Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autochtones – Mexique – Politique et gouvernement'
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Mejia, Mesa Oscar. "Maîtres chez-nous? : fédéralisme, fédérations et autonomie autochtone dans les Amériques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36276.
Full textIn the last decades of the twentieth century, the Americas experienced an undeniable resurgence of indigenous peoples. At the political level, that revival brought to the forefront the demands for autonomy through which Indigenous peoples sought to establish a fairer framework of relationships with the state. This dissertation examines how two federations – polities that, according to some scholars, embody the principles of federalism as combination of shared and autonomous government – respond to the demands of indigenous autonomy. Thus, based on the observation that institutional adaptation of Canadian and Mexican federations has been insufficient to meet the autonomic aspirations of Indigenous peoples, the dissertation addresses a normative exploration on the restoration of Indigenous self-government and reconciliation of Indigenous and state sovereignty through federalism.
Inda, Marchiando Daniele. "Devenir(s) autochtones. Contribution à une sociologie de l'engagement identitaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH055.
Full textThis doctoral thesis on the identity mobilizations of the Huichol population of Nayarit in Mexico aims to contribute to the understanding of the emergence of indigenous movements in the second half of the twentieth century. Following the many scientific works on this subject, our research documents how the emergence of this kind of mobilization is linked, in part, to the implementation of public policies for the conservation and the patrimonialization of indigenous cultures. However, our research also reveals that these objective political opportunities aren't sufficient to explain the phenomenon. Indeed, social stratification processes have given rise to the emergence of segments of the population who carry knowledge and skills that can be both transposed to identity mobilizations and contribute to produce valued conception of Amerindian cultures. Thus, identity activism does not come from a purely instrumental logic: it is also the product of deeply internalized dispositions. Only the articulation of these elements can help explain the genesis of the phenomenon. Ultimately, the emergence of the indigenous movement is the product of a sociogenesis resulting from a convergence of various socio-historical processes, the main ones being : the emergence of a field of political possibilities favorable to the development of identity mobilizations, the emergence of segments of the population endowed with the skills necessary for the investment of this space, and finally, a system of beliefs favorable to the genesis of this form of identity activism
Roy-Allard, Florence. "Mises en récits de souffrances sociales environnementales chez les Autochtones de l'état de Oaxaca au Mexique : une articulation à l'imaginaire politique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26013.
Full textThe exploitation of natural resources is often at the heart of power relations in indigenous communities in southern Mexico. Situations of suffering, here explored through an agrarian and forestry conflict in an Aboriginal community in the State of Oaxaca, are subject to various attributions of meaning, or various feelings of nonsense, by local populations. In this thesis, political narratives of suffering will be explored from the point of view of the experiences they represent. Circulation and reproduction of these discourses mean that the social imaginary that can be found within the community transforms and informs politics at the local level. The relations between discourses about social suffering and the political imaginary will be studied at the local level, in the ordinary speech. The objective of this research is to give voice people who usually do not occupy significant place in political studies.
Tijerina, Martinez Mentor. "Administration et régime politique au Mexique : la participation des fonctionnaires à la politique dans un régime autoritaire." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020021.
Full textRousseau, Isabelle. "Transformations politiques et économiques au Mexique, 1970-1995 : les élites gouvernementales, leurs stratégies et le rôle du secrétariat d'Etat au plan et au budget." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0089.
Full textTo solve the problems the mexican political system was beginning to experiment at the end of the sixties, various groups from the governmental elites had been developping strategies to gain central positions in order to define new mechanisms adapted to the necessities of growth and modernization. Some projects failed ; anothers seemed to be successful. Nevertheless, failures or sucesses are never definitive. How is it possible to change the revolutionnary legacy in a country which society is baxed on a great nationalism and clientelism and which political system is so strongly institutionalized ? this is our main question. An organizational sociology approach a prosopographical study, a very large bibliographical research and multiple interviews in the upper circles of the federal administration enlight the conditions the group of the planification and budget state secretary had been able to conceive and developp a project to change the revolutionary legacy in the country. The important crisis encountered by this project from 1994 invite us to think about the nature and the degree of the resistance (agents, mechanisms. . . ) this little group has been unable to evaluate
Marchand, Dominik. "L’Indien comme sujet politique : représentations autochtones et luttes pour le sens dans le discours politique au Mexique et en Équateur." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23847.
Full textDominguez, Narez Freddy Eutimio. "Gouvernabilité et légitimation dans le régime autoritaire mexicain (1985-1995)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010280.
Full textCarrasco, Brihuega Daniel. "Les carrières ministérielles en France et au Mexique : une étude comparée : 1981-2002." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21016.
Full textPérez, Siller Javier. "Fiscalité, économie et pouvoir au Mexique (1867-1911) : instauration, consolidation et chute d'un régime." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010515.
Full textOcampo, Alcantar Rigoberto. "Le système politique mexicain : l'épuisement d'un modèle corporatif." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030126.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the mecixan political system on the basis of the corporatist and neo-corporatist theories. We carry out an analysis of its structural characteristics and of its evolution after the revolution of 1910. Our aim by doing so is to distinguish the corporatist elements from the neo-corporatist ones un the entire political system in order to verify our central hypothesis: the mexican political system can be defined as a system based on corporatist and neo-corporatist elements; the political crisis the country has been going through since the beginning of the eighties reflects a wearing out of corporatist structure
Vega, Alejandro. "Les relations intergouvernementales au Mexique : dynamiques locales et dépendance fédérale." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DENS0037.
Full textIn a country with strong centralist tradition where have just occurred important political and administrative changes, how the various levels of govemment articulated theirs actions ? The thesis concerns the analysis of the local intergovemmental relations in three states of Mexico (Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi and Tabasco) during the period 2001 2006. The objective of this thesis is to question the nature of the relations of the actors belonging to various sectors (bureaucratic-political) and at various levels of government (municipal, state and federal), in the public affairs administration
Doire, Marie-France. "Démocratisation et libre-échange : le rôle des institutions politiques du Mexique dans le choix de la politique commerciale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33023.
Full textRivera, Romero Concepcion. "La Réforme politique de 1977 au Mexique." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100184.
Full textTorres, Parés Javier. "Solidarité et conflit : le parti libéral mexicain dans les relations entre le mouvement ouvrier du Mexique et celui des Etats-Unis : 1900-1923." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHES0011.
Full textGil, Garcia Carlos. "Gouvernement et gouvernance urbaine, une approche comparative de la politique locale de l'environnement : la ville d'Aguascalientes, Mexique et de l'agglomération urbaine de Lyon, France." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030142.
Full textThe main purpose of this work is to examine the process of the development of urban environmental public action in the city of Aguascalientes in Mexico and the urban agglomeration of Lyon in France during a twelve-year period (1990-2003). We explain the public policy analysis and the main characteristics in the development of urban environmental public policy in both cities. We also emphasize discussions of the different perspectives of the urban context, for example the urban governance approach and the urban regime approach. We explain how this concept helps us to understand new trends in public policy analysis. Using the case study method, we conduct an evaluation of these cities' urban environment public policy. We “reconstruct” this policy by tracking different sources of information and replicating the public policy process under different dynamics. We focus on the different trends in which actors and organisations implement urban environment policies. Most evidence shows that both governments have refocused their policies by adopting supranational methods of policy process or by repositioning environmental issues as the main focus in the management of the cities through the use of urban planning approaches. We also observed that in both cities there are many coincidences in the outcomes of the policies, particularly in the quest to become global cities by introducing innovations in the treatment of the urban environment. Our main conclusions are based on the new trends in the construction of urban policies in both cities as evident in the adoption of a global vision that can be detected in the policy design. An additional conclusion addresses the advanced processes by which problem resolution and advocacy coalitions are developed in these cities
Preciado, Coronado Jaime A. "Pouvoir local, municipe et décentralisation dans le Jalisco, 1983-1988." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030013.
Full textThe social subject of this research are the social's actors of the political power and the against-power actors in the territory of jalisco, mexico's state. The jalisco's "municipios" are under a reform process in the political relations between the federal and the states governements, but the social related factors does'nt follows the same process. They are placed in the outside of these reforms. However, the period of the local community changes betwen 1983-1988, has been studies within the auto-organisation process of the civil society. The modernization of the political regime takes new ways at 1983. At the head of these changes are the burocrates; the have a new kind of technical supports and new capacities to reform the social system
Aguilar, Sánchez Martín Gerardo. "Mouvements sociaux et démocratie au Mexique : trois études régionales 1982-1998." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21018.
Full textLabastida, Martín del Campo Julio. "Mexique : légitimité et changement de régime." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA089.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study recent politic changes in Mexico (1988-2000), changes being defined as a transition of an " authoritarian " government into a " democratic " one. The main hypothesis of this work is that this period is caracterized by a change of rules in the access to power, linked with a growing contest of the legitimacy of the post-revolutionnary political system. Elements of changing in the political practice and culture in Mexico are brought in the fore thanks to an analysis of new electoral behaviours and their social context
Texeraud, Marie-Thérèse. "L'influence du Mexique dans les relations internationales 1970-1982." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D002.
Full textThe object of our research consists of a study applied to the concept of the influence of mexican foreign policy. The preliminar part analyses the connection between this concept and that of mexico, international relation assessed factors of power. Then we follow on with four main directions. The first: (mexican usa relationship) allows us to study the concept from a privileged stand, that of a state with one of two super powers. The second direction (mexican pvd relationship) and the third (mexican american relationship) introduces the concept with the help of a coalition in practise on an international and or continental level. The fourth direction (mexico international system: i. S. ) provides the case of a stately influence face to face with the i. S. And the affect it has on this state. -about this item, we know since 1970, that mexico has develope a influence of politic in the world, because it has a basic relationship with the usa. As concern of this program, we consider that since 1970, the mexico has developed an influence political of the world by the means of the relation which has with usa. The powerful of mexican and the influence political which allow in mexico to engage a regulation force of i. S. In fact mexico definite an indirect influence political towards usa -an influence political base on persuasion -inside an influence political group which substitute in the present (ex: latine america) -an influence political which assure a conversion on an i. S. Between the game of perturbation; and those of conciliation function
Mercado, Mondragón Jorge. "Dynamiques familiales rurales de reproduction et politique néolibérale au Mexique : étude de cas : Hueyotlipan, Etat de Tlaxcala." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010651.
Full textLachenal, Cécile. "Coutume indigène et État de droit au Mexique : Une étude à partir du cas de l’État de Oaxaca." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030081.
Full textThis thesis analyses the indigenous custom in its dialectical relation with the rule of law in Mexico. On the question of law and its relations with the customary phenomenon, the thesis is built on an approach that is different from a positive, enclosed and self-referenced vision, so that the focus of questioning is upon the actors of law and the meaning of their actions. The analysis’ spectrum is broadened by resorting to the fields of history, sociology and anthropology of law, which then allow us to examine the plurality of normative production places and to analyze the variability of production, interpretation and reception of norms by the actors. We aim to reintroduce law, and more generally the legal phenomenon, in its social field to understand its productions, interpretations and transformations. The study is led on two levels. On the State and institutional level, the constitutional recognition of the indigenous custom is in line with the movement of transformation of the Mexican constitutional regime that emphasizes the increasing importance of the law in Mexican society and marks the transition from the rule of law to the “society of rights”. On the local level of an indigenous community, custom is understood in its context, that is to say as processes shaped by time and relations between different normative repertories
Gobit, Johanna. "Territoire politique et identités autochtones-spatialités en mutation : le cas de la communauté inuit des îles Belcher au Nunavut (Canada)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30029.
Full textOn April, 1st 1999, the creation of a third territory called Nunavut led to a reorganisation of the internal boundaries of Canada. After some 30-year negociations, Nunavut has become a territory with a strong identity, but with no ethnic meaning. The land is peopled up to 85% by Inuit natives who follow their own policy. To understand the way the Inuit have built Nunavut and now experience and dream it on a day-to-day basis, our investigation led us to a conceptual, epistemological and methodological inquiry. We first questioned the research methods that were used by our predecessors and some basic concepts underlying Western geographical notions such as that of "territory". In achieving a form of political territory, the Inuit had to fit their own conception of the territory -based on a cosmogony in which the Earth is the mother of men- to the Western ideological model of territory. By acknowledging the right men have upon the Earth, the Nunavut political territory disrupts the foundations of the inuit sense of place. When they chose to belong to Nunavut, the Inuit community of the Belcher islands turned their back on the social and spatial networks that connected them to Nunavik. They decided instead that their essential spatial identity should be linked to the core territory of Hudson Bay and James Bay. This example shows that the creation of Nunavut led to the expression of a foundational sense of place. This was mainly possible because of the way Inuit leaders negotiated with the Federal, by instilling their own cultural values at each step of the negotiations. Nunavut materializes the adjustment of a territorial model by a native ideology of space
Rulls, Mathias. "Les indigènes et la politique dans le Guatemala post-dictatorial (1985-2004)." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1042.
Full textBy the end of the XXth century, Guatemala experienced two historical events that permitted it to consider a way out of the spiral of political violence and reduce the social inequalities that have marked its history : the establishment of a democratic regime in 1985 and the end of the internal armed conflict in 1996. This new historical background established more favourable conditions to the political involvement of a majority that had, up untill then, been excluded from any kind of political participation : the Mayas. This thesis adresses the characteristics of this participation during the first twenty years of democracy (1985-2004). It focusses on three complementary angles. First, it examines the electoral behaviour of the Mayas. Second, it analyses the advances made by the Mayas in assuming elective functions. In both cases, it notes a real but insufficient progress in order to eliminate discrimation. Finally, this thesis explores three political movements among the very first in the country's history that have been created and led by indigeneous citizens. Three aspects will be considered : their origins (why and how these movements were born), their social composition (what type of person was involved outside the established political parties), and their political ideals and goals
Munoz, Canto Carolina Sthephania. "Biographie politique d'Andrés Manuel López Obrador." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0071.
Full textThis thesis redraws the political biography of Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a mexican polititian which is identified by himself to the partisan left. Throught it, we outline some elements to understand his life that is knit to Mexican contemporary context. The interest is given because he participated in some of the most importants events in the last 30 years. Also this work let us understand how his political life is tie to the context and how it is an element of modification of it. But most important, it gives us the opportunity to think about some of the concepts generally used to describe leaderships, specifically populism. By using an inductive approach, we tried to aprrehend the leadership that AMLO is constructing, and to make a sociological study of populism
Devineau, Julie. "Les mutations de l'Etat territorial : décentralisation, mobilisations et politiques indigènes au Mexique, 1970-2004." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0042.
Full textSince the 80s, the decentralization and administrative devolution have created a new political space for local public policies in Mexico. Economic liberalization and the slow-moving democratic transition have redefined the objectives and the means of the state, as well as the nature of intergovernmental relations. We examine in detail the transformations of the bureaucratic state apparatus in rural regions, its institutionnal diversification, and its effects on the coherence of public policies. To do so, we compare the implementation of two local policies (ethnic laws and municipal infrastructure) in three rural territories (the Sierra Juárez in Oaxaca, the Huasteca Potosina, and the Lake Region in Michoacán). The implementation of decentralized public policies doesn’t have the same political impact: local state building depends first on history-rooted forms of collective action, then on the preferences of local political elites, and, finally on governors’ style of leadership
Combes, Hélène. "De la politique contestataire à la fabrique partisane : le cas du Parti de la révolution démocratique au Mexique." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030059.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the contribution of social movements to the construction of the Democratic Revolution Party (PRD) in Mexico. The first part focuses on the PRD's party environment. I analyse the different episodes of contestation/opposition since 1960 in Mexico, using the theorical framework of political contention analysis. The second part concentrates on the internal functioning of the partisanship: the construction of the PRD and the role of social movements in this process. This part also explores the internal and primary elections as well as the recruitment of political personnel. On the basis of a number of typical cases, we demonstrate the importance of non-partisan activism in activists' careers. The third part examines the PRD's political practices: the work of deputies and mayors and the governing of Mexico's Federal District (1997-2001). It shows how activist culture/practices shape public policy choices and how public policies, in turn, affect the construction of the party
Sergheraert, Maëlle. "L'expansion mexica, 1430-1520 après J. C. : la question du contrôle impérial dans les provinces extérieures de l'Empire." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010614.
Full textTsekenis, Émile. "Les autochtones et le chasseur : essai de définition du rapport entre le rituel et le politique pour une chefferie bamilékée (ouest-Cameroun)." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA114.
Full textOsorio, Gonsen Frida. "Le pouvoir politique entre conservation et modération : histoire d'un problème au prisme de l'expérience constitutionnelle mexicaine (1824-1842)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0059.
Full textIn a context of serious political upheavels, the need to avoid unbridled exercice of power was for Mexico inseparable from the difficulty to overcome the weakness of the authority of the State. This tension brings up the problem of reconciling the claim for freedom and the need of authority from the State which political regimes stemming from modern revolutions had already faced. Our study aims to echo how this problem arose in Mexico at the end of the war of Independence and the answers that were given. This work mainly focuses on the difficulties met by the Mexican constitutionalism to consolidate the authority of the State without falling into arbitrariness. We seek to show that the will to articulate the exigenciesof conservation and moderation of the political power inspired the implementation of a neutral third party device aiming to control law's constitutionality and to carry out effective solutions to deal with political crises. This is the only case in the Hispanic world where a neutral power of this kind was intended to be established in a republican regime. Thus, our dissertation disagrees with the interpretations that advocate that the constitutions established in Mexco in the Nineteenth-Century would have only served to disguise an authoritarian ideology
Combebias, Mariette. "Les députés mexicains aux Cortès espagnoles : 1810-1821." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30031.
Full textElection methods for the representatives and their representation : to what extent do they represent Mexican society and its aspirations? Their work beside the Spanish and American delegates to draft a Constitution that would reform the absolute monarchy so as to create a regime based on equality and freedom for Spain and America. Their proposals to establish a more democratic and less centralised bureaucraty, as well as a liberal economy rid of monopolies and centralised governmentin Mexico. The failure of their attempt to change the colonial system into a liberated country with a negotiated independence
Bolivar, Espinoza Augusto. "Un instrument d'analyse des réformes de l'Etat : les politiques institutionnelles de contrôle : l'exemple mexicain (1982-1997)." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010268.
Full textANGUIANO, OROZCO ARTURO. "Les transformations de l'etat mexicain dans le cadre de la mondialisation (1982-1995)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010590.
Full textThis thesis pretends to analyse how the mexican state-nation lives his capitalist globalisation process breaked off especially since the eighties and the way that it turned out to be in somekind of leberinth. Our point of departure is the transformation that characterises this globalisation and the state- nation system crisis that appears to unleash. Taking into account the fragmentation and regionalisation, that paradoxically brings forth the universalisation without market or planet economy handicaps, we can distinguish the new north-south polarisation that appears as well as the segregation and exclusion that are brought forth with it. Further more we examine what we name, in our text, as the detaching of mexico with respect of the underdeveloped south and his attempt to engage himself to the developed north, which in practice prefigures a_northamerican country destiny. Afterwards we study the economical, social and political processes, which were triggered off under the influence of the new mexican international insertion, and the internal mutations lived by the country. Especially we emphasise in this pretended national modernisation (not only of the economy, forwarded towards exportation from now on), as well as in the state transformations and in his redefinition of the different social components relations. In our conclusions we discriminate the actors, the contradictions and the incertitude of a political transition that fluctuates between the authoritarian re- establishment and the democracy
Roy, Jean-Olivier. "Une compréhension critique des nations et du nationalisme autochtones au Canada : traditionalisme et modernité politique et étude de cas sur les Innus au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25757.
Full textThis dissertation examines the evolving nature of indigenous nations and nationalism in Canada. Nations self-identification and normative foundations of indigenous nationalism are mainly rooted in tradition and continuity. In return, we note the increasing integration of indigenous discourse in a very modern repertoire, making use of concepts such as "self-determination", "sovereignty" citizenship and "government", among others, as certain political elites and citizens actions demonstrate a modern conception of the nation. Research therefore focuses on the impact of tradition and modernity in the contemporary definition of the nation and the indigenous nationalism. This research proposes a cross perspective between political thought, empirical analysis, and normative theories. Two interpretive scenarios are considered. First, the thesis of continuity, following the primordialist approach, where one would observe among Aboriginals the presence, prior to contact with Europeans and the advent of modernity, of nations and structured political elements. It is a dominant speech among Aboriginal nationalist elites. A second scenario, derived from the theory of ethnosymbolism, does not exclude that some core elements have remained, such as myths, symbols, traditions, and that nations are formed around pre-existing ethnic cores. However, it also takes into account the evolution towards more political standards, due to the impact of modernity and the influence of surrounding nations and nationalism. This scenario is favored in the research. Following the observation of various types of contemporary indigenous nationalism in Canada, with regard to the relation with the state, its structures and the role playing by elites and citizens. Then, a case study is presented, that of the Innu in Quebec, consisting of interviews with key players, which allows to verify the validity of the interpretative scenario. In parallel, research has a considerable normative part. The latter, based on the self-determination of nations, examines the normative assumptions of Aboriginal nationalism which perform a synthesis between tradition and modernity. To conclude, some reformulation of the nature of Aboriginal nations and nationalism is proposed, in which the normative bases, mainly rooted in the past, are reconsidered by integrating and taking more modern elements as well, depending on the conclusions reached by the research.
Guerra, Tomazini Carla. "L’État et ses pauvres : la naissance et la montée en puissance des politiques de transferts conditionnels au Brésil et au Mexique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA044.
Full textThe 1990s saw the birth of so-called 'conditional cash transfers', assistance programs for poor families on the condition that they encourage their children to seek education and attend health centers. In order to reduce poverty and ensure a better future for tomorrow's « poor », these policies represent a new type of social protection with different principles and modes of operation for traditional programs. The analysis of their origins reveals a progressive structuring marked by institutional contexts and different paths that have generated similar results. The objective of this study is to identify one or more variables that might explain their emergence and expansion in Brazil and Mexico in the 1990s and 2000s and to highlight how the evolution of these policies could generate more or less strong opposition from some actors as well as the institutional constraints these policies face. We can observe group structures centred on "causes" - notably the cause of human capital - that have largely determined the development and implementation of these policies. This paper seeks to show the nuances of the idea of consensual reforms in Mexico and Brazil, without denying the extent to which these transformations have occurred. This means that institutional change in Brazil is operated by adding new features to existing institutions; while in Mexico, in the first instance, the process of change and consolidation of conditional cash transfer programs has occurred as an institutional shift and then the defenders of the status quo actors marginally modified the program to keep their interests. As monetary instruments to combat poverty, these programs are the subject of an ambiguous consensus and actors from different coalitions end up supporting them. Finally, "interests", necessary at different times, were constituted as a key variable to understand the permanence and strengthening of these policies through locking phenomena
A década de 1990 assistiu ao nascimento das chamadas « transferências condicionadas de renda » : programas assistenciais para famílias pobres à condição de que elas incentivem seus filhos a prosseguirem os estudos e que frequentem centros de saúde. Com o objetivo de reduzir a pobreza e assegurar um futuro melhor para os « pobres » de amanhã, essas políticas representam um novo tipo de proteção social com princípios e modos de operaçäo diferentes dos programas tradicionais. A análise de suas origens revela uma estruturação progressiva marcada por contextos institucionais e trajetórias distintas que geraram resultados semelhantes. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar uma ou mais variáveis que possam explicar a emergência e expansão no Brasil e no México nas décadas de 1990 e 2000, examinando a maneira como suas evoluções suscitaram oposições mais ou menos fortes de atores e os constrangimentos institucionais enfrentados. Nós podemos observar uma estruturação de grupos reunidos em torno a « causas » - notadamente a causa do capital humano - que influem na elaboração e na implementação dessas políticas. Esse trabalho busca matizar a ideia de reformas consensuais no México e no Brasil, sem negar a dimensão das transformações ocorridas. A mudança institucional no Brasil é operada por meio da adição de novos recursos às instituições existentes; e no México, em primeira instância, o processo de mudança e consolidação da política de transferência de renda ocorreu como um deslocamento institucional e, posteriormente, os atores defensores do status quo modificam marginalmente o programa para manter os seus interesses. Assim, esses programas são objeto de um consenso ambíguo, uma vez que atores de diferentes coalizões passam a reivindicar eventualmente esses instrumentos. Finalmente, os « interesses » constituíram-se como uma variável chave para entender a permanência e o reforço das condicionalidades dessas políticas por meio de fenômenos de lock- in
Aguilar-Leyva, Javier Oquitzin. "Du sens au persuasif : explorations cognitives de la "persuasion" audiovisuelle, lecture de spots de la campagne présidentielle 2000 au Mexique." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0070.
Full textBased on recent findings in the field of cognitive linguistics with regard to the semantic activity of the mind and the general modus operandi of the construction of meaning, this thesis looks at persuasion in the media, political adverts and audiovisual meaning. For the purposes of this research we have conducted an in-depth analysis of a series of adverts from the electoral campaign in Mexico in the year 2000, which many consider to be a prototype of current trends in (tele)political communication. The observations presented map out a "cognitive radiography" of the configurations under-specified by the audio/scripto/visual indicia, and make it possible to explain the mental processes involved. Intended to be innovative, this window allows the reader to enter a world dotted with cognitive entities : mental spaces, elements, connections and semantic structures, whose flotations, projections and blends direct the drawing of inferences and in this way after the representational panorama of the participants. Distancing itself from structuralist and more conventional approaches to the subject - both sociological and psychological - the starting point for this research is where cognition meets power, an advantageous viewpoint from which it's possible to form the following observation : the cognitive influence of political adverts rests in their capacity to under-determine the mental operations of the particpants and to act as guidance in this way for their activity of meaning construction. These explorations have two concerns : that of proposing solid methodological principles for analysing audiovisual texts and images and the -much greater- task of advancing our knowledge in the scarcely explored reaches "From meaning to persuasion"
Recondo, David. "État et coutumes électorales dans l'Oaxaca (Mexique) : réflexions sur les enjeux politiques du multiculturalisme." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40007.
Full textPrado, Maillard José Luís. "Le Mexique sous un nouveau contexte : Les rapports des pouvoirs politiques de l'Union." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010265.
Full textRamírez, García Víctor Hugo. "L'administration du désir et le gouvernement des corps : les politiques de l'éducation à la sexualité au Mexique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H083.
Full textThis work proposes a genealogical review of sex education policies in Mexico for the period 1974 - 2016. Using the Foucaultian and Bourdieuian approaches, we examine the conditions of political and epistemic emergence which allowed the implementation of a set of rationalities, such as the government of bodies and the administration of individual and collective desire, through different discourses and discursive objects. The main social fields chosen for this study are the demographic, the health and the educational fields, although other fields —such as the legal and the scientific fields— are also examined. Governmentality, as a theoretical perspective and grid of analysis, allowed us to identify government of self as a constant in the studied archives during the period analyzed
Rosales, Sierra Patricia. "Le processus de révision constitutionnelle au Mexique pendant la période de domination du parti révolutionnaire institutionnel (1929-2000) : Le cas des droits sociaux, articles 27 et 123." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020043.
Full textParizet, Raphaëlle. "Le politique du développement : les usages politiques des savoirs experts et de la participation des populations indiennes au Mexique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20016/document.
Full textA buzzword broadcasted by international agencies, the concept of “development with identity” refers to a willingness to take into account local and cultural specificities of indigenous peoples. It entails a promotion of the development approach, presented as both universal and apolitical. This thesis proposes to explore this contradiction. Focusing on the Mexican case, it aims to understand how development apparatuses function as instruments of knowledge, but also as performative instruments by their prescriptive inductions and the social uses they are made of. Finally, “development with identity” refers to an “art of government” of populations labeled as socially disqualified. It relies on two key components: the elaboration of a specific knowledge on these populations and the participation of indigenous individuals and groups in development apparatuses.This thesis proposes a sociological contribution to the analysis of development and works on indigenous issues. In order to study the circulation of development speeches, instruments and practices, this work is based on a political ethnography of three spaces in which the apparatuses of indigenous development in Mexico are elaborated, formulated and put into practice: the Office of the United Nations Development Program in Mexico, the national authority in charge of development public policy for indigenous peoples, and finally social groups in the region of Chiapas in which development apparatuses are developed and implemented
Hernández-Ramírez, María Elena. "La "professionalisation" du journalisme au Mexique : le discours "modernisateur" de Carlos Salinas de Gortari sur les relations presse-gouvernement." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082681.
Full textThis research focuses on the speach of mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994) regarding the « modernization » of press-government relationships. It is stated that, within the contexte of the signature of the Northamerican Free Trade Agreement, Mexico intended to show to the international community that freedom of expression was a reality in the country, that there were independent media and that Mexico was on his way to democracy and to the “professionalization” of journalism (understood as the end of corruption between political power and the press)
Gaspar, Abraham Fernando. "Stratégies en dislocation : idées et discours des intellectuels et de l'État sur l'éducation et la culture au début du XXe siècle au Mexique." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0109.
Full textThis study examines the ideas, discourses and practices of educational and cultural policy in Mexico at the beginnning of the twentieth century, within a context of important political transformations and ideological repositionnings among the elites. The study is divided in three parts : the first analyses the policies undertakent by Justo Sierra, Minister of Public Education at the end of Porfirio Diaz's regime. Based in a reading of the main texts produced between 1908 and 1919, the second part gives an account of the debates and the ideological changes that took place in such period. The third part reviews the programme implemented by Jose Vasconselos, Minister of Education during Alvaro Obregon's presidency. In this way, the study poses that the creation of educational institutions and the State's attempt to legitimise its control of knowledge within society set the basis of the educational and cultural policy in the twentieth century
Paquet, Marie-Ève. "Vivre ensemble au quotidien : expérience urbaine des autochtones et des non-autochtones à l’ère du vivir bien à El Alto et La Paz en Bolivie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40079.
Full textEn Bolivie, l’élection du président autochtone Evo Morales en 2005 et la réforme constitutionnelle de 2009, intégrant le concept ancestral du vivir bien ont fait couler beaucoup d’encre ces dernières années. Alors que la plupart des ouvrages se penchent principalement sur l’apport théorique du vivir bien, ce mémoire cherche à enrichir la compréhension de ce concept dans sa dimension pratique et locale. Ce mémoire porte plus particulièrement sur l’expérience urbaine des autochtones, principalement des Aymaras, et des non-autochtones dans leur quête du bien-vivre à La Paz et à El Alto, en Bolivie. L’analyse se penche principalement sur la négociation des identités en mettant en lumière les différentes dimensions, tant politiques, économiques, sociales, culturelles qu’artistiques, du quotidien des autochtones, mais aussi des non-autochtones. En particulier, ce mémoire explore les stratégies d’affirmation mises en avant pour se sentir bien, notamment la création de réseaux, le maintien de pratiques rituelles et la participation à diverses manifestations culturelles et artistiques dont l’entrada folclórica universitaria, un festival folklorique auxquels prennent part les étudiants. -- Mots-clés : vivir bien, identité, authenticité, anthropologie urbaine, fête, danse, culture, LaPaz, El Alto, Bolivie.
In Bolivia, the election of indigenous president Evo Morales in 2005 and the constitutional reform of 2009, incorporating the ancestral concept of living well have been the subject of much attention in recent years. While most books primarily focus on the theoretical contribution of the living well concept, this thesis seeks to enrich the understanding of its practical and local dimensions. This thesis examines the urban experience of Indigenous people, mainly Aymaras, and non-Indigenous people in their pursuit of living well in La Paz and El Alto, in Bolivia. The analysis focuses on the negotiation of identities by highlighting the different dimensions, both political, economic, social, cultural and artistic, of the everyday lives of Indigenous people, but also of non-Indigenous people. This thesis more specifically explores the affirmation strategies put forward to feel good, including the creation of networks, the preservation of ritual practices and the participation in various cultural and artistic activities including the entrada folclórica universitaria, a university festival in which students partake. -- Keywords: Aymaras, living well, identity, authenticity, urban anthropology, fiesta, dance,culture, La Paz, El Alto, Bolivia.
En Bolivia, la elección del presidente indígena Evo Morales en 2005 y la reformaconstitucional de 2009, que incorpora el concepto ancestral del vivir bien, han sido objeto de mucha atención en los últimos años. Si bien la mayoría de los libros se enfocan en la contribución teórica del vivir bien, esta tesis busca enriquecer la comprensión de este concepto en su dimensión práctica y local. Esta tesis se centra en la experiencia urbana de los indígenas, principalmente los Aymaras y de los no indígenas en su búsqueda del vivir bien en La Paz y El Alto, en Bolivia. El análisis se enfoca en la negociación de identidades, destacando las diferentes dimensiones, tanto políticas, económicas, sociales, culturales y artísticas, de la vida cotidiana de los indígenas, como también de los no indígenas. En particular, esta tesis explora las estrategias de afirmación presentadas para sentirse bien, incluyendo la creación de redes, el mantenimiento de prácticas rituales y la participación en diversos eventos culturales y artísticos, como la entrada folclórica universitaria, un festival universitario al que participan varios estudiantes. -- Palabras claves: Aymaras, vivir bien, identidad, autenticidad, antropología urbana, fiesta, baile, cultura, La Paz, El Alto, Bolivia.
Msaid, Youcef. "Allocation stratégique des transferts gouvernementaux au Mexique entre 1997 et 2000 : une analyse de durée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26498/26498.pdf.
Full textCoignet, Patricia Claire Marie. "La gestion de politiques publiques par les organisations internationales envers les peuples indigènes : étude du projet PRODEPINE de la Banque mondiale en Equateur (1998-2002)." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30017.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to underline the respective roles of international, national and local actors in the elaboration and execution of a development project considered like a public policy. Indeed we have chosen to study a particular public policy: the PRODEPINE development project financed by the World Bank. With the view to understand the public action, we will identify the actors which are of a very heteregenous nature : the indigenous organizations, the Ecuadorian State and the World Bank. We will analyze a series of actions and public programs of this project as well as the conditions of success and failure of the different segments : the indigenous population's struggle against poverty, the creation of an indigenous elite and also the reinforcement of their social organizations with the aim of improving their insertion in the Ecuadorian society
Caŕdenas, Ayala Elisa. "Aux marges de la Révolution mexicaine : le Jalisco, 1908-1913." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010554.
Full textThis thesis analyses the mexican political life of Porfirio Diaz' last years of dictatorship and of the revolution's first moments, based on a study of the state of Jalisco, second political region of the country. The proposed analysis associates diferent scales, particularly the state and local ones. It offers another interpretation of the revolution as a global phenomenon. Largely transcending the limits of military action, as well as the questionning of the position traditionnally granted to this state by the revolution historiography. This study is based, in good measure, on an analysis of the porfirian public space mutations, viewed from the evolution of the opinion and the sociability networks. At the end of the porfiriato, it overthrows the norms of utilization of this space to open it to clearly political movements, which found the opposition to the dictatorship. Reyism and political catholicism, of which Jalisco is the principal center, two of the main political movements of the end of the porfiriato are studied. Misunderstood, they have often been caricatured by the revolution historiography. In these pages is also considered the regional development of the maderist movement. At last is proposed an analysis of the recomposition of the political forces after the fall of the dictatorship and during Francisco I. Madero's following ruling years, until the violent fall of his government, which ends this brief period of democratic trial
Robinet, Romain. "L’esprit et la race : le mouvement étudiant face à la Révolution mexicaine (1910-1945)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0014.
Full textIn Mexico, as in Latin America, the “revolutionary student” appears as a classical figure of the 1960-1970 protest cycle and has been largely analyzed by historians. On the contrary, very few studies have been dedicated to students “in revolutionary context”. As a matter of fact, a powerful student movement, organized and representative, active in international student relations, emerged during the Mexican Revolution, between the 1910s and the 1940s. Apparently similar to its European or Latin American counterparts, this first Mexican student movement was however built and shaped by its leaders in close relation with a major phenomenon: the Revolution. During this period, Mexican students organized themselves in the name of the Revolution. They largely defended the revolutionary principles, but also started to criticize more and more the revolutionary governments. Through their international organizations and congresses, they also contributed to the transnational circulation of the Mexican Revolution in Ibero America. Actors of a “revolution by education”, Mexican student leaders succeeded in defending a “University Reform” that was at first compatible with the revolutionary ideals. Education could help to form the soul of Mexico and of the “Ibero American Race”. In their view, the Mexican Revolution was both a racial regeneration and a political experience, inspired by European models such as nationalism, socialism, cooperativism or social catholicism
Guimendego, Maurice. "Les populations du Centre-Est de l'Oubangui-Chari (actuelle Centrafrique) face à l'implantation coloniale française 1900-1945 : contribution à l'étude des résistances anticoloniales." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0061.
Full textRouvière, Laetitia. "A la frontière de l'Etat : gouvernement et territorialités aymaras au Chili." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH037/document.
Full textHow are the borders redefined by the “territorialities” which cross them? Which actors use these cross-border territorialities? What room is left to the state, when the local authorities living on the border refer to an indigenous culture, which preexisted to the nation, to (re)build a territory? The recent dynamics of the Aymara cross-border co-operation between Chile, Peru and Bolivia question the political and territorial reconfigurations which affect a fundamental state institution: the border. This doctoral thesis analyzes the cross-border public policies led by Aymaras rural mayors, according to a long-term approach of the construction of the Chilean state. By comprehending the state through its political, social and territorial peripheries, we study the networks of actors who take part in the transformations of the governance of the territory. The permanence of political and administrative actions on the border on one hand, the uses of inherited institutional roles on the other, show that beyond its alleged weakening, the state is paradoxically strengthened, through a complex securitization process of a diplomatically disputed cross-border area
Motard, Geneviève. "Le principe de personnalité des lois comme voie d'émancipation des peuples autochtones? : analyse critique des ententes d'autonomie gouvernementale au Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29669/29669.pdf.
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