Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autochtonie'
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Capitaine, Brieg. "Autochtonie et modernité : l'expérience des Innus au Canada." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0122.
Full textThe concept of modernity is intrinsically based on a break marking the boundary between modern society and the past. Indigenous peoples thus represent a real test case for social scientists who were able to observe in situ the multiple facets of the advent of a world that promised much freedom and progress but also uncertainty and lack of freedom. How do indigenous peoples experience modernity and what meaning do they give to their actions? This thesis is based on the ethnography of two Innu reserves in Quebec, more than thirty semi-structured interviews with actors of both communities, and an analysis of American Indian politics, legal documents and newspaper articles. This thesis focuses on the individuals without neglecting the forms of power that influence them, and explores the tension that indigenous societies experience in the creation of modern societies. While for over thirty years, the Innu fought for freedom and resisted the Canadian state, their actions also contributed to their confinement in a collective identity of victimization. This paradox inherent to the the indigenous movement took not the downfall of the Canadian nation-state, but rather one of the actors in its resurgence. Finally, aside from some political action that has been deemed destructive, certain individuals have taken it upon themselves to create a society that is no longer determined by the rules of the existing social system, but is a product of the identity of those at «the bottom». In conclusion, this thesis explores, through the double analysis of the subjectification by freedom, and of the political action for freedom, the tension that characterizes indigenous modernity
Bignon, Carole. "Légitimités citadines et pratiques foncières à Douala." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC024/document.
Full textStudying processes of legitimations by city dwellers in Douala, Cameroon’s economic capital, with the prism of land invites to an analysis of the discourses and practices of the inhabitants in order to negotiate their place in the city – more or less durably, with regard to a plurality of actors. Taking into account the authoritarian situation in Cameroon and a strong rural-urban dichotomy within common representations, the citadinité (“is cityness”) in Douala nothing short of a hassle and can be questioned in some cases. To be in Douala and to be from Douala are not the same and this is translated by the recognition - or not - of a legitimacy to occupy space, according to parameters of identity and social practices. The confrontation between three districts - Bonabéri, New-Bell, Akwa - gave us three different viewpoints on city-dwellers' legitimacies.Various legitimizing aspects are questioned, including the importance of taking into account the identity dimension. In this context, analyzing the importance of autochthony in city-dwellers’ representations and translating it spatially shows how, even though this register of (de)legitimation is saturating, room of manoeuvre exists in particular because of this autochthony notion’s fuzzy definition. The relation with official standards is also questioned, considering the ability to play, negotiate, and circumvent them in a context where there are huge discrepancies between official standards and actual land practices. The study of an eviction that occurred in 2014, however, shows the limits of the strategies of the inhabitants, revealing a conflict of norms. The dwellers' answers through the material and social production of the urban space, in a marshy and/or floodable context and faced with the lack of solutions proposed by the State, give rise to an interpellation of the latter
Bouet, Bruno. "Reconnaissance de l’autochtonie et déclinisme environnemental au sein des Parcs nationaux français : L’exemple du Parc national de La Réunion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0178.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis is about the recognition of local and indigenous people within protected areas in general and French National Parks in particular. From global to local scales, this process appears to be the result of an axiological principle that is not necessarily new but which nevertheless increasingly conditions the legitimacy and effectiveness of public environmental action. The recognition of local and indigenous people would thus have become one of the conditions for achieving greater environmental justice within protected areas, particularly internationally.We question how this process has been extended to French National Parks, in particular through the analysis of the causes and effects of their recent reform (2006). How could this recognition be taken up and possibly redefined in the institutionalization of the so-called "new generation" national parks? Consequently, to what effects does this "French-style" recognition make it possible to achieve locally, in terms of environmental inequality? Our demonstration is based on the notion of "indigenous capital" (Retière, 2003) and argues that local social groups able to demonstrate their "indigenous environmental capital" to national park management authorities would be in the best position to keep intact their uses of these protected areas.To better address the issue of local people’s recognition "under conditions", we investigated the recent Reunion Island National Park (2007), presented with the Amazonian Park of French Guyana and the Calanques National Park as new generation parks. This survey, based on several other points of comparison, leads us to see Reunion Island National Park (PNRun) as an ecocentric integrating framework of different global and territorial narratives. “Environmental declinism”, both local and globalized, is the most prominent of these stories. Nevertheless, a “local cultural” and an “economic catch-up” narratives coexist with the first one. The PNRun, urged to recognize them due to the doctrine of sustainable development, appears as an ever-changing and unstable combination of these three - potentially contradictory - narratives.The traditional and customary conflicts within French National Parks (Larrère, 2009) can thus be understood as part of a competition between stories and their bearers, who can challenge or support the National Park's own way of administering, but also of "telling" the territory that supports it. The current challenge for French National Parks, in regard of the 2006 reform, is to allow and accept that this policy narrative is the result of a collective construction, and no longer an exercise reserved for some scientific, political and social elites who have always constituted its preferred audiences. In a postcolonial context such as on Reunion Island, this challenge seems all the more acute as the local "concern" for a narrative which is reparative of cultural, social and environmental injustices is important, even sine qua non
Lafforgue, Laetitia. "La condition des artistes féminines contemporaines autochtones au sein du paysage culturel québécois." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11913.
Full textSoiron, Mélanie. "La longévité politique : ou les fondements symboliques du pouvoir politique au Gabon." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12006/document.
Full textBased on an initial question related to the Gabonese President’s longevity, we have highlighted the symbolic foundations of the political power in Gabon. These foundations are present within the four major state’s institutions. A detailed study of the conditions that led to the creation and evolution of these institutions allowed us to discover the logic behind the autochthony in the Parliament, the seniority in the Senate, the filiations (real and fictive) in the Government and finally the various representations supporting the Presidency. On this last point, we can distinguish an analogy between the two presidential institutions that followed each other from the fact that the actual head of State incarnates dynamics that are anterior to him and beyond his control. These relationships with power have been integrated with the previously quoted institutions. So they became natural, legitimate and stable. As a consequence, various symbolisms related to territoriality, seniority or filiation founds the existing institutions and allow the Head of State to perpetuate his function leading to the political stability observed in the last four decades
Boudaa, Louiza. "L'évolution de la conception de la famille dans l'œuvre camusienne." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080086.
Full textThe notion of family is highly central to Camus’s work. The axial nature of this concept is an impetus to begin this thesis which aims at examining the expanse of this concept on Camus’s thinking. This major theme is supported by other ones as brotherhood, solidarity and above all humanity. We have chosen to divide it on four parts of analysis:The first part deals with natural descent. It is more about the impact of family characters on Camus’s work than on the autobiographical side; dealt throughout the three adopted cycles Absurdism, revolt, and at last love and reconciliation. The evolution of the son character towards the cycle of revolt in the mid of inevitable ups and downs took part in the emergence of fraternity desire, and this is the major theme in the second part. The study of this trend towards brotherhood has allowed us to uncover a necessary measure in the relationships. This measure recalled in “the eloquent silence” enhance the importance of “la pensée solaire” inherent in the ancestral Mediterranean Sea, and this makes it an object of study in the third part. The paradigms linked to this ancestral Sea are not exclusively specific to one community without another. Their adoption in Camus’s work allowed it to strive towards a larger parenthood; the parenthood of humanity dealt with in the last part. We have concluded by asserting the necessity of imagining the “first man” happy. The incompletion of Le Premier homme should not blur the evolution of the family conception to a human relationship, highlighted in the myth of autochthony
Bernard, Virginie. "Quand l'Etat se mêle de la "tradition" : la lutte des Noongars du Sud-Ouest australien pour leur reconnaissance." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH053.
Full textThis thesis seeks to account for the responses that the Noongar Aborigines from the South West of Western Australia display to the discourses of "tradition" and "modernity" that are built within institutions and by state actors, with whom they interact and to which they are in turn confronted. The study of these discourses, the conditions of their production and their effects makes it possible to consider the concepts of “tradition” and “modernity” as means of action and social techniques mobilised to eliminate cultural difference in the implementation of a “common becoming”.The Australian state produces its own antagonistic definitions of “tradition” and “modernity”, categories thought to be mutually exclusive. In some contexts, Noongars are expected to be “traditional”, while in others they must be “modern”. The Noongars are thus caught in a contradiction: they tend towards “modernity” to remain “traditional” and, conversely, they are kept in their “traditions” when they have to show “modernity”. In their various attempts to integrate into the Australian nation, while retaining their specificities, the Noongars are redefining their “cultural identity”. For this, they appropriate, challenge, negotiate the image of the Aboriginality presented to them and shape their own contemporary identity, without radically opposing the national myth of Aboriginality.By analysing the various processes by which the Noongar Aborigines claim their recognition and attempt to acquire a degree of sovereignty within a nation-state, this thesis enriches reflections on Indigeneity as a political and contingent category. It is about addressing indigenous issues as discursive realities that need to be analysed in the particular ethnographic contexts in which they are produced and articulated
Boudaa, Louiza. "L'évolution de la conception de la famille dans l'œuvre camusienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080086.
Full textThe notion of family is highly central to Camus’s work. The axial nature of this concept is an impetus to begin this thesis which aims at examining the expanse of this concept on Camus’s thinking. This major theme is supported by other ones as brotherhood, solidarity and above all humanity. We have chosen to divide it on four parts of analysis:The first part deals with natural descent. It is more about the impact of family characters on Camus’s work than on the autobiographical side; dealt throughout the three adopted cycles Absurdism, revolt, and at last love and reconciliation. The evolution of the son character towards the cycle of revolt in the mid of inevitable ups and downs took part in the emergence of fraternity desire, and this is the major theme in the second part. The study of this trend towards brotherhood has allowed us to uncover a necessary measure in the relationships. This measure recalled in “the eloquent silence” enhance the importance of “la pensée solaire” inherent in the ancestral Mediterranean Sea, and this makes it an object of study in the third part. The paradigms linked to this ancestral Sea are not exclusively specific to one community without another. Their adoption in Camus’s work allowed it to strive towards a larger parenthood; the parenthood of humanity dealt with in the last part. We have concluded by asserting the necessity of imagining the “first man” happy. The incompletion of Le Premier homme should not blur the evolution of the family conception to a human relationship, highlighted in the myth of autochthony
Vallée, Kiliane. "L'utilisation du système de santé et des services sociaux non autochtones chez la population autochtone vivant en milieu urbain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28248.
Full textThis research focuses on the use of health and social services by the Aboriginal peoples living in urban areas. Studies on the subject show that there are social inequalities in this population, which results, among other things, in a difficulty in accessing these services. The lack of culturally appropriate services and the presence of discrimination among providers are the two main factors raised by the scientific literature about this issue. In a culturalist approach, the cultural peculiarities of First Nations, Métis and Inuit are put forward to explain it. This study offers a different take on the issue by examining the experience of First Nations people in terms of their relationships with professionals in the health and social services. In what ways do they feel perceived by them? What are the impacts of these impressions on their experience and use of services? The results show that First Nations people experience different experiences, ranging from satisfaction to loss of confidence in the services received. However, the negative elements spontaneously raised by the participants are more often organizational than relational. The First Nations people who participated in this thesis are looking for empathic professionals and egalitarian relationships.
Traoré, Ramatou. "Eau, territoire et conflits : analyse des enjeux de la gestion communautaire de l'eau au Burkina Faso : l'exemple du bassin versant du Nakambé." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718597.
Full textThéberge, Sarah. "Traduction française de récits autochtones du Canada comportant des mots empruntés aux langues indigènes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2605.
Full textAUBRY, HORY ANNICK. "Le paludisme autochtone." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR15001.
Full textAUBRY, HORY ANNICK. "Le paludisme autochtone." Strasbourg 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR10894.
Full textPréaud, Martin. "Loi et Culture en Pays Aborigènes: Anthropologie des Réseaux Autochtones du Kimberley, Nord-ouest de l'Australie." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653860.
Full textMONGES, RENE. "Abces amibien hepatique autochtone." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20277.
Full textÉtienne, Guillaume. "Religion, ethnicité et patrimoine : un pélerinage berrichon approprié par les migrations." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2024/document.
Full textBased on the study of a local pilgrimage in the midst of France, witch appropriation was done by the Portuguese migrants of the area round 1960, this thesis questions the elaboration, expression and visibility, concerning their feeling as members of a community. These representations are built and expressed through both religious and ethnic, most often imbricated categories. This pilgrimage appears as a patrimonial moment, enhancing their attachment to Portugal and at the same time their claim for local roots. Or even autochthony, alongside those who, for various reasons, rather invest Christian identity. This thesis explores the complex construction of belongings, circumstances and ways in which they are expressed or, on the contrary fall silent, one hand from the analysis of the pilgrimage showing how participants perceive this annual event and mobilize alternately tradition, territory, religion or origin references, and secondly by highlighting the Church’s role, and especially that of the diocese in the making of an otherness rooted in a particularly inclusive religious context
Alba, Virginie. "Les productions littéraires de Jeannette C. Armstrong, Beth Brant et Lee Maracle : des exemples de l'activisme politique chez les femmes autochtones au Canada : une approche non-autochtone." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20115.
Full textThis thesis’ title reflects the topics which are dealt with in it as well as the perspective with which they are looked into, that is to say in a sympathetic and critical way, with a strong awareness of my own identity. This work finds its context within the frame work of a self-reflexive use of the feminist, postmodern and postcolonial theories in which the latter are applied to themselves. From the study of the literature considered here and following the theoretical questioning movement and the reading positions taken in this study, the dominating modern, feminist, postmodern and postcolonial theories in the literary, sociological, anthropological and political fields will be evaluated. The partial inadequacies of these theories as related to the realities and the goals pursued by native women in Canada will be unveiled. Drawing inspiration from native authors and native literature in general, and in particular from the theoretical contributions made in those fields by the authors and their writings, this thesis will outline the theoretical intertextuality of these texts attempt to shed some light on what the authors borrow and reject from these theories. This thesis also attempts to understand the diversity in the definitions of nativeness and Canadianness as well as the relations between orality and literature, between feminism end nativeness, two-spiritedness and nativeness and between traditions and renewed traditions. This research is organized to stand for an exchange space on the topic of the role and characteristics of women, men, “minorities”, of their speech acts in the states/nations/pluricultural or multicultural societies as well as an exchange space on the topic of the literary, philosophical, social, political orientations of today and tomorrow’s democratic societies. This work also attempts to show the necessity for the diffusion of the contents of these so-called minority authors and actor’s speech acts. At the same time, it also means to demonstrate that though the stakes of the multiple translations’ process implied are important and that the dangers of theoretical manicheisms and essentialisms this diffusion process involves are important, these works nonetheless reveal the imperative aspects of the realization of the communication negotiations bore by the translations
Karpe, Philippe. "Les collectivités autochtones." Paris 10, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005378.
Full textFor several decades, as well on the internal level as on the international level, the indigenous communities are as such the object of an increasing attention. That finds expression into many declarations, actions, protests and rules. By the knowledge and the analysis of these, many questions of a legal nature have come into view. Whatever they are - from the simplest (for example: what is in right an indigenous community?) to the most complicated (for example: is it enough to recognize rights and to arrange in right their relationship to guarantee a coexistence or healthy and perennial reconciliation between culturally and/or historically distinct populations?)-, these questions constitute the justification as well as the substrate of this research task. Relatively clear and complete answers can be brought to these various questions. Their statement supposes the research and the analysis of various types of documents resuiting from very varied sources concerning multiple fields. Basically, the indigenous communities constitute the populations which have the anteriority of occupation of a given state territory. Their legal statute must certainly envisage the recognition of their own law, as well as the restitution of their past rights. But none of these two measures may lead and require the adoption of discriminatories, segregatives and even exclusives rules and structures with respect to the non-indigenous (States and individuals). On the contrary, these measures have to be written in such a mariner that it take part in the establishment on cleansed bases of a new and effective community of life with the non-indigenous. The rules and the structures of this new and real community of life should be given on the basis of a complete and enlightened partnership between the populations concerned. Once specified, these rules and these structures will be basically guaranteed only by the adoption and the implementation of various programs and measures tending to ensure clear and whole knowledge and comprehension by the non-indigenous of the problems raised by the presence of the indigenous communities, as well as the terms of its resolution
Chavinier, Elsa. "Identité des origines, identité du devenir : perspectives géographiques : Chenchu des Nallamalais - Inde du Sud." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999560.
Full textGay, Brigitte. "Hydatidoses autochtones dans l'Hérault." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11111.
Full textVadot, Guillaume. "Les bras et le ventre : une sociologie politique des plantations industrielles dans le Cameroun contemporain." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3e91293e-767a-42e6-b135-1f81abc1f9c7.
Full textIndustrial plantations are currently Cameroon’s first private employment sector, and cover huge areas. Drawing on labour and organizational studies as well as political sociology, the thesis shows how much these peculiar spaces, often described as closed enclaves subject to desertification, are constrained by social processes and contribute to State-formation. To this end it gives special attention to material realities, life trajectories and social conflicts. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to a sociological description of the labour force, rank and file of workers but also members of management. It explores the experiences of labouring bodies, the social meanings of money, lifestyles, solidarities and social differentiations in order to portray the wide diversity of workers. It shows that gender (both womanhood and manhood), ethnicity, race, education or land possession are all imported and reshaped inside the plantation. The dissertation questions plantation workers’ trajectories and imaginaries, showing how such a labour force is deeply integrated within a wider whole, the Cameroonian working classes. The second part of the thesis shows how large estates participate in shaping both the Cameroonian territory and the current political order. Understood as organizations that are constantly in the making, these companies are manufactured by evolving spatial constraints, as well as constant labour shortages and conflicts. Plantations must then contend on a daily basis with numerous forms of resistance and contestation to maintain their geographical area and build their labour force. Land and employment issues are core to the making of the peculiar political topographies through which industrial plantations contribute to State formation in Cameroon. In that sense, the thesis suggests that the creative political role plaid by workplaces and labour issues have been underestimated in the study of land grabbing and of contemporary African societies. On a more theoretical level, the thesis, which builds upon a long-run ethnographic immersion in three agro-industrial plants, puts into discussion contributions from sociology and anthropology around labour, working classes, organizations, land and State
Saranchuk, Andrew. "Aboriginal and treaty rights : collective or individual rights? /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25728.pdf.
Full textChainey, Vicky. "Sur les traces des peuples autochtones entre 1924 et 1995 l'étude de leur influence sur le cadre institutionnel des Nations Unies /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
Find full textNaanani, Abdelhamid. "L'Hydatidose autochtone : à propos d'un cas urbain." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M063.
Full textClavreul, Mylène. "Le rôle de la Nation crie du Québec dans la gouvernance de la Baie James : dans quelle mesure?" Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6497.
Full textVinckel, Sandrine. "La violence et le silence : politiques de réconciliation, relations interpersonnelles et pratiques sociales de coexistence au Katanga, RDC." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D088/document.
Full textBased on the study of daily interactions between Katangese and Kasaians, in the aftermath of the mass violence committed against the non-native Kasaians in the early 1990s, the dissertation shows that in their face-to-face interactions (Goffman), Katangese and Kasaians used practices of coexistence based on avoidance, silence, and self-censorship. Silence on the past violence and on political topics that can be interpreted with regard to the conflict between the two communities has indeed became an interactional norm of peaceful coexistence, unlike the injunction of NGOs specialized in the 'bottom-up' pacification to set up a dialogue that is deemed to foster a mutual understanding. The dissertation also shows that specific political or socio-economic contexts lead to 'crisis situations' (Dobry; Vidal). These crisis situations result in the polarization of collective identities: Katangese and Kasaians are viewed only by their ethno-regional origins. The expectations about interaction situations are made more difficult, because of the “structural uncertainty” that characterizes 'crisis situations'; and the routine practices of coexistence based on self-censorship and avoidance tend to disappear. From these findings, the dissertation questions the moral injunctions in favor of reconciliation and dialogue, which are at the heart of the theories and practices of 'bottom-up' pacification, and even the eventuality of a “bottom-up” reconciliation spreading step by step a 'culture of peace', which would eventually permeate society as a whole
Muñoz, Azócar Diego. "Diaspora Rapanui (1871-2015). L’île de Pâques, le Chili continental et la Polynésie française : une ethnographie historique de la mobilité dans une société transnationale." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0066/document.
Full textThe present thesis revolves around a group of about 5000 people, native to Easter Island and how they construct their society, and their relationships within their island and their diasporic communities. It is about the construction of Rapanui identity, how and who is and recognized as "Rapanui". Although the island is the reference point par excellence for Rapanui identity, "Rapanui society" is not limited to this eastern Polynesian island, but includes its migrant communities located in mainland Chile (about half of the population) that lives mainly in the large metropolitan area of Santiago, plus a small number of people that live in Tahiti, French Polynesia. For the Rapanui, Tahiti is an important place in the history of the island and of the diaspora and in the configuration of a Polynesian identity. Rapanui diaspora is not a fixed diaspora but is characterized by the mobility of its people between these different places. The characterization of this diasporic process is the main theme of this thesis. Our study is anthropological and historical. We observed and analyzed contemporary communities in their daily lives (occupations, kinship relations, land tenure, relationship to history). Several field seasons were conducted between 2006 and 2014 in Hanga Roa, the only town of Rapa Nui, as well as in the extensive urban network of Santiago and in the Pamatai neighborhood in Tahiti, where a group of Rapanui settled during the second half of the nineteenth century. Formal and informal interviews and conversations were carried out with Rapanui people of all conditions and ages. The characteristics of the diaspora are the result of a long, often dramatic history, that is threads of which are traced in the preserved and transmitted memories, and the analysis of previously unknown archival documentation. As elsewhere in Oceania, this story includes the arrival of missionaries and settlers. But for Rapanui this history also includes the drama of the slave raids from Peru, the massive exodus to Tahiti and Mangareva colluded by missionaries and merchants, as well as by a unique Chilean colonial policy of confinement that transformed the entire island into a private sheep station until 1966. This policy of confinement would lead to several Rapanui to escape from their home and island, at the risking of their lives. Today the story is very different: it is the story of "overflowing tourism", of the re-appropriation of their archaeological heritage, of the reaffirmation of a Polynesian identity and of the beginnings of an economic development in which the Rapanui finally recover the fruits of their island and their history
En esta tesis se estudia la sociedad rapanui, unas 5000 personas, que tiene como lugar de origen y de referencia a Rapa Nui, o Isla de Pascua. A pesar de que la isla es el lugar de referencia identitaria por excelencia, la « sociedad rapanui » no se limita solamente a esta isla de la Polinesia oriental, sino que incluye a sus comunidades de emigrantes instaladas en Chile continental (cerca de la mitad de la población) principalmente en la región metropolitana de Santiago, más un pequeño número en Tahiti, Polinesia francesa. Para los rapanui, Tahiti es un lugar importante en la historia de la isla, de la diáspora y en la formación de una identidad polinésica. El objetivo de esta tesis es comprender la configuración de la comunidad rapanui, comprender de qué manera aquellos que se reconocen « Rapanui » construyen su sociedad a través de diferentes tipos de relaciones, organizando una diáspora, una diáspora que no es fija sino que se establece en la movilidad entre los diversos lugares. Nuestro estudio es antropológico e histórico. Observamos y analizamos las comunidades contemporáneas en sus vidas cotidianas (ocupaciones, relaciones de parentesco, tenencia de la tierra, relación a la historia), a partir de varias investigaciones de terreno realizadas entre 2006 y 2014, tanto en Hanga Roa, el único pueblo de Rapa Nui, como en la extensa red urbana de Santiago y en el barrio de Pamatai en Tahiti, donde un grupo de rapanui se instaló durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Son vidas evocadas en diálogos con personas rapanui de todas la condiciones y edades. Las diferentes características de la diáspora son el resultado de una larga historia, más de una vez dramática, de la cual es preciso reconstruir la trama mediante las memorias conservadas y transmitidas, así como por documentos de archivo, muchas veces desconocidos hasta ahora. Como en otras partes de Oceanía esta historia incluye la llegada de misioneros y colonos. Sin embargo, la historia rapanui está definida por el drama que significaron las redadas esclavista venidas del Perú, el masivo éxodo a Tahiti y Mangareva planeado por misioneros y comerciantes, así como por una política colonial chilena de encierro que transformó a la isla entera en una estancia ovejera privada hasta 1966. Este encierro condujo a varios rapanui a intentar escapar de la isla, arriesgando sus vidas. Actualmente es una otra historia, aquella de un «turismo desbordado», de la apropiación de una herencia arqueológica, de la reafirmación de una identidad polinésica y de los inicios de un desarrollo económico por el cual los rapanui recuperan, al fin, parte de las riquezas de la isla y de su historia
Boussougou, Alain. "La concentration des populations dans les anciens chantiers d'exploitation forestière en Afrique centrale : Esquisse d’une anthropologie des rapports à la forêt dans les territoires recomposés au Cameroun et au Gabon." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H011/document.
Full textThis thesis reports on the nature of the relationship to the forest of former employees migrants settled in the former logging camps. It is deployed on a dual approach diachronic and synchronic. The diachronic approach is divided into two time scales: the "pre-industrial age" and "industrial age". This fragmentation of the past this work has provided two of the three parts on which it is articulated. Regarding the first temporality, it reconstructs the living conditions of populations and the mode of management predominate in the forest before installation and the influence of the forest industry. The analysis reveals that "the pre-industrial age" people lived mainly in the forest and they managed sustainably. The second, puts the populations in the world of work sites and demonstrates that with the creation of wage employment, the latter, did longer perceived the forest as a fundamental economic alternative. It sheds light on social dynamics imported by the rise of wage labor: the modernization of localities, changing patterns of living, social needs, attitudes and the easing of relations of dependence of households to the forest. It puts forward the central role of employment in maintaining pressure on household forest land resources. The latter approach leans on the post-employment and examines the return of populations to the massive exploitation of the forest because of the widespread insecurity and lack of alternatives. Thus, after carrying out the comparison of two approaches used, the thesis leads to the assertion of the existence of non-sustainable management of forests in the old workings
Rojat, Jérôme. "Amibiase hépatique autochtone : à propos de 5 observations." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11245.
Full textEsposito, La Rossa Maurizio. "L'or et l'argent : identifications dynastiques et relations hiérarchiques dans les royautés sakalava de Madagascar." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0159.
Full textHistory is often told by the victors. Even the history of the defeated is recounted either by the victors or by those survivors amongst the defeated who find themselves seated on the victor’s throne. Such is the case with the history of the Zafinifotsy, or "descendants of silver", to whom this study is dedicated. Identified, by a historiographical tradition, as belonging to a minor branch of Sakalava royalty, defeated by the "descendants of gold", these descendants of silver founded a new kingdom to the north of Madagascar in the middle of the 18th century: the Antankaraña kingdom. However, a number of these descendants of silver committed suicide by drowning themselves in a bay on the northwestern coast of the island. In this region, currently ruled by a monarchy of the descendants of gold (Zafinimena), a cult of possession is practiced to honour the spirits of these drowned nobles of the silver, former rivals of the rulers of gold. Faced with the political and economic crisis that Madagascar has undergone for the last several years, clan groups and political actors negotiate their legitimacy and current position in the post-colonial context of the Malagasy republican state through these dynastic categories of gold and silver. In carrying out royal rituals, the descendants of slaves and the servants of Sakalava royalty claim a conception of loyalty and work that differs from that imposed first by colonisation and then by the postcolonial state. National government representatives, on the other hand, draw on their aristocratic origins, and more generally on the history of kings, to legitimise their controversial power amongst the population. It is the ideology of royal power and social hierarchy mobilised by these actors that this thesis examines.Through the study of oral traditions and ritual activities in the different villages where this cult is performed, I analyse the historical and ritual relations between the dynastic or clan groups participants belong to. In visiting these different sites and, more broadly, the main historical capitals of the Sakalava royalty, I have realised a regressive history of the royal dynasties in question. The regressive history, inspired by the work of Marc Bloch and Nathan Wachtel, has revealed, on the basis of the contradictions emerging from oral traditions and ritual interactions, that these royal dynasties were originally functional and relative categories used to organise royal succession. This framework grants the descendants of gold the power to reign, and the descendants of silver that of legitimising the power of the former. This ambivalent hierarchy between these two categories of nobles is, moreover, shaped by the joking relationships that link the stranger kings of gold to the masters of the earth. It is at particular historical junctures that these structural and contextual categories crystallised into dynastic designations. This process of dynastisation was primarily driven by the descendants of silver who founded the Antankaraña kingdom, i.e. those who, defeated in ancient times, took to the throne of the victor. This ethnographic example therefore represents a concrete case of the "structure of the conjuncture" theorised by Marshall Sahlins.In conclusion, this study shines a new light on the founding and organisational mechanisms of Sakalava royal power, as well as the functional and structural character of these categories of "gold" and "silver", reified into effective dynastic groups in particular historical conjunctures. More generally, this thesis provides insight into the relational and contextual nature of hierarchy and individual and collective identities in Madagascar
Dupont, Marjolaine. "Les autochtones et l'autonomie au Québec." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6589.
Full textAntunha, Barbosa Joao Mitia. "PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES, CONNAISSANCES TRADITIONNELLES ET DROITS." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986331.
Full textLangevin, Kareen. "L'adaptation des étudiants autochtones au collégial /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ; Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2006. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textLa p. de t. porte en outre: Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en éducation. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. [130]-134. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Barbosa, João Mitia Antunha. "Peuples autochtones, connaissances traditionnelles et droits." Angers, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00986331.
Full textThe traditional protection systems of intellectual property demonstrate certain inaptitude when it comes to protecting patrimony and the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples. Even if it is not meant to resolve the whole issue, the reflection about the sui generis protection systems becomes fundamental. This theme frequently collides with even greater difficulties represented by the ancestry of this patrimony and traditional knowledge, by the fact that it can eventually possess collective ownership and also by the diversity of its locations. Other difficulties relate to the sacred, confidential and even secretive aspects of a significant portion of such knowledge. This patrimony and knowledge are currently protected not only by international Declarations and Conventions, but also by internal legal devices, as it is the case of Brazil, which is the country that this research points its main focus to. Nonetheless, this research allows to ascertain that, although the debate, the legislation and the negotiation process is only beginning, in fact, it indicates the real perspectives of the use of classical instruments of protection of intellectual rights, on the one hand, as well as the use of sui generis systems, as it is currently taking place in certain countries, on the other. Clearly, it is essential to take into consideration the particularities of each situation, and that contracted agreements on the usage or access to such knowledge respond to specific ethical demands, always taking into account the vigilant participation of interested parties and the public bodies which must support complementary policies
Ciavolella, Riccardo. "LE POUVOIR AUX MARGES. Les FulaaBe et l'État mauritanien." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292887.
Full textEtienne, Guillaume. "Religion, ethnicité et patrimoine. Un pèlerinage berrichon approprié par les migrations." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995085.
Full textMarchand, Marie-Ève. "Prendre sa place : l'installation comme œuvre et comme pratique identitaire chez deux artistes amérindiennes au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20097.
Full textHouriez, Isabelle. "Le kyste hydatique cerebral : a propos d'un cas autochtone." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M225.
Full textGuillemoteau-Talmant, Audrey. "Dirofilariose autochtone à dirofilaria repens : à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11007.
Full textVallée-Longpré, Julien. "Perspectives autochtones dans l’histoire nationale : étude de cas sur des propositions des associations autochtones depuis les années 1960." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70395.
Full textThis thesis focus on indigenous claims regarding history teaching in Quebec. The goal of this study is to understand how to incorporate indigenous views of the past in Quebec’s history curriculum and into teaching practices. To do so, various documents were used: briefs, documents for comment, reports and education programs. A special attention was paid to the briefs produced by indigenous communities during the major educational reforms. In those briefs, indigenous communities put forward their visions of the past and discuss how they should be included in history taught to students. More specifically, we refer to the Parent report (1964), but also to the two last reports that dealt with history teaching, the Lacoursière report (1996) and the Beauchemin-Fahmy-Eid report (2014)Various theories developped by educational researchers (for example the historical thinking of Peter Seixas or Barton’s agentivity) will help us understand how history can be taught in a way that promotes in students a social and historical consciousness that recognizesthe contributions of First Nations in the past and present society.In fact, history teaching often uses cultural and historiographical frameworks from previous generations. At the secondary level, a considerable amount of learning situations present indigenous people as passive characters of Quebec and Canada historical narrative.(Bories-Sawala, Thibault, 2020).By analysing briefs published by indigenous associations, our study will allow us to characterize how First Nations envision their past and how they think it should be taught in today’s schools.
Tremblay, Léane. "L'Aldeia Multiétnica : un lieu de rencontres et de transformations pour les peuples autochtones et non autochtones au Brésil]." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29986.
Full textA partir duma pesquisa do campo realizada em 2016 na região da Chapada dos Veadeiros, esta dissertação de mestrado analisa as dimensões rituais, políticas e identitárias da Aldeia Multiétnica. Esse evento ocorre anualmente há 10 anos e reúne diversos povos indígenas do Brasil e também não-indígena. Ele faz parte do Encontro de Culturas Traditionais da Chapada dos Veadeiros, o qual promove as culturas traditionais do país. A presente análise mostra que esse ritual da Aldeia é, a curto e longo prazo, um ponto de encontros políticos e um veículo de construção e de valorização da identidade para as comunidades participantes. O evento proporciona também uma conscientização e uma mobilização dos não-indígenas. Nesta dissertação, abordamos três áreas de análise para esse ritual: as conversações que tornam possível a realização do evento, as relações entre e dentro dos diferentes grupos de pessoas e as transformações individuais e coletivas dos participantes.
Cayer, Helen. "Abus d'alcool et traitement alternatif : perspectives autochtones." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21987.pdf.
Full textOrtega, José del Carmen. "Le pluralisme juridique et les peuples autochtones." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020003.
Full textIn early XXIth century, aboriginal peoples have the same legal status than any other citizens under the rule of law and, as a supplement, state recognize their customary status. So there is a duplicity of legal status. We analyse four countries : Australia, Canada, Colombia and New Caledonia. The starting print is the collection of rules, institutions and legal mechanisms adopted by the various states. The method is more inductive than deductive : from legal facts regarding aboriginal peoples, we try to conceptualise the characteristics of legal system in multicultural states. Principe on equality articulates customary law with state, or maybe it serves for their captation while aboriginal peoples demand formal equality between customary law and rule of law ; in the other side, they demand a material equality like citizens and affirmative action measures against their inferior conditions of living. Reflection about customary law puts in evidence a kind of evolution to an identitary law which mission could be: to protect cultural identities from their formation, to assure links of communities, to save cultural borders and to regulate the changing identity of individuals. Multicultural states answered to the demands of aboriginal peoples by a duplication of institutions and laws following three models : 1) Political, legal, jurisdictional and administrative autonomies (territorial units, personal status, customary jurisdiction, etc. ) ; 2) Special statutes (contributions, multilinguism, etc. ) ; and 3) Duplicities of law that create legal pluralism situations, in the way proposed by Jacques VANDERLINDEN. A legal pluralism pragmatist and situational is the opposite of systemic approach and concepts of law anthropologists
Anezo, Julie Pagniez Fabrice. "La sporotrichose cas autochtones en Nouvelle-Calédonie /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=53006.
Full textCUMERO, FRANCOIS. "Anguillulose autochtone : mythe ou realite ? a propos de deux cas et revue de la litterature." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE6514.
Full textCôté, Isabelle. "Parcours de décrochage et raccrochage scolaire des jeunes autochtones en milieu urbain : le point de vue des étudiants autochtones." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26154/26154.pdf.
Full textChicoine-Wilson, Charlotte. "La reconnaissance de l'autonomie judiciaire autochtone : regard sur l'expérience colombienne." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33130.
Full textCORMIER, LEBRETON MARIE-NOELLE. "Lepre autochtone francaise : etat actuel a partir d'un cas sarthois." Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE1078.
Full textGravelle, Jacqueline. "Étude comparative de l'éducation traditionnelle autochtone et de l'éducation holistique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29347.
Full textSamson-Normand, de Chambourg Dominique. ""Ilir" d'Anna Nerkagui : une page de vie autochtone, 1917-1997 /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) : l'Harmattan, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370717061.
Full textComprend des extraits de "Ilir" d'Anna Nerkagui. En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 293-298. Index.