Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autochtones – Relations avec l'État – Histoire'
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Gagnon, Mathieu. "Enquête morale sur le mépris envers les premières nations : le programme de conversion des Jésuites en Huronie au 17e siècle et le programme de civilisation britanno-canadien au 19e siècle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28103/28103.pdf.
Full textGélinas, Claude. "Les autochtones et la présence occidentale en Haute-Mauricie, Québec, 1760-1910." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0010/NQ39748.pdf.
Full textGuilbeault-Cayer, Émilie. "L'ÉTAT QUÉBÉCOIS ET LA CRISE D'OKA DE 1990 : MUTATIONS DES POLITIQUES EN MATIÈRE DE GESTION DES REVENDICATIONS AMÉRINDIENNES, 1985-2001." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25856/25856.pdf.
Full textLe, Berre-Semenov Marine. "Renaissantismes et renaissance des peuples du Nord : évolution de la question autochtone en République sakha (Yakoutie) dans le contexte des mutations post-soviétiques." Paris, INALCO, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAL0015.
Full textThis doctoral thesis deals with the subject of ethnic revival of the Northern peoples, particularly, of the indigenous peoples of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), a vast area endowed with a statute of internal sovereignty in the Russian Federation since 1990, allowing elites of the native groups to defend rights and interests of their peoples, strongly threatened by the crucial changes resulting of the Soviet experiment. The neologism of "revivalism" refers to movements, processes and dynamics expressing the aspiration of sakhas, evenks, evens, dolgans, jukaghirs and chukchis for revival. Occurring in the fields of ideology, politics, identity, culture and social affairs, this revivalism appears as the result of a history made of colonisation, and therefore of economic exploitation, spoliation, forced assimilation, ethnocide, ecocide, etc. In the early nineties, indigenous elites worked out reforms intended to reconstruct lost or declining ethnicity of their ethnic groups or communities, and to revitalize their ancestral cultures (spirituality, ways of life, social and family relations, vernacular languages, etc. ). These reforms and projects of reforms were accompanied by a production of multiform discourses destined to restore lost self-confidence and pride of the natives, and to reconstitute the broken mirror of their identities. This study is based on the comparison of several ethnic and ethnoregional backgrounds, and thus of several dynamics of revival or "revivalisms", analyzed at different levels of the Yakutian society : macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial. Confrontation of ideological, political and legal aspects with the reality, the expectations and the representations of concerned populations in the social, cultural and identity fields, was used to evaluate the efficiency and the repercussions of these revivalisms, subordinate otherwise to overall unfavourable economic and political processes
Bascopé, Julio Joaquin. "La colonisation de la Patagonie australe et la Terre de Feu : sources pour une histoire internationale, 1877-1922." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0032.
Full textSheep-farming industry, as a sociological phenomenon, is the main subject of this dissertation. The geographical area under study is Southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego and the temporary framework is the colonization of these regions. The starting point is the landing of the first sheep in Patagonia in 1877, from the Falkland Islands. Against Chile and Argentina’s nationalist perspective, I show how these landing could be even more decisive in regional history as the installation of national states. To understand the relationship between sheep farming and society, the thesis proposes a serialisation of historical sources. The connection of a variety of documents, from various institutional origins, countries and languages –Italian, Spanish, French and English–, is also an affirmation of a cosmopolitan, rather than national, history of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. By the serial connection of documents, it is problematized, firstly, the activity of colonization agents (states, sheep farms, but also missionaries who arrived with the purpose of protecting native tribes menaced by sheep-farmers). Then, it is established their political situation in the colonial context. Finally, the serialisation of historical sources allows us to observe the sociological fractures that have divided and mobilized colonization activity. The thesis concludes by pointing out that history, thought from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, can not be a point of view, but rather a hub of perspectives
Duquet, Pascal. "La controverse historique entourant la survie du titre aborigène sur le territoire compris dans les limites de ce qu'était la province de Québec en 1763." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38075.pdf.
Full textOrtega, José del Carmen. "Le pluralisme juridique et les peuples autochtones." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020003.
Full textIn early XXIth century, aboriginal peoples have the same legal status than any other citizens under the rule of law and, as a supplement, state recognize their customary status. So there is a duplicity of legal status. We analyse four countries : Australia, Canada, Colombia and New Caledonia. The starting print is the collection of rules, institutions and legal mechanisms adopted by the various states. The method is more inductive than deductive : from legal facts regarding aboriginal peoples, we try to conceptualise the characteristics of legal system in multicultural states. Principe on equality articulates customary law with state, or maybe it serves for their captation while aboriginal peoples demand formal equality between customary law and rule of law ; in the other side, they demand a material equality like citizens and affirmative action measures against their inferior conditions of living. Reflection about customary law puts in evidence a kind of evolution to an identitary law which mission could be: to protect cultural identities from their formation, to assure links of communities, to save cultural borders and to regulate the changing identity of individuals. Multicultural states answered to the demands of aboriginal peoples by a duplication of institutions and laws following three models : 1) Political, legal, jurisdictional and administrative autonomies (territorial units, personal status, customary jurisdiction, etc. ) ; 2) Special statutes (contributions, multilinguism, etc. ) ; and 3) Duplicities of law that create legal pluralism situations, in the way proposed by Jacques VANDERLINDEN. A legal pluralism pragmatist and situational is the opposite of systemic approach and concepts of law anthropologists
Bertin, Marie-Claire. "Le statut des peuples autochtones en droit international." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUED003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the slow reconstruction of the status of indigeneous peoples in international law. At the beginning of the colonization, colonial powers have recognized the indigeneous peoples' sovereignty in order to justify the colonial process and the territorial acquisitions. Then this sovereignty is progressivly dismantled. Colonization resulted in the disappearance of indegenous peoples from the international sphere and it justified the extinguishment of their sovereignty, the loss of their territories. Indigenous peoples are now recognized in international law. The reconstruction of a legal status is in process. This status enables them to claim the respect of their collective rights, notably their right to self-determination. The United Nations Declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples recognizes this right but it is construed by the States as a right to self-government, a domestic right
Barbosa, João Mitia Antunha. "Peuples autochtones, connaissances traditionnelles et droits." Angers, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00986331.
Full textThe traditional protection systems of intellectual property demonstrate certain inaptitude when it comes to protecting patrimony and the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples. Even if it is not meant to resolve the whole issue, the reflection about the sui generis protection systems becomes fundamental. This theme frequently collides with even greater difficulties represented by the ancestry of this patrimony and traditional knowledge, by the fact that it can eventually possess collective ownership and also by the diversity of its locations. Other difficulties relate to the sacred, confidential and even secretive aspects of a significant portion of such knowledge. This patrimony and knowledge are currently protected not only by international Declarations and Conventions, but also by internal legal devices, as it is the case of Brazil, which is the country that this research points its main focus to. Nonetheless, this research allows to ascertain that, although the debate, the legislation and the negotiation process is only beginning, in fact, it indicates the real perspectives of the use of classical instruments of protection of intellectual rights, on the one hand, as well as the use of sui generis systems, as it is currently taking place in certain countries, on the other. Clearly, it is essential to take into consideration the particularities of each situation, and that contracted agreements on the usage or access to such knowledge respond to specific ethical demands, always taking into account the vigilant participation of interested parties and the public bodies which must support complementary policies
Plaquin, Héloïse. "Identités culturelles régionales ou autochtones et États unitaires : à la recherche d'une conciliation : les exemples de la Corse en France et du peuple sámi de Norvège." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED011.
Full textThe French republic and the Norwegian realm are both unitary States which constitutions assess the principles of indivisibility and equality. In theory, these constitutional norms conflict with minority claims such as regional or indigenous identity, and also with international laws that recognize a right to internal self-determination, to effective participation as well as specific and collective rights. From the inner side, the French and the Norwegian States have both experimented, during the 1980s, political and cultural conflicts with part of Corsica Island and with indigenous sámi people. Since the eighteenth century, Corsican and sámi people have been exposed to cultural, political and juridical domination from the nation-states. As they became key-actors, they, ever since, claim for legal and institutional adaptations from the French and Norwegian unitary States in order to protect, to maintain and to develop their distinctive cultural identities. In addition, local autonomy, cultural diversity, minorities and indigenous rights set forth in recent norms from the United Nations and the Council of Europe lead all involved States, whatever their form, to engage in a process of internal reforms based on dialogues and concertation with their cultural minorities. French and Norwegian legal reforms about Corsica and sámi identities are pursued according to different framework: one is based on territorial decentralization and the other on internal self-determination. However, in practice and through concertation and pragmatically approach, these reforms create dynamic and accommodated State-frameworks taking into account cultural pluralism, and thus enabling (re)conciliation of the French and the Norwegian unitary States with the corsican and sámi identities
Bouquet-Elkaïm, Jérôme. "La construction du droit des peuples autochtones : droit international et pluralisme juridique." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR1003.
Full textMoretti, Marco. "Le droit international public et les peuples nomades." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0016.
Full textBetween the XVIth and the half of the XIXth century the international legal personality and the sovereignty of nomadic peoples were recognised both by the authors of International Law and by the States in their relationships with those peoples. At this time, the principles of international Law were different from the actual ones and derived from the law of nature. In this context any society endowed with a political organisation was considered as independent and sovereign, without any consideration for the form and the level of development of this organisation. Around the half of the XIXth century, however, naturalists concepts were abandoned and a new positive concept of International Law asserted itself. According to this new concept, International Law resulted exclusively from the principles set up and recognised by the States in their mutual relationships. Therefore, the rights of societies not yet organised in accordance with State's structure were no longer recognized by International Law. At the end of the second world war, as a consequence of the development of the international system of protection of human rights, the collective rights and distinct legal personality of non-State entities like peoples struggling for self-determination, minorities and indigenous peoples, were recognised and affirmed by International Law. Nomadic peoples fitting in one of those three legal categories, are nowadays protected and recognised by international law
Sepúlveda, Bastien. "Les Mapuches du Chili : des représentations aux pratiques de l'espace : géographie(s) d'un territoire autochtone." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL014.
Full textBased on the investigation conducted in the mapuche land in Chile, this Ph. D proposes a geographical approach of the indigenous question and its resurgence in the latin-american public sphere. It brings about the different ways of questioning State to which indian leaders claim their ancestral territories. Discourses about territory and its representations are being examinated through the deconstruction of a geographical imaginary rooted in rural and traditional communities idealized as the reproduction place of a frozen culture. Based on the field work carried out in both the rural communities and urban areas towards migration process is going on, this Ph. D demonstrates the gap between proclaimed and experienced territorialities. An explanation can be found in the influence exerted by the State in the ways of conceiving and representing territory in a contemporary colonial context. Finally, this Ph. D attempts to reveal that multiple readings of a same space are working out to set down the bases of a geography of mapuche territory
Depelteau, Julie. "Nitaskinan, territoire : analyse des discours des représentants politiques des Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok et des gouvernements coloniaux, 1973-2004." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39368.
Full textGobit, Johanna. "Territoire politique et identités autochtones-spatialités en mutation : le cas de la communauté inuit des îles Belcher au Nunavut (Canada)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30029.
Full textOn April, 1st 1999, the creation of a third territory called Nunavut led to a reorganisation of the internal boundaries of Canada. After some 30-year negociations, Nunavut has become a territory with a strong identity, but with no ethnic meaning. The land is peopled up to 85% by Inuit natives who follow their own policy. To understand the way the Inuit have built Nunavut and now experience and dream it on a day-to-day basis, our investigation led us to a conceptual, epistemological and methodological inquiry. We first questioned the research methods that were used by our predecessors and some basic concepts underlying Western geographical notions such as that of "territory". In achieving a form of political territory, the Inuit had to fit their own conception of the territory -based on a cosmogony in which the Earth is the mother of men- to the Western ideological model of territory. By acknowledging the right men have upon the Earth, the Nunavut political territory disrupts the foundations of the inuit sense of place. When they chose to belong to Nunavut, the Inuit community of the Belcher islands turned their back on the social and spatial networks that connected them to Nunavik. They decided instead that their essential spatial identity should be linked to the core territory of Hudson Bay and James Bay. This example shows that the creation of Nunavut led to the expression of a foundational sense of place. This was mainly possible because of the way Inuit leaders negotiated with the Federal, by instilling their own cultural values at each step of the negotiations. Nunavut materializes the adjustment of a territorial model by a native ideology of space
Le, Bonniec Fabien. "La fabrication des territoires mapuche au Chili de 1884 à nos jours : communautés, connaissances et État." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0406.
Full textThis thesis explores the conditions that led to the emergence of Mapuche territory from the late 19th century to the present day, through the incorporation of this indigenous population within the Chilean nation. It puts forth the practices of actors who, within different historical and social contexts, helped transform claims to land from Mapuche-Chilean peasnats, into territorial claims in the name of the Mapuche people. The history of the Tolten communities, looked at alongside that of Mapuche organisations and public policy, illustrates the local and global processes of territorial reconstruction, characterized by a metamorphosis of the reducciones, founded in the late 19th century, into socio-political aggregates believed to have disappeared. More than a well-delimitated physical reality, fixed in time and space, Mapuche territory appears as powerful meta-history, which makes it real to a great number of people fighting in its name today. Within the multi-cultural context of Chile, Mapuche territory has become a true battlefield where arrahgements and classifications are concerned, since a great variety of people are invested. Because reflection upon the various stages of this investigative work occupies a central place in this research, this thesis leads us both to comprehend the transformations in the notion of Mapuche territory, and to reflect on how to practice historical and political ethnography concerning social conflicts
Beaulieu, Alain. "Ne faire qu'un seul peuple? : Iroquois et Français à l'"âge héroïque" de la Nouvelle-France (1600-1660)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23872.
Full textParent, Alexandra. "Couverture journalistique des affaires de droit relatif aux peuples autochtones au Québec : le cas d'Idle no more." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25248.
Full textPréaud, Martin. "Loi et Culture en Pays Aborigènes: Anthropologie des Réseaux Autochtones du Kimberley, Nord-ouest de l'Australie." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653860.
Full textMorin, Maxime. "Le rôle politique des abbés Pierre Maillard, Jean-Louis Le Loutre et François Picquet dans les relations franco-amérindiennes à la fin du Régime français (1734-1763)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26720/26720.pdf.
Full textLoranger-Saindon, Arianne. "Médias, Innus et Allochtones. L'image des Premières Nations dans les journaux de la Côte-Nord et ses effets sur les rapports interethniques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19521.
Full textFortier, Jean-François. "Premières Nations, mécanismes de participation et gestion des forêts : étude comparative des méthodes, des discours et des pratiques participatives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24887/24887.pdf.
Full textCiavolella, Riccardo. "Le pouvoir aux marges : les Fulaabe et l' État mauritanien." Paris, EHESS, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292887.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the relationship of some pastoral Fulani (FulaaBe) with the Mauritanian State, referring to a 13-months fieldwork in the capital city and a southern region (border with Mali). Living in the margins of state control, the FulaaBe have been incorporated into the state only in the '80s. This allows to understand how the historical trajectory of the group and the state-building process cross. Thus, the study focuses on two dynamics : on one hand, the construction of social and political marginality by logics of inclusion and exclusion from citizenship ("ethnic"persecutions of 1989, "autochtony" discourses, elitism and governance); and on the other, marginal citizens' strategies and tactics to cope with their condition (informal practices, political imaginaries, urban-rural relationships, associations, political criticism)
Capitaine, Brieg. "Autochtonie et modernité : l'expérience des Innus au Canada." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0122.
Full textThe concept of modernity is intrinsically based on a break marking the boundary between modern society and the past. Indigenous peoples thus represent a real test case for social scientists who were able to observe in situ the multiple facets of the advent of a world that promised much freedom and progress but also uncertainty and lack of freedom. How do indigenous peoples experience modernity and what meaning do they give to their actions? This thesis is based on the ethnography of two Innu reserves in Quebec, more than thirty semi-structured interviews with actors of both communities, and an analysis of American Indian politics, legal documents and newspaper articles. This thesis focuses on the individuals without neglecting the forms of power that influence them, and explores the tension that indigenous societies experience in the creation of modern societies. While for over thirty years, the Innu fought for freedom and resisted the Canadian state, their actions also contributed to their confinement in a collective identity of victimization. This paradox inherent to the the indigenous movement took not the downfall of the Canadian nation-state, but rather one of the actors in its resurgence. Finally, aside from some political action that has been deemed destructive, certain individuals have taken it upon themselves to create a society that is no longer determined by the rules of the existing social system, but is a product of the identity of those at «the bottom». In conclusion, this thesis explores, through the double analysis of the subjectification by freedom, and of the political action for freedom, the tension that characterizes indigenous modernity
Bahida, Abderrahmane. "Le sud marocain et les Français : 1912-1930." Rennes 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN20029.
Full textThe south of Morocco was the last place with strong resistance that had a real position against the penetration of the army and its colonisation. In fact, although the French army had reached and colonised some places there, in Morocco, the south organised itself to resist in spite of its inferiority in number and quality its equipment. And, if there were not the air force army and the politics actions there to opposided and to devide the population, the south people could get more resistance for a longer time and braked the process of invasion of the French plog. So, we asked our selves about the movement of resistance of the south. We started to think the means of it and how it had been seen. If, we locked at the archives of French army, we’ll realised that for them, the resistance of the south was only a movement of villains and foreigner of the low; but they were not brigands nor rebeliouses. They were really the people that defended their territory their owns. They were the real aspiration of the population which had been founded in clears bases
Pinsonneault, Audrey. "Donner naissance en Bolivie : regard sur les rapports ethniques et la résistance autochtone dans la province de Chapare." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28460/28460.pdf.
Full textValderrama, González Maria Isabel. "Limites de la gobernanza en territorio indigena : representaciones y discursos alrededor del ordenamiento territorial en Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01472501.
Full textThis research examines the obstacles related to the implementation of a governance system in an indigenous Colombian territory. The case of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, in the heart of diverging interests, makes it both difficult to reconcile the antagonist viiews about territory and territorial development, and balance of power between the government, companies and the indigenous peoples. This situation undermines the effective participation of the lmatter in spaces of negotiation especially since, even though the government presents itself as a form of articulation and institutional coordinator, it does not take into account the different value systems. Furthermore, whereas territorial governance favors diverse interests, the indigenous people demand the autonomy of their territory
Roy, Jean-Olivier. "Une compréhension critique des nations et du nationalisme autochtones au Canada : traditionalisme et modernité politique et étude de cas sur les Innus au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25757.
Full textThis dissertation examines the evolving nature of indigenous nations and nationalism in Canada. Nations self-identification and normative foundations of indigenous nationalism are mainly rooted in tradition and continuity. In return, we note the increasing integration of indigenous discourse in a very modern repertoire, making use of concepts such as "self-determination", "sovereignty" citizenship and "government", among others, as certain political elites and citizens actions demonstrate a modern conception of the nation. Research therefore focuses on the impact of tradition and modernity in the contemporary definition of the nation and the indigenous nationalism. This research proposes a cross perspective between political thought, empirical analysis, and normative theories. Two interpretive scenarios are considered. First, the thesis of continuity, following the primordialist approach, where one would observe among Aboriginals the presence, prior to contact with Europeans and the advent of modernity, of nations and structured political elements. It is a dominant speech among Aboriginal nationalist elites. A second scenario, derived from the theory of ethnosymbolism, does not exclude that some core elements have remained, such as myths, symbols, traditions, and that nations are formed around pre-existing ethnic cores. However, it also takes into account the evolution towards more political standards, due to the impact of modernity and the influence of surrounding nations and nationalism. This scenario is favored in the research. Following the observation of various types of contemporary indigenous nationalism in Canada, with regard to the relation with the state, its structures and the role playing by elites and citizens. Then, a case study is presented, that of the Innu in Quebec, consisting of interviews with key players, which allows to verify the validity of the interpretative scenario. In parallel, research has a considerable normative part. The latter, based on the self-determination of nations, examines the normative assumptions of Aboriginal nationalism which perform a synthesis between tradition and modernity. To conclude, some reformulation of the nature of Aboriginal nations and nationalism is proposed, in which the normative bases, mainly rooted in the past, are reconsidered by integrating and taking more modern elements as well, depending on the conclusions reached by the research.
Tanguay, Jean. "La liberté d'errer et de vaquer : les Hurons de Lorette et l'occupation du territoire, XVIIe-XIXe siècles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28449.
Full textRuest, Bélanger Catherine Éva. "Vers une gouvernance communautaire des forêts : visions mapuches pour un projet de parc national au Chili." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32566.
Full textNinh, Xuân Thao. "L'État du Viêt-Nam dans ses rapports avec la France (1949-1955) : une autre voie pour l'indépendance du Viêt-Nam." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30037.
Full text“The State of Vietnam” (État du Viêt-Nam) remains a controversial subject among the “shadows” of the modern Vietnam history. After the failure of the 1946-negotiations, Hồ Chí Minh government committed to the military solution against the French, for the independence of Vietnam. On the other camp, Bảo Đại, nationalists and pro-French collaborators were moving towards a peaceful strategy of gaining Independence. With the agreements of March 8, 1949, “the State of Vietnam” was born, led by Chief of State Bảo Đại. This was a political structure associated with France and belong to the French Union. Between March 1949 and October 1955, six Council President (Bảo Đại, Nguyễn Phan Long, Trần Văn Hữu, Nguyễn Văn Tâm, Bửu Lộc, Ngô Đình Diệm) led ten Cabinets to maintain a non-communist nationalist state in the midst of the first Indochina War and the Cold War. The existence of the State of Vietnam facilitated the emergence of Vietnamese nationalism which gave birth to the Republic of Vietnam in October 1955 headed by Ngô Đình Diệm. Its legacy had long-lasting impacts on the fate of the modern Vietnam
Hébert-Sherman, Dominic. "Légitimité politique, droits ancestraux et gestion du territoire forestier : le cas de la Forêt habitée de La Doré." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27722/27722.pdf.
Full textBernard, Virginie. "Quand l'Etat se mêle de la "tradition" : la lutte des Noongars du Sud-Ouest australien pour leur reconnaissance." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH053.
Full textThis thesis seeks to account for the responses that the Noongar Aborigines from the South West of Western Australia display to the discourses of "tradition" and "modernity" that are built within institutions and by state actors, with whom they interact and to which they are in turn confronted. The study of these discourses, the conditions of their production and their effects makes it possible to consider the concepts of “tradition” and “modernity” as means of action and social techniques mobilised to eliminate cultural difference in the implementation of a “common becoming”.The Australian state produces its own antagonistic definitions of “tradition” and “modernity”, categories thought to be mutually exclusive. In some contexts, Noongars are expected to be “traditional”, while in others they must be “modern”. The Noongars are thus caught in a contradiction: they tend towards “modernity” to remain “traditional” and, conversely, they are kept in their “traditions” when they have to show “modernity”. In their various attempts to integrate into the Australian nation, while retaining their specificities, the Noongars are redefining their “cultural identity”. For this, they appropriate, challenge, negotiate the image of the Aboriginality presented to them and shape their own contemporary identity, without radically opposing the national myth of Aboriginality.By analysing the various processes by which the Noongar Aborigines claim their recognition and attempt to acquire a degree of sovereignty within a nation-state, this thesis enriches reflections on Indigeneity as a political and contingent category. It is about addressing indigenous issues as discursive realities that need to be analysed in the particular ethnographic contexts in which they are produced and articulated
Rousseau, Louis-Pascal. "Étude sur les frontières identitaires des collectivités métisses au Canada depuis leur émergence jusqu'à aujourd'hui." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17845.
Full textBourgeois, Sabrina. "Comprendre la construction du "moratoire administratif" sur l'exploration/l'exploitation uranifère : l'influence des coalitions allochtones et autochtones." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27503.
Full textIn the early 2000s, Quebec regions had a surge in uranium exploration after the substantial increase of the uranium prices in the markets. These uranium exploration projects were confronted with growing citizens and politics mobilizations who questioned the industry expertise and the government capacity to protect the public interests and the environment. Based on the advocacy coalition framework, this thesis seeks to explain the Quebec government’s decision to suspend the certificates of authorization (in other words, to impose an administrative moratorium) in the uranium industry even though the most advanced project, the Matoush Project, received all the administrative authorization. By studying and comparing the mobilized coalitions on this issue and their influence on the successive governments, this research should bring a new light on neglected elements of analysis from the advocacy coalition framework.
Mazars, Nadège. "Les ruses de la pratique subalterne. La santé gérée par les autochtones en Colombie, un multiculturalisme de domination et/ou d'autonomie ?" Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030019.
Full textIn 1993, Colombia reformed its healthcare system by following the orientations brought out by the political Constitution adopted in 1991 and the prescriptions emanating from the « Washington consensus ». The country enters a new political era in which social issues are redefined around the theme of poverty, whereas ethnic issues acquire a new visibility. In this context, Entities Promoting Indigenous Health (EPIH) are created from the generic model of EPHs, which are public administrative bodies dealing with healthcare affiliations and budgets and play an intermediary role between the State and the patient. The EPIH is closely intertwined with the native world. In fact, these entities manage the access to health care services for a population that must be of great majority native. The personnel and agents that run these entities are recruited in the native social and political realm. Furthermore, what is known as the "traditional" authority fully supervises these entities. To officially represent these native communities, these authorities give to the EPSI a public legal status, which confers them a distinctive character in the health care system more generally undergoing privatization reforms. What are the consequences of bringing in indigenous authorities and agents of these health agencies in the administration of public affairs? What are the effect on power relations and/or expressions of autonomy generated by the concrete application of this multiculturalism? Analyzing the issues that are brought out in the realm of intercultural health, this thesis is structured around three main parts. The first part will define the paradigm in which are thought out, from a state perspective, the interculturality of the health care system to understand how politics of multiculturalism, through integration, become a method of domination. The modus operandi of neo-liberal governance is based on the notion of empowerment, i.e. indigenous participation to the health care system being one of its manifestations. The second part will study the dialectical dimension of multiculturalism politics based on an ethnographic study conducted in three EPIH in three states (Cauca, César, La Guajira). The concrete application of this politics of multiculturalism leads to a re-interpretation of its meaning and an re-appropriation of social power dynamnics (territorial control, biopolitics) through which become possible the construction of autonomous indigenous space. However, the third part will analyze how this autonomy is only made possible by preexisting social, collective, and historical dynamics, which enabled a group of agents to produce a discourse and their own application of public affairs. We will thus study with the help of biographical narratives how it is possible to form counterpublics by looking at the habitus of the agents and at the local and global moral economy that helped shape these counterpublics
Roosen, Sylvie. "Des "Plaines des Promesses" aux solitudes du "bush" (Nord-Est australien) : affirmations identitaires dans une région vide d'hommes." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040197.
Full textEven though the multiculturalism of the Australian urban society diffused overseas, the bicultural aspect of the bush is often forgotten : the Australian bush is whether Aboriginal, whether non-Aboriginal. .
Brownlie, Robin. "A fatherly eye, two Indian agents on Georgian Bay, 1918-1939." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ27779.pdf.
Full textGonthier, Karine. "Mouvement paysan maya de 1847 au Yucatan : regard historiographique sur les origines de la guerre des castes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28574.
Full textSawaya, Jean-Pierre. "Les Sept-Nations du Canada et les Britanniques, 1759-1774 : alliance et dépendance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66334.pdf.
Full textRowe, Allan. "The surveillance of the Chinese in Canada during the Great War." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ61490.pdf.
Full textGiral, Gisela. ""Supplient très humblement-- We humbly beg--" : les pétitions collectives et le développement de la sphère publique au Québec, 1764-1791." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30084/30084.pdf.
Full textThis thesis examines the contribution of collective petitions to the development of Quebec's public sphere in the second half of the eighteenth century. It examines these using the concepts of public, public sphere, public opinion, and spaces of sociability. The study is based on a detailed analysis of some 278 collective petitions from the establishment of civil government in 1764 until the creation of the parliamentary system in 1791. In the absence of traditional representative institutions, collective petitioning to colonial authorities became an essential tool for influencing political and administrative decisions. A long-standing practice in England but rare in New France, collective petitioning allowed for the participation of a broad swathe of the colony's population in the colonial public sphere: old and new subjects, men and women, elites and ordinary people.
Sawaya, Jean-Pierre. "Les Sept Nations du Canada : traditions d'alliance dans le Nord-Est, XVIIIe-XIXe siècles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28435.
Full textMichaux, Emmanuel. "Ni Amérindiens ni Eurocanadiens : une approche néomoderne du culturalisme métis au Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25801.
Full textAdopting a post-structuralist perspective in line with historical anthropology, this thesis examines the recent ethnicisation phenomenon involving groups from eastern Canada who designate themselves as “Métis”. The aim is to make sense of this event by considering it as a cultural process identified as “culturalism”. The study relies mainly on interviews conducted in various regions of Canada with individuals of French-Canadian descent who emphasize their native ancestry. Eastern Métis have started getting organized on the political scene within the last decades, and this has caused their perspectives to confront those of the dominant socio-cultural order. Indeed, the Canadian authorities express some serious reservations about this increasingly pressing call for recognition. Rather than considering solely the political and legal dimensions of this phenomenon, this research unveils cultural resistances as well as conflicting logics, world views and collective memories found on both sides of this complex dialectics. This thesis focuses on the study of the concerns of the Métis with regards to cultural continuity, especially when it comes to providing game and fish for food purposes. They are aware that certain essential aspects of their cultural heritage are now threatened, especially in a context of capitalist development that impacts on the sociopolitical scene. The Métis call upon their memory and express their collective awareness of change which they view as a modification of their specificities and that is in fact the cultural cause for their efforts towards ethnicity. Using a comparative and multi-sited approach as well as fieldwork data seldom exploited in eastern Canada Métis studies, this research sheds a new light on the phenomenon of ethnicisation. The post-structural perspective adopted here is meant to allow a better comprehension of the issues and challenges that eastern Métis have been confronted to since the nineteenth century. I discuss the way Métis culturalism can be considered as the moment when culturally specific collective action arises, in the face of particular events.
Calverley, David. "Who controls the hunt? Ontario's Game Act, the Canadian government and the Ojibwa, 1800-1940." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0025/NQ48091.pdf.
Full textJetten, Marc. "Les réductions amérindiennes de Nouvelle-France (1637-1701) : l'Église naissante du Canada?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28451.
Full textArce, Dario. "L'Uruguay ou le rêve d'un extrême-occident : mémoires et histoire du malencontre indien." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967022.
Full textNicolas-Vullierme, Magali. "Les Rangers canadiens et les Rangers Juniors canadiens : vecteur de sécurité humaine des Inuit canadiens." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV008.
Full textThis research focuses on identifying elements that can create an enabling environment for the protection of human security in Canada's Arctic communities. This study focuses on Nunavik, whose communities suffer from malaise and from many risks related to the concept of human security. To determine if this concept is applied in Canadian Arctic domestic policy, this research analyzes relational dynamics within Canadian Ranger patrols. Canadian Rangers’ patrols are composed mainly of indigenous under the responsibility of non-indigenous instructors. This exploratory research result of an analysis of a corpus of twenty-one interviews and field observations conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Quebec. According to our data, Rangers and Junior Ranger patrols function thanks to balanced relationships respecting Aboriginal culture. These balanced relationships help strengthening the human security of Arctic communities. According to this exploratory study, this reinforcement results from the relational dynamics and the support provided by the Arctic communities to these patrols. The Canadian government, through Canadian Ranger and Canadian Junior Ranger patrols, is thus indirectly contributing to the enhancement of human security in its Arctic communities in Quebec
Brunelle, Patrick. "Un cas de colonialisme canadien : les Hurons de Lorette entre la fin du XIXe siècle et le début du XXe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33589.pdf.
Full textBaronnet, Bruno. "Autonomía y educación indígena : las escuelas zapatistas de las cañadas de la selva Lacandona de Chiapas, México." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030087.
Full textBased on the educational practices of the Zapatista peasants of Chiapas, autonomy is conceptualized as the collective construction of a project of Indian peoples in a field of domination and social resistance. At the center of the dispute with the nation state, control over educators by the communities who designate and evaluate them is put into perspective with other contexts, discourses and actions of indigenous political organizations in Latin America. Before 1994, Indian education programs, primarily clandestine, as in the Quiché [Guatemala] and Cauca [Colombia], were antecedents to the Zapatista experience of radical autonomy. As endogenous policies, sui generis, and historically located in multicultural territories or refuges, they call into question the capacity and legitimacy of the nation state in the administrative and pedagogical management of schools. With the authority of the assembly of families and of new communitarian roles! [including the “promoters of education”], the power relations and the social positions of intermediation are being reconfigured between State actors and rebel territories. The active participation of Tzeltal activists contributes to the social appropriation of the school, thus becoming a barrier against social differentiation and cultural assimilation. This participation is an engine for dignity and legitimacy in managing space and time at school, as well as methods and contents. Changes related to autonomy destabilize the status quo in terms of the organization of the school, the political role and work of teachers, and the educational choices relevant for Zapatistas indigenous people