Innus au Canada." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0122.
Full textThe concept of modernity is intrinsically based on a break marking the boundary between modern society and the past. Indigenous peoples thus represent a real test case for social scientists who were able to observe in situ the multiple facets of the advent of a world that promised much freedom and progress but also uncertainty and lack of freedom. How do indigenous peoples experience modernity and what meaning do they give to their actions? This thesis is based on the ethnography of two Innu reserves in Quebec, more than thirty semi-structured interviews with actors of both communities, and an analysis of American Indian politics, legal documents and newspaper articles. This thesis focuses on the individuals without neglecting the forms of power that influence them, and explores the tension that indigenous societies experience in the creation of modern societies. While for over thirty years, the Innu fought for freedom and resisted the Canadian state, their actions also contributed to their confinement in a collective identity of victimization. This paradox inherent to the the indigenous movement took not the downfall of the Canadian nation-state, but rather one of the actors in its resurgence. Finally, aside from some political action that has been deemed destructive, certain individuals have taken it upon themselves to create a society that is no longer determined by the rules of the existing social system, but is a product of the identity of those at «the bottom». In conclusion, this thesis explores, through the double analysis of the subjectification by freedom, and of the political action for freedom, the tension that characterizes indigenous modernity
Beauregard, Claude. "Guerre et censure : l'expérience des journaux, des militaires et de la population pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22936.
Full textBergeron, David. "Philosophies, cultures politiques et représentations de l'Autochtone aux États-Unis et au Canada, 18e et 19e siècles." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6714.
Full textGoulet, Danièle. "Louis-Philippe Pelletier : un exemple du douloureux mariage du mouvement nationaliste et du parti conservateur fédéral (1911-1914)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17653.
Full textBéland, François. "F.D. Monk, le Parti conservateur fédéral et l'idée d'un Canada pour les canadiens (1896-1914)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29137.
Full textLeblanc-Savoie, Félix, and Félix Leblanc-Savoie. "Définir le rôle du Canada dans un monde en mutation : les parlementaires canadiens face à la fin de la guerre froide et la dissolution de l'Union soviétique, 1989-1991." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37605.
Full textEn 1989, la politique du gouvernement progressiste-conservateur de Brian Mulroney vis-à-vis de l’Union soviétique se trouve à la croisée des chemins. La politique réformatrice de Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, arrivé à la tête de l’URSS en 1985, provoque un changement de politique de ce gouvernement, réclamé à plusieurs reprises par les parlementaires de l’Opposition. Lors du premier semestre de 1990, les parlementaires canadiens conduisent une vaste étude sur l’avenir des relations entre le Canada et l’Europe, Union soviétique incluse. Si la philosophie générale des conclusions de cette étude diffère de celle de la politique choisie par le gouvernement Mulroney, ce dernier reprend une partie des recommandations des parlementaires. La fin de l’année 1990 marque le début du dépassement de la guerre froide et d’une coopération Est-Ouest renouvelée que les parlementaires canadiens approuvent. Toutefois, l’année 1991 voit se succéder plusieurs crises sur lesquelles ils doivent prendre position et, par la suite, mesurer les conséquences de la dissolution à plus ou moins brève échéance de l’Union soviétique au cours des derniers mois de 1991. Au cours de leurs débats, deux options se font face : suivre une politique semblable à celle des États-Unis ou bien remettre en valeur la tradition internationaliste et multilatérale de la politique étrangère canadienne.
Sawaya, Jean-Pierre. "Les Sept-Nations du Canada et les Britanniques, 1759-1774 : alliance et dépendance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66334.pdf.
Full textInda, Marchiando Daniele. "Devenir(s) autochtones. Contribution à une sociologie de l'engagement identitaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH055.
Full textThis doctoral thesis on the identity mobilizations of the Huichol population of Nayarit in Mexico aims to contribute to the understanding of the emergence of indigenous movements in the second half of the twentieth century. Following the many scientific works on this subject, our research documents how the emergence of this kind of mobilization is linked, in part, to the implementation of public policies for the conservation and the patrimonialization of indigenous cultures. However, our research also reveals that these objective political opportunities aren't sufficient to explain the phenomenon. Indeed, social stratification processes have given rise to the emergence of segments of the population who carry knowledge and skills that can be both transposed to identity mobilizations and contribute to produce valued conception of Amerindian cultures. Thus, identity activism does not come from a purely instrumental logic: it is also the product of deeply internalized dispositions. Only the articulation of these elements can help explain the genesis of the phenomenon. Ultimately, the emergence of the indigenous movement is the product of a sociogenesis resulting from a convergence of various socio-historical processes, the main ones being : the emergence of a field of political possibilities favorable to the development of identity mobilizations, the emergence of segments of the population endowed with the skills necessary for the investment of this space, and finally, a system of beliefs favorable to the genesis of this form of identity activism
Blais, Christian. "Aux sources du parlementarisme dans la Province de Québec, 1764-1791." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37604.
Full textThis thesis demonstrates that the foundations of Quebec parliamentarism precede the Constitutional Act of 1791; that the members of the Quebec Council (1764-1775) and those of the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec (1775-1791) adopt British parliamentary usages and traditions for the purpose of legislating; that a legislature can consist solely of non-elected members; in short, in the second half of the eighteenth century, parliamentarism in the Province of Quebec was defined differently than parliamentarism in Great Britain or other British North American colonies. An analysis of the minutes of the legislative bodies of the Province of Quebec traces the origins of Quebec parliamentary customs. By comparing the Quebec Council and the Legislative Council with the Parliament of Westminster, the Parliament of Lower Canada and the parliaments of certain British North American colonies, we are able to observe that there was, from 1764 to 1791, an rudimentary parliamentarism, but a parliamentarism all the same in its form, its uses and its traditions.
Ciavolella, Riccardo. "Le pouvoir aux marges : les Fulaabe et l' État mauritanien." Paris, EHESS, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292887.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the relationship of some pastoral Fulani (FulaaBe) with the Mauritanian State, referring to a 13-months fieldwork in the capital city and a southern region (border with Mali). Living in the margins of state control, the FulaaBe have been incorporated into the state only in the '80s. This allows to understand how the historical trajectory of the group and the state-building process cross. Thus, the study focuses on two dynamics : on one hand, the construction of social and political marginality by logics of inclusion and exclusion from citizenship ("ethnic"persecutions of 1989, "autochtony" discourses, elitism and governance); and on the other, marginal citizens' strategies and tactics to cope with their condition (informal practices, political imaginaries, urban-rural relationships, associations, political criticism)
Fuente, David de la. "Défis stratégiques et aporie politique : les mouvements de lutte armée au Guatemala 1960-1990." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL172.
Full textGuatemala is not the largest country in Central America, but it is the most populous. Its main characteristic, besides its particularly mountainous relief, is its social structure, marked by a high rate of native population: about 60%. This country, like El Salvador or Nicaragua, is mainly known for the armed conflict that took place on its territory between 1960 and 1996. But unlike the Nicaraguan Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) and the Salvadoran Frente Farabundo Martí de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG) failed. Our study concerns the reasons for this failure, and focuses on internal tensions and struggles for power guerrilla warfare and its relationship with indigenous peoples during the conflict. Our work provides an analysis of the inner workings of the guerrillas, based on testimonies collected by us, commanders and senior cadres of armed organizations
Martinez, Mauri Mònica. "De tule nega à kuna yala : mediación, territorio, y ecología en Panamá, 1903-2004." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0309.
Full textThis thesis analyses the struggle of the Kuna people of Panamá, for ther territory as the sine qua non of their political autonomy and the decisive role indigenous intellectuals have played in this historical process. The main aim of the dissertation is to examine the political and cultural relevance of these intellectuals' mediation between the Kuna nation and the Panamanian government as well as the international development agencies. I have addressed the classical topics of Kuna ethnography -social change and differentiation- but framed by the ethnographic study of contemporary social and political transformations at the local and global levels. I have paid special attention to the historical emergence of Kuna non governmental organisations (NGO), their activities of transnational mediations and the special relevance ecological issues have acquired among Kuna political claims vis-à-vis Panamanian and international agencies as a way to legitimate their struggle for the acknowledgement of indigenous rights
Santamaría, Ángela. "La construction sociale des droits des peuples autochtones : une étude transnationale à partir du cas colombien." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0082.
Full textOf importation and exportation of legal technologies, resources, and hierarchies) affects the position and importance of traditional authorities in law production! The research explores this general question in a variety of national settings, drawing on interviews with members of the legal profession but also members other groups (indigenous and non-indigenous activists, members of NGOs, bureaucrats, researchers, etc. ) involved in the production of international and customary law in different arenas. The first part is an ethnographic study of the social practices of actors in an indigenous Law school of Tiera-adentro (in the region of Cauca) involved in the production of customary law (both at the national and at lcbal level) following the 1991 Constitution. The second part emphasizes the international process of writing a Draft Declaration of Indigenous Peoples' Rights at the UN, focussing in particular on the participation of Colombian organizations at the Indigenous Caucus within the UN machinery. The last part deals with the complex interrelationships between international law and customary law at different levels. The aim is to explore the ways in which Colombian Indigenous peoples have articulated strategic frames that engender support for their aspirations within international legal system and the specific formation and actualization of state rule, and use and appropriation of state resources and agencies
Roy-Allard, Florence. "Mises en récits de souffrances sociales environnementales chez les Autochtones de l'état de Oaxaca au Mexique : une articulation à l'imaginaire politique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26013.
Full textThe exploitation of natural resources is often at the heart of power relations in indigenous communities in southern Mexico. Situations of suffering, here explored through an agrarian and forestry conflict in an Aboriginal community in the State of Oaxaca, are subject to various attributions of meaning, or various feelings of nonsense, by local populations. In this thesis, political narratives of suffering will be explored from the point of view of the experiences they represent. Circulation and reproduction of these discourses mean that the social imaginary that can be found within the community transforms and informs politics at the local level. The relations between discourses about social suffering and the political imaginary will be studied at the local level, in the ordinary speech. The objective of this research is to give voice people who usually do not occupy significant place in political studies.
Hervé, Caroline. ""On ne fait que s'entraider" : dynamique des relations de pouvoir et construction de la figure du leader chez les Inuit du Nunavik (XXe siècle-2011)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30423/30423.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation describes power relationships among the Nunavik Inuit by addressing two interrelated themes. On the one hand, the nature of power and the role of authority figures are analyzed. On the other, the concept of leader is deconstructed by showing its endogenous nature and the way it is appropriated by Inuit. Through reflexive fieldwork, this research points to a high prevalence of cooperation practices among the Nunavik Inuit. These practices, which are structured by power relationships and various inequalities, cover a wide range of social and material goods and go far beyond food sharing and equipment lending. Such pooling of resources is driven by authority figures who possess what others lack and, as such, are obliged to give back and share their wealth. In line with previous research on egalitarian groups and stateless societies, this research shows that Inuit individuals gain power through exogenous factors, i.e., what others within the group think of them, and not through endogenous ones, i.e., their personal ambitions. In other words, a group creates its leader by deciding to follow him or her. This finding sheds new light on the history of Inuit and Qallunaat relations during the 20th century. Each Inuit group continually exerted pressure to control authority figures, and this pressure extended to missionaries and traders as well. Despite efforts to impose their own power structures by creating new positions of authority in the Arctic, missionaries and traders were nevertheless considered to be wealthy people who had an obligation to share. Governments likewise felt the same pressures, which in time subverted their paternalistic policies. The same applies today to the Nunavik regional government, which recognizes this reality and is seeking to develop a very advanced form of participatory democracy. Keywords: Inuit, Nunavik, Canada, political anthropology, cooperation, power, government, governance, reflexive anthropology.
Beylier, Pierre Alexandre. "La frontière Canada/Etats-Unis depuis le 11 septembre 2001 : mutations et continuité." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030142.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying the transformations that the Canada/US border has undergone in the wake of 9/11. Using a multiple analytical lens – at once geographical, historical, political and economic – it deals with the role that the international boundary has played in the War against Terror.In order to secure its homeland, not only did the United States used its borders as a central tool for its policy but it also defined a new kind of concept, that of “smart borders”. Looking for a balance between two goals that are presented as mutually non-exclusive – security and facilitation – Washington plays with the traditional binary functioning of borders – open borders vs. close borders – to impose a new paradigm in North America, and more particularly along the Canada/US border. The purpose of this work is to look into this process to see how the metaphorically called 49th parallel has moved on from being the longest undefended border in the world, an open and defunctionnalized border, to a highly securitized barrier. Thus, it explores the supposedly pivotal role attributed to the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon as well as the meaning of this shift in paradigm for the Canada/US relationship.To do so, this thesis analyzes what this “smart border” consists in and assesses the success of its double engine – security and facilitation. It also endeavors to shed a light on the forces that underlie this multifaceted institution that the border is. Amidst rhetoric, disinformation, hidden agendas, the border is at the crossroads of different strategies that may sometimes blur our perception of the situation
Pinsonneault, Audrey. "Donner naissance en Bolivie : regard sur les rapports ethniques et la résistance autochtone dans la province de Chapare." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28460/28460.pdf.
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